Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rod Fracture

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rod Fracture'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rod Fracture"

1

Han, Sang-Hyun, Seung-Jae Hyun, Tae-Ahn Jahng, and Ki-Jeong Kim. "Posterior osteosynthesis of a spontaneous bilateral pedicle fracture of the lumbar spine." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 24, no. 3 (March 2016): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.7.spine141207.

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Spontaneous bilateral pedicle fractures of the lumbar spine are rare, and an optimal surgical treatment has not been suggested. The authors report the case of a 50-year-old woman who presented with low-back pain and right leg radiating pain of 1 year’s duration. Radiological studies revealed a spontaneous bilateral pedicle fracture of L-5. All efforts at conservative treatment failed, and the patient underwent surgery for osteosynthesis of the fractured pedicle using bilateral pedicle screws connected with a bent rod. Her low-back and right leg pain were relieved postoperatively. A CT scan performed 3 months postoperatively revealed the disappearance of the pedicle fracture gap and presence of newly formed bony trabeculation. In rare cases of spontaneous bilateral pedicle fracture of the lumbar spine, osteosynthesis of the fractured pedicle using bilateral pedicle screws and a bent rod is a motion-preserving technique that may be an effective option when conservative management has failed.
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2

Li, Yishu, Zhonghua Huang, Anshun Shi, Xiangqun Xu, Sanmin Shen, and Han Liu. "Deformation and Fracture Failure of a High-Speed Long Rod Intercepted by Linear Explosively Formed Penetrators Sequence." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 5086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225086.

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The fracture failure of a high-speed long rod has historically been a challenge. Since the flying plate and flying rod have a relatively low velocity, it is challenging to achieve a multi-stage fracture of the high-speed long rod within the range of existing technology. In this paper, the linear explosively formed penetrators (LEFPs) sequence with a stable flight velocity of 850 m/s were used to cut a high-speed long rod. We investigated the deformation and fracture of Φ10 mm tungsten alloy long rods having different length-diameter ratios (20, 26, 35) and different speeds (1200, 1400, 1600 m/s) by employing the LEFPs sequence with different spacings (0–40 mm) and different interception angles (30°, 60°). In the meantime, the fractured rods movement pattern was recorded with a high-speed camera to elucidate the change law of the length, speed, linear momentum, and angular momentum of fractured rods. It was found that the length loss rate of the fractured rods is as high as 27%. The fractured rods rotated around the center of mass, and the vertical speed change could reach up to 18% of the muzzle velocity of the long rod, and the greatest reduction of horizontal speed and momentum could reach 37%. The longer the interaction time between LEFPs sequence and the long rod, the more beneficial the failure of the long rod. The application of LEFPs sequence solved the difficult problem of disabling the high-speed long rod, and the quantitative analysis of the fracture failure of the long rod had an important sense for studying the terminal penetration effect of the fractured rods.
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Hulse, D. A., S. C. Kerwin, W. B. Saunders, and T. H. Witsberger. "Minimally invasive application of a radial plate following placement of an ulnar rod in treating antebrachial fractures." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 23, no. 06 (2010): 459–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-10-01-0001.

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Summary Objective: To describe a surgical technique for placement of a minimally invasive radial plate following application of an ulnar rod (MIPR) for treatment of antebrachial fractures. Methods: Medical records (November 2005-June 2009) were searched to identify dogs with diaphyseal radius and ulna fractures stabilised by MIPR. Data retrieved included signalment, weight, limb affected, cause of injury, open versus closed fracture, number of fragments, implant size, number of screws used and cortices engaged, number of open screw holes, operative time, rod removal, complications and time to radio-graphic healing. To be included, dogs had to have evidence of radiographic healing during follow-up. Results: Eight dogs with diaphyseal radius and ulna fractures treated with MIPR were included in the case series. All fractures were due to trauma and two fractures were open (grade 1). Rod loosening and osteomyelitis of the ulna occurred in one case which subsequently resolved with rod removal. Healing occurred in all cases with no implant failures. Median time to radiographic union was 10.5 weeks (mean ± SD = 17 ± 15 weeks range 4–52 weeks). Clinical relevance: Use of MIPR constructs on diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna is an effective technique for managing these fractures using principles of biological osteo-synthesis. An intramedullary rod in the ulna assists with fracture reduction and stabilisation and rod removal is recommended once fracture healing has occurred.
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Adogwa, Owoicho, Jacob M. Buchowski, Lawrence G. Lenke, Maksim A. Shlykov, Mostafa El Dafrawy, Thamrong Lertudomphonwanit, Mitchel R. Obey, Jonathan Koscso, Munish C. Gupta, and Keith H. Bridwell. "Comparison of rod fracture rates in long spinal deformity constructs after transforaminal versus anterior lumbar interbody fusions: a single-institution analysis." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 32, no. 1 (January 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.7.spine19630.

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OBJECTIVEPseudarthrosis is a common complication of long-segment fusions after surgery for correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD). Interbody fusions are frequently used at the caudal levels of long-segment spinal deformity constructs as adjuncts for anterior column support. There is a paucity of literature comparing rod fracture rates (proxy for pseudarthrosis) in patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) versus anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) at the caudal levels of the long spinal deformity construct. In this study the authors sought to compare rod fracture rates in patients undergoing surgery for correction of ASD with TLIF versus ALIF at the caudal levels of long spinal deformity constructs.METHODSWe reviewed clinical records of patients who underwent surgery for correction of ASD between 2008 and 2014 at a single institution. Data including demographics, comorbidities, and indications for surgery, as well as postoperative variables, were collected for each patient. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patients were dichotomized into two groups for comparison on the basis of undergoing a TLIF versus an ALIF procedure at the caudal levels of long spinal deformity constructs. The primary outcome of interest was the rate of rod fractures.RESULTSA total of 198 patients (TLIF 133 patients; ALIF 65 patients) underwent a long-segment fusion to the sacrum with iliac fixation. The mean ± standard deviation follow-up period was 62.23 ± 29.26 months. Baseline demographic variables were similar in both patient groups. There were no significant differences between groups in the severity of the baseline sagittal plane deformity (i.e., baseline lumbar-pelvic parameters) or the final deformity correction achieved. Mean total recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) dose for L1–sacrum fusion was significantly higher in the ALIF (100 mg) than in the TLIF (62 mg) group. The overall rod failure rate (cases with rod fracture/total cases) within this case series was 19.19% (38/198); 10.60% (21/198) were unilateral rod fractures and 8.58% (17/198) were bilateral rod fractures. At last clinical follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in bilateral rod fracture rates between the group of patients who had a TLIF procedure and the group who had an ALIF procedure at the caudal levels of the long spinal deformity constructs (TLIF 10.52% vs ALIF 4.61%, p = 0.11). However, the incidence rate (cases per patient follow-up years) for bilateral rod fractures was significantly higher in the TLIF than in the ALIF cohort (TLIF 2.20% vs ALIF 0.70%, p < 0.0001). The reoperation rate for rod fractures was similar between the patient groups (p = 0.40).CONCLUSIONSAlthough both ALIF and TLIF procedures at the caudal levels of long spinal deformity constructs achieved similar and satisfactory deformity correction, ALIFs were associated with a lower rod fracture incidence rate. There were no differences between groups in the prevalence of rod fracture or revision surgery, however, and both groups had low bilateral rod fracture prevalence and incidence rates. One technique is not clearly superior to the other.
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Wang, Wei Zhang, and Hai Wen Wang. "Research on Fracturing Mechanism of Ground-Drive Screw Pump Polish Rod." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1671.

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In addition to vertical pulling force, the ground-drive screw pump oil recovery rod also stands twisting moment and bending moment. The diameter of the polish rod is generally larger than that of the pumping rod, and it stands a bit less stress than the pumping rod close to it, and the polish rod is generally made of relatively better materials. In practice, however, the polish rod fractures more often than the pumping rod above. This thesis considers that if the driving head deflects, the upper and the lower polish rods of the packing set are not in the same axial line, and bending moment will come into being in the polish rod of the lower part of the packing set due to the restriction of the polish rod by the packing set. Alternating stress caused by bending moment yields fatigue rupture of the polish rod during its rotation. This verdict is confirmed by the fracture position, the shape of the fractured surface, and quantitative calculation. This thesis proposes strict controlling of the deflection of the driving head by means of polish rod verticality survey instrument. Both theory and practice have proved that this method can effectively avoid fatigue rupture of the polish rod.
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Shi, Zhou, and Shuqing Kou. "Study on Fracture-Split Performance of 36MnVS4 and Analysis of Fracture-Split Easily-Induced Defects." Metals 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8090696.

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The material 36MnVS4 is the second generation of connecting rod fracture-split material. However, it generates more quality defects during the fracture-split process. To investigate the causes of defects that occurred, the material properties and fracture-split performance of the 36MnVS4 are researched and compared with C70S6. The fracture-split easily-induced defects are also analyzed. By finite element simulation and experimental analysis, the results show that the 36MnVS4 has lower carbon content and more ferrite, therefore the fracture surface of the 36MnVS4 connecting rod is more prone to tears and the plastic deformation range is greater. The fracture speed of the 36MnVS4 connecting rod is 20% lower than that of the C70S6 connecting rod. The slower fracture separation rate increases the possibility of defects generation. The crack initiation position of the 36MnVS4 connecting rod is random, scattered, and unstable, and the 36MnVS4 has higher gap sensitivity. Therefore, the 36MnVS4 connecting rod is more prone to produce quality defects in the fracture-split process. By changing the cross-section design, the outer edge of the joint surface is changed to arc-shaped, which can improve the fracture-split process of the 36MnVS4 connecting rod and reduce the processing defects.
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Matis, U., and K. Zahn. "The clamp rod internal fixator application and results in 120 small animal fracture patients." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 17, no. 03 (2004): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632808.

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SummaryThe clamp rod internal fixator (CRIF), also known as VetFix, consists of clamps that are slid onto a rod and fixed to the bone with screws. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the results of using the CRIF in 50 canine and 70 feline patients with closed (n = 93) and open (n = 10) transverse, oblique and comminuted fractures of the femur, tibia, humerus, acetabulum, radius, scapula and ulna. Fourteen further fractures were non-unions. In addition, the CRIF was used to repair three fracture-luxations of the spine. Fracture fixation was performed by application of one or two CRIF devices with 2.0, 2.7 or 3.5 mm cortical screws, using AO osteosynthesis instrumentation. Forty-five dogs and 55 cats were re-evaluated clinically and radiographically after an average of five months. Uneventful fracture healing occurred in 75 of these patients. In ten cases, follow-up was only available until six weeks post-surgery at which time fracture healing was incomplete. Of the total of 15 complications, five were resolved by exercise restriction alone, while the CRIF had to be replaced in six other patients. One cat with a spinal fracture-luxation was euthanized due to deterioration of neurological status. Three animals were unavailable for further follow-up. With the inclusion of both uneventful and complicated fracture healing, 86/90 patients ultimately achieved complete fracture healing. Our results suggest that the CRIF system can be used successfully to treat a great variety of fractures in dogs and cats.
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Panteleyev, A. A., S. P. Mironov, K. M. Buhtin, M. L. Sazhnev, A. I. Kazmin, V. S. Pereverzev, and S. V. Kolesov. "ЕFFECTIVENESS OF FOUR-ROD FIXATION FOR PEDICLE SUBTRACTION SPINAL OSTEOTOMY." Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia 24, no. 3 (October 7, 2018): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2018-24-3-65-73.

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Introduction.Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) provides for significant segmental correction of the sagittalbalance of the spine. At the same time, the technique is associated with a high risk of complications, with rod fracture at the osteotomy site being the most common. The purposeof this study — to assess the effectiveness of four-rod fixation compared to literature data on standardtwo-rod fixation in patients undergoing PSO. Materials and Methods.The study is a retrospective analysis of 47 consecutive patients with rigid spinaldeformities, who underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy at the lumbar level. The average age of the patients (33 females and 14 males) was 59.7 years. In all cases spinal fixation carried out using a four-rod construct with additional short rods at the osteotomy site. The minimal postoperative follow-up was 2 years. A detailed analysis of the radiographic data was carried out with calculation of the global sagittal balance and spinopelvic parameters. A detailed assessment of complications in the early and late postoperative periods was also performed. After an exhaustive review of literature, a comparative analysis was made of the four-rod fixation technique with current literature data on the frequency of complications (in particular, rod fractures in the osteotomy zone) after two-rod fixation. Results.In all cases the osteotomy was performed at one level, most often at L3 (49%). The average length offixation was 9.8 segments. The average angle of segmental correction was 27.1°. In most cases, it was possible to achieve adequate correction of spinopelvic parameters. Among complications, bone resorption around screws was most prevalent (23.4% of cases). Proximal junctional kyphosis occurred in 12.8% of cases, neurologic deficit — in 14.9% of cases, infectious complications — in 10.6% cases. Asymptomatic pseudarthrosis, confirmed by CT data, was observed in 12.8% of patients. Rod fracture at the PSO site and adjacent segments was not observed in any of the cases. Rod fractures of other localization were observed in 10.6% of patients. Conclusion. According to the literature, the frequency of rod fractures at the osteotomy site is the most frequentcomplication of PSO. The results of this study showed that four-rod fixation in PSO significantly reduces the incidence of pseudarthrosis and rod fracture rate in the long-term follow-up and provides greater control over the process of osteotomy closure.
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Moon, MS, WT Choi, YW Moon, YS Kim, and JL Moon. "Stabilisation of Fractured Thoracic and Lumbar Spine with Cotrel-Dubousset Instrument." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 11, no. 1 (June 2003): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/230949900301100113.

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Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of 2 different types of Cotrel-Dubousset instrument systems in stabilising thoracolumbar and lumbar spine fractures. Methods. Between January 1989 and December 1993, 45 fractures in 42 patients with unstable fracture or fracture dislocation of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spines were randomly assigned to 2 surgical treatments with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation—using either a long segment (Group 1) or a short segment (Group 2)—and short posterolateral fusion. Results. Consolidation of the fractured vertebral body and posterolateral fusion were achieved at a mean time of 4.5 months; fusion rates were 75% in Group 1 and 83% in Group 2. The average collapses of anterior vertebral body height in Group 1, in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up, were 15% and 17%, respectively; and in Group 2, the figures were 16% and 24%, respectively. The correction of vertebral height and kyphosis at the last follow-up were lost more in Group 2 (5.7°) than in Group 1 (4.4°). There were neurological recoveries in 6 of the 9 cases of incomplete paraplegics, including complete recovery in 5, and one-Frankel grade increase in one. There were 15 instrument failures in 12 patients, including screw breakage in 3 Group 1 cases and 6 Group 2 cases. The plug dislodged in 3 Group 1 cases, and the hook dislodged in 3 Group 2 cases. In other words, instrument failures were more common in Group 2. Conclusion. Cotrel-Dubousset stabilisation of the fractured spine achieves fracture consolidation, but does not maintain the restored height and sagittal curve completely until fusion. The long rod and short fusion construct was more effective for all fracture types than was the short rod and fusion construct, although it leads to wider immobilisation of normal segments.
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Liu, Tian Ming, Wen Xu, and Wei Dong Feng. "Research on the Fracture Splitting Technology of Connecting Rod Based on Car TSI Engine." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.631.

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The research of the expanding broken technology of engine connecting rod (also known as the fracture splitting technology) is based on some known factors which effect on connecting rod splitting to make comprehensive analysis on 36MnVS4, the material of connecting rod which is suitable for the fracture splitting technology, it analyses the effect of each chemical composition in steel on mechanical and physical properties, for material steel of new type fracture splitting connecting rod , and makes a theoretical analysis on the fracture splitting technology of the engine connecting rod. Through the analysis and research, a new method to research the fracture splitting of connecting rod is determined, as well as gets some rules to affect process parameter.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rod Fracture"

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Morris, Mark Ian. "Deformation and flow of highly concentrated rod systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279750.

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Nickoletopoulos, Nicholas. "Physical and numerical modeling of steel wire rod fracture during upsetting for cold heading operations." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37796.

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A comprehensive methodology to physically and numerically model upsetting in cold heading was developed.
The physical model was a Drop Weight Test with a guided pocket-die set capable of approximating industrial cold heading conditions. The results show that the test is sensitive to the critical parameters for cold heading. These include surface quality, residual element level, nitrogen content, microstructure, decarburization, and specimen geometry. The test is capable of assessing the fracture behavior of cold heading materials.
One goal of the study was to reveal differences in fracture behavior with varying steel sources. Accordingly, the matrix of test materials consisted of grade 1038 steels from three different steel sources.
Material preparation and conditioning of test materials approximated industrial procedures for cold heading materials. These procedures included hot rolling, controlled rod cooling, descaling, straightening, lime coating and lubricating, and wire drawing. Spheroidization of test specimens was performed in an industrial batch furnace using an industrial heat treatment cycle.
A finite element program (FEM) enabled the simulation of upsetting in cold heading. The inputs required to model the cold heading process include flow stress behavior and friction conditions representative of cold heading. These inputs were obtained using the CANMET Cam Plastometer and the Friction Ring Test.
The Cockcroft and Latham fracture constants for an as-rolled and a spheroidize annealed 1038 material were computed by FEM modeling and the critical values were calibrated using the Drop Weight Test. The fracture criterion constant was found to be independent of strain path for upsetting in cold heading and thus is material-related.
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Seyed, Vosoughi Ardalan. "Mitigating the Biomechanical Complications Following Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy: A Finite Element Analysis." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1503598742789914.

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ALY, OMAR F. "Modelagem da fratura por corrosão sob tensão nos bocais do mecânismo de acionamento das barras de controle de reator de água pressurizada." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11418.

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Hand, R. J. "Impact and fracture properties of infra-red and optical transmitting materials." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233087.

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The liquid impact properties of a range of infra-red and optical transmitting materials have been investigated using the liquid jet impact technique. In particular the effects of temperature and pre-existing stress fields on the liquid impact performance of certain materials have been examined. Consideration of these aspects of liquid impact has been supplemented by measurements of related fracture properties. The correlation between liquid jet impact and liquid drop impact has been re-examined for normal impact by comparing impacts on perspex. This correlation has been extended to consider angled impact. Components that are subjected to liquid impact may simultaneously be subjected to elevated temperatures. A system has been developed to allow experimental investigation of the liquid impact performance of materials at elevated temperatures. Preliminary results were obtained on a polymer (PEEK). The amount of damage resulting from liquid impact increased with temperature. Subsequently two brittle materials (glass and zinc sulphide) were investigated. Thermal shock has been shown to be the dominant failure mechanism for these materials at temperatures of 300oC and greater. Pre-existing stresses in a material can affect not only its static but also its dynamic loading response. The liquid impact performance and some associated fracture properties of toughened glass systems have been investigated. Chemically and thermally toughened systems were compared. There is a small increase in the threshold velocity for the toughened glasses considered compared to soda-lime glass. The toughening stresses distributions led to differences in the behaviour under single and multiple impact. A novel computer simulation of liquid impact onto pre-stressed substrates has been developed. It is based on the interaction of a model Rayleigh surface wave with a flaw distribution. Good agreement with experiment was obtained for a thermal toughening stress distribution.
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Scott, Jeff E. "Vibratory insertion and extraction of surgical implants." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2006/j_scott_120406.pdf.

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Leszczynski, Aleksander. "Modélisation de l'arthrodèse thoraco-lombaire avec fixation pelvienne dans les déformations du rachis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD041.

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La scoliose dégénérative et le déséquilibre antérieur sont des problèmes courants chez les personnes âgées. Afin d'améliorer la qualité de vie, il est conseillé à certains patients de subir une correction chirurgicale. La correction chirurgicale de l'équilibre sagittal entraîne diverses complications, parmi lesquelles les ruptures de tiges qui jouent un rôle central, surtout à long terme. Des études de suivi de patients ont montré qu’une rupture du matériel d’ostéosynthèse est observée chez environ 20% d’entre eux. Le cœur de ce travail de thèse a consisté à développer un modèle éléments finis (MEF) complet du rachis sain. La géométrie utilisée pour la création du MEF a été définie à partir de coupes scanner d’un sujet sain de 47 ans. Des propriétés mécaniques issues d’une large revue bibliographique ont été implémentées aux différentes structures. Afin de vérifier la réponse du MEF ainsi développé, deux types de validation ont été réalisées, en termes d’amplitude de mouvement (ROM), ainsi qu’en termes de fréquences propres et déformées modales correspondantes. Pour l’étude du matériel d’ostéosynthèse, quatre configurations d’instrumentations du MEF ont alors été proposées. Nous avons présenté, pour la première fois, la validation d’un MEF d’une colonne flexible instrumentée en termes de ROM, ainsi que en termes des déformations des tiges principales. En outre, d'autres paramètres mécaniques tels que le champ de pression au niveau des disques/cages, de forces dans les têtes des vis et de la distribution des contraintes de type Von Mises dans les tiges principales ont été évalués. Les études des MEF lombaire instrumentés dans les quatre modes de sollicitations (flexion d'extension, inflexion latérale et torsion), a permis de démontrer que le maximum de contrainte de Von Mises (situé dans les tiges principales) est corrélé avec la zone où se produisent la majorité des fractures. La configuration bilatérale à double tiges avec cages intersomatiques permet néanmoins de réduire au mieux les contraintes de Von Mises calculées/exercées sur les fixateurs rachidiens ce qui présente un risque minimal de rupture de tiges. Une étude complémentaire à également été menée consistant à étudier le MEF d’une colonne vertébrale instrumentée de T10 jusqu’au bassin. Nous avons constaté, que lors d’une instrumentation de la partie thoraco-lombaire, les résultats obtenus numériquement étaient plus critique que lors d’une instrumentation de la partie lombaire seule, notamment en termes de contraintes maximales calculées dans les tiges. Le MEF du rachis développé dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse est véritable outil pouvant être désormais utilisé, afin d’évaluer d’autres techniques d’instrumentation chirurgicale par la méthode des éléments finis
Degenerative scoliosis and sagittal imbalance are common problems in the older population. In order to improve the quality of life, some patients are recommended to undergo surgical correction. Surgical correction of the sagittal balance can lead to various complications, including rod fractures, which play a central role in the long term. Patient follow-up studies have shown that a rupture of the osteosynthesis material is observed in about 20% of patients. The main focus of the curent work was the development of a complete finite element model (FEM) of the healthy spine. The geometry of the FEM was based on a CT-scan of a healthy 47-year-old volunteer. Mechanical properties were taken from a wide literature review and implemented. In order to ensure the biofidelity, the spinal FEM was widely validated in terms of range of motion (ROM) and modal analysis against multiple experimental studies from the literature. For the study of osteosynthesis material, four instrumented FEMs of the lumbar spine with different configurations were proposed. For the first time, a validation was performed on instrumented flexible spine FEMs against ROM as well as strains in the main rods. In addition, other mechanical parameters such as intradiscale pressure, forces in the screw heads and the distribution of Von Mises stresses in the main rods were calculated to evaluate the studied instrumented configurations. Outcome of the present study of the four instrumented lumbar FEMs in four loading modes (extension flexion, lateral inflection and torsion) indicated that the maximum Von Mises stress (located in the main rods) is correlated with the area of rod fractures reported in patient follow up studies. However, the bi-lateral double rod configuration with interbody cages produced the higher Von Mises stress reduction on spinal fixators which represents a minimal risk of rod failure. A complementary study was also carried out to investigate the FEM of an instrumented spine from T10 to the pelvis. The results showed that an extension of the instrumentation thoracic part, the numerically obtained values were more critical than during an instrumentation of the lumbar part alone, especially in terms of maximum stresses calculated in the principal rods. The developed spinal FEM can be an effective and efficient tool to evaluate other surgical instrumentation techniques using the finite element method
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Aniruth, Sunildutt. "Maxillofacial fractures in children attending the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The literature shows that maxillofacial fractures in children are uncommon. Although the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry, of the University of the Western Cape, has been providing a service to the Red Cross Children&rsquo
s Hospital (RXH) for the past twenty years, no study had been undertaken to determine the age, gender, number of patients per year, aetiology, patterns, and management of maxillofacial fractures at this institution. A retrospective records based study was undertaken to determine these features. This study accessed the records of patients seen at the trauma unit at RXH, from 1994 to 2003 inclusive, and referred for maxillofacial attention.

One-hundred-and-five patient records were obtained and analyzed using the SPSS statistic package. One-hundred-and-twenty-seven fractures were recorded in one hundred and five patients. The age of the patients ranged from one to thirteen. Sixty-five male and forty female patients were seen. Dentoalveolar fractures were the most common fracture seen in both the midface and mandible. Midface fractures were more common than mandibular fractures. Falls, followed by motor vehicle accidents, were the most common cause of facial fractures. Most fractures were successfully managed by closed procedures. At this institution, nasal and frontal fractures have surprisingly little or no input from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
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9

LOUBET, JEAN-GUY. "Luxation traumatique de hanche et avulsion fracture du ligament rond chez l'enfant : a propos de deux observations." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU31120.

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Felfel, Reda. "Manufacture and characterisation of bioresorbable fibre reinforced composite rods and screws for bone fracture fixation applications." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14379/.

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Bioresorbable implants are an attractive alternative to metallic bone fixation devices and offer potential to eliminate some of the clinical challenges with the latter. This work explores the manufacturing of fully bioresorbable fibre-reinforced composite rods and screws for such applications. Poly lactic acid (PLA) and phosphate glass fibres (PGF) were combined to provide mechanical reinforcement and biocompatibility characteristics. Aligned and randomly reinforced PLA/PGF composites were prepared by compression moulding prior to thermomechanical deformation into rod and screw forms. In vitro degradation and mechanical properties retention were investigated in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C. The composite rods and screws exceeded published data for bioresorbable implants in their virgin state and were towards the upper range of cortical bone properties. The properties reduced rapidly in an aqueous medium and this was attributed to matrix plasticisation and fibre/matrix disbonding. The degraded samples maintained strength and stiffness close to the lower limits of the cortical bone. Water uptake and mass loss for composites exceeded equivalent values for PLA alone due to water wicking at the fibre/matrix interface. Ion release tests correlated linearly with mass loss profiles confirming that the dominant degradation mechanism was fibre dissolution. The PLA/PGF composites also exhibited good biocompatibility to human osteosarcoma and human mesenchymal stem cells.
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Books on the topic "Rod Fracture"

1

Weber, B. G. The external fixator: AO/ASIF-threaded rod system, spine-fixator. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Fractured rebellion: The Beijing Red Guard movement. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2009.

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Lieblich, D. A. Integrated use of surface-geophysical methods to indicate subsurface fractures at Tibbetts Road, Barrington, New Hampshire. Hartford, Conn: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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Magerl, F., and B. G. Weber. The External Fixator: A.O./A.S.I.F.-Threaded Rod System Spine-Fixator. Springer, 2012.

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Taylor, J. E. Red: A Fractured Fairy Tale. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.

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Walder, Andrew G. Fractured Rebellion: The Beijing Red Guard Movement. Harvard University Press, 2012.

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Fractured Rebellion: The Beijing Red Guard Movement. Harvard University Press, 2012.

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C, Newman J., and Langley Research Center, eds. Stress-intensity factors for circumferential surface cracks in pipes and rods under tension and bending loads. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1985.

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C, Newman J., and Langley Research Center, eds. Stress-intensity factors for circumferential surface cracks in pipes and rods under tension and bending loads. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1985.

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Stress-intensity factors for circumferential surface cracks in pipes and rods under tension and bending loads. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rod Fracture"

1

Lee, Su Young, Seong Beom Lee, Heung Seob Kim, Tae-Gu Kim, Moon Gab Kam, and Jung Whan Yoon. "Failure Analysis of Connecting Rod at Big End." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 345–50. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.345.

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Fishman, Felicity G. L. "Midshaft Both Bone Forearm Fracture: Intramedullary Rod Fixation." In Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Case Atlas, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28226-8_41-1.

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Fishman, Felicity G. L. "Midshaft Both Bone Forearm Fracture: Intramedullary Rod Fixation." In Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma Case Atlas, 255–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29980-8_41.

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Gdoutos, E. E. "Strain Energy Release Rate for the Short Rod Specimen." In Problems of Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue, 135–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2774-7_30.

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Zhang, Zhi Qiang, Shen Hua Yang, Shu Qing Kou, and Yong Zhao. "Determination of Splitting Force in Process of Fracture Splitting Connecting Rod." In Fracture and Damage Mechanics V, 97–100. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-413-8.97.

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Lee, Tae Hee, and J. J. Jung. "Metamodel-Based Shape Optimization of Connecting Rod Considering Fatigue Life." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 211–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.211.

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Jung, Hai Moon, and Han Seung Lee. "An Experimental Study on the Influence of Steel Rod Corrosion in Concrete Cracks." In Advances in Fracture and Damage Mechanics VI, 773–76. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-448-0.773.

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Lee, Young Ho, Hyung Kyu Kim, and Youn Ho Jung. "Effect of Contacting Shapes on the Worn Area Properties of a Nuclear Fuel Rod in Room Temperature Air and Water." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 441–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.441.

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Smith, S. R., J. T. Bronk, and P. J. Kelly. "Regional Fracture Site Blood Flow Following Compression Plate Intramedullary Rod and External Fixation." In Bone Circulation and Bone Necrosis, 179–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73644-5_38.

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Pan, Yicheng Peter, Jarlen Don, Tsuchin Philip Chu, and Ajay Mahajan. "Influence of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings on the Fatigue Behavior of Spinal Implant Rod." In Time Dependent Constitutive Behavior and Fracture/Failure Processes, Volume 3, 383–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9794-4_53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rod Fracture"

1

Gautam, Sachin S., Ravindra K. Saxena, and P. M. Dixit. "Fracture in Taylor Rod Impact Test Specimens." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37869.

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High velocity contact-impact problems are of great interest in industries related to aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering. Ductile fracture often occurs in such applications. Taylor rod impact tests are used as experimental and numerical tests for determining the mechanical behaviour of materials subjected to high strain rates. At sufficiently high velocities, a significant plastic deformation leading to fracture is observed. In this paper, ductile fracture in Taylor rod made of AISI1045 steel is simulated using a continuum damage mechanics model. Simulations are performed for the velocity of 250 and 300 m/s. It is observed that, at lower velocities, tensile cracks are observed at the outer edge of the impact surface. On the other hand, at higher velocities, the fracture is observed at the central axis (confined fracture) as well as at the outer edge leading to fragmentation. Both the results are consistent with the experimental results available in the literature.
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Kato, Shinichiro, Takashi Kano, Makoto Hobo, Yuuichi Yamada, Tomonori Miyazawa, and Yoshio Okada. "Development of Microalloyed Steel for Fracture Split Connecting Rod." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1004.

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Xu, Ming, Thomas Scholl, Pedro Berjano, Jazmin Cruz, and James Yang. "Rod Stress Prediction in Spinal Alignment Surgery With Different Supplementary Rod Constructing Techniques: A Finite Element Study." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85601.

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Rod fracture and nonunion are common complications associated with pedicle subtraction osteotomies (PSO). Supplementary rods and interbody cage (IB) are added to reduce the primary rod stress. As supplementary rods, delta rods and cross rods have been proposed to reduce more stress on the primary rods compared to conventional supplementary rods (accessary rods) in PSO. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of cross rods and delta rods on reducing primary rod stress in PSO subject. A validated 3D finite element model of a T12-S1 spine segment with 25° PSO at L3 and bilateral rods fixation from T12-S1 was used to compare different rod configurations: 1) PSO and two primary rods (PSO+2P); 2) PSO with an IB at L2-L3 (PSO+2P+IB); 3) PSO with accessory rods and an IB at L2-L3 (PSO+2P+IB+2A); 4) PSO with delta rods and an IB at L2-L3 (PSO+2P+IB+2D); 5) PSO with single cross rod and an IB at L2-L3 (PSO+2P+IB+1C); 6) PSO with double cross rods and an IB at L2-L3 (PSO+2P+IB+2C). The spine model was loaded with a follower load of 400 N combined with pure moments of 7.5 Nm in flexion, extension, right lateral bending, and right axial rotation. Von Mises stress of the primary rods were predicted for all test conditions. The PSO without IB condition had the largest primary rod stress in flexion. With IB at L2-L3, the rod stress in flexion reduced by 15%. Adding 2 conventional supplementary rods reduced the rod stress in flexion by 29%, which was achieved by adding single cross rod. The maximum von Mises stress occurred in the middle of the primary rods without supplementary rods whereas the maximum stress concentrated adjacent to the contact region between the connectors and the primary rods. Delta rods and double cross rods reduced the most rod stress in flexion, which were by 33% and 32% respectively. Under lateral bending, 2 delta rods reduced the most primary rod stress (−33%). Under axial rotation, the single cross rod reduced the most primary rod stress (−48%). Interbody cages and supplementary rods reduced the primary rod stress in a comparable way. Primary rod stress with 2 delta rods and double cross rods were comparable, which were marginally lower than those with conventional supplementary rods. Adding single cross rod was comparable to adding 2 conventional accessory rods in rod stress reduction in flexion. Under lateral bending, delta rods reduced most rod stress whereas under axial rotation, cross rods reduced most rod stress. This study suggested that both delta rods and cross rods reduce more primary rod stress than conventional accessory rods do.
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Merritt, David, and Guangrui Zhu. "The Prediction of Connecting Rod Fretting and Fretting Initiated Fatigue Fracture." In 2004 Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-3015.

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Zhu, Zhaopeng, Xianzhi Song, Xuezhe Yao, Shuo Zhu, and Silin Jing. "Experimental Study on the Wall Factor for Rod-Shaped Proppant Settling in Vertical Fracture." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18824.

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Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is an important technology to improve oil and gas production. In recent years, rod-shaped proppant has received increasing attention for its advantages in avoiding fracture closure and enhancing conductivity. Due to its special shape, the settling process in the fracture is more complicated than that of a spherical proppant. Accurate description of the wall factor of fracture on the settling rod-shaped proppant is pivotal in predicting the transport distance of rod-shaped proppant and improving the effect of fracturing. However, few researches have been reported about the fracture wall factor on the settling rod-shaped proppant. In this study, the transparent fracture model with different width and a high-speed camera were used to record the settling process of the rod-shaped proppant in the fracture. A total of 215 tests were carried out to analyze the effects of fluid properties, the equivalent dimensionless diameter, sphericity, and Reynolds number on the wall factor, involving the ranges of the equivalent dimensionless diameter and the particle Reynolds number are 0.03 to 1.47 and 0.03–1354.14, respectively. The settling processes of rod-shaped proppant under horizontal and vertical states were studied, and two wall factor models for the two states were established, respectively. The results show that the wall factor is a function of both the equivalent dimensionless diameter and Reynolds number. Finally, the prediction models of wall factor with the prediction error of 1.70 and 4.44% are established for these two Reynolds number regions, respectively. The results of this study can further improve the performance of rod-shaped proppant in hydraulic fracturing.
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Fan Ju. "Research on the brittle fracture of FRP rod and its test method." In 11th International Symposium on High-Voltage Engineering (ISH 99). IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19990855.

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McDonald, Brodie, Shannon Ryan, Stephen J. Cimpoeru, Nathan Edwards, and Adrian Orifici. "Modelling the Fracture of High-Hardness Armour Steel in Taylor Rod-on-Anvil Experiments." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-041.

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Abstract A series of Taylor rod-on-anvil experiments have been performed to validate the predicted impact velocity fracture threshold and fracture mode of a high hardness armour steel (HHA) obtained through explicit finite element simulations. Experimentally, the rods exhibited principal shear failure, a condition that can be closely linked to adiabatic shear band (ASB) formation in high strength steel. Using a stress triaxiality and Lode angle dependent failure strain criterion (Basaran 3D fracture locus), calibrated from quasi-static mechanical characterisation tests, the simulations were unable to predict the onset of fracture observed in experiments. As such, a strength-fading criterion is proposed using a phenomenological description to capture the loss of load-carrying capacity resulting from ASB formation. The ASB criterion is based on an exponential fit to experimentally-observed instability strains measured at different average stress triaxialities in a series of tests on inclined cylindrical and modified flat-hat specimens. With the prediction of ASB formation the material strength is reduced to model the thermal softening experienced in the shear band, and fracture of the material (in the form of element erosion) remains controlled by the Basaran fracture model. Incorporating the ASB-based criterion, the numerical models were found to accurately predict both the impact velocity fracture threshold, as well as the general appearance of the observed principal shear fracture. The proposed criterion enables the effects of ASB formation to be captured in an impact simulation with little increase in computational cost.
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Kaundabalaraman, Kaarthic. "Design & amp; Analysis of Bolt for Normal & amp; Fracture Split Connecting Rod." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology 2017. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-26-0274.

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Kralovic, Barbara J., J. Craig Fryman, and Serene Longsworth. "Predicting the Stresses and Displacements in Femoral Intramedullary Nails and Screws Using a Finite Element Model." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-172280.

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A femoral intramedullary nail is a metal rod which is inserted into the femoral canal to stabilize fractures of the long bone. The retrograde femoral nail is a type of intramedullary nail which is inserted at the distal end of the long bone and is typically used for distal femur fractures. While the success rates are high, some complications still exist, including failure of the nail through the screw holes, failure or loosening of screws, and bone fracture [1]. There are many design variables that affect clinical performance including the implant material, nail and screw diameters, the number of screws, and the nail and screw position and orientation. To help determine the most suitable design for a given fracture the effect of the above variables on the stresses and displacements in the nail, screws, and bone may be important to consider.
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Rabbolini, S., M. Sanvito, A. Lo Conte, S. Beretta, and D. Rizzi. "Structural Integrity Assessment of ORC Turbine Tie-Rods: An Analysis Based on Elastic Shakedown and Fracture Mechanics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75716.

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Fatigue life assessment of turbine rotating components is usually performed taking into account the presence of potential defects and their propagation, together with an accurate description of the stress/strain fields acting at components critical regions. In this work, such an approach was applied on a radial outflow turbine: the component investigated in this paper is the tie-rod. An axisymmetric FEM model of the whole turbine was implemented to evaluate the stress field acting at the root of tie-rod thread, the component most critical region. Three different preload procedures were investigated, in order to evaluate the effects of plastic strains on fatigue cycles. It was found that an initial overtightening, performed before machine assembly, induces a larger plastic zone at the root of the thread, which lowers the peak stress and lessens the stress ratio of the fatigue cycle. Stress gradients for the three different preloading conditions were the starting point of a crack propagation model, which calculated crack advancement as a function of service time. The model, which considered crack closure and stress ratio effects, allowed structural integrity assessment and showed that the initial overtightening had also the effect of crack growth rates reduction.
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Reports on the topic "Rod Fracture"

1

Author, Not Given. Brittle fracture phase-field modeling of a short-rod specimen. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225864.

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Anderson, Robert L. Fracture of Grooved Kinetic Energy Rods Subject to Oblique Impact. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada457398.

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Integrated use of surface-geophysical methods to indicate subsurface fractures at Tibbetts Road, Barrington, New Hampshire. US Geological Survey, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri924012.

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