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Hansson, Sven Ove. "Thomas Nagel - Rolf Schock Prize Laureate." Theoria 75, no. 2 (May 2009): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.2009.01032.x.
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BERGSTRŐM, LARS. "Thomas Nagel - Recipient of the Rolf Schock Prize in Logic and Philosophy, 2008." Theoria 75, no. 2 (May 2009): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.2009.01033.x.
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Wu, Su Ying, and Ping Wang. "Preliminary Study on Fresh Storage of Orange with Tourmaline." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1568.
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This study had conducted a comparative study on storage navel orange with tourmaline carton and ordinary carton,The effect of preservation with tourmaline on the storage navel orange had been discussed through the change trend of main organic content,weightlessness rate and decay rate during storage of navel orange.The results showed that the weightlessness rate of navel orange storage by ordinary carton was 5.26%,which was greater than the 4%,that was to say,the value of navel orange had been lost;however,the tourmaline carton,which played a good role in the fresh storage of navel orange .
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Berg-Weger, Marla, and Katherine Bennett. "Current and Future Geriatrics Education Policy Initiatives." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1803.
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Abstract Current and future NAGE policy-related activities will be the focus of this presentation. The Geriatric Academic Career Awards (GACAs), which support the career development of junior faculty clinician educators in geriatrics, were reinstituted by HRSA in 2019 after a 13-year absence. We will discuss the role of this award in the broader context of geriatrics education and GWEPs, how GACA awardees have been integrated into NAGE, and the need for expansion of the GACA program to support both the GWEP and geriatric education pipelines. Areas for future NAGE engagement will be focused on advocacy efforts to support: permanent GWEP reauthorization by Congress; expanding current level of $40.737 million to $51 million to enable HRSA to increase the number of GWEPS to further extend their reach; increasing funding for GACA awardees; and strengthening the synergies between the GACA and GWEP programs to support development of future GWEP leadership.
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MacKenzie, A., M. W. Ferguson, and P. T. Sharpe. "Expression patterns of the homeobox gene, Hox-8, in the mouse embryo suggest a role in specifying tooth initiation and shape." Development 115, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.115.2.403.
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We have studied the expression patterns of the newly isolated homeobox gene, Hox-8 by in situ hybridisation to sections of the developing heads of mouse embryos between E9 and E17.5, and compared them to Hox-7 expression patterns in adjacent sections. This paper concentrates on the interesting expression patterns of Hox-8 during initiation and development of the molar and incisor teeth. Hox-8 expression domains are present in the neural crest-derived mesenchyme beneath sites of future tooth formation, in a proximo-distal gradient. Tooth development is initiated in the oral epithelium which subsequently thickens in discrete sites and invaginates to form the dental lamina. Hox-8 expression in mouse oral epithelium is first evident at the sites of the dental placodes, suggesting a role in the specification of tooth position. Subsequently, in molar teeth, this patch of Hox-8 expressing epithelium becomes incorporated within the buccal aspect of the invaginating dental lamina to form part of the external enamel epithelium of the cap stage tooth germ. This locus of Hox-8 expression becomes continuous with new sites of Hox-8 expression in the enamel navel, septum, knot and internal enamel epithelium. The transitory enamel knot, septum and navel were postulated, long ago, to be involved in specifying tooth shape, causing the inflection of the first buccal cusp, but this theory has been largely ignored. Interestingly, in the conical incisor teeth, the enamel navel, septum and knot are absent, and Hox-8 has a symmetrical expression pattern. Our demonstration of the precise expression patterns of Hox-8 in the early dental placodes and their subsequent association with the enamel knot, septum and navel provide the first molecular clues to the basis of patterning in the dentition and the association of tooth position with tooth shape: an association all the more intriguing in view of the evolutionary robustness of the patterning mechanism, and the known role of homeobox genes in Drosophila pattern formation. At the bell stage of tooth development, Hox-8 expression switches tissue layers, being absent from the differentiating epithelial ameloblasts and turned on in the differentiating mesenchymal odontoblasts. Hox-7 is expressed in the mesenchyme of the dental papilla and follicle at all stages. This reciprocity of expression suggests an interactive role between Hox-7, Hox-8 and other genes in regulating epithelial mesenchymal interactions during dental differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Gannon, Patrick. "Managing Stage Fright: A Guide for Musicians and Music Teachers. By Julie Jaffee Nagel." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2018.1011.
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Julie Jaffee Nagel’s new book, Managing Stage Fright: A Guide for Musicians and Music Teachers, is a welcome addition to our understanding of performance anxiety which remains a major problem for musicians at all levels of proficiency. But what is unique about this book is how it illuminates the student/teacher relationship and the role that music teachers can play in helping students manage their symptoms.
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Neumann, Michael. "Can't We All Just Respect One Another a Little Less?" Canadian Journal of Philosophy 34, no. 4 (December 2004): 463–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2004.10716575.
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Contemporary moral philosophy and much contemporary moralizing almost radiate respect for persons. Thomas Nagel is one of many who take its primacy for granted. In a review of Scanion he says:Scanlon's theory addresses a number of its central questions: first, the question of the objectivity or truth of moral Claims, their relation to reason, and whether or not they should be regarded as in some sense relative or subjective; second, the question of the kind of concern or respect for persons that is at the foundation of morality…Many others take the centrality and foundational role of such respect as a given. This is a big change from the days when moralists held that all human beings deserved a certain basic and equal disrespect.
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Peri, Krishna G., Hughes Goldie, and E. Bruce Waygood. "Cloning and characterization of the N-acetylglucosamine operon of Escherichia coli." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o90-017.
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Three enzymes are required for N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) utilization in Escherichia coli: enzyme IInag (gene nagE), N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase (gene nagA), and glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase (gene nagB). The three genes are located near 16 min on the E. coli chromosome. A strain of E. coli, KPN9, incapable of utilizing N-acetylglucosamine, was used to screen a genomic library of E. coli for a complementing recombinant colicin E1 plasmid that allowed for growth on N-acetylglucosamine. Plasmid pLC5-21 was found to contain all three known nag genes on a 5.7-kilobase (5.7-kb) fragment of DNA. The products of these nag genes were identified by complementation of E. coli strains with mutations in nagA, nagB, and nagE. The gene products from the 5.7-kb fragment were identified by [35S]methionine-labelled maxicells and autoradiography of sodium dodecyl sulphate – polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. The gene products had the following relative masses (Mrs: nagE, 62 000; nagA, 45 000; nagB, 29 000. In addition, another product of Mr 44 000 was detected. The genes have been sequenced to reveal an additional open reading frame (nagC), a putative catabolite activator protein binding site that may control nagB and nagE, putative rho-independent terminator sites for nagB and nagE, and sequence homologies for RNA polymerase binding sites preceding each of the open reading frames, except for nagA. The calculated molecular weights (MWs) of the gene products derived from the sequence are as follows: nagA, 40 954; nagB, 29 657; nagC, 44 664; nagE, 68 356. No role is known for nagC, although a number of regulatory roles appear to be plausible. No obvious transcriptional termination site distal to nagC was found and another open reading frame begins after nagC. This gene, nagD, was isolated separately from pLC5-21, and the sequence revealed a protein with a calculated MW of 27 181. The nagD gene is followed by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences. The nag genes appear to be organized in an operon: [Formula: see text]Key words: N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine-6-P deacetylase, glucosamine-6-P isomerase, repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences, catabolite repression.
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Zola-Morgan, Stuart, Larry R. Squire, and Seth J. Ramus. "The role of the hippocampus in declarative memory: A reply to Nadel." Hippocampus 5, no. 3 (1995): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hipo.450050310.
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Franco, Jessica Y., Shree P. Thapa, Zhiqian Pang, Fatta B. Gurung, Thomas W. H. Liebrand, Danielle M. Stevens, Veronica Ancona, Nian Wang, and Gitta Coaker. "Citrus Vascular Proteomics Highlights the Role of Peroxidases and Serine Proteases during Huanglongbing Disease Progression." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 19, no. 12 (September 3, 2020): 1936–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.ra120.002075.
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Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating and widespread citrus disease. All commercial citrus varieties are susceptible to the HLB-associated bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which resides in the phloem. The phloem is part of the plant vascular system and is involved in sugar transport. To investigate the plant response to CLas, we enriched for proteins surrounding the phloem in an HLB susceptible sweet orange variety, Washington navel (Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck). Quantitative proteomics revealed global changes in the citrus proteome after CLas inoculation. Plant metabolism and translation were suppressed, whereas defense-related proteins such as peroxidases, proteases and protease inhibitors were induced in the vasculature. Transcript accumulation and enzymatic activity of plant peroxidases in CLas infected sweet orange varieties under greenhouse and field conditions were assessed. Although peroxidase transcript accumulation was induced in CLas infected sweet orange varieties, peroxidase enzymatic activity varied. Specific serine proteases were up-regulated in Washington navel in the presence of CLas based on quantitative proteomics. Subsequent activity-based protein profiling revealed increased activity of two serine proteases, and reduced activity of one protease in two C. sinensis sweet orange varieties under greenhouse and field conditions. The observations in the current study highlight global reprogramming of the citrus vascular proteome and differential regulation of enzyme classes in response to CLas infection. These results open an avenue for further investigation of diverse responses to HLB across different environmental conditions and citrus genotypes.
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Akyar, Handan. "Fuzzy Risk Analysis for a Production System Based on the Nagel Point of a Triangle." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3080679.
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Ordering and ranking fuzzy numbers and their comparisons play a significant role in decision-making problems such as social and economic systems, forecasting, optimization, and risk analysis problems. In this paper, a new method for ordering triangular fuzzy numbers using the Nagel point of a triangle is presented. With the aid of the proposed method, reasonable properties of ordering fuzzy numbers are verified. Certain comparative examples are given to illustrate the advantages of the new method. Many papers have been devoted to studies on fuzzy ranking methods, but some of these studies have certain shortcomings. The proposed method overcomes the drawbacks of the existing methods in the literature. The suggested method can order triangular fuzzy numbers as well as crisp numbers and fuzzy numbers with the same centroid point. An application to the fuzzy risk analysis problem is given, based on the suggested ordering approach.
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Page, T. S., and J. R. Gallon. "DNA topoisomerases in Gloeothece (Nageli) sp. ATCC 27152: a role in N2 fixation?" New Phytologist 121, no. 1 (May 1992): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01089.x.
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Nathanail, Eftihia, Michael Gogas, and Giannis Adamos. "Assessing the Contribution of Urban Freight Terminals in Last Mile Operations." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ttj-2016-0021.
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Abstract This paper introduces a multi-stakeholder multi-criteria evaluation framework, which can be used for the assessment of the last mile distribution performance of urban freight terminals. To this end, a comparative analysis is conducted addressing two Greek urban intermodal freight terminals located at the port of Thessaloniki (ThPA) and Kuehne+Nagel (K+N)’s premises. The assessment of the terminals’ performance relies on a tailored multi-criteria Key Performance Indicator (KPI)-based evaluation framework, whereas the selection and significance of the incorporated criteria and KPIs is predetermined by the relevant responsible stakeholders, who imposed their viewpoint through an analytic hierarchy process. Results showed that ThPA was ranked first according to its performance pertaining to the role of an intermodal interchange; still, K+N’s performance index was only 8.5% lower than ThPA’s, while in specific KPIs it seems that it performs in a better way.
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Waters, Leland, and Brian Lindberg. "Policy Series: The Role of a Stakeholder Member Group in Shaping Geriatric Policy: The National Association for Geriatric Education." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1799.
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Abstract The National Association for Geriatric Education (NAGE) is a non-profit membership organization representing Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Programs (GWEPs), Geriatric Academic Career Awardees (GACAs) and other programs that provide education and training to health professionals in the areas of geriatrics and gerontology. Our work includes faculty training and fellowships, continuing education, and hands on experiences in the clinical setting. One of our priorities is to educate policy makers and the public about the need for health care professionals to receive geriatrics education so they will better serve the expanding older population. One of our goals is to provide a mechanism for policy development and dissemination to external audiences regarding the mission, goals and impact of geriatric education programs. Our policy objectives include providing guidance to the United States Public Health Service and other organizations in the development of programs to enhance the education of health care practitioners and others. Another objective is to educate Congress about necessary priorities in geriatric education. We serve as a voice for the goals and interests of the nation’s GWEPs, GACAs, and other groups providing education in geriatrics and gerontology. This symposium will first describe how geriatric educators inform policy. Then a historical perspective of how NAGE has influenced aging policy is provided. Recent efforts to increase funding for geriatric education will be shared, followed by future directions in policymaking.
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Mueller, Maria. "Light-induced Helix Movements in Channelrhodopsin-2." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089323.
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Electron crystallography has the unique advantage of visualizing membrane proteins in a native-like lipid environment, which likely favors the native conformation. In addition, it allows for the protein to undergo conformational changes in response to their activating signals. We used 2D crystals of channelrhodopsin-2, a cation-selective light-gated channel from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Nagel et al., 2003) to study light-induced conformational changes of this intriguing channel, which is currently a powerful tool in optogenetics. Therefore, 2D crystals of the slow photocycling C128T ChR2 mutant were exposed to 473 nm light and rapidly frozen to trap the open state. Projection difference maps at 6 Å resolution show the location, extent and direction of light-induced conformational changes in ChR2 during the transition from the closed state to the ion-conducting open state. Difference peaks indicate that transmembrane helices (TMHs) 2, 6, and 7 reorient or rearrange during the photocycle. No major differences were found near TMH3 and 4 at the dimer interface. While conformational changes in TMH6 and 7 are known from other microbial-type rhodopsins, our results indicate that TMH2 has a key role in light-induced channel opening and closing in ChR2.
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Atweh, George F., Joseph DeSimone, Yogen Saunthararajah, Hassana Fathallah, Rona S. Weinberg, Ronald L. Nagel, Mary E. Fabry, and Robert J. Adams. "Hemoglobinopathies." Hematology 2003, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 14–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2003.1.14.
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Abstract The outlook for patients with sickle cell disease has improved steadily during the last two decades. In spite of these improvements, curative therapies are currently available only to a small minority of patients. The main theme of this chapter is to describe new therapeutic options that are at different stages of development that might result in further improvements in the outlook for patients with these disorders. Dr. Joseph DeSimone and his colleagues had previously made the important observation that the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine can reverse the switch from adult to fetal hemoglobin in adult baboons. Although similar activity was demonstrated in patients with sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, concern about the toxicity of 5-azacytidine prevented its widespread use in these disorders. In Section I, Dr. DeSimone discusses the role of DNA methylation in globin gene regulation and describe recent clinical experience with decitabine (an analogue of 5-azacytidine) in patients with sickle cell disease. These encouraging studies demonstrate significant fetal hemoglobin inducing activity of decitabine in patients who fail to respond to hydroxyurea. In Section II, Dr. George Atweh continues the same theme by describing recent progress in the study of butyrate, another inducer of fetal hemoglobin, in patients with sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia. The main focus of his section is on the use of a combination of butyrate and hydroxyurea to achieve higher levels of fetal hemoglobin that might be necessary for complete amelioration of the clinical manifestations of these disorders. Dr. Atweh also describes novel laboratory studies that shed new light on the mechanisms of fetal hemoglobin induction by butyrate. In Section III, Dr. Ronald Nagel discusses the different available transgenic sickle mice as experimental models for human sickle cell disease. These experimental models have already had a significant impact on our understanding of the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Dr. Nagel describes more recent studies in which transgenic sickle mice provide the first proof of principle that globin gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells inhibits in vivo sickling and ameliorates the severity of the disease. Although stroke in adult patients with sickle cell disease is not as common as in children, adult hematologists, like their pediatric colleagues, need to make management decisions in adult patients with a stroke or a history of stroke. Dr. Robert Adams has led several large clinical studies that investigated the role of transfusions in the prevention of stroke in children with sickle cell disease. Much less is known, however, about the prevention of first or subsequent strokes in adult patients with sickle cell disease. In Section IV, Dr. Adams provides some general guidelines for the management of adult patients with stroke while carefully distinguishing between recommendations that are evidence-based and those that are anecdotal in nature.
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Drummond-Hay, Victoria, Peter Ayliffe, James Cymerman, Caroline Mills, and Alex Rickart. "The Maxillofacial Surgeon's Role in the Management of Nager Syndrome: A Great Ormond Street Hospital Case Series." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 56, no. 10 (December 2018): e86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.10.242.
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Sękowski, Krzysztof. "Analiza empirycznych argumentów na rzecz tezy o zróżnicowaniu kulturowym intuicji epistemicznych." Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 14, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.14.2.4.
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An analysis of empirical arguments for the thesis on cultural diversity of epistemic intuitionsThe founding text for the new current in modern philosophy—experimental philosophy—can be seen in Jonathan Weinberg, Shaun Nichols and Stephen Stich’s “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions” 2001. The authors describe in this article a study to prove cross-cultural differences in epistemic intuitions. On the basis of their results, they argue that since epistemic intuitions seem to serve a crucial role in the use of thought experiments, contemporary philosophical methodology is highly unjustified.That study has brought about at least three replication attempts Seyedsayamdost 2015; Kim, Yuan 2015; Nagel, San Juan, Mar 2013. None of them confirmed the original results.The aim of this article is to critically analyze in detail Weinberg, Nichols and Stich’s methodology and the three replications mentioned. Regarding the results of my analysis, I will try to examine what conclusions can be drawn with regard to the outcomes of analized studies. In particular I will refer to far-reaching conclusions about the universality of epistemic intuitions or universality of folk epistemology, which are sometimes—hastily, as I will argue—extrapolated from the results of such kind of studies e.g., Kim, Yuan 2015; Kim Yuan 2016.
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Talukder, AK, MA Rahman, MA Islam, MT Islam, ASM Selim, AK Paul, and MA Rahman. "Evaluation of health care and husbandry system of calves at buffalo farms in southern Bangladesh." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2016): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v13i2.26572.
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Calves with optimum health play a crucial role for sustainability of the dairy farms. This study was conducted to evaluate the present status of calf health care and husbandry system on 140 buffalo farms in southern Bangladesh. The data were collected during farm visit and recorded in prepared questionnaire. The results of the present study revealed that significantly lower number of farms (15.0%) had calves with good body condition (p<0.05) during farm visit. Navel cord disinfection to the newly born calves was not practiced in all these farms. Colostrum was fed to calves soon after birth in significantly lower number (4.3%) of farms (p<0.05). Furthermore, 13.6% farmers dewormed their buffalo calves (p<0.05) and calves in 11.4% farms were vaccinated against anthrax and foot and mouth disease (p<0.05). Sick calves were treated by buffalo owner themselves in significantly higher proportion of buffalo farms (59.3%) compared with treated by veterinarian (12.9%) and quack (27.8%) (p<0.05). Overall, the buffalo calf mortality was recorded 14.5% of which higher mortality (74.5%) was observed in first three months of age in comparison to other age groups. Moreover, the number of calves died was affected by herd size in the farms (R2=0.938, p<0.001). The helminthiasis (20.3%) was identified as most prevalent disease in buffalo calves followed by malnutrition (13.2%), indigestion (12.4%) and navel ill (9.3%). It can be concluded that health care and management system of buffalo calves in these dairies are extremely unsatisfactory and buffalo farmers need proper education and training about scientific knowledge of calf rearing practice.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 108-120 (2015)
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Nurgat, Yahya. "The Kaʿba Orientations. Readings in Islam’s Ancient House by Simon O'Meara." American Journal of Islam and Society 37, no. 3-4 (November 6, 2020): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v37i3-4.1425.
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The Kaʿba has central role in Islamic culture. It orients Muslims both physically and perceptually in their daily lives and worship. Recognising its obscurity in extant scholarship on Islamic art and architecture, Simon O'Meara seeks to understand how the Kaʿba works in the Islamic world. Inspired by Erwin Panofsky’s iconological method, he looks to the indigenous documents of the Islamic tradition, including the textual, visual and architectural. He extracts six different orientations of the Kaʿba (as qibla, navel, substructure, beloved, holder, and dwelling), with one chapter devoted to each. The first of its kind, O’Meara’s monograph is a highly original study which has paved the path for not only for future studies of the Kaʿba but also for all studies of Islamic art and architecture that are grounded in Islamic culture and tradition.
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Vries, Peer. "Should we really ReORIENT?" Itinerario 22, no. 3 (November 1998): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300009566.
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Andre Gunder Frank's latest work, ReORIENT: Global Economy in the Asian Age definitely is a book with a message. Its author sets out to challenge what according to him are the received opinions in historiography and social science on the making of the modern world. He does so relentlessly and overturns the ideas of such influential scholars as Marx, Weber, Polanyi, Rostow, Braudel and Wallerstein. As a matter of fact, of almost everybody who has ever touched upon the subject. All these misled if not downright misleading scholars are thought to suffer from Eurocentrism. Which of course is a Bad Thing. Frank uses the word to refer to people who profess to tell the history of the world but do so by preponderantly gazing at their European navel, unduly magnifying Europe's uniqueness and role in world history.
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LEBBAL, Salim, and Malik LAAMARI. "Population dynamics of aphids (Aphididae) on orange (Citrus sinensis ‘Thomson Navel’) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata ‘Blanco’)." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 107, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2016.107.1.14.
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Citrus fruits represent one of the most important fruit productions worldwide. However, they suffer from a numerous constraints. Aphids are among the causes of the decline in the production of citrus. In this study, the diversity of citrus aphids and their seasonal occurrence were explored on orange and mandarin, during 2012 and 2013, in an orchard located in Skikda province (Algeria). In total, six different aphid species were found during two years. The most common species was <em>Aphis spiraecola </em>Patch, 1914. Climatic conditions had an important role in the infestation level by aphids. There were changes of aphid dynamics between the two years of the investigation. No aphids was recorded in six months in 2012 (January, June, July, August, September and December) and in three months in 2013 (January, February and August). Besides, the number of identified aphid species increased from two to five. On the other hand, the orange trees seemed to be the most infested host species.
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Lovatt, Carol J. "Timing Citrus and Avocado Foliar Nutrient Applications to Increase Fruit Set and Size." HortTechnology 9, no. 4 (January 1999): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.4.607.
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The goal of this research was to identify the role essential nutrients play in the physiology of tree crops, and then to apply the nutrient as a foliar fertilizer to stimulate a specific metabolic process at phenological stages when nutrient demand is high. This approach has proven successful. A single winter prebloom foliar application of nitrogen as low-biuret urea [0.16 kg N/tree (0.35 lb N/tree)] to 30-year-old `Washington' navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) trees during flower initiation significantly increased yield and fruit number per tree for each of 3 consecutive years (P ≤ 0.05). The number of commercially valuable largesize fruit also increased significantly with yield increases (r2 = 0.88). Sodium tetraborate applied foliarly to `Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees at the cauliflower stage of inflorescence development (elongation of inflorescence secondary axes, pollen and ovule development) increased the number of pollen tubes reaching the ovule, ovule viability and cumulative yield (P ≤ 0.05). Additional examples are presented.
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Timmer, L. W., G. E. Brown, and S. E. Zitko. "The Role of Colletotrichum spp. in Postharvest Anthracnose of Citrus and Survival of C. acutatum on Fruit." Plant Disease 82, no. 4 (April 1998): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.4.415.
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Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes postharvest anthracnose of citrus fruit and is a common saprobe in citrus groves, whereas C. acutatum infects flower petals and causes postbloom fruit drop (PFD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether C. acutatum caused anthracnose, survived as quiescent infections on fruit, and represented a threat for introduction of the PFD pathogen to disease-free areas. When Robinson tangerine fruit were artificially inoculated with both species and exposed to high levels of ethylene, only fruit inoculated with C. gloeosporioides developed postharvest anthracnose. However, C. acutatum was readily reisolated from inoculation sites on asymptomatic fruit. Navel oranges harvested from groves with severe PFD the previous spring developed low levels of anthracnose, but only C. gloeosporioi-des was isolated from lesions. Valencia orange fruit harvested at bloom during a PFD outbreak had high surface populations of C. acutatum which declined rapidly during 2 to 3 weeks of storage. Quiescent infections formed on artificially inoculated and naturally exposed fruit were reduced but not eliminated by washing, waxing, and fungicide treatment in the packinghouse. Since C. acutatum does not produce postharvest anthracnose, the risk of introduction of this pathogen to disease-free areas is minimal. However, if fruit were harvested during a PFD outbreak, C. acutatum might survive standard packinghouse treatment and shipment as quiescent infections.
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Ouyang, Zhigang, Huihui Duan, Lanfang Mi, Wei Hu, Jianmei Chen, Xingtao Li, and Balian Zhong. "Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the YTH Domain-containing RNA-binding Protein Family in Citrus Sinensis." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 144, no. 2 (March 2019): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04567-18.
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In eukaryotic systems, messenger RNA regulations, including splicing, 3′-end formation, editing, localization, and translation, are achieved by different RNA-binding proteins and noncoding RNAs. The YTH domain is a newly identified RNA-binding domain that was identified by comparing its sequence with that of splicing factor YT521-B. Previous study showed that the YTH gene plays an important role in plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stress. In this study, 211 YTH genes were identified in 26 species that represent four major plant lineages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes could be divided into eight subgroups. All of the YTH genes contain a YT521 domain and have different structures. Ten YTH genes were identified in navel orange (Citrus sinensis). The expression profiles of these CitYTH genes were analyzed in different tissues and at different fruit developmental stages, and CitYTH genes displayed distinct expression patterns under heat, cold, salt, and drought stress. Furthermore, expression of the CitYTH genes in response to exogenous hormones was measured. Nuclear localization was also confirmed for five of the proteins encoded by these genes after transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. This study provides valuable information on the role of CitYTHs in the signaling pathways involved in environmental stress responses in Citrus.
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Cao, Shan, Jingyu Sun, Xiaoyong Yuan, Weihui Deng, Balian Zhong, and Jiong Chun. "Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds of Healthy and Huanglongbing-Infected Navel Orange and Pomelo Leaves by HS-GC-IMS." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 4119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184119.
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The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is the only natural vector of bacteria responsible for Huanglongbing (HLB), a worldwide destructive disease of citrus. ACP reproduces and develops only on the young leaves of its rutaceous host plants. Olfactory stimuli emitted by young leaves may play an important role in ACP control and HLB detection. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from healthy and HLB-infected young leaves of navel orange and pomelo were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). A total of 36 compounds (including dimers or polymers) were identified and quantified from orange and 10 from pomelo leaves. Some compounds showed significant differences in signal intensity between healthy and HLB-infected leaves and may constitute possible indicators for HLB infection. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly discriminated healthy and HLB-infected leaves in both orange and pomelo. HS-GC-IMS was an effective method to identify VOCs from leaves. This study may help develop new methods for detection of HLB or find new attractants or repellents of ACP for prevention of HLB.
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Navarro Manzano, Esther, Gines Luengo-Gil, Elisa Garcia-Garre, Maria Piedad Fernandez Perez, Ana Fernandez Sanchez, Alejandra Ivars Rubio, Pilar de la Morena, et al. "Circulating miR-200c-3p as a marker of metastatic disease at diagnosis in breast cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e12559-e12559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e12559.
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e12559 Background: MicroRNAs are involved in cancer biology through their role in regulation of protein expression. The miR-200 family plays a dual role in breast cancer (BC), both regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition and promoting metastatic colonization. Plasma levels of miR-200 have been previously evaluated as prognostic factors in early and metastatic BC (MBC) but its role as a potential diagnostic marker is less well established. The aim of this study was to determine the potential diagnostic value of miR-200c-3p plasmatic levels in women with locally advanced and metastatic BC. Methods: We included 73 BC patients and 14 controls. Plasma samples were obtained at diagnosis, before treatment. RNA from plasma samples was extracted with NucleoSpin miRNA plasma (Macherey-Nagel). We analyzed expression levels of miR-200c-3p, which were relativized (2-ΔΔCT method) to miR-16. Non-parametric statistical tests were used to determine the association of miR-200c levels with clinical variables. Receiver-operating curves (ROC) were constructed and diagnostic ability evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox models were used for survival analyses. Results: 73 BC patients were included: 36 locally advanced BC (LABC) and 37 MBC (7 recurrences and 30 MBC at initial diagnosis [MBCID]). Plasma miR-200c levels were significantly higher in MBC than in controls (p = 0.001) and in LABC (p = 0.001). We found differences neither for age nor for estrogen receptors, HER2, tumor subtype or histology. Overall and disease free survival did not differ by miR-200c levels in any of the groups. Among MBC patients, higher levels were observed in MBCID (p = 0.023). In the group of women with an initial diagnosis of BC (n = 65), high miR-200c levels (over 1st tertile) identified metastatic disease with a sensitivity of 90.0% (95%CI: 72.3-97.4%) and a specificity of 51.4% (95%CI: 34.3-68.3%); negative predictive value: 85.7%; positive predictive value: 61.4%; ROC AUC: 0.79. Conclusions: MiR-200c plasma levels are higher in BC patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis, and might be clinically useful to identify them. Further research on miR200c biological role in MBC and validation in larger populations with sequential samples are warranted.
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Lovatt, Carol J. "Properly Timed Foliar Nutrient Applications Provide an Efficient Means to Meet Nutrient Demand to Increase Flowering, Fruit Set, and Size of Citrus and Avocado." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 556f—557. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.556f.
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The goal of our research is to identify the role that specific essential nutrient elements play in the physiology of horticultural crops and then to apply the nutrient as a fertilizer to the foliage at key times in the phenology of the tree, i.e., a time when the demand for the nutrient is likely to be high, in order to stimulate a specific physiological process. This approach proved successful in the following completed studies. A single winter prebloom application of nitrogen as low-biuret urea made to the foliage of 30-year-old `Washington' navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) trees at the time of irreversible commitment to flowering significantly increased yield and fruit number per tree for each of three consecutive years. In addition, the number of commercially valuable fruit with diameters of 6.1 to 8.0 cm significantly increased as yield increased (r2=0.88). Applications of boron as sodium tetraborate to the foliage of a commercial orchard of `Hass' avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees at the cauliflower stage of inflorescence development (gametogenesis) increased the number of pollen tubes reaching the ovule, ovule viability and cumulative yield (P ≤ 0.05). Additional examples from ongoing research also will be presented.
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Suparmin, Suparmin, Halimatus Sa’diyah, Anas Zaeni, and Tajidan Tajidan. "Perubahan Bentuk Komoditi Unggulan Lokal Sebagai Alternatif Usaha di Desa Pringgarata." Jurnal Gema Ngabdi 2, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jgn.v2i3.111.
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This community service activity was carried out in Pringgarata Village, Pringgarata District, Central Lombok Regency in August 2019. This community service activity uses field learning methods which are strengthened by demonstrations of local commodity development and assisted by experts processing soybeans into soy milk and dregs. soybeans become naget. Based on the results of community service activities regarding agro-industrial development based on local commodities, it can be concluded that: 1) The extension participants have given positive responses to all stages of the activity which is indicated by the seriousness of the participants in listening and discussing existing problems and participating actively in the demonstration of making agro-industry products, 2) In general, extension participants have acquired knowledge and skills in producing from agro-industry unit products, and 3) The next suggestion is to help increase household income at extension sites and at the same time encourage farmers to provide raw materials for agro-industrial development hence an active role from the government and related parties in policy makers is needed to implement a model of income generation program through community empowerment that has been carried out through activities outreach
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Micklow, G. J., and W. Gong. "A multistage combustion model and soot formation model for direct-injection diesel engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070260137426.
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A multistage combustion model for diesel engines is presented in this paper. Three combustion stages, ignition of diesel, premixed combustion and diffusion combustion, are considered in the combustion process in a typical medium speed direct injection diesel engine. The transition from the ignition delay to the premixed combustion stage occurs when the highest temperature in the cylinder is beyond a critical value, and the transition from the premixed combustion model to the diffusion combustion model occurs when a calculated fraction of the premixed fuel is burned, which is determined from an empirical correlation based on the engine design and running conditions. Significant improvements in the predictions for in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were achieved compared with previous models. A soot model based on the Hiroyasu soot formation mechanism and the Nagle and Strickland-Constable soot oxidation mechanism was implemented in a standard KIVA3V code. The effect of the OH radical in soot oxidation was also incorporated into the soot model. Computations show that OH plays an important role during the late combustion stage. Predicted soot and NOx were compared with measured values and a good agreement was achieved.
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Reiner, Gerald, Josef Kuehling, Frederik Loewenstein, Mirjam Lechner, and Sabrina Becker. "Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome (SINS)." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061670.
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Tail biting is a prevalent and undesirable behaviour in pigs and a major source of significant reduction in well-being. However, focusing on biting considers only one part of the solution, because tail damage can be found with a high prevalence without any action by other pigs. The lesions are not limited to the tail but can also be found in the ears, heels, soles, claw coronary bands, teats, navel, vulva, and face. Environmental improvement alone often fails to overcome the problem. This review addresses a new inflammation and necrosis syndrome in swine (SINS). It shows the clinical signs and the frequencies of occurrence in different age groups. It compiles scientific evidence from clinical and histopathological studies in newborn piglets that argue for a primary endogenous aetiology of the disease. Bringing together the findings of a broad body of research, the possible mechanisms leading to the disease are identified and then discussed. This part will especially focus on microbe-associated molecular patterns in the circulation and their role in activating defence mechanisms and inflammation. Finally, the methods are identified to ameliorate the problem by optimizing husbandry and selecting a suitable breeding stock.
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Schubert, Vanessa, Jorge Santos Da Silva, and Carlos G. Dotti. "Localized recruitment and activation of RhoA underlies dendritic spine morphology in a glutamate receptor–dependent manner." Journal of Cell Biology 172, no. 3 (January 30, 2006): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200506136.
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Actin is the major cytoskeletal source of dendritic spines, which are highly specialized protuberances on the neuronal surface where excitatory synaptic transmission occurs (Harris, K.M., and S.B. Kater. 1994. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 17:341–371; Yuste, R., and D.W. Tank. 1996. Neuron. 16:701–716). Stimulation of excitatory synapses induces changes in spine shape via localized rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton (Matus, A. 2000. Science. 290:754–758; Nagerl, U.V., N. Eberhorn, S.B. Cambridge, and T. Bonhoeffer. 2004. Neuron. 44:759–767). However, what remains elusive are the precise molecular mechanisms by which different neurotransmitter receptors forward information to the underlying actin cytoskeleton. We show that in cultured hippocampal neurons as well as in whole brain synaptosomal fractions, RhoA associates with glutamate receptors (GluRs) at the spine plasma membrane. Activation of ionotropic GluRs leads to the detachment of RhoA from these receptors and its recruitment to metabotropic GluRs. Concomitantly, this triggers a local reduction of RhoA activity, which, in turn, inactivates downstream kinase RhoA-specific kinase, resulting in restricted actin instability and dendritic spine collapse. These data provide a direct mechanistic link between neurotransmitter receptor activity and the changes in spine shape that are thought to play a crucial role in synaptic strength.
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Sukhanova, А. А., and R. V. Osadchuk. "The role of myofascial pain syndrome and dysfunction in the development of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in women (Literature review)." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 5-6(151-152) (July 30, 2020): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2020.151-152.103.
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According to the classification of chronic pain syndromes proposed by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) and due to the high clinical significance, chronic pelvic pain (CPP) represents an independent nosological structure and is defined as pain in the pelvic region (in the lower abdomen and the lower back), mainly between the navel and the pubic symphysis, which lasts for at least six months and disrupts the normal functioning of the body. Myofascial pelvic pain syndrome (MPPS) in English literature is included in the subgroup of etiology of CPP. Myofascial pelvic pain syndrome itself is not a direct threat to life and health and does not require urgent help. But today it is almost not diagnosed and is not considered as a source of chronic pain and dysfunction in the pelvic region. Such patients, unfortunately, are left without appropriate treatment and cannot get rid of the oppressive pain. They often receive unnecessary treatment, including surgical interventions. This problem causes neurosis, depression, sexual dysfunction and, as a result, leads to the deterioration in the quality of life. CPP can often have multiple causes and should be evaluated in terms of the pathology of various physiological systems, including reproductive, urogenital, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and nervous system. Based on a full picture of the multifactorial nature of CPP, the treatment of this category of patients requires an integrated approach involving specialists in various fields. Particular attention in the differential diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain in women should be paid to abdominal myofascial pain syndrome, the role of which is currently underestimated. Therefore, doctors should be aware of the main directions of diagnosis and treatment of CPP due to myofascial pain syndrome. Keywords: chronic pelvic pain, myofascial syndrome, nidling, post-isometric relaxation of muscles, relising.
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Demkovich, Mark R., Bernarda Calla, Esther Ngumbi, Bradley S. Higbee, Joel P. Siegel, and May R. Berenbaum. "Differential regulation of cytochrome P450 genes associated with biosynthesis and detoxification in bifenthrin-resistant populations of navel orangewom (Amyelois transitella)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e0245803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245803.
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Pyrethroid resistance was first reported in 2013 for the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella, but the genetic underpinnings of pyrethroid resistance are unknown. We investigated the role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) belonging to the CYP3 and CYP4 clans using colonies derived from individuals collected in 2016 from almond orchards in two counties. One colony (ALM) originated from an almond orchard in Madera County with no reported pyrethroid resistance and the second colony (R347) originated from the same Kern County orchard where pyrethroid resistance was first reported. We used high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of 65 P450s in the CYP3 and CYP4 clans of A. transitella to identify P450s induced by bifenthrin and associated with pyrethroid resistance. Nine P450s were constitutively overexpressed in R347 compared to ALM, including CYP6AE54 (11.7-fold), belonging to a subfamily associated with metabolic pesticide detoxification in Lepidoptera and CYP4G89 (33-fold) belonging to a subfamily associated with cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) synthesis and resistance via reduced pesticide penetrance. Cuticular hydrocarbons analysis revealed that R347 produced twice as many total CHCs in the egg and adult stages as ALM. Topical toxicity bioassays for R347 determined that egg mortality was reduced at low bifenthrin concentrations and larval mortality was reduced at high concentrations of bifenthrin compared to ALM. Our discovery of both changes in metabolism and production of CHCs for R347 have implications for the possible decreased efficacy of other classes of insecticide used to control this insect. The threat of widespread pyrethroid resistance combined with the potential for cross-resistance to develop through the mechanism of reduced penetrance warrants developing management strategies that facilitate insecticide passage across the cuticle.
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Plumbridge, Jacqueline. "An Alternative Route for Recycling of N-Acetylglucosamine from Peptidoglycan Involves the N-Acetylglucosamine Phosphotransferase System in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 18 (July 17, 2009): 5641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00448-09.
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ABSTRACT A set of enzymes dedicated to recycling of the amino sugar components of peptidoglycan has previously been identified in Escherichia coli. The complete pathway includes the nagA-encoded enzyme, N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcNAc6P) deacetylase, of the catabolic pathway for use of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Mutations in nagA result in accumulation of millimolar concentrations of GlcNAc6P, presumably by preventing peptidoglycan recycling. Mutations in the genes encoding the key enzymes upstream of nagA in the dedicated recycling pathway (ampG, nagZ, nagK, murQ, and anmK), which were expected to interrupt the recycling process, reduced but did not eliminate accumulation of GlcNAc6P. A mutation in the nagE gene of the GlcNAc phosphotransferase system (PTS) was found to reduce by 50% the amount of GlcNAc6P which accumulated in a nagA strain and, together with mutations in the dedicated recycling pathway, eliminated all the GlcNAc6P accumulation. This shows that the n agE-encoded PTS transporter makes an important contribution to the recycling of peptidoglycan. The manXYZ-encoded PTS transporter makes a minor contribution to the formation of cytoplasmic GlcNAc6P but appears to have a more important role in secretion of GlcNAc and/or GlcNAc6P from the cytoplasm.
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Alferez, Fernando, Lorenzo Zacarias, and Jacqueline Burns. "Postharvest Peel Pitting in Citrus Fruit at Nonchilling Temperatures Is Affected by Climatic Factors and Advanced by Changes in Peel Water Status." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1144C—1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1144c.
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Several citrus varieties, including `Navel' oranges, `Marsh' grapefruit and `Fallglo' tangerines are prone to develop postharvest peel pitting at nonchilling temperatures. The disorder is characterized by depressions in flavedo that ultimately affect oil glands. Increasing evidence indicates that changes in peel water status during postharvest handling of fruit plays a major role in the appearance of the disorder. Peel pitting was triggered when fruit were transferred from low to high relative humidity (RH) consistently in several citrus growing areas. A transient increase in fruit ethylene production and ABA content was observed within the first 24 hours after transfer from low to high RH. Water potential decreased with storage at low RH in flavedo and albedo, and recovered faster in flavedo than in albedo cells upon transfer to high RH. The differential recovery in water potential between flavedo and albedo is postulated to cause collapse of external albedo layers and pitting. The effect of climatic conditions in the field at harvest was also examined. Harvesting fruit at low RH induced more severe pitting after storage than harvesting at high RH. In addition, increasing hours of low RH storage prior to storage at high RH resulted in increased pitting. The results demonstrate that change in peel water status is a major factor leading to the development of postharvest peel pitting in citrus.
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Neaman, Elliot. "The War that Took Place in Germany: Intellectuals and September 11." German Politics and Society 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503002782486181.
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The epigraph seems to border on hyperbole: were the debates in thefall of 2001 really “exclusively” subsumed by domestic politics? ButBassam Tibi, one of the hundreds of experts who made the roundson the endless talk shows and conferences in Germany, may be on tosomething. In a recent book about how the public intellectuals, religiousleaders, and celebrities reacted to the terror attacks of September11th, Der Spiegel essayist Hendryk Broder made a similar point ashe aimed his bittersweet satirical wit at the navel-gazing, self-righteousness,and hypocrisy of Germany’s public intellectuals.2 Broder’sbook is a self-conscious example of that timeless German genre, theStreitschrift, an erudite polemic in the service of both noble edificationand less high-minded settling of scores with one’s intellectualopponents. Although exaggerated, one-sided, and terribly funny,Broder’s analysis of the German public discourse of the fall of 2001does contain some serious arguments that anyone interested in theEuropean perception of America cannot ignore. In this essay, I willsketch the contours of that reaction by focusing first on the kinds ofissues that preoccupied German intellectuals in the wake of theattacks of September 11th; second, I will contrast that reaction to how ordinary Germans and government officials perceived thoseevents; third, I will explore the role that anti-Americanism played inthe intellectual debates of fall 2001; and finally, I will reflect on thesignificance of September 11th for German society in general.
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Bondy, Patrick. "Truth and Argument Evaluation." Informal Logic 30, no. 2 (July 20, 2010): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v30i2.2931.
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We are all familiar with the traditional conception of what makes for a good argument: that its premises are true and that it is valid.[1] That traditional view of the goodness of arguments has sustained serious criticism over the past few decades, so that most theorists have dropped either the validity requirement or the truth requirement or both. Almost all theorists that I am aware of take it that an argument is good if it fulfills its purpose, and it is widely agreed that arguments can fulfill their purpose even when not all of their premises are true, or they are not deductively valid. Still, some theorists retain a focus on the truth-directed nature of arguments, and those theorists rightly hold that, given such a focus, truth plays an important role in the evaluation of arguments. Johnson (2000) goes so far as to reintroduce truth as a constraint on premise adequacy, alongside the criterion of acceptability, and he holds that in a case where a premise is false but acceptable, truth (/falsity) outweighs acceptability. What I propose to do in this essay is to discuss the role that truth plays in the evaluation of arguments, when the purpose of arguments is understood as truth-directed in some important way. I begin with a discussion of truth and the purpose of arguments. In the second section of the paper, I give an argument to the effect that the theory of argument evaluation ought not to involve truth as a constraint on premise adequacy. The third section contains my argument for the positive claim that the proper place for the concept of truth is in the metatheory in terms of which the theory of evaluation is worked out.[2] I conclude the essay with a response to Hamblin’s (1970) argument that no arguments are truth-directed. [1] Hitchcock (1999) traces the concept of soundness in the textbook tradition to Black (1946), and before that (but with different terminology), to Cohen and Nagel (1934). [2] By "theory of evaluation" I mean the set of criteria that a theory provides us with for evaluating arguments. By "the metatheory" in terms of which the theory of evaluation is worked out, I mean the broader theory of argument, including reference to what it is that the criteria for argument evaluation are supposed to accomplish, in which the theory of evaluation is articulated.
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Eklöf, Bo. "The Role of Kuwait in the Development of Early Thrombus Removal in Patients with Acute Iliofemoral Vein Thrombosis: In Memory of Dr. Nael Al-Naqeeb." Medical Principles and Practice 23, no. 2 (December 7, 2013): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000356858.
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Mumfaz, Soofia, and Anjum Fatima. "The Cultural Conception and Structural Perpetuation of Female Subordination: An Examination of Gender Relations among the Populations of the Chalt-Chaprote Community in the Nager Valley of Northern Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (December 1, 1992): 621–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.621-635.
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This paper examines the subordination of women by men among the populations of the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The examination is undertaken with reference to the Chalt-Chaprote community in the Nagar Valley, where fieldwork was conducted in 1989-90. Hence, we: (a) Analyse the manner in which the subordination of women is manifested, and reinforced during different socioeconomic activities; and (b) Determine the effects, or lack of effect, on the status and role of women, of changing conditions (as a consequence of increased incorporation of the region in which the community is located, within the political economy).
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Härtig, Elisabeth, Anja Hartmann, Manuela Schätzle, Alessandra M. Albertini, and Dieter Jahn. "The Bacillus subtilis nrdEF Genes, Encoding a Class Ib Ribonucleotide Reductase, Are Essential for Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 8 (August 2006): 5260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00599-06.
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ABSTRACT Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential for the biosynthesis of the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates of DNA. Recently, it was proposed that externally supplied deoxyribonucleosides or DNA is required for the growth of Bacillus subtilis under strict anaerobic conditions (M. J. Folmsbee, M. J. McInerney, and D. P. Nagle, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:5252-5257, 2004). Cultivation of B. subtilis on minimal medium in the presence of oxygen indicators in combination with oxygen electrode measurements and viable cell counting demonstrated that growth occurred under strict anaerobic conditions in the absence of externally supplied deoxyribonucleosides. The nrdEF genes encode the only obvious RNR in B. subtilis. A temperature-sensitive nrdE mutant failed to grow under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, indicating that this oxygen-dependent class I RNR has an essential role under both growth conditions. Aerobic growth and anaerobic growth of the nrdE mutant were rescued by addition of deoxynucleotides. The nrd locus consists of an nrdI-nrdE-nrdF-ymaB operon. The 5′ end of the corresponding mRNA revealed transcriptional start sites 45 and 48 bp upstream of the translational start of nrdI. Anaerobic transcription of the operon was found to be dependent on the presence of intact genes for the ResDE two-component redox regulatory system. Two potential ResD binding sites were identified approximately 62 bp (site A) and 50 bp (site B) upstream of the transcriptional start sites by a bioinformatic approach. Only mutation of site B eliminated nrd expression. Aerobic transcription was ResDE independent but required additional promoter elements localized between 88 and 275 bp upstream of the transcriptional start.
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Meng, Lu-Lu, Sheng-Min Liang, Anoop Kumar Srivastava, Yan Li, Chun-Yan Liu, Ying-Ning Zou, Kamil Kuča, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, and Qiang-Sheng Wu. "Easily Extractable Glomalin-Related Soil Protein as Foliar Spray Improves Nutritional Qualities of Late Ripening Sweet Oranges." Horticulturae 7, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7080228.
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The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sweet oranges is well known, but the function of their secondary metabolite, especially the easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EE-GRSP), an active fraction of glomalin, is still unclear. The proposed study aimed to analyze the field response of foliar application of exogenous EE-GRSP on tree mycorrhizal development and fruit quality of two sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) varieties viz., Lane Late Navel (LLN) and Rohde Red Valencia (RRV). Application of EE-GRSP significantly increased the root mycorrhizal colonization and soil mycorrhizal hyphal length in both the sweet orange varieties. The external quality of fruits (fruit weight, polar diameter, and equatorial diameter) also improved in response to foliar application of EE-GRSP in both sweet orange varieties. However, EE-GRSP treatment showed no change in fruit soluble solid content, while it increased the Vc content, solids-acid ratio, fructose, glucose, and sucrose content of sarcocarp in the two sweet oranges varieties. The LLN variety treated with EE-GRSP recorded significantly higher N, P, K, Fe, and Si content of sarcocarp as a mark of nutritional quality, while the RRV variety treated with EE-GRSP displayed a higher concentration of nutrients like Cu, Fe, Si, and Zn in the sarcocarp as compared with the corresponding non-treated control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding the improvement in fruit quality of late-ripening sweet oranges (especially LLN) in response to foliar application of EE-GRSP as another potential biostimulant.
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Watanabe, Shinji, Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka. "Functional Mapping of the Nucleoprotein of Ebola Virus." Journal of Virology 80, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 3743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.8.3743-3751.2006.
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ABSTRACT At 739 amino acids, the nucleoprotein (NP) of Ebola virus is the largest nucleoprotein of the nonsegmented negative-stranded RNA viruses, and like the NPs of other viruses, it plays a central role in virus replication. Huang et al. (Y. Huang, L. Xu, Y. Sun, and G. J. Nabel, Mol. Cell 10:307-316, 2002) previously demonstrated that NP, together with the minor matrix protein VP24 and polymerase cofactor VP35, is necessary and sufficient for the formation of nucleocapsid-like structures that are morphologically indistinguishable from those seen in Ebola virus-infected cells. They further showed that NP is O glycosylated and sialylated and that these modifications are important for interaction between NP and VP35. However, little is known about the structure-function relationship of Ebola virus NP. Here, we examined the glycosylation of Ebola virus NP and further investigated its properties by generating deletion mutants to define the region(s) involved in NP-NP interaction (self-assembly), in the formation of nucleocapsid-like structures, and in the replication of the viral genome. We were unable to identify the types of glycosylation and sialylation, although we did confirm that Ebola virus NP was glycosylated. We also determined that the region from amino acids 1 to 450 is important for NP-NP interaction (self-assembly). We further demonstrated that these amino-terminal 450 residues and the following 150 residues are required for the formation of nucleocapsid-like structures and for viral genome replication. These data advance our understanding of the functional region(s) of Ebola virus NP, which in turn should improve our knowledge of the Ebola virus life cycle and its extreme pathogenicity.
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Thinh, Du Phuc, Tang Thi Kim Hong, and Huynh Van Biet. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE DNA EXTRACTION PROTOCOL FROM WOOD SAMPLE BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODS – CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (December 11, 2017): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/6/9724.
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The DNA extraction is one of the first steps and plays animportant role in study on genome of any species on earth. Depending on the purpose and object of study, DNA can be extracted from various tissues.For plants, DNA is usually extracted from the leaves, seeds and young buds, in which these tissues are the best DNA source and can be extracted easily. However, the collection of sample from mature trees, which are generally tall, isdifficult and need more facilities. Consequently, it leads to be limited for the study scope.The proposed solutionis to use a wood tissue instead ofthe leaves, seeds and young due to they are easily collected. The problem is very difficult to extract high quality DNA from the wood tissue (Verbylaite et al., 2010). However, if the extraction of DNA from wood tissue would besuccessful, it would open up many research directions and could turn techniques that seemed unfeasible before into the effective solution. Extracting and analyzing DNA from dried wood and processed wood could be developed to explore the possibility of identifying the species and theirorigin. This could be greatly useful for determining the legality of wood log and wood products, and for deterring trade in illegal wood products (Tsumura et al.,2011). Currently, there are some commercialized kits, enabling DNA extraction from wood more easily,e.g. DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen), Nucleospin Plant II (Macherey-Nagel), Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Fermentas) and innuPREP Plant DNA Kit (Analytik Jena). However, the commercial Kitsare expensive. Meanwhile, there are some cheaper methods, applying for DNA extraction from wood successfully, such as SDS method (Edwards et al.,1991; Goodwin and Lee, 1993), protein precipitation protocol (Dellaporta et al., 1983; Fang et al., 1992), especially CTAB method, obtaining with a high DNA concentration (Doyle J and Doyle H., 1987). The DNA extracted by CTAB protocol is less pure; however, they are still suitable to use in molecular biology. The objective of this work was to optimize the conditions of CTAB protocol for DNA extraction from wood. The two parameters centrifugation time and volume ratio of isopropanol to solutions containing DNA that affect the yield and quality DNA were explored using the response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite design (CCD) was used to obtain the experimental design matrix. This approach has limited number of actual experiments performed where as allowing probing into possible interaction between these parameters studied and their effect on quantity and quality DNA.
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Stojkovska, Lidija, and Gordana Pano. "THE ROLE OF PATRONAGE NURSE IN EDUCATION, CARE AND TREATMENT OF WOMAN AFTER GIVING BIRTH." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij2802637s.
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Not long ago, mothers for the care of their newborns were prepared to listen to the advice of experienced women from their immediate surroundings. But today, modern society offers many opportunities such as parenting schools, baby programs, radio and TV shows and magazines. But regardless of the degree of preparation for the first days with the baby, for each mother, the most important is the visit and the help it receives from the patronage nurse. The patronage service is an important segment of the primary health care, that is, they have all health care homes in the Republic of Macedonia.The work of the patronage nurse with mothers and babies takes place in such a way that on average it covers about 5,000 to 6,000 inhabitants. When the patronage nurse receives official information that a mother with a newborn baby has appeared in her region, she goes on that day on her first visit. The first visit usually lasts about two hours, and during that time, the patronage sister first examines the mother and the possible side effects after delivery, which includes a breast examination, an examination of the uterus cavity and a review of the episiotomy, examines the psychological state of mother and the possible occurrence of mental illness, gives advice to the mother in terms of hygiene and personal nutrition. The second step is the mother's explanation of how the baby is bathing (the nurse baths the baby for the first time in the home), how to handle the navel, how to change the newborn baby, dress, etc.The next day, if the mother is ready to bathe her baby, she does so, but under the supervision of the patronage nurse, which helps her. It happens that the mother for this act (the bathing of the baby) gets freedom in doing it even the third, fourth day. But the patronage sister is here to patiently explain and encourage her mother, and this is part of her work. The patronage sister strives to train the mother of everything she needs to do about the baby, but also for herself.While the patronage nurse visits the family, she monitors the relationship between the mother and the baby and their health, but also the relationships in the whole family, showing what is important and gradually removing the perceived irregularities. For this, the standards of "Good Practice" are especially important, which the nurses have in their guides, and on the basis of which they record the program of work in each family.The responsibility of the patronage nurse for the mother and her newborn child does not end after the fifth visit, or the greater number of visits to which she goes to one family. Standards oblige two more visits during the year, although research shows that such visits are more frequent. Often, mutual trust and friendship are established between the family and the patronage nurse, and so often the other members of the family, not just the mother and the baby, count on her help.
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Vallon, Volker, Timo Rieg, Sun Young Ahn, Wei Wu, Satish A. Eraly, and Sanjay K. Nigam. "Overlapping in vitro and in vivo specificities of the organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 for loop and thiazide diuretics." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 294, no. 4 (April 2008): F867—F873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00528.2007.
Full textAbstract:
Organic anion transporter (OAT) genes have been implicated in renal secretion of organic anions, but the individual in vivo contributions of OAT1 (first identified as NKT) and OAT3 remain unclear. Potential substrates include loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) and thiazide diuretics (e.g., bendroflumethiazide), which reach their tubular sites of action mainly by proximal tubular secretion. Previous experiments in Oat1 knockout (−/−) mice revealed an almost complete loss of renal secretion of the prototypic organic anion p-aminohippurate (PAH) and a role of OAT1 in tubular secretion of furosemide (Eraly SA, Vallon V, Vaughn D, Gangoiti JA, Richter K, Nagle M, Monte JC, Rieg T, Truong DM, Long JM, Barshop BA, Kaler G, Nigam SK. J Biol Chem 281: 5072–5083, 2006). In this study we found that both furosemide and bendroflumethiazide inhibited mOat1- and mOat3-mediated uptake of a labeled tracer in Xenopus oocytes injected with cRNA, consistent with their being substrates for mouse OAT1 and OAT3. Experiments in Oat3−/− mice revealed intact renal secretion of PAH, but the dose-natriuresis curves for furosemide and bendroflumethiazide were shifted to the right and urinary furosemide excretion was impaired similar to the defect in Oat1−/− mice. Thus, whereas OAT1 (in contrast to OAT3) is the classic basolateral PAH transporter of the proximal tubule, both OAT1 and OAT3 contribute similarly to normal renal secretion of furosemide and bendroflumethiazide, and a lack of either one is not fully compensated by the other. Although microarray expression analysis in the kidneys of Oat1−/− and Oat3−/− mice revealed somewhat altered expression of a small number of transport-related genes, none were common to both knockout models. When searching for polymorphisms involved in human diuretic responsiveness, it may be necessary to consider both OAT1 and OAT3, among other genes.
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Caruso, Paola, Maria Patrizia Russo, Marco Caruso, Mario Di Guardo, Giuseppe Russo, Simona Fabroni, Nicolina Timpanaro, and Concetta Licciardello. "A Transcriptional Analysis of the Genes Involved in the Ascorbic Acid Pathways Based on a Comparison of the Juice and Leaves of Navel and Anthocyanin-Rich Sweet Orange Varieties." Plants 10, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071291.
Full textAbstract:
Sweet oranges are an important source of ascorbic acid (AsA). In this study, the content of AsA in the juice and leaves of four orange clonal selections, different in terms of maturity time and the presence/absence of anthocyanins, was correlated with the transcription levels of the main genes involved in the biosynthesis, recycling, and degradation pathways. Within each variety, differences in the above pathways and the AsA amount were found between the analysed tissues. Variations were also observed at different stages of fruit development and maturation. At the beginning of fruit development, AsA accumulation was attributable to the synergic action of l-galactose and Myo-inositol, while the l-gulose pathway was predominant between the end of fruit development and the beginning of ripening. In leaves, the l-galactose pathway appeared to play a major role in AsA accumulation, even though higher GalUr isoform expression suggests a synergistic contribution of both pathways in this tissue. In juice, the trend of the AsA content may be related to the decrease in the transcription levels of the GME, GDH, MyoOx, and GalUr12 genes. Newhall was the genotype that accumulated the most AsA. The difference between Newhall and the other varieties seems to be attributable to the GLDH, GalUr12, APX2, and DHAR3 genes.
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Fageh, Achmad. "PENERAPAN MAQASID AL-SHARI‘AH PADA LEMBAGA KEUANGAN ISLAM." JES (Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah) 2, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/jes.v2i2.42.
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Islamic finance made its first appearance in the 1970s. Since its inception, Islamic finance has made phenomenal progress and progressed beyond its traditional market into a global phenomenon. The recent global financial crisis has also brought Islamic finance into navel attention. Regardless of the minimal impact accused on Islamic finance, the crisis offers an opportunity for introspection and evaluation. It is inevitable to determine whether it can be a viable alternative to conventional systems in global financial markets. Therefore, Islamic financial institutions must ensure that all transactions are in accordance with sharia, not only in the form and technical law, but more importantly, in their economic substance, which should be based on the objectives outlined by the sharia, also known as maqa>s}id al-shari>’ah. This article aims at examining the concept of maqa>s}id al-shari>’ah of Islamic jurisprudence in order to appreciate its contribution toward more comprehensive, rational and realistic answers to contemporary financial issues and thereby to increase the awareness of the maqasid approach in structuring and developing Islamic finance products. For this purpose, the author examine the literal and conceptual meaning of maqa>s}id al-shari>’ah and scrutinise its position in Islamic law. They also highlight the essential elements of maqasid al-shari'ah and explain how this approach may contribute to better solutions for various Islamic finance issues and challenge. Islamic finance as an institution based on the ethical and moral framework of Islamic law assumes a distinctive role in society. Furthermore, the maqa>s}id al-shari>’ah framework also implies that. The characteristics of Islamic finance institutions are shaped by higher Islamic legal objectives that emphasize overall social and economic goodness rather than infectious greed and infectious individualism. Productive benefits are commendable as long as they are in accordance with the principles of justice as determined in the sharia.
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Rodriguez, A., L. J. Royo, F. Goyache, C. Diez, E. Moran, A. Salas, and E. Gomez. "249BOVINE GRANULOSA CELLS MRNA EXPRESSION OF PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-± AND THE PROTO-ONCOGENE C-FOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab249.
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PPARα and c-Fos are involved in regulation of gene expression and are known to be dependent on retinoic acid (RA), which in turn influences oocyte growth and developmental competence (Duque et al., 2002 Hum. Reprod. 17, 2706–2714; Hidalgo et al., 2003. Reproduction 125, 409–416), probably acting in part through granulosa cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) heterodimerizes with the retinoid receptor X (RXR), while c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimerizes with liganded retinoic acid receptors (RARs), then preventing formation of transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) complexes capable of DNA binding. Cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP) limits RA excess and regulates the transcriptional potential of RA;; CRABPII has been detected in rat granulosa cells from mature follicles and luteal cells. The aim of this study was to investigate PPARα, c-Fos and CRABPII mRNA expression in bovine granulosa cells. In parallel, other genes whose expression can be influenced by RA were analyzed: luteinizing hormone receptor (LHr), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHr), aromatase and growth hormone (GH). Ovaries were collected at a local abattoir and kept in saline at 30–35°C. Granulosa cells were obtained by aspirating 2- to 7-mm antral follicle contents, pelleted at 700g for 4min and resuspended in RNA-later (Ambion®). Total RNA was isolated with a NucleoSpin® RNAII kit (Macherey-Nagel), and mRNA was reverse transcribed into single-stranded cDNA using a 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit for RT-PCR (AMV) (Roche). A PCR standard method was made using 1μL of the cDNA as a template. All PCR primer couples were designed on the basis of the bovine sequence, but c-Fos and CRABPII primers were designed based on the human-murine sequences. Primers within the couple were located in different exons to distinguish DNA from RNA amplification. CRABPII was further investigated in bovine whole ovary, corpus luteum (CL) and liver, in a search for positive controls. Bovine β-actin, 18S and 28S were examined in each sample as positive controls for RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis efficiency. TenμL of product were loaded into an agarose 2% gel in TBE buffer containing ethidium bromide, and were separated by horizontal electrophoresis. Gels were visualized with ultraviolet light and photographed using a digital camera. Gene expression in granulosa was demonstrated for PPARα, c-Fos, LHr, FSHr, aromatase, GH and controls (β-actin, 18S and 28S) but CRABPII gene did not express in granulosa cells, whole ovary, CL or liver under our experimental conditions. While lacking CRABPII expression remains intriguing, the expressed genes support a role of retinoid pathway within granulosa cells under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, because granulosa cells used in the present experiments were derived from follicles providing oocytes for IVM-IVF. Grant support: Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (AGL-2002-01175).
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Chester, D. K. "Man's Dependence on the Earth: The Role of The Geosciences in the environment edited by A. A. Archer, G. W. Lutting and I. I. Snezhko, Paris, UNESCO, Stuttgart, Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nagele u. Obermiller) and London, HMSO, 1987. No. of p." Geological Journal 24, no. 4 (April 30, 2007): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350240412.
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