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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rocks, Metamorphic'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Nagurney, Alexandra Bobiak. "Microstructural Controls on the Crystallization and Exhumation of Metamorphic Rocks." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103773.

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Microstructural data on the orientation and distribution of minerals can be utilized to better understand the processes controlling mineral crystallization during metamorphism and the extent to which equilibrium versus kinetic factors control the evolution of metamorphic rocks. Four studies in this dissertation address this, finding that: i) garnet crystals crystallize via epitaxial nucleation in which garnet crystallizes by templating on the crystal structure of muscovite; ii) the distribution of grain boundary void space at quartz-quartz and garnet-quartz grain boundaries is a function of the orientation of quartz crystals on either side of the grain boundary. There are more voids, and in some cases larger voids, at grain boundaries in which the a-axis of a neighboring quartz grain is perpendicular to the grain boundary than any other orientation; iii) the chemical potentials of garnet-forming components evolve differently in samples in which garnet growth either significantly or minimally overstepped equilibrium garnet-forming reactions; iv) the southwestern Meguma Terrane, Nova Scotia, experienced peak metamorphic conditions of ~630ºC and 4.0 kbar, likely resulting from regional metamorphism during the Neoacadian orogeny. A case study on the mechanisms controlling garnet crystallization in one Nova Scotian sample reveals that the rate limiting step of garnet crystallization was probably the diffusional transport of Al through the intergranular matrix. Taken together, this work has implications for understanding: i) the properties of grain boundaries in metamorphic rocks and ii) the extent to which equilibrium versus kinetic factors impact metamorphic petrogenesis.
Doctor of Philosophy
A fundamental question in the development of metamorphic rocks, or rocks that form due to changes in pressure and temperature conditions deep in the Earth's mountain belts, is: what controls the crystallization of new minerals? While pressure, temperature, and bulk composition likely play a major role in this, it is also possible that the distribution of reactant minerals and the transport of elements through the rock may also play a role in mineral crystallization. This dissertation explores several projects related to this broad topic. In one example, garnet, an important metamorphic mineral, was found to crystallize by utilizing the atomic structure of another mineral in the rock. This creates a favorable pathway for the crystallization of garnet, which preferentially grows on this 'parent' mineral. Further, the distribution of porosity, or void space, at the interfaces between mineral grains in metamorphic rocks is found to be controlled by the orientation of those minerals. This porosity likely formed when the rocks were exhumed from deep in the Earth towards its surface. Metamorphic rocks can also tell the story of continental plates colliding millions of years ago. In an example from the formation of the Appalachian Mountains ~400 million years ago, a combination of collisional tectonic forces and the heat from magmas in the shallow crust resulted in metamorphic rock, which make up much of southern Nova Scotia today. This work has important implications for understanding: i) porosity in metamorphic rocks and ii) how minerals crystallize during metamorphism.
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2

Huff, Timothy A. "Fluid inclusion evidence for metamorphic fluid evolution in the Black Hills, South Dakota /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421144.

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3

Chan, Heung-ngai. "Igneous and metamorphic rocks from SW Cyprus and NW Syria evidence for Cretaceous microplate collision and subsequent tectonic events in the Eastern Mediterranean /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30711940.

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4

Cui, Xiaojun. "Numerical modeling of reactive fluid flow in the Notch Peak contact metamorphic aureole, Utah /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060092.

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5

NARUK, STEPHEN JOHN. "KINEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MYLONITIC FOLIATION (METAMORPHIC)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184087.

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Geometric analyses of three mylonite zones, including two metamorphic-core-complex SC-mylonite zones, show that the mylonitic foliation surfaces (S-surfaces) are consistently discordant to the margins of the shear zones. Finite-strain analyses show that the foliation surfaces in each zone are consistently oriented parallel to the XY-plane of the finite strain ellipsoid. The shear bands within the mylonites (C-surfaces, C'-surfaces, extensional crenulations, and shear-band cleavages) are uniformly oriented subparallel to the margins of the shear zones. The finite lengths and discontinuous natures of the shear bands require that the displacement along them be accommodated by the S-surfaces at the tips of the shear bands. Thus the S-surface elongations and orientations represent the total bulk rock strain, rather than some minimum measure of inter-C-surface strain. General stress and strain considerations indicate that the shear bands are planes of maximum shear stress, and that they are not only simple-shear slip planes. This interpretation implies that in simple-shear deformation, a single, irrotational set of shear bands will develop parallel to the shear-zone boundaries. In deformations involving significant components of coaxial strain, however, shear bands may develop in other orientations or in conjugate sets and rotate with progressive deformation.
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6

Rougvie, James Russell. "Metamorphism in the northern Park Range of Colorado : fluid-rock interactions and thermobarometry /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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7

Lewerentz, Alexander. "Fluid-induced alteration of metasedimentary rocks in the Scottish Highlands." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146121.

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Fluids, mainly H2O and CO2, are released from H- and C-bearing phases during prograde metamorphism. Because of the buoyancy of these fluids, they rise within the crust towards the surface of the Earth. Metamorphic fluids take advantage of permeable horizons, shear zones, fold hinges, fractures, and are channelled into high-flux zones. Fluid fluxes for channelized fluid flow may exceed background pervasive fluxes by several orders of magnitude. Metamorphic fluids react with the surrounding rock during fluid flow, and altered zones are commonly observed adjacent to high-flux conduits. Fluid-altered rock is texturally, mineralogically, chemically, and isotopically different from rock unaffected by fluid flow. In this thesis, fluid-rock interaction is studied at two localities in the Scottish Highlands: Glen Esk and the Isle of Islay. Glen Esk is one of the type localities used by George Barrow (1853-1932) to propose the concept of metamorphic zones and metamorphic index minerals as an approximate determination of metamorphic grade. In several of the metamorphic zones in Glen Esk, index mineral distribution is highly dependent on proximity to veins. The occurrence of index minerals is therefore not only controlled by pressure and temperature, but also by the availability of metamorphic fluids. Evidence of a retrograde fluid flow event from the North Esk Fault is observed in Glen Esk, for which a time-averaged fluid flux of 0.0003 – 0.0126 m3∙m-2∙yr-1 is calculated. The duration of the fluid event is estimated to between 16 and 334 kyr. On the Isle of Islay, kyanite is observed in rocks of chlorite or lower-biotite metamorphic grade, i.e. much lower temperatures than usually associated with kyanite formation. The favoured explanation for this is retrograde infiltration of extremely high-CO2 fluids, at least locally XCO2 > 0.7, at ~340°C, which altered these rocks and stabilised kyanite in a carbonate-bearing assemblage. Oxygen and carbon stable isotope profiles across the Islay Anticline reveals highly channelized fluid flow along the axial region of this fold, with fluid:rock ratios at least four times higher than in rock farther away from the fold. Although carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of metacarbonate rocks were altered along the Islay Anticline, negative anomalies observed below and above the Port Askaig Tillite Formation cannot solely be attributed to metamorphic fluid flow, which implies that these rocks to varying degree retain their primary paleoclimatological isotopic signatures.
Stora volymer H2O och CO2 frigörs som fluider under prograd metamorfos. Metamorfa fluider har lägre densitet än det omgivande berget, varför de stiger genom jordskorpan mot jordytan. Metamorfa fluider kanaliseras i permabla lager, skjuvzoner, veckaxlar, sprickor och andra högflödeszoner. Kanaliserade fluidflöden kan vara flera storleksordningar högre än bakgrundsvärdet för fluidflöde inom en bergart. Metamorfa fluider reagerar under transport med det omgivande berget och bildar fluidomvandlade zoner i anslutning till högflödeskanaler. Fluidomvandlat berg uppvisar texturella, mineralogiska, kemiska och isotopsammansättningsmässiga skillnader i jämförelse med berg som inte utsatts för fluidomvandling. I denna avhandling behandlas reaktioner mellan fluid och berg som studerats i två lokaler i de skotska högländerna: Glen Esk och Islay. Glen Esk är en av de typlokaler som George Barrow (1853-1932) använde för att lägga fram konceptet om metamorfa zoner och metamorfa indexmineral som används för att ungefärligt uppskatta metamorf grad. I flera av de metamorfa zonerna är förekomsten av indexmineral i hög grad beroende av närhet till kvartsådror, vilket visar att bildandet av indexmineral inte bara styrs av tryck och temperatur, utan också av åtkomst till metamorfa fluider. I Glen Esk finns också spår av ett fluidflöde från North Esk-förkastningen, under retrograda metamorfa förhållanden, för vilket mededfluidflödet över tid uppgår till 0.0003 – 0.0126 m3∙m-2∙år-1. Denna fluidflödeshändelse beräknas ha pågått mellan 16 000 och 334 000 år. På ön Islay i de sydvästra högländerna återfinns bergarter, som trots sin låga metamorfa grad i klorit- eller biotitzonen innehåller mineralet kyanit, dvs. temperaturer långt under vad som vanligen associeras med kyanitbildning. Detta förklaras med infiltration av fluider med extremt hög CO2-halt, åtminstone lokalt så högt som XCO2 > 0.7, vid ca. 340°C. Fluidomvandling av dessa bergarter stabiliserade kyanit tillsammans med karbonatmineral. Syre- och kolisotopprofiler över Islayantiklinen påvisar hög kanalisering av fluider längs dess veckaxeln. Förhållandet mellan fluid och berg var mer än fyra gånger så högt i närheten av veckaxeln jämfört lokaler längre ifrån densamma. Påverkan av metakarbonatbergarters isotopförhållanden har skett längs Islayantiklinen, men fluidpåverkan kan inte ensamt förklara de isotopanomalier som observerats under och ovan Port Askaig-tilliten, varför dessa bergarter kan ha bibehållit sin primära paleoklimatologiska isotopsignatur.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript.

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8

Mawby, Joanna. "Metamorphic and geochronologic constraints on Palaeozoic tectonism in the eastern Arunta Inlier." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm462.pdf.

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Appendix 4 and 5 in pocket on back cover. Bibliography: p. 123-130. The isotopic data indicates the Harts Range Metamorphic Complex formed within a previously unrecognized intracratonic tectonic province in Central Australia
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9

Strowbridge, Susan Leah. "Metamorphic evolution of anatectic metapelites from the Gabriel high strain zone, Grenville Province /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2005. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,62592.

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10

Pressler, Rebecca E. "An integrated petrofabric study of the high-pressure Orlica-Śnieźnik Complex, Czech Republic and Poland." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1149180445.

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11

Standley, Carl E. "Banda forearc metamorphic rocks accreted to the Australian continental margin : detailed analysis of the Lolotoi Complex of East Timor /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1696.pdf.

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12

Carswell, Dennis Anthony. "Petrology, whole rock and mineral chemistry, thermobarometry and interpretation of high pressure metamorphic rocks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27764.

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13

Baker, Andrew James. "Metamorphic studies in the Scottish Highlands." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0000df07-a390-4b43-af48-31f04ba628ec.

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Conditions of 8kb and 800°C are estimated for sillimanite K feldspar bearing metapelites and garnet-clinopyroxene bearing amnphibolites in Glen Muick. These conditions are inconsistent with the simultaneous nearby presence of equilibrium between andalusite and kyanite. Andalusite in the Glen Muick area is late. The sillimanite zone may have been in part primary. There is a transition without major structural break between Tay Nappe flat belt and the "Banff Nappe". A dataset has been derived for phases in the system KCMASHCO2. The MHSRK equation of Kerrick and Jacobs (1981) has been used to extract data from mixed devolatilisation equilibria. Heats of formation are in agreement with calorimetrically determined values. Phlogopite equilibria calculated using disordered phlogopite data seem most appropriate to natural metapelite assemblages. Variations in pressure and temperature have been constrained across the Dalradian using various calibrated reactions. Temperatures vary from about 500°C in the low kyanite zone to 800°C in the sillimanite-K feldspar zone and pressures vary from 4kb to 10kb. Pressure estimates are justified on the basis that they are consistent with the aluminosilicate phase diagram. Rocks from the Central Highlands to Glen Clova underwent a decrease in pressure during evolution through peak metamorphic conditions. Amphibolites from the southern Moines show evidence of a former eclogitic assemblage of early Grampian age or earlier. High temperature regional metamorphic rocks lie at high structural levels and are are suggested to be an allochthonous unit, the Banff Nappe of Grampian age. The western margin of the Banff Nappe is marked by a temperature maximum to the immediate east, sharp thermal transitions, a train of metabasites and a high strain zone. It is suggested that emplacement of a Banff Nappe resulted in the deformation and metamorphism of structurally lower rocks.
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14

Guilmette, Carl. "High-P Granulite facies metamorphism from the tibetan plateau and the Himalaya: Metamorphic history and geochemistry of lower crustal and early subduction metamorphic rocks." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27631/27631.pdf.

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15

Walker, James David. "The structure and metamorphic evolution of the High Himalayan Slab in SE Zanskar and NW Lahaul." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc8b8fd3-e155-4f2f-9256-3667c2b31f4f.

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This thesis attempts to unravel the complex thermal and structural history of part of the High Himalayan Slab in NW India and combines reconnaissance-style field structural mapping of an area covering ~10,000 km2 with petrography, microstructural analysis, thermobarometry and geochronology techniques. The results of this work show that the oldest protoliths of the High Himalayan Slab are at least Cambrian in age and that they may have experienced a major pre-Himalayan metamorphism at c.500 Ma. The youngest protoliths are Mesozoic in age (the Tandi Group) and demonstrate that the High Himalayan Slab represents the metamorphosed equivalents of the Tibetan Sedimentary Series. Metamorphism was achieved via substantial crustal shortening and thickening following the India-Asia collision at 50-54 Ma ago. Phase relationships demonstrate that metamorphism was a regional Barrovian-type event associated with the growth of biotite-, garnet-, staurolite-, kyanite- and sillimanite-bearing assemblages in metapelites. Quantitative thermobarometry demonstrates that near-peak conditions of c.6-8 kbar and 550-650°C were attained in the deepest exposed levels. Growth of metamorphic assemblages was underway by at least 30 Ma, as indicated by U-Pb ages of metamorphic monazites. Exhumation of the High Himalayan Slab was achieved through a combination of extensional unroofing along major detachments (namely the Zanskar Shear Zone), thermal doming, thrusting along the Main Central Thrust and surface erosion. Exhumation is closely associated with the growth of sillimanite- and cordierite-bearing assemblages in pelites and the generation and emplacement of crustal melt leucogranites in the upper parts of the slab. U-Pb dating of accessory phases from one of the crustal melt leucogranites (the Gumburanjon leucogranite) constrains its crystallisation and emplacement age at c.21-22 Ma. This is only slightly older than its 40Ar/39Ar muscovite and biotite cooling ages of c.20-21 Ma, which is attributed to the emplacement of the Gumburanjon leucogranite into the immediate footwall of the ZSZ. Field and geochronological data therefore support a strong temporal and spatial relationship between upper crustal melting and extension in a convergent orogen.
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16

Corona, Juan Carlos. "An experimental investigation of the reaction glaucophane + 2 quartz = 2 albite + talc /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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17

Jiang, Yingde, and 蒋映德. "High-grade metamorphic rocks in southern Altai Range, SW Central Asia: their origings, tectonothemal [i.e.tectonothermal] evolution and tectonic implications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752567.

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The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the largest accretionary collage on the Earth, has a complicated and prolonged accretionary history which remains being highly debated. High-grade terranes were previously interpreted as Precambrian micro-continents which played a very important role during the evolution of the CAOB. However, some of their presumed old ages are challenged by recent high-resolution dating results which raise questions on their Precambrian origins. The Chinese Altai and Tseel Terrane in the SW CAOB, two typical high-grade terranes occupy vital structural positions, feature various lithological elements and exhibit complicated deformation-metamorphism patterns, making them key areas in the reconstructing of the evolution of central Asia. However, their origins are not firmly constrained. Paragneisses were considered as Precambrian basements, but yielded detrital zircon ages predominantly between 440 and 580 Ma. The associated granitic gneisses and amphibolite gave crystallization ages at 420-463 Ma. Geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data of paragneisses support that their protoliths may represent significant erosion products of arc rocks that were developed in a subduction environment. This feature is similar with that of the associated low-grade volcanogenic schists which probably represent immature sediments in an active margin. Detrital zircons from the paragneisses and schists show similar age patterns, supporting derivation from similar provenance. Accordingly, our data reveal that these high-grade terranes do not represent Precambrian microcontinents. Moreover, the U-Pb age pattern for the detrital zircons, and some xenocrystic zircons from the associated granitoids, is comparable with the age patterns of the micro-continents and arc terranes in western Mongolia. The predominant zircon population of 440-580 Ma matches the widely distributed granitoids within the Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic terranes in western Mongolia, while the minor Precambrian ages (>540 Ma) resemble those old rocks preserved in the Tuva-Mongolian (TM) block and its adjacent Neoproterozoic arc terranes. These features suggest that detrital and xenocrystic zircons more likely represent the detritus recycled from western Mongolia. Accordingly, the crustal growth of the SW CAOB in the early Paleozoic could be outlined by secular amalgamation of magmatic arcs around a Precambrian micro-continent. In addition, the TM-derived Precambrian zircons are further used to trace the origin of the TM block, which favors that the TM block was possibly rifted from the Indian block in the Neoproterozoic. Further efforts have been made to decipher the controversial tectono-metamorphic history. In the Chinese Altai, U-Pb dating on the metamorphic zircon portions yielded consistent ages of ~390 Ma. Temperature estimations using mineral-pair as well as Ti-in-zircon thermometers revealed high-temperature conditions up to ~720℃. Detailed investigations on the metamorphic rocks in the Tseel area revealed that middle-pressure metamorphic fabrics developed under progressive NNE-SSW convergent setting, possibly at 385-374 Ma. A later low-pressure/high-temperature metamorphic sequence developed during decompression, associated with high-level anatexis at 374-363 Ma. Collectively, our data support that the final amalgamation of North Mongolian Domain on its southern margin occurred at Middle-Late Devonian, and might be immediately followed by the subduction of an active oceanic ridge.
published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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18

Barboza, Scott A. "Anatexis and metamorphism of crustal rocks during magmatic accretion : field and numerical results /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6741.

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19

Weiland, Richard John. "Emplacement of the Irian ophiolite and unroofing of the Ruffaer metamorphic belt of Irian Jaya, Indonesia /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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20

Evans, Lesley Jayne. "Low-grade regional metamorphism of Paleozoic rocks in the Midland Valley of Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15467.

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Low-grade burial metamorphism in the Midland Valley of Scotland, has been investigated with reference to the Silurian sediments and to the Carboniferous volcanics. In the Silurian sediments, facies definitive phyllosilicates are absent. Thin-section examination indicates that cementation was early and despite strong deformation, the lack of cleavage is related to the isotropic dispersal of domains during burial. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction define clay mineral assemblages which characterize the transformation of montmorillonite to illite during burial. Illite crystallinity, bo and conodont alteration, show values consistent with this transformation and are indicative of diagenetic/anchizone conditions. Metamorphism is related to Siluro-Devonian syn-sedimentary burial. Despite tentative links between the Midland Valley and the Southern Uplands during the Llandovery, the relative simplicity of the burial metamorphic sequence in the former region suggests that the Silurian trough became palaeo-geographically distinct. The Carboniferous volcanics have undergone burial metamorphism in the zeolite facies, which occurred once the bulk of the lavas had been extruded, and following burial beneath the Central and Ayrshire Basins. Alteration was dominated by hydrothermal processes and has resulted in the production of early greenstones, later burial metamorphic zones and palaeo-geothermal plumes. Seven zones have been defined upon the distribution of amygdale minerals. Thin-section examination however divides the zeolite facies in the Midland Valley into an upper analcime and a lower laumontite zone. Mineralogical assemblages are conducive with metamorphism at a) Pfluid = 2-4 kb at 200 °C and b) Pfluid = 2 kb at 350-420 °C, for the zeolite zones and the palaeo-geothermal plumes respectively. These values are compatible with burial depth estimates, with homogenization temperatures in fluid inclusions and with calcite-water fractionation temperatures. Water/rock ratios indicate that metamorphism was related to the flow of seawater and meteoric water through the volcanic sequences. Evidence for episodic boiling in fluid inclusions indicates fluid convection occurred, and was related to fracturing associated with a change from a lithostatic to a hydrostatic pressure regime. Seismic pumping was related to fracturing and to renewed magmatic activity in shallow chambers beneath the Midland Valley.
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21

Chan, Heung-ngai, and 陳向毅. "Igneous and metamorphic rocks from SW Cyprus and NW Syria: evidence for Cretaceous microplate collision andsubsequent tectonic events in the Eastern Mediterranean." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30711940.

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22

Yang, Panseok. "Trace element partitioning between coexisting metamorphic minerals and trace element zoning in metamorphic minerals from Gagnon Terrane, western Labrador /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2002. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,35173.

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23

Bailey, David Elliott. "Metamorphic evolution of the crust of south-western Norway : an example from Sognefjord." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9c297189-fe46-4d4d-8821-4fce08d5f5cd.

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It is suggested that the Mafic Units and HS are allochthonous and were emplaced onto the WGR during an early stage of the Caledonian Orogeny. All units, including the Basement Gneisses, have suffered retrogression during a late extensional phase which continued into at least the Middle Devonian.
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Tollefsen, Elin. "Thermal and chemical variations in metamorphic rocks in Nautanen, Gällivare, Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-149643.

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This study focuses on the geology of the Nautanen area. It is part of the SGU-financed project, Metamorphic Map of Sweden, which aims to compile metamorphic data from Sweden and takes the form of a number of Bachelor and Master projects. The main metamorphic event in the Nautanen area is the Svecokarelian Orogeny (1.96 – 1.75 Ga). The samples are metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks, which were intruded by intermediate to mafic intrusions and a later granite intrusion. The supracrustal rocks are folded and the Nautanen Deformation Zone (NDZ) traverses the area in a NW to SE direction. Petrographic studies, XRF analysis and THERMOCALC were used to estimate pressure and temperature and to elucidate evidence of fluid mobility. The average pressure was assumed to be below 4 kbar because of the presence of andalusite. The lowest and highest temperatures for metamorphism were 474±43°C and 681±14°C, with highest temperatures recorded nearest to the granite intrusion. XRF analysis revealed high concentrations of Ba (up to 7000 ppm) in the NDZ. High concentrations of Ba, skarn formation and replacement of garnet by chlorite indicate fluid-controlled metamorphism in the NDZ. The increasing temperature towards the granite intrusion suggests regional or contact prograde metamorphism that need not be related to the NDZ.
Metamorphic Map of Sweden, SGU-project
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25

Bramwell, M. G. "Crystal growth in some metamorphic rocks from the Lukmanier region, Switzerland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372952.

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26

Songul, Gunes. "Archaeometrical Study On Marble Forgery." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614566/index.pdf.

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This thesis focuses on the detection of marble sculpture forgery made of cultured marble. Cultured marble is a mixture of marble dust, polyester and accelerators. Thus chemical analysis of cultured marble would give declined levels of calcium when compared to authentic sculptures. Since sample removal is a problem when dealing with archaeological heritage, the instrument used was portable X-Ray Fluorescence device which provides in situ analysis of the samples. Device has been used to analyze six authentic and four forgery sculptures. Seven of the sculptures were provided by Anatolian Civilizations Museum and three of them were provided by a sculpture workshop, Ak
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Lawrence, Robert William. "The structure and metamorphism of the Irindina supracrustal assemblage on the western side of the Entia Dome, Harts Range, central Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl4225.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1987.
Typescript. Maps in back pocket of v. 1. Microfiches in back pocket of v. 2. Microfiches contain petrographic descriptions, total rock XRF analyses and microprobe analyses. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-183 (v. 2)).
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Herd, Michelle Erica June. "Continental Extensional Tectonics - The Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex of Westland, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1425.

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Cretaceous continental extension was accommodated by the development of the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex, resulting in the separation of New Zealand from Gondwana. High grade (Lower Plate) and low grade (Upper Plate) rocks are separated by the Ohika and Pike Detachment Faults. The two detachment faults have distinctly different histories, with greater exhumation along the Pike Detachment Fault. The onset of crustal extension is proposed to have commenced along the Pike Detachment Fault at 116.2 ± 5.9 Ma (Rb/Sr dating). Both geochemical and geochronological approaches are adopted for this thesis, through the in situ analysis of oxygen and hafnium isotope ratios, trace metals and U-Pb content. Chemical changes are tracked during the petrogenesis of the Buckland Granite, with mafic replenishment observed in the later stages of crystallisation. Crystallisation temperatures of the Buckland Granite are calculated using zircon saturation thermometry, with an average Ti-in-zircon temperature of 697℃ (upper-amphibolite facies). Inherited zircons in Lower Plate rocks show distinct age peaks at c. 1000, 600 and 300 Ma, illustrating the incorporation of heterogeneous local crust (Greenland Group and Karamea Batholith). Model ages (TDM) are calculated for inherited zircons of the Lower Plate rocks, which record the time at which magma bodies (zircon host rocks) were extracted from the mantle. Maximum and minimum model ages for the Buckland Granite average at 3410 Ma and 2969 Ma, with the maximum TDM value of 3410 Ma coinciding with the proposed major crustal formation event of the Gondwana supercontinent at c. 3.4-3.5 Ga. Two distinct U-Pb zircon age peaks are observed in the Buckland Granite at 102.4 ± 0.7 and 110.3 ± 0.9 Ma. The 110.3 ± 0.9 Ma age is interpreted as the crystallisation age of the pluton, while the 102.4 ± 0.7 is proposed to represent a younger thermal (magmatic?) event associated with the 101-102 Ma Stitts Tuff.
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Bowman, Dannena Renee Steltenpohl Mark G. "Exhumation history of Caledonia eclogites in Liverpool Land, East Greenland, and comparisons with eclogites in Norway." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Geology_and_Geography/Thesis/Bowman_Dannena_35.pdf.

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30

McDonald, Wayne M. Hames W. "⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of muscovite from the western Blue Ridge and Talladega belt, Georgia and North Carolina." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Geology_and_Geography/Thesis/Mcdonald_Wayne_42.pdf.

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31

Haney, Erin Marie. "Pressure-temperature evolution of metapelites within the Anaconda metamorphic core complex, southwestern Montana." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-07252008-111800/.

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32

Tam, Pui-yuk, and 譚佩玉. "Ages and tectonic nature of the high-pressure metamorphosed pelitic and mafic rocks in eastern Shandong, North China Craton." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49799526.

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The Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt (JLJB) is a NNE-SSW trending continental belt lying in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton, with its southern segment extending across Bohai Sea into the Jiaobei massif. Little work has been done in the southern segment of the belt, and thus the timing for metamorphism and tectonic nature of the JLJB are still controversial, with models ranging from those invoking continent-arc-continent collision to those advocating rifting closure. The presence of the high-pressure pelitic and mafic rocks of the Jiaobei massif (Eastern Shandong) located in the southern segment is crucial to these controversial isues. The aim of this study is to resolve these issues through an integrated study including field study followed by geochronological and metamorphic investigations on the high-pressure pelitic and mafic rocks in the Jiaobei massif. Metamorphic zircons from two high-pressure mafic granulites and one metamorphic zircon from a garnet-sillimanite gneiss have 207Pb/206Pb ages of 1884–1956 Ma and 1939 ± 15 Ma respectively, which are in accordance with the metamorphic ages of 1.93–1.90 Ga previously obtained from the northern segment of the JLJB. Metamorphic zircons from a high-pressure pelitic granulite and two politic gneisses have weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb ages of 1821–1837 Ma, while those zircons from two associated marbles analyze similar weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb ages of 1790–1817 Ma. These metamorphic ages are consistent with the metamorphic ages of c. 1.85 Ga produced from the Ji’an Group in the northern segment of the JLJB and 1.86-1.80 Ga produced from the high-pressure pelitic granulites of the Jingshan Group in the southern segment of the belt. As this metamorphic event happened synchronously with the intrusion of the A-type granites in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt and adjacent regions, it is considered to have resulted from the contact metamorphism caused by the emplacement of the post-orogenic or anorogenic mafic and granitic plutons that are widespread in the belt. The high-pressure pelitic granulites recently discovered in the Jiaobei massif, and the medium-pressure pelitic granulites and high-pressure mafic granulites, were examined with an integrated study including petrology, mineral chemistry and pseudosection modeling. By applying the THERMOCALC technique, pseudosection modeling on the high-pressure and medium-pressure pelitic granulites in the NCKFMASHTO system and on the high-pressure mafic granulites in the NCFMASHTO system was constructed to confine the P-T conditions and P-T paths. The results show that the peak P-T conditions of the high-pressure pelitic granulites, high-pressure mafic granulites and medium-pressure pelitic granulites are 14.8–16.2 kbar/860–890°C, 13.1–15.1 kbar/780–890°C and 9.4–10 kbar/870–900°C, respectively, and that the metamorphic evolution of all these granulites is characterized by clockwise P-T paths involving decompression and cooling after the peak metamorphism, implying that subduction/collision-related processes must have been involved in the development of the southern segment of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt. By combining the geochronological and metamorphic data, the results of this study suggest that the JLJB represented a Paleoproterozoic rift-and-collision belt along which the Longgang and Nangrim blocks amalgamated to form the Eastern Block at 1.93–1.90 Ga.
published_or_final_version
Earth Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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33

Labadie, Julia E. Schermer Elizabeth. "The structural and tectonic history of the Mt. Formidable region, North Cascades, Washington /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=333&CISOBOX=1&REC=14.

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34

Miller, Martin Gregg. "Structural and kinematic evolution of the Badwater Turtleback, Death Valley, California /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6716.

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35

Zack, Thomas. "Trace element mineral analysis in high pressure metamorphic rocks from Trescolmen, Central Alps." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963753924.

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36

Dean, Andrew. "Upper Palaeozoic palynomorphs from the low grade metamorphic rocks of Devon and Cornwall." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303917.

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37

Moore, John Michael. "A comparative study of metamorphosed supracrustal rocks from the western Namaqualand metamorphic complex." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22585.

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Bibliography: pages 346-370.
A regional study of highly metamorphosed supracrustal rocks was undertaken in the western portions of the Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex. The study area was essentially restricted to a north-south section some 50 kilometres wide and 220 kilometres long. Eight east-west-trending belts of supracrustal rocks were examined, together with several smaller paragneiss remnants, in an area dominated by quartzo-feldspathic gneisses of granitic composition. The supracrustal rocks were classified into seven major lithological groups: quartzitic rocks, metapelitic and metapsammitic rocks, quartzo feldspathic rocks, metabasites, metacarbonate rocks, magnesium-rich cordierite rocks and iron formations. Further subdivision, based on variations in mineral constituents within each group, also occurred, as well as the presence of lithologies with compositions transitional between certain groups. The various supracrustal sequences were subdivided into formations containing minor distinctive members on an informal lithostratigraphic basis. Correlation between the major supracrustal belts was then undertaken. Four subgroups were identified across the study area, comprising a quartzo feldspathic gneiss subgroup and an overlying feldspathic quartzite/garnetcordierite gneiss subgroup that both predominate in the southern and central part of the area, a glassy quartzite/mica- sillimanite schist subgroup that predominates in the northern part, and a cordierite gneiss/metacarbonate subgroup that is restricted to the Geselskapbank synform. The supracrustal rocks appear to have been emplaced on a basement of augen gneisses. This relationship is, however, complicated by the intrusion of granit i c rocks within the contact zone.
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38

Sigler, Joshua T. "The metamorphic and structural evolution of the Davis Peak area, northern Park Range, Colorado." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1798480831&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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39

Kassos, Gabriel Philip Steltenpohl Mark G. "Structural, isotropic, and kinematic analysis of eclogite-facies shear zones and associated structures, Lofoten, North Norway." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Geology_and_Geography/Thesis/Kassos_Gabriel_39.pdf.

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40

Layfield, Nathan Timothy Hames W. "Permian to Cretaceous evolution of the Piedmont along the Alabama - Georgia coastal plain unconformity." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1731.

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41

Holness, Marian Barbara. "Experimental and petrological studies of textural equilibrium and fluid flow in metacarbonate rocks : the Beinn an Dubhaich Aureole, Skye." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385419.

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42

Baars, Franciscus Jacobus, and Franciscus Jacobus Baars. "Geologic and petrologic evidence for granulite facies partial melting in the Garies-Platbakkies supracrustal gneiss belt, Namaqualand metamorphic complex, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23148.

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The Namaqua Province of southwestern Africa is comprised of a number of distinct tectonostratigraphic subprovinces and terranes, which have in common a 1100-1200Ma structural and metamorphic imprint. In the western Bushmanland Subprovince, E-Wtrending belts of supracrustal gneisses are intruded by and infolded with granitic gneisses of varying ages. A central zone of rocks metamorphosed in the granulite facies is bordered to the north and south by amphibolite facies rocks. A portion of the Garies-Platbakkies supracrustal gneiss belt has been mapped on a 1:15 000 scale. The supracrustal succession was deposited on an unconfirmed basement. It is structurally juxtaposed and infolded with three different granitic augen gneisses. Large bodies of orthopyroxene-bearing granite are syntectonically emplaced in the succession. A wide variety of anatectic granites crop out as sills, dykes and pods varying in size between a few metres and a few hundred metres. These bodies commonly truncate pre-existing foliations. The metamorphosed supracrustal succession contains gneissic equivalents of felsic, mafic and intermediate volanics; pelitic, semi-pelitic, magnesian and granitic composition sediments; feldspathic quartzites; and subordinate quartzites, banded iron formation and calc-silicates. The mineral assemblages of all the rocks indicate metamorphism in the granulite facies. A variety of field evidence exists which suggests that the metamorphic peak was responsible for generating significant quantities of partial melt. The rocks of the study area contain an early Dl fabric. This is refolded in tight, E-plunging D2 crenulation folds. D2 mineral fabrics pre-date the metamorphic peak. D3 open, asymmetric folds are N-vergent and fold the crystalline products partial melting. The southern limbs of D3-folds are attenuated in 04 shear zones. The whole belt is cut by steep, N-S-trending faults. A wide variety of thermobarometers are tested for their applicability to mineral assemblages in the supracrustal rocks. The results of this application suggest that the metamorphic peak occurred at 780 ± 30°C and 5.0 ± 0.4 kbar. Assemblages in shear zones indicate an isobaric retrograde cooling path. The phase relations of melting near the solidus are reviewed with reference to common assemblages in the leucosomes of rocks with granitic and peraluminous bulk compositions. Isobaric T-a(H₂O) sections are constructed from available experimental and thermochemical data. Biotite dehydration and dehydration melting reactions are balanced using natural mineral compositions. The predicted results are compared with the modal abundances of natural product assemblages. The results suggest that dehydration melting was responsible for migmatization, and the consequent reduction of water activity. The amount of melt produced was controlled by the amount of water available from the dehydration of biotite. There is no evidence for the control of water activity by an external fluid reservoir. Limited amounts of water-undersaturated melts were extracted from their sites of generation. This process was responsible for the depletion of some leucosome assemblages with respect to K₂O, H₂O and in peraluminous rocks Na₂O. The partial melts were emplaced locally in developing shear zones.
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43

Parkinson, Christopher David. "The petrology, structure and geologic history of the metamorphic rocks of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361396.

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44

Dransfield, Malcolm. "Extensional exhumation of high-grade metamorphic rocks in western Norway and the Zanskar Himalaya." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387017.

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Tadesse, Tarekegn. "A stratigraphic, structural and metamorphic analysis of Dalradian Rocks west of Ballater, northeast Scotland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241492.

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46

Buchanan, John Wesley Steltenpohl Mark G. "Tectonic evolution of a Caledonian-aged continental basement eclogite terrane in Liverpool Land, East Greenland." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Geology_and_Geography/Thesis/Buchanan_John_21.pdf.

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47

Kleine, Barbara. "How do fluids move through rocks? : High fluxes of CO2 in the Earth's crust." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-84007.

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Metamorphic hydrous, CO2-bearing fluids play a critical role in the global carbon cycle. However, how big this influence is on the global carbon cycle and therefore on global climatic processes, is unknown. The actual amount of CO2 which is released into the atmosphere due to metamorphic processes is still debated. For this purpose, fluid-driven reactions in metamorphic rocks must be studied by tracking fluid-rock interactions along pathways of ancient fluids. In the study presented in this thesis, we study fluid-rock interaction in the southeastern part of the Greek island Syros in the Cycladic Archipelago (Aegean). On Syros fluid-rock interaction is recorded by the preservation of blueschist facies assemblages at greenschist facies conditions along a normal shear zone. Blueschist preservation is caused by a combination of metasomatic addition of SiO2 and Na2O and elevated XCO2 which is maintained by high fluxes of a CO2-bearing, hydrous fluid along the shear zone. This research aims to provide a better understanding of the role of mountain building in the carbon cycle. Flux estimates for climate-forcing fluid components (e.g. carbon) require that their concentration in the fluid, fluid volumes and velocities are known. This will be the focus of future work. Further, whole rock chemistry and the availability of specific minerals will be studied to achieve knowledge about which kind of parameters influence and enhance the propagation of fluids through rocks.
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48

Evans, Thomas P. "The proterozoic metamorphic evolution of rocks exposed in the White Range Nappe, Central Australia : polymetamorphism and an unconformity in the Southern Strangways metamorphic complex /." Adelaide, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbe92.pdf.

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49

Lalonde, André E. "The intrusive rocks of the Hepburn metamorphic-plutonic zone of the central Wopmay Orogen, N.W.T. /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=76906.

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50

Bugdaycioglu, Cagri. "Tectono-metamorphic Evolution Of The Northern Menderes Massif: Evidence From The Horst Between Gordes And Demirci Basins (west Anatolia, Turkey)." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605378/index.pdf.

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The Menderes Massif forms a large metamorphic culmination in western Turkey &
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an extensional province where continental lithosphere has been stretching following Palaeogene crustal thickening. Northern sector of the Massif on the horst between Gö
rdes and Demirci Basins was chosen for structural analysis aimed to study the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the northern Menderes Massif. Within the study area, four groups of rocks are recognized: (1) the metamorphic rocks &
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orthogneisses and metasediments
(2) pegmatoids
(3) Neogene sedimentary rocks
and (4) Quaternary alluvial sediments. The tectono-metamorphic history of the region involves a regional metamorphism (M1) at upper-amphibolite-facies conditions, coeval with a top-tothe-NNE contractional D1 deformation during the northward backthrusting of Lycian Nappes (Eocene main Menderes metamorphism). Partial anatexis during the latest stages of the M1 was speculated to be the main mechanism for the formation of the migmatites and the granitic magma. Pegmatoid domes and dikes/sills formed during late increments of this phase. A second metamorphism (M2) and coeval top-to-the-NNE deformation (D2) took place during the Early Miocene exhumation of the metamorphic rocks along a presently low-angle normal fault in an extensional shear zone at presumably greenschist facies conditions during declining P-T conditions. The latest deformation phase (D3) is high-angle normal faulting due to N&
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S extension affecting western Anatolia. The E&
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W grabens dissecting the Massif into northern, central and southern submassifs are the result of this phase, commenced during Pliocene-Pleistocene and gave the western Anatolia much of its present-day shape. The evidence presented supports the idea of episodic two-stage extension in western Turkey.
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