Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rocks, Metamorphic

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rocks, Metamorphic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rocks, Metamorphic"

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Ziultsle, O. V., and V. V. Ziultsle. "Breed Associations of the Gaisin Block of the Ukrainian Shield." Geochemistry and ore formation, no. 42 (2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gof.2021.42.061.

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The Gaysins block is characterized by a wide range of both metamorphic and ultrametamorphic formations. Ultrametamorphic formations are represented by an association of rocks with a transition from charnockitoids to two-feldspar granites. Remnants of metamorphic rocks are composed of diafluorinated varieties to varying degrees. Geological surveys of the last decades have discovered on the territory of the Gaysin block structures of variegated composition, which are represented by both metamorphic and ultrametamorphic rocks. The most studied are structures in the area of the settlements of Chagiv, Tyagun, Sitkovtsi, Naraevka, Tsibuliv and Popudnya. The wide variety of the mineral composition of the rocks of the Gaysinsky block is due to the metamorpho-metasomatic transformations of the primary parageneses formed under the conditions of the granulite facies. These transformations are taking place against the background of a decrease in the PT parameters of regional metamorphism.
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APARICIO, A., M. A. BUSTILLO, R. GARCIA, and V. ARAÑA. "Metasedimentary xenoliths in the lavas of the Timanfaya eruption (1730–1736, Lanzarote, Canary Islands): metamorphism and contamination processes." Geological Magazine 143, no. 2 (March 2006): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756806001713.

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We report on the investigation of contact metamorphism provoked by the emplacement of a shallow magma chamber during the Timanfaya eruption of Lanzarote from 1730 to 1736 AD. The study was carried out on metamorphic xenoliths from basaltic Timanfaya lavas, and shows how the primary basanitic magma was contaminated by sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Mineralogical and chemical studies allowed the definition of several xenolith types. Silica xenoliths (quartz, tridymite, cristobalite or a mixture of these, constituting more than 50 % of the xenolith) and calc-silicate xenoliths (wollastonite, sometimes the 2M type, diopside, forsterite or mixture of these, constituting more than 50 % of the xenolith) are the most frequent. Other minerals recognized were calcite, dolomite, augite, enstatite, hypersthene, spinel and scapolite. The mineralogy and some textures of the metamorphic forsteritic xenoliths are identical to those found in ultrabasic xenoliths (dunites) and point to a possible metamorphic origin for some of them. Major and trace elements showed a diversity of composition, controlled by the mineralogy. The REE composition of the metamorphic xenoliths is high, compared with the sedimentary xenoliths not affected by metamorphism. The mineral assemblages define metamorphic facies of low, medium and high grade, depending on the distance of the sedimentary rocks from the magma chamber border. The IGPETWIN-MIXING program was used to verify the contamination process, taking the xenoliths as representative of the sedimentary/metamorphic rocks that were melted. The results indicated that sedimentary/metamorphic rock contamination of a basanitic magma can produce tholeiitic compositions.
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Hara, Hidetoshi, Hiroshi Mori, Kohei Tominaga, and Yuki Nobe. "Progressive Low-Grade Metamorphism Reconstructed from the Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material and an EBSD Analysis of Quartz in the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Event, Central Japan." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2021): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080854.

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Low-grade metamorphic temperature conditions associated with the Sanbagawa metamorphic event were estimated by the Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) in pelitic rocks and an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of the quartz in siliceous rocks. Analytical samples were collected from the Sanbagawa metamorphic complex, the Mikabu greenstones, and the Chichibu accretionary complex in the eastern Kanto Mountains, central Japan. Previously, low-grade Sanbagawa metamorphism was only broadly recognized as pumpellyite–actinolite facies assigned to the chlorite zone. The RSCM results indicate metamorphic temperatures of 358 °C and 368 °C for the chlorite zone and 387 °C for the garnet zone of the Sanbagawa metamorphic complex, 315 °C for the Mikabu greenstones, and 234–266 °C for the Chichibu accretionary complex. From the EBSD analyses, the diameter of the quartz grains calculated by the root mean square (RMS) approximation ranges from 55.9 to 69.0 μm for the Sanbagawa metamorphic complex, 9.5 to 23.5 μm for the Mikabu greenstones, and 2.9 to 7.3 μm for the Chichibu accretionary complex. The opening angles of the c-axis fabric approximate 40–50°, presenting temperatures of 324–393 °C for the Sanbagawa metamorphic complex and the Mikabu greenstones. The temperature conditions show a continuous increase with no apparent gaps from these low-grade metamorphosed rocks. In addition, there exists an empirical exponential relationship between the estimated metamorphic temperatures and the RMS values of the quartz grains. In this study, integrated analyses of multiple rock types provided valuable information on progressive low-grade metamorphism and a similar approach may be applied to study other metamorphic complexes.
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Xiao, Ling-Ling, and Min-Hua Chen. "Metamorphic Age Comparison and Its Implications between the Zuoquan and Zanhuang Complexes in the Central North China Craton, Based on LA-ICP-MS Zircon U–Pb Dating." Minerals 9, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120780.

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The Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO) is well-known as an early Precambrian orogenic belt in the North China Craton (NCC). Three meaningful groups of metamorphic ages have been reported in the metamorphic complexes throughout the TNCO, including c. 1.85 Ga, c. 1.95 Ga, and c. 2.5 Ga. The spatial distributions and relationships of these ages provide notable insight into the formation timing and tectonic evolution of the NCC basement. The Zuoquan and Zanhuang complexes are exposed in the south–central TNCO and are adjacent to the Eastern Block. In order to place new constraints on the timing of two phases of metamorphism that occurred in the complexes, combined U–Pb and rare earth element analyses were performed on zircons from different types of metamorphic rocks. Uranium–Pb zircon dating in this study shows that two groups of metamorphic ages of 1.88–1.85 Ga and 2.48–2.46 Ga were commonly recorded by metamorphic rocks in the Zanhuang and Zuoquan complexes, respectively. Our previous geochronological studies showed that metamorphic ages of c. 2.51 Ga and c. 1.90 Ga were locally recorded in the Zanhuang and Zuoquan complexes, respectively. These data indicate that metamorphic rocks in the two complexes underwent at least two phases of metamorphism, i.e., 2.51–2.46 Ga (Phase I) and 1.90–1.85 Ga (Phase II). In combination with previous studies regarding reaction microstructures, metamorphic pressure–temperature paths, and geochronology, the Phase II metamorphic ages are interpreted to be linked to the collision between the Western and Eastern Blocks along the TNCO between 1.97 Ga and 1.80 Ga, whereas the Phase I metamorphic ages, as a result of an earlier and extensive tectono-thermal event that occurred in the Eastern and Western Blocks of the NCC, were related to underplating of mantle-derived magma. It is inferred that the rocks with c. 2.51–2.46 Ga metamorphic ages in the two complexes formed in the Eastern Block and underwent regional metamorphism during that period, and then were tectonically involved in the TNCO and experienced c. 1.90–1.85 Ga metamorphism. Metamorphic peaks occurred at different crustal levels in the orogen, resulting in distinct metamorphic ages and peak conditions preserved by metamorphic rocks in the two complexes.
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Li, Zhen, Hao Wang, Qian Zhang, Meng-Yan Shi, Jun-Sheng Lu, Jia-Hui Liu, and Chun-Ming Wu. "Ultra-High Pressure Metamorphism and Geochronology of Garnet Clinopyroxenite in the Paleozoic Dunhuang Orogenic Belt, Northwestern China." Minerals 11, no. 2 (January 24, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11020117.

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Ultra-high pressure (UHP) metamorphism is recorded by garnet clinopyroxenite enclaves enclosed in an undeformed, unmetamorphosed granitic pluton, northeastern Paleozoic Dunhuang orogenic belt, northwestern China. The protoliths of the garnet clinopyroxenite might be basic or ultrabasic volcanic rocks. Three to four stages of metamorphic mineral assemblages have been found in the garnet clinopyroxenite, and clockwise metamorphic pressure–temperature (P-T) paths were retrieved, indicative of metamorphism in a subduction environment. Peak metamorphic P-T conditions (790–920 °C/28–41 kbar) of garnet clinopyroxenite suggest they experienced UHP metamorphism in the coesite- or diamond-stability field. The UHP metamorphic event is also confirmed by the occurrence of high-Al titanite enclosed in the garnet, along with at least three groups of aligned rutile lamellae exsolved from the garnet. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb dating of metamorphic titanite indicates that the post-peak, subsequent tectonic exhumation of the UHP rocks occurred in the Devonian period (~389–370 Ma). These data suggest that part of the Paleozoic Dunhuang orogenic belt experienced UHP metamorphism, and diverse metamorphic facies series prevailed in this Paleozoic orogen. It can be further inferred that most of the UHP rocks in this orogen remain buried.
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Breitfeld, H. Tim, and Robert Hall. "Metamorphic rocks of the Kuching Zone Sarawak: Comment on Najiatun Najla Mohamad et al. (2020) The geology and stratigraphic framework of the Kuching Zone Sarawak: Current understanding and unresolved issues." Warta Geologi 47, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/wg472202104.

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Metamorphic rocks of Sarawak have been dated and are not Upper Carboniferous or older rocks nor are they correlatives of the Pinoh Metamorphics of Kalimantan. Two newly-dated rocks are Triassic and are named the West Sarawak Metamorphics and a third sample is Cretaceous.
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Li, Yunshuai, Jianxin Zhang, Shengyao Yu, Yanguang Li, Hu Guo, Jian Zhang, Changlei Fu, Hui Cao, Mengqi Jin, and Zhihui Cai. "Petrological, geochronological, and geochemical potential accounting for continental subduction and exhumation: A case study of felsic granulites from South Altyn Tagh, northwestern China." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 11-12 (April 22, 2020): 2611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35459.1.

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Abstract Deciphering the formation and geodynamic evolution of high-pressure (HP) granulites in a collisional orogeny can provide crucial constraints on the geodynamic evolution of subduction-exhumation. To fully exploit the geodynamic potential of metamorphic rocks, it is necessary to constrain the metamorphic ages, although it is difficult to link zircon and monazite ages to metamorphic evolution. A good case study for understanding these geodynamic processes is felsic granulites in the Bashiwake area, South Altyn Tagh. Petrographic observations suggest that the studied felsic granulites have suffered multi-stage metamorphism, and the distinct metamorphic events were documented by compositional zoning and high Y + heavy rare earth element (HREE) concentrations in the large garnet porphyroblast. Zircon U-Pb dating yielded two major age clusters: one age cluster at ca. 900 Ma represents the age of the protolith for the felsic granulite, and another age cluster at ca. 500 Ma represents the post-UHT (ultrahigh temperature) stage based on the rare earth element distribution coefficients between zircon and garnet. Meanwhile, in situ monazites U-Pb dating yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 482 ± 3.5 Ma, and the monazite U-Pb age was interpreted to be in agreement with the metamorphic zircon rims data, which together with zircon recorded the cooling time after the UHT stage. Whole-rock major and trace elements as well as Sr-Nd isotopes suggest that the protolith of the felsic granulite derived from partial melting of ancient crustal materials with the addition of mantle materials. Integrating these results along with previous studies, we propose that the felsic granulites metamorphosed from the Neoproterozoic granitic rocks, and the granitic rocks with associated mafic-ultramafic rocks suffered a common high-pressure–ultrahigh temperature (HP-UHT) metamorphism and subsequent granulite-facies metamorphism. A tentative model of subduction-relamination was proposed for the geodynamic evolution of the Bashiwake unit, South Altyn Tagh.
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Muhammad, W. N., N. I. Setiawan, S. Husein, and M. Nukman. "A preliminary study of geology and skarn of Cemorosewu Area, Bayat, Central Java, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 851, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012045.

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Abstract We present the first finding of skarn rocks in Cemorosewu area of East Jiwo Hill, Bayat, Central Java, Indonesia. The geological conditions of this area which related to the appearance of the skarn is also reported. The methods used in this research are DEM acquisition using drone to generate basemap for geological mapping and thin section petrographic analyses. The geological map shows that Cemorosewu area consists of metamorphic rocks (mica phyllite, graphite phyllite, with quartzite and marble lenses), sedimentary rocks (carbonate breccia and siltstone), and igneous rock (microdiorite). Based on the field observation and geological map, the regional metamorphic rocks are the oldest units in this area followed by sedimentary rocks and igneous rock which intruded both rocks. Skarn rocks were cropped out as a boulder along the Kluwihan creek with the maximum size of 8 m in length. The skarn consists of garnet, clinopyroxene, zoisite, actinolite, and minor quartz. Metasiltstone and skarn rock are suggested formed by contact metamorphism of microdiorite intrusion. The marble, which lenses within the phyllites, is suggested to be the protolith of the skarn formation in this area.
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Vezzoni, Simone, Diego Pieruccioni, Yuri Galanti, Cristian Biagioni, and Andrea Dini. "Permian Hydrothermal Alteration Preserved in Polymetamorphic Basement and Constraints for Ore-genesis (Alpi Apuane, Italy)." Geosciences 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100399.

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The reconstruction of the polymetamorphic history of basement rocks in orogens is crucial for deciphering past geodynamic evolution. However, the current petrographic features are usually interpreted as the results of the metamorphic recrystallization of primary sedimentary and/or magmatic features. In contrast, metamorphic rocks derived by protoliths affected by pre-metamorphic hydrothermal alterations are rarely recognized. This work reports textural, mineralogical and geochemical data of metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks from the Paleozoic succession of the Sant’Anna tectonic window (Alpi Apuane, Tuscany, Italy). These rocks were recrystallized and reworked during the Alpine tectono-metamorphic event, but the bulk composition and some refractory minerals (e.g., tourmaline) are largely preserved. Our data show that the Paleozoic rocks from the Alpi Apuane were locally altered by hydrothermal fluids prior to Alpine metamorphism, and that the Permian magmatic cycle was likely responsible for this hydrothermal alteration. Finally, the Ishikawa Alteration Index, initially developed for magmatic rocks, was applied to metasedimentary rocks, providing a useful geochemical tool for unravelling the hydrothermal history of Paleozoic rocks, as well as a potential guide to the localization of hidden ore deposits in metamorphic terranes.
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Vezinet, Adrien, Emilie Thomassot, Yan Luo, Chiranjeeb Sarkar, and D. Graham Pearson. "Diachronous Redistribution of Hf and Nd Isotopes at the Crystal Scale—Consequences for the Isotopic Evolution of a Poly-Metamorphic Crustal Terrane." Geosciences 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010036.

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In metamorphic rocks, mineral species react over a range of pressure–temperature conditions that do not necessarily overlap. Mineral equilibration can occur at varied points along the metamorphic pressure–temperature (PT) path, and thus at different times. The sole or dominant use of zircon isotopic compositions to constrain the evolution of metamorphic rocks might then inadvertently skew geological interpretations towards one aspect or one moment of a rock’s history. Here, we present in-situ U–Pb/Sm–Nd isotope analyses of the apatite crystals extracted from two meta-igneous rocks exposed in the Saglek Block (North Atlantic craton, Canada), an Archean metamorphic terrane, with the aim of examining the various signatures and events that they record. The data are combined with published U–Pb/Hf/O isotope compositions of zircon extracted from the same hand-specimens. We found an offset of nearly ca. 1.5 Gyr between U-Pb ages derived from the oldest zircon cores and apatite U–Pb/Sm–Nd isotopic ages, and an offset of ca. 200 Ma between the youngest zircon metamorphic overgrowths and apatite. These differences in metamorphic ages recorded by zircon and apatite mean that the redistribution of Hf isotopes (largely hosted in zircon) and Nd isotopes (largely hosted in apatite within these rocks), were not synchronous at the hand-specimen scale (≤~0.001 m3). We propose that the diachronous redistribution of Hf and Nd isotopes and their parent isotopes was caused by the different PT conditions of growth equilibration between zircon and apatite during metamorphism. These findings document the latest metamorphic evolution of the Saglek Block, highlighting the role played by intra-crustal reworking during the late-Archean regional metamorphic event.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rocks, Metamorphic"

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Nagurney, Alexandra Bobiak. "Microstructural Controls on the Crystallization and Exhumation of Metamorphic Rocks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103773.

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Microstructural data on the orientation and distribution of minerals can be utilized to better understand the processes controlling mineral crystallization during metamorphism and the extent to which equilibrium versus kinetic factors control the evolution of metamorphic rocks. Four studies in this dissertation address this, finding that: i) garnet crystals crystallize via epitaxial nucleation in which garnet crystallizes by templating on the crystal structure of muscovite; ii) the distribution of grain boundary void space at quartz-quartz and garnet-quartz grain boundaries is a function of the orientation of quartz crystals on either side of the grain boundary. There are more voids, and in some cases larger voids, at grain boundaries in which the a-axis of a neighboring quartz grain is perpendicular to the grain boundary than any other orientation; iii) the chemical potentials of garnet-forming components evolve differently in samples in which garnet growth either significantly or minimally overstepped equilibrium garnet-forming reactions; iv) the southwestern Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, experienced peak metamorphic conditions of ~630ºC and 4.0 kbar, likely resulting from regional metamorphism during the Neoacadian orogeny. A case study on the mechanisms controlling garnet crystallization in one Nova Scotian sample reveals that the rate limiting step of garnet crystallization was probably the diffusional transport of Al through the intergranular matrix. Taken together, this work has implications for understanding: i) the properties of grain boundaries in metamorphic rocks and ii) the extent to which equilibrium versus kinetic factors impact metamorphic petrogenesis.
Doctor of Philosophy
A fundamental question in the development of metamorphic rocks, or rocks that form due to changes in pressure and temperature conditions deep in the Earth's mountain belts, is: what controls the crystallization of new minerals? While pressure, temperature, and bulk composition likely play a major role in this, it is also possible that the distribution of reactant minerals and the transport of elements through the rock may also play a role in mineral crystallization. This dissertation explores several projects related to this broad topic. In one example, garnet, an important metamorphic mineral, was found to crystallize by utilizing the atomic structure of another mineral in the rock. This creates a favorable pathway for the crystallization of garnet, which preferentially grows on this 'parent' mineral. Further, the distribution of porosity, or void space, at the interfaces between mineral grains in metamorphic rocks is found to be controlled by the orientation of those minerals. This porosity likely formed when the rocks were exhumed from deep in the Earth towards its surface. Metamorphic rocks can also tell the story of continental plates colliding millions of years ago. In an example from the formation of the Appalachian Mountains ~400 million years ago, a combination of collisional tectonic forces and the heat from magmas in the shallow crust resulted in metamorphic rock, which make up much of southern Nova Scotia today. This work has important implications for understanding: i) porosity in metamorphic rocks and ii) how minerals crystallize during metamorphism.
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Huff, Timothy A. "Fluid inclusion evidence for metamorphic fluid evolution in the Black Hills, South Dakota /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421144.

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Chan, Heung-ngai. "Igneous and metamorphic rocks from SW Cyprus and NW Syria evidence for Cretaceous microplate collision and subsequent tectonic events in the Eastern Mediterranean /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30711940.

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Cui, Xiaojun. "Numerical modeling of reactive fluid flow in the Notch Peak contact metamorphic aureole, Utah /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060092.

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NARUK, STEPHEN JOHN. "KINEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MYLONITIC FOLIATION (METAMORPHIC)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184087.

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Geometric analyses of three mylonite zones, including two metamorphic-core-complex SC-mylonite zones, show that the mylonitic foliation surfaces (S-surfaces) are consistently discordant to the margins of the shear zones. Finite-strain analyses show that the foliation surfaces in each zone are consistently oriented parallel to the XY-plane of the finite strain ellipsoid. The shear bands within the mylonites (C-surfaces, C'-surfaces, extensional crenulations, and shear-band cleavages) are uniformly oriented subparallel to the margins of the shear zones. The finite lengths and discontinuous natures of the shear bands require that the displacement along them be accommodated by the S-surfaces at the tips of the shear bands. Thus the S-surface elongations and orientations represent the total bulk rock strain, rather than some minimum measure of inter-C-surface strain. General stress and strain considerations indicate that the shear bands are planes of maximum shear stress, and that they are not only simple-shear slip planes. This interpretation implies that in simple-shear deformation, a single, irrotational set of shear bands will develop parallel to the shear-zone boundaries. In deformations involving significant components of coaxial strain, however, shear bands may develop in other orientations or in conjugate sets and rotate with progressive deformation.
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Rougvie, James Russell. "Metamorphism in the northern Park Range of Colorado : fluid-rock interactions and thermobarometry /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Lewerentz, Alexander. "Fluid-induced alteration of metasedimentary rocks in the Scottish Highlands." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146121.

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Fluids, mainly H2O and CO2, are released from H- and C-bearing phases during prograde metamorphism. Because of the buoyancy of these fluids, they rise within the crust towards the surface of the Earth. Metamorphic fluids take advantage of permeable horizons, shear zones, fold hinges, fractures, and are channelled into high-flux zones. Fluid fluxes for channelized fluid flow may exceed background pervasive fluxes by several orders of magnitude. Metamorphic fluids react with the surrounding rock during fluid flow, and altered zones are commonly observed adjacent to high-flux conduits. Fluid-altered rock is texturally, mineralogically, chemically, and isotopically different from rock unaffected by fluid flow. In this thesis, fluid-rock interaction is studied at two localities in the Scottish Highlands: Glen Esk and the Isle of Islay. Glen Esk is one of the type localities used by George Barrow (1853-1932) to propose the concept of metamorphic zones and metamorphic index minerals as an approximate determination of metamorphic grade. In several of the metamorphic zones in Glen Esk, index mineral distribution is highly dependent on proximity to veins. The occurrence of index minerals is therefore not only controlled by pressure and temperature, but also by the availability of metamorphic fluids. Evidence of a retrograde fluid flow event from the North Esk Fault is observed in Glen Esk, for which a time-averaged fluid flux of 0.0003 – 0.0126 m3∙m-2∙yr-1 is calculated. The duration of the fluid event is estimated to between 16 and 334 kyr. On the Isle of Islay, kyanite is observed in rocks of chlorite or lower-biotite metamorphic grade, i.e. much lower temperatures than usually associated with kyanite formation. The favoured explanation for this is retrograde infiltration of extremely high-CO2 fluids, at least locally XCO2 > 0.7, at ~340°C, which altered these rocks and stabilised kyanite in a carbonate-bearing assemblage. Oxygen and carbon stable isotope profiles across the Islay Anticline reveals highly channelized fluid flow along the axial region of this fold, with fluid:rock ratios at least four times higher than in rock farther away from the fold. Although carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of metacarbonate rocks were altered along the Islay Anticline, negative anomalies observed below and above the Port Askaig Tillite Formation cannot solely be attributed to metamorphic fluid flow, which implies that these rocks to varying degree retain their primary paleoclimatological isotopic signatures.
Stora volymer H2O och CO2 frigörs som fluider under prograd metamorfos. Metamorfa fluider har lägre densitet än det omgivande berget, varför de stiger genom jordskorpan mot jordytan. Metamorfa fluider kanaliseras i permabla lager, skjuvzoner, veckaxlar, sprickor och andra högflödeszoner. Kanaliserade fluidflöden kan vara flera storleksordningar högre än bakgrundsvärdet för fluidflöde inom en bergart. Metamorfa fluider reagerar under transport med det omgivande berget och bildar fluidomvandlade zoner i anslutning till högflödeskanaler. Fluidomvandlat berg uppvisar texturella, mineralogiska, kemiska och isotopsammansättningsmässiga skillnader i jämförelse med berg som inte utsatts för fluidomvandling. I denna avhandling behandlas reaktioner mellan fluid och berg som studerats i två lokaler i de skotska högländerna: Glen Esk och Islay. Glen Esk är en av de typlokaler som George Barrow (1853-1932) använde för att lägga fram konceptet om metamorfa zoner och metamorfa indexmineral som används för att ungefärligt uppskatta metamorf grad. I flera av de metamorfa zonerna är förekomsten av indexmineral i hög grad beroende av närhet till kvartsådror, vilket visar att bildandet av indexmineral inte bara styrs av tryck och temperatur, utan också av åtkomst till metamorfa fluider. I Glen Esk finns också spår av ett fluidflöde från North Esk-förkastningen, under retrograda metamorfa förhållanden, för vilket mededfluidflödet över tid uppgår till 0.0003 – 0.0126 m3∙m-2∙år-1. Denna fluidflödeshändelse beräknas ha pågått mellan 16 000 och 334 000 år. På ön Islay i de sydvästra högländerna återfinns bergarter, som trots sin låga metamorfa grad i klorit- eller biotitzonen innehåller mineralet kyanit, dvs. temperaturer långt under vad som vanligen associeras med kyanitbildning. Detta förklaras med infiltration av fluider med extremt hög CO2-halt, åtminstone lokalt så högt som XCO2 > 0.7, vid ca. 340°C. Fluidomvandling av dessa bergarter stabiliserade kyanit tillsammans med karbonatmineral. Syre- och kolisotopprofiler över Islayantiklinen påvisar hög kanalisering av fluider längs dess veckaxeln. Förhållandet mellan fluid och berg var mer än fyra gånger så högt i närheten av veckaxeln jämfört lokaler längre ifrån densamma. Påverkan av metakarbonatbergarters isotopförhållanden har skett längs Islayantiklinen, men fluidpåverkan kan inte ensamt förklara de isotopanomalier som observerats under och ovan Port Askaig-tilliten, varför dessa bergarter kan ha bibehållit sin primära paleoklimatologiska isotopsignatur.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Mawby, Joanna. "Metamorphic and geochronologic constraints on Palaeozoic tectonism in the eastern Arunta Inlier." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm462.pdf.

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Appendix 4 and 5 in pocket on back cover. Bibliography: p. 123-130. The isotopic data indicates the Harts Range Metamorphic Complex formed within a previously unrecognized intracratonic tectonic province in Central Australia
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Strowbridge, Susan Leah. "Metamorphic evolution of anatectic metapelites from the Gabriel high strain zone, Grenville Province /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2005. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,62592.

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Pressler, Rebecca E. "An integrated petrofabric study of the high-pressure Orlica-Śnieźnik Complex, Czech Republic and Poland." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1149180445.

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Books on the topic "Rocks, Metamorphic"

1

Stille, Darlene R. Metamorphic rocks: Recycled rock. Minneapolis, Minn: Compass Point Books, 2008.

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Oxlade, Chris. Metamorphic rocks. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2011.

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Metamorphic rocks. New York: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2014.

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Oxlade, Chris. Metamorphic rocks. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2011.

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Fettes, Douglas, and Jacqueline Desmons, eds. Metamorphic Rocks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511628917.

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Fyfe, W. S. Metamorphic reactions and metamorphic facies. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1985.

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Reinsch, D. Petrographisches Praktikum (Metamorphite). Clausthal-Zellerfeld: E. Pilger, 1988.

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Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia. Metamorphic facies map of southeastern Alaska: Distribution, facies, and ages of regionally metamorphosed rocks. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Dusel-Bacon, Cynthia. Distribution, facies, ages, and proposed tectonic associations of regionally metamorphosed rocks in southwestern Alaska and the Alaska Peninsula. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Unearthing metamorphic rocks. PowerKids Press, New York: PowerKids Press, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rocks, Metamorphic"

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Sen, Gautam. "Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks." In Petrology, 311–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38800-2_15.

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Del Lama, Eliane Aparecida, and Maria Heloisa Barros de Oliveira Frascá. "Metamorphic Rocks." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_198-1.

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Okrusch, Martin, and Hartwig E. Frimmel. "Metamorphic Rocks." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 453–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57316-7_26.

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Fernandes, Isabel, Maria dos Anjos Ribeiro, Maarten A. T. M. Broekmans, and Ian Sims. "Metamorphic Rocks." In Petrographic Atlas: Characterisation of Aggregates Regarding Potential Reactivity to Alkalis, 103–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7383-6_4.

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Bucher, Kurt, and Martin Frey. "Metamorphic Rocks." In Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks, 17–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04914-3_2.

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Dercourt, Jean, and Jacques Paquet. "Metamorphic Rocks." In Geology Principles & Methods, 81–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4956-0_6.

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Del Lama, Eliane Aparecida, and Maria Heloisa Barros Oliveira de Frascá. "Metamorphic Rocks." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 619–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_198.

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Perkins, Dexter, Kevin R. Henke, Adam C. Simon, and Lance D. Yarbrough. "Metamorphic Rocks." In Earth Materials, 305–29. Leiden, The Netherlands : CRC Press/Balkema, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429197109-10.

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McCann, Tom. "Metamorphic Rocks." In Pocket Guide Geology in the Field, 99–118. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63082-2_4.

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Bucher, Kurt, and Martin Frey. "Metamorphic Rocks." In Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks, 13–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03000-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rocks, Metamorphic"

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Peterman, Emily, Michael L. Williams, and Holly E. Harris. "EVIDENCE FOR UHP METAMORPHISM IN STRONGLY OVERPRINTED ROCKS, RHODOPE METAMORPHIC COMPLEX, GREECE." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-379147.

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Keulen, Nynke. "Automated Quantitative Mineralogy Applied to Metamorphic Rocks." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.719.

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Tajcmanova, Lucie. "Quantification of micro-scale processes in metamorphic rocks." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.10579.

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Jud, M. "High Resolution Seismic Reflection for Imaging Metamorphic Rocks." In 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition - Workshops. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20140521.

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Nagurney, Alexandra B., Christopher Winkler, Mark Caddick, F. Marc Michel, Ya Peng Yu, and David R. M. Pattison. "NANOSCALE INVESTIGATION OF GARNET GRAIN BOUNDARIES IN METAMORPHIC ROCKS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322030.

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Pan, Heping, Miao Luo, and Yonggang Zhao. "Identification of metamorphic rocks in the CCSD main hole." In 2010 Sixth International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2010.5584844.

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Konrad-Schmolke, Matthias. "How Well do We Know Reaction Pathways in Metamorphic Rocks?" In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1353.

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Foster, C. T. "EQUILIBRIUM....OR NOT? CLUES FROM REACTION MECHANISMS IN METAMORPHIC ROCKS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282558.

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Coleman, Drew S., Allen F. Glazner, John M. Bartley, and Alan E. Boudreau. "ARE PLUTONS IGNEOUS OR METAMORPHIC ROCKS? YES. THEY ARE MELTAMORPHIC." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-323014.

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Nagurney, Allie. "FORMATION, EQUILIBRATION, AND EVOLUTION OF LUNAR METEORITES AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-380592.

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Reports on the topic "Rocks, Metamorphic"

1

Berman, R. G. Diamonds in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211746.

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Wetherup, S., and L. C. Struik. Vanderhoof Metamorphic Complex and surrounding rocks, central British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207410.

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Schau, M., and K. E. Ashton. High grade metamorphic rocks of northwestern Melville Peninsula, District of Franklin. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120148.

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Schau, M., and M. Beckett. High Grade Metamorphic Rocks of northwestern Melville Peninsula, District of Franklin. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120438.

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Currie, L. D. Metamorphic Rocks in the Florence Range, Coast Mountains, northwestern British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/131376.

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Padget, C. D. W., D. R. M. Pattison, D. P. Moynihan, and O. Beyssac. Pyrite and pyrrhotite in a prograde metamorphic sequence, Hyland River region, SE Yukon: implications for orogenic gold. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328987.

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The distribution of pyrite and pyrrhotite is documented within an andalusite-sillimanite type (high-temperature, low-pressure) metasedimentary succession exposed in the Hyland River region of southeastern Yukon, Canada. The following metamorphic zones are recognized: chlorite, biotite, cordierite/staurolite (porphyroblast-in), andalusite, sillimanite, and K-feldspar + sillimanite. Pyrite occurs in the chlorite zone through the biotite zone, while pyrrhotite occurs from the chlorite zone to K-feldspar + sillimanite zone. The pyrite-pyrrhotite transition, therefore, occupies an interval in the chlorite and lower biotite zones that is terminated upgrade by a pyrite-out isograd in the upper part of the biotite zone or lowest grade part of the cordierite/staurolite zone. Pressure and temperature conditions of the rocks were estimated from phase equilibrium modelling and from Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) thermometry. Modelling indicates pressures of 3.7-4.1 kbar with temperatures of ~425 °C at the biotite isograd, 560-570 °C for chlorite-out/porphyroblast-in, ~575 °C for andalusite-in, 575-600 °C for the sillimanite isograd, and 645-660 °C at the K-feldspar + sillimanite isograd. RSCM temperatures are greater than or equal to 420 °C in the Chl zone, 500 °C at the Bt isograd, 525-550 °C for porphyroblast-in isograd, ~550 °C at the And isograd, and 580 °C at the Sil isograd. These results suggest the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition occurs from less than or equal to 420°C to ~560 °C. Thermodynamic modelling shows 0.6 wt. % H2O is released during metamorphism over the ~140 °C interval of the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition. The gradual release of fluid in the biotite zone is interpreted to have broadened the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition compared to other studies that predict a small interval of vigorous fluid release associated with volumetric chlorite consumption. Samples from the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition zone contain lower whole rock and pyrite Au values than samples from unmetamorphosed/lower rocks, suggesting that Au was removed from the rock at conditions below the pyrite-pyrrhotite transition (<420 °C). The chlorite zone and higher-grade metamorphic rocks of the Hyland River area do not appear to be a plausible source region for orogenic gold.
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Simandl, G. J., R. J. D'Souza, S. Paradis, and J. Spence. Rare-earth element content of carbonate minerals in sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits, southern Canadian Rocky Mountains. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328001.

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Paleozoic platform carbonate rocks of the Rocky Mountains host Mississippi Valley-type (MVT), magnesite, barite, and REE-barite-fluorite deposits. Farther west, platform carbonate rocks of the Kootenay Arc host MVT and fracture-controlled replacement (FCR) deposits. This is the first systematic LA-ICP-MS study of carbonates in MVT and FCR deposits. We investigated seven MVT deposits in the Rocky Mountains, and five MVT deposits in the Kootenay Arc. None of the post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS)-normalized REE profiles show light REE (LREE) depletion and strong negative Ce anomalies characteristic of modern seawater: some profiles are nearly flat; others show depletion in LREE similar to seawater but without negative Ce anomalies; others are middle REE enriched. Carbonates with a strong positive Eu anomaly precipitated from or interacted with different fluids than carbonates with flatter profiles without a strong positive Eu anomaly. REE signatures reflect crystallization conditions of primary carbonates, and crystallization and re-equilibration conditions of carbonates with ambient fluids during diagenesis, deep burial, and/or metamorphic recrystallization. Chemical evolution of fluids along their migration path, fluid-to-rock ratio, fluid acidity, redox, and temperature also influence REE profile shape, which helps establish genetic and timing constraints on studied deposits and improves knowledge of the metallogeny of the Kootenay Arc and Rocky Mountains.
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Vlahov, Alexander. А Correlation between Temperature of Metamorphism, XRD Characteristic d002(Å) of Graphite and Semi-graphite and Facies Diagnostics of Metamorphic Rocks. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.03.10.

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Barr, S. M., R. P. Raeside, and R. A. Jamieson. Geological map of the Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks of northern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/130315.

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Regis, D., and D. A. Kellett. 40Ar/39Ar hornblende and biotite cooling ages for metamorphic rocks from the southern Rae Craton, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/311217.

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