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Academic literature on the topic 'Rökgaskondensering'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rökgaskondensering"
Hwit, Emil. "Rekommenderad framledningstemperatur i fjärrvärmenät baserat på rökgaskondensering : En beräkningsundersökning av rökgaskondensering och fjärrvärme i en medelstor svensk stad." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30227.
Full textThe most common way of heating buildings in Sweden is by district heating, more than half of all the locales and homes is heated this way. Flue gas condensation is the third largest contributor of energy in district heating at 11 %. The importance of its efficiency is thereby big. Flue gas condensation can be installed at combustion boilers to increase the efficiency, it can be used in combination with most fuels that exhaust steam. The flue gas condensation has an important role by harnessing the energy in flue gases and cleansing it from environmental hazards. The flue gas condensation unit on Stora Enso Kvarnsveden Mill is owned by Borlänge‑Energi. They want to know if the condenser is operating as effective as it could be. This report investigates how the condenser and external heater at Stora Enso Kvarnsveden Mill is affected by different supply and return temperatures as well as what the production costs of the energy is. The calculations have been accomplished by using the density, specific heat capacity, flow- and temperature differences in Excel. All the calculations have originated from the median value for each month and used in comparison. The basis of the calculations is data that has been collected in the period of January 2015 to December 2018. The results indicate that increasing the supply temperature to 95 °C increases the energy costs by about 2 500 000 SEK per year. These costs can be reduced by 400 000 SEK per year by decreasing the return temperature to 40 °C. If the supply temperature is instead decreased to 75 °C when the temperature outside is higher than -1 °C, the costs decreases. A low supply temperature leads to less wear on the pipes, less heat losses, less fuel consumption and less emissions. This temperature reduction can decrease the costs by 620 000 SEK per year. If the return temperature is reduced but the supply temperature retained as it is today the costs could decrease by over 400 000 SEK per year. And by reducing both the supply and return temperature a cost saving of over 1 000 000 SEK per year could be achieved. The recommendation is therefore a lowering of the supply temperature to 75 °C when the temperature outside is warmer than -1 °C. The recommended supply temperature is: 75 °C when the temperature outside is warmer than -1 °C 80 °C between -2 and -4 °C 85 °C at -5 °C, 90 °C between -6 and ‑7 °C 95 °C between -8 and -11 °C
Zackrisson, Åsa, and Jens Sjölin. "Rökgaskondensering : Ett möjligt alternativ för Nybro Energi AB?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43417.
Full textThe purpose of this investigation was to clarify whether a flue gas condenser was a good investment for Nybro Energi AB. Saxlund Bioenergy AB was contacted for the compilation of quotation. Using parameters from Nybro Energi AB and the quote from Saxlund Bioenergy AB, calculations were made to determine whether an investment was suitable. The results of the study showed that the investment of the kind dealt with in this work was earned after less than seven years of operation, and the output that was possible to recover amounted to 2,8 MW, provided that the boiler output consisted of at least 15 MW. The conclusions were that the investment was not paid after seven years because of the costs consisted of possible reconstructions were not considered in the survey, this does not mean that an investment was unprofitable since these costs were estimated as small relative to the total savings after the economic life of 15 years, has expired.
Björk, Andreas, and Tobias Enander. "Validering och utveckling av matematisk modell av rökgaskondensering : En undersökning av matematiska modeller avrökgaskondensering samt en studie av hur yttre faktorerpåverkar rökgaskondenseringen i kraftvärmeverk." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanisk värmeteori och strömningslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157763.
Full textWhen burning fuels with high water or hydrogen content, much of the combustion energy follows themoist air that leaves the chimney at the plant. A common example is the combustion of wood fuel orhousehold waste in CHP-plants. In order to increase the plant's efficiency and at the same time clean theair from sulfur dioxide and metals, a flue gas condensation of scrubber-type can be used. Cool water isinjected into a filling bed and meets the hot flue gas. When the flue gases are cooled, energy is released bythe water in the flue gases when vapor turns into liquid form, energy that can be used e.g. to heat thedistrict heating network's return line. This work has been carried out on behalf of Hifab DU-teknik, which in the past year has carried outstudies and calculations of the flue gas condensation at the Torsvik CHP plant, which has led to improvedefficiency. Through simulations and calculations in Matlab, this report tries to verify the optimalcondensate flow calculated by DU technology and study how the plant is affected by changed flows andtemperatures in the district heating network’s return line. The authors of this work have put a lot of effort into understanding the theory of heat exchangers andenergy in moist air in depth. The theoretical framework we set up can be seen as a thorough introductionto the subjects and an in-depth study compared to the usual course content during the Bachelor's degreeprogram in mechanical engineering at Linköping University. The goal of the preparatory method work has been to find expressions of the different temperatures inthe plant that make it possible to simulate changes in the plant. Models have been developed to be able tosimulate and calculate the outgoing temperatures given different mass flows using the ingoingtemperatures in a heat exchanger. The model has proven to work well for the heat exchanger, which isconnected to the district heating network. In the calculations of temperatures out of the filling bed, twomethods have been tested. The authors’ has studied what happens if the condensate temperature out ofthe filling bed is set to the dew temperature of the flue gases. Attempts have also been made to considerthe filling bed as a kind of heat exchanger. The result of the authors' calculations of condensate flow differs to a certain extent from the DU-teknik’scalculated condensate flows during a changed boiler load in the plant. To end up at the same result, thehot condensate temperature needed to take a slightly higher temperature than the dew temperature. Theassumption is reasonable to make, but it is difficult to draw any conclusions about the magnitude. Regarding the method of considering the filling bed as a heat exchanger, there are both successes andshortcomings. The success lies in that the trend for the different temperatures seems to be in line with thetheory that the authors have presented for heat exchangers and what happens when the massflowsincrease or decrease in a heat exchanger. However, the shortcomings lie in the fact that the method doesnot take into account that heat is released during the condensation, but is based entirely on the fact thatthe fluid in the filling bed do not undergo phase transformations. Two important proposals for continued work are highlighted at the end of the report. It would beinteresting to study the possibility of considering the filling bed as two separate heat exchangers, where thedry flue gases encounter a partial current of the condensate and the moisture in the flue gases meetsanother partial current of the condensate. Furthermore, a desire is made to test the flue gas condensationin the future at different condensate flows for a longer period of time in order to achieve stationaryconditions in the temperatures. The data can later be used to produce mathematical expressions of whathappens to the outgoing temperatures of the filling bed when the condensate flow changes or when theingoing temperature of the filling bed increases or decreases.
Bergman, Simon. "Ekonomisk och miljömässig värdering av en sänkt returtemperatur i ett fjärrvärmenät : En studie av ett fjärrvärmenät i Bollnäs." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19847.
Full textFor district heating companies it is extremely important that the heat they produce is utilized as efficiently as possible by their customers. However, there are a lot of problems with customers heat exchangers, which create obstacles to this goal. The heat exchangers tend to send a certain amount of uncooled water back to the district heating plant. Round passages and drain valves are other examples of problem areas in a district heating network. Bollnäs Energi AB wants to review how the district heating network and production facility in Bollnäs would be affected economically and environmentally if the return temperature dropped. What primarily is dealt with in this report is how it would affect the flue gas condenser. Flue gas condensation is when the amount of energy that has been used to produce steam by the moisture in the fuel during combustion again becomes liquid. This amount of energy is being utilized by heat exchanging it with the district heating network return line. It is simplistic to say that the lower the return temperature, the higher the effect output will be made possible from the flue gas condenser. If 1 MWh of energy is extracted from the flue gas condenser, that is 1 MWh less that needs to be burned in the company's boilers. If there are several boilers running simultaneously operated with different fuels, it is the fuel that has the highest cost that will be saved into. However, it can cause problems when the boiler is loaded into a cogeneration unit, ie, that it produces both heat and electricity, because even electricity production will then be reduced. Data has been collected from the company's logs and a simulated reduction in the return temperature has been made. This has demonstrated that lowering the return temperature by one degree would lead to a saving of approximately 442 000 SEK per year. When this "free energy" comes from flue gas condenser instead from waste or oil combustion so it also becomes a major environmental gain. Therefore, the amount of energy from the flue gas condensation was compared with if the same amount of energy would have been produced by burning waste or oil. The calculations show that the same reduction as above would reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 378 and 762 tonnes per year respectively.
Nilsson, Jenny Elisabet. "Elproduktion ur låggradig värme : Tillämpningsmöjligheter vid Skellefteå Kraft ABs kraftvärmeverk Skogsbacka i Lycksele." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91356.
Full textIn a bio-fuelled combined heat and power plant, a lot of energy is lost in the outgoing fumes. By condensing the moist in the fumes, a lot of this energy can be recovered. At the plant Skogsbacka in Lycksele, investments in technology to do this is being considered. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential for using the recovered energy at Skogsbacka for generation of electricity. Different technologies are available for the generation of electricity from low grade heat. This study looks into "Powerbox" and "FlexiGen", two machines working according to the Organic Rankine Cycle, and C3, a newly developed technology that uses a chemical reaction to split the working media into different components. Ways to integrate the machines with the existing system are discussed, and the resulting electricity produced is calculated, and the influence on the rest of the system is considered. It is concluded that the possible economical winnings are very small.
Johansson, Dan. "Rening av matarvatten och rökgaskondensat vid Kraftvärmeverket i Linköping." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10615.
Full textI utbildningen till Drifttekniker vid Linköpings universitet, Campus Norrköping ingår det att under våren på andra året utföra ett examensprojekt. Just det här projektet utfördes på KV1 på Oscarsgatan, som är en del av Tekniska Verken i Linköping.
Projektet gick först ut på att uppdatera befintliga provtagningsinstruktioner från 1999 som är bifogade i slutet av rapporten. Jag skulle se som det fanns något att ändra, ta bort eller lägga till. Sedan utvecklades projektet och rapporten till att även beskriva reningscyklerna för matarvattnet och rökgaskondenseringen, och med det i stora drag ta upp de viktigaste fakta och information om de olika reningsmetoderna och reningsstegen.
Rapporten ska fungera som en ”snabbkurs” där man lär sig det viktigaste och nödvändigaste ifall att ordinarie drifttekniker av någon anledning inte kan utföra sin uppgift. Eller om så bara för att ge en orientering om hur anläggningen fungerar rent praktiskt.
Topic, Sinisa. "Effektivisering av rökgaskondensorn : En undersökning av att kyla inkommande fjärrvärmeretur." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-28614.
Full textLindberg, Robin. "Utveckling av rökgaskondenseringsmodell för kraftvärmeverk." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91180.
Full textKarlsson, Sofia. "Uppfuktningens inverkan på mikrobiologisk aktivitet irökgaskondenseringssystem – en studie vid Fortum Värmes kraftvärmeverk 8." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208337.
Full textVärtaverkets combined heat and power plant 8 (CHP 8) was put into operation in 2016 and is one of the largest bio fuelled CHPs in the world. The plant makes use of energy in waste products from the forest industry and the steam capacity of the boiler at CHP 8 is 345 MW. The flue gas condensation system adds another 100 MW heat to CHP 8:s capacity. Flue gas condensation is therefore an essential part of the heat production at CHP 8. In the acceding water treatment plant the flue gas condensate is purified and thus provides the water-steam cycle with new water. The water treatment plant is based on membrane technology, which has many advantages, for example high efficiency. One disadvantage with membrane technology is that it is sensitive to fouling. Microorganisms are always present in water systems and they create biofilm, therefore they are prone to cause operational problems. When CHP 8 was put into operation problems arose with fouling of membranes caused by microorganisms. To overcome the problems the system was cleaned and sodium hypochlorite was added to the system continuously. The flue gas condensation system, and especially the humidifier, was considered to be the cause of the microbiological activity. Even though the problem is relatively widespread across CHPs in Sweden, very few studies have been made on the subject. This thesis has been written on behalf of AB Fortum Värme Värtaverket during the autumn term of 2016. The aim of the work was to examine the impact of humidification on microbiological activity in flue gas condensation systems. The thesis also gives a description of chemical, operational and structural methods to minimize problems caused by microorganisms. CHP 8 is designed to use combustion air from the fuel stock, which may affect microbiological activity. For this reason, combustion air from the boiler was used instead of combustion air from the fuel stock during the autumn of 2016. Impact of humidification on microbiological activity has been studied by analysing selected operational parameters and microbiological water samples. The operational parameters that have been studied include the following: • Degree of humidification • Combustion air (boiler/fuel stock) • Steam effect • Fuel • Dosage of sodium hypochlorite • Flow rates • Temperatures of flue gas, combustion air and flue gas condensate • Moisture content and oxygen content in the flue gas The study showed that, when the thesis was conducted, the microbiological activity was low and thus the potential of finding a connection between operational parameters and microbiological test results were low. For this reason operational conditions were compared between the period with problems and the period without. It is likely that the difference in microbiological activity derives from the difference in operational conditions. The three primary differences in operational conditions between the two periods was type of combustion air, dosage of sodium hypochlorite and operational continuity. The operational problems were comprehensive when combustion air from the fuel stock was used, dosage of sodium hypochlorite low and the operational continuity low. To determine how big impact type of combustion air has on microbiological activity the study has to continue with the same operational set but with combustion air from the fuel stock instead of the boiler. The study has not been able to associate microbiological activity with degree of humidification. Nevertheless type of combustion air and dosage of sodium hypochlorite has an immediate impact on the environment in the humidifier and thus microbiological activity cannot be considered independent of humidification. This thesis describes and discusses nine different disinfection methods with respect to efficiency, economy and environmental impact. The disinfection methods that have been studied are chlorine, UV, chlorine dioxide, ozone, bromine, per acetic acid, Kuriverter IK 110 and nano materials. It is difficult to find an ideal disinfection method since it needs to have good selectivity, be environmentally friendly and at the same time provide good efficiency. One problem associated with disinfection is that disinfection by-products are formed by oxidation. To what extend disinfection byproducts will be formed depends on the disinfection method and the composition of the water. The efficiency of the methods is also dependent on the composition of the water and also the type of microorganism. Therefore the flue gas condensate composition was examined. The study showed that the flue gas condensate was sufficiently clean since all analogue values, except ammonium and nitrite, was lower than recommended values for drinking water. Thus the flue gas condensate has a sufficiently high quality for all the above mentioned disinfection methods to be efficient. None of the disinfection methods discussed are safe from an environmental point of view. Therefore alternative methods should be evaluated for use in the long term.
NYMAN, LINNÉA. "Operational impact to a CHP plant from integration of a biofuel top cycle pilot unit : A case study of KV62, Linköping." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286584.
Full textFramtiden förväntas medföra många utmaningar för aktörer inom energisektorn, och för Tekniska verken i Linköping är en av de framtida utmaningarna att anpassa energisystemet till kraft- och värmetekniker som är förnybara, effektiva och planerbara. Samtidigt som andelen förnybara energikällor ökar, växer även behovet för energi som kan täcka för oregelbundenheten hos vind- och solkraft och samtidigt passa i Linköpings vision om att bli världens mest resurseffektiva region. En del av Tekniska verkens arbete är att utforska möjliga lösningar för deras framtida energisystem, och en gren i arbetet med forskning och utveckling är ett projekt med mål att bygga och testa en pilotanläggning av en biobränslebaserad toppcykel (BTC). Projektet genomförs tillsammans med teknologins ägare: Phoenix Biopower. Detta examensarbete är del av förstudien tillhörande pilotprojektet, som är ämnad att undersöka genomförbarheten i att installera en pilotanläggning av Phoenix Biopowers teknologi med ett av Tekniska verken i Linköpings kraftvärmeverk, KV62 som moderanläggning. Examensarbetet syftar till att undersöka projektets genomförbarhet genom utvärdering av hur driften av KV62 kommer påverkas av pilotenheten. Arbetet består av en kartläggning av nödvändiga gränssnitt mellan KV62 och BTC-piloten, vilket följs av en bedömning av pilotenhetens inverkan på driften av KV62. Genomförbarheten utvärderas med avseende på driftsgränser för KV62 och studien inkluderar både kvantitativ och kvalitativ utvärdering av pilotens påverkan på KV62 till följd av gränssnitten mellan de två enheterna. Studien har särskilt fokus på rökgasens gränssnitt, som visade sig kunna vara kritiskt med avseende på påverkan från pilotens rökgas på processerna i KV62. Resultatet från arbetet visar att det är möjligt att ansluta och driva pilotanläggningen vid KV62, men att normal drift av KV62 inte kan bibehållas vid drift av BTC-piloten, framförallt på grund av pilotanläggningens belastning genom uttag av ånga; som inte kan hanteras fullt ut av befintlig kapacitet för matarvatten, och tillskottet av effekt till rökgasstråket vid överhettarna. Innan en slutgiltig bedömning av BTC-pilotens genomförbarhet med avseende på påverkan på KV62 kan göras vore det lämpligt att genomföra en studie av påverkan på KV62 under pilotens transienter, samt en analys av värme- och massbalanser i KV62 för fastställda placeringar av gränssnitten.