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Journal articles on the topic 'Roll flattening'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Ilmola, Joonas, Aarne Pohjonen, Jari Larkiola, and Jari Nylander. "A New Method Predicting Contact Length and Flattening in Temper Rolling." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.605.

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The current trend in temper rolling is to make a small reduction to steel strip in order to achieve higher strength with good formability and toughness. In addition, very high strength steels can be cold rolled twice with very small reductions. This causes problems in setup values for cold rolling. Rolling models are usually overestimating roll flattening in the case of small reductions.In temper rolling thickness reduction is small (0.5 – 3%) and the elastic deformation of the work roll should be taken into account [3]. However, standard circular arc roll gap models (e.g. Bland Ford Ellis com

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2

Mauer, Paul, Bernhardt Weyh, and Paul Josef Mauk. "Hybrid Calculations of Bending Deformations for 20 Roll Cold Rolling Mill." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.856.

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In multi-high mills, the slim fixed floating work rolls are supported by primary and secondary intermediate rolls and several supporting rolls mounted pairs-wise on supporting shafts. Over the eccentric adjustment of saddle assemblies and hydraulic adjustment device the roll gap adjusts the specific elastic bending deformation of the support system. Based on a hybrid calculation model the influence and limits of an active adjustment device for 20 roll mill will be presented. Thereby the bending deformations as well as the contact deformations of the complete system including the forming proces

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3

Li, Ling, Ryo Matsumoto, and Hiroshi Utsunomiya. "Experimental Study of Roll Flattening in Cold Rolling Process." ISIJ International 58, no. 4 (2018): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2017-623.

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4

Yuan, Zheng Wen, Hong Xiao, Hong Biao Xie, and Shao Kun Zhang. "Analysis on the Error of Semi-Infinite Body Model in Roll Flattening Calculation." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.1213.

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To improve the accuracy of roll flattening calculation based on semi-infinite body model, a more accurate roll flattening model is proposed in this paper, which is derived basing on boundary integral equation method. The lateral surface displacement decay functions are established. Based on the boundary integral equation method, the numerical solution of the finite length semi-infinite body under the distributed force is obtained and verified by Finite Element Method (FEM). Based on the new model, the error of semi-infinite body model is analyzed in different length-diameter ratio and non-cont

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5

MATSUMOTO, Hiromi, and Toshiyuki SHIRAISHI. "Elastic-Plastic Theory of Temper Rolling with Noncircular Roll Flattening." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 49, no. 565 (2008): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.49.153.

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6

Li, Bo, Qing Dong Zhang, and Xiao Feng Zhang. "Effect of Three Types of Driving Modes of Rolling Mill with Six Rolls on the Friction Force between Rolls." Advanced Materials Research 572 (October 2012): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.572.176.

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Three-dimensional finite element model of rolling mill with six rolls in a factory is modeled by nonlinear FEM software called ABAQUS. It is a three-dimensional elastic-plastic rolling model. It includes not only elastic-plastic deformation of strip but also the bending of roll system and flattening of rolls. It can describe the changes in friction force between rolls better. Conclusions are as follows. When the driving roll is the backup roll, friction force between the backup roll and the intermediate roll is easy to reach the maximum value, slipping phenomenon is easy to appear. When the dr

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7

Shinkin, Vladimir N. "Plastic Twisting of Erect Metal Roller." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.487.

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The twisting of an erect round metal roller (beam, roll) has a place in many metallurgical processes. For example, in the rolls of a wide-band mill at rolling of metal slab, in the leading rolls of flattening machines, in the asymmetric three-roll machines at bending of metal sheet, and so on. Under the large external torques in an erect metal roll, the plastic deformations can occur, which lead to the large residual stresses after an unloading of round roll. These residual stresses can bend the axis of the roll or cause it to a collapse under the subsequent loads. To estimate the value of res

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8

Bai, Z. H., Y. Xing, S. Y. Liu, B. Y. Li, Y. X. Liu, and Y. Y. Cui. "Calculating the flattening coefficient between roll gaps at the horizontal deflection of work rolls." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 46, no. 2 (2017): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2017.1364036.

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9

Dixon, A. E., and W. Y. D. Yuen. "The development of a fast and robust computer model for metal rolling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 2 (2003): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440503321148812.

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A combined analytical/numerical solution method is developed to solve the equations that describe stresses in the plastic deformation of metal strip during rolling together with the resultant roll flattening. This gives a model that is more robust and computationally faster for the same accuracy than standard numerical schemes. Initially, the model assumes the elastically deformed rolls to be approximated by a circular arc profile when in contact with the strip, but it is later extended to calculate the deformed roll profile from the pressure profile through the roll gap. Both versions are sui

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10

Xiao, Hong, Zheng-wen Yuan, and Tao Wang. "Roll Flattening Analytical Model in Flat Rolling by Boundary Integral Equation Method." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 20, no. 10 (2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1006-706x(13)60174-0.

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11

Zhou, Shunxin, Paul Funke, and Jue Zhong. "Influence of roll geometry and strip width on flattening in flat rolling." Steel Research 67, no. 5 (1996): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.199605477.

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12

Utsunomiya, H., P. Hartley, and I. Pillinger. "Three-Dimensional Elastic-Plastic Finite-Element Analysis of the Flattening of Wire Between Plain Rolls*." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 3 (2000): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1365158.

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It is normal industrial practice to roll round edged flat wires from round circular wires using plain rolls. Although this is not a complex type of metal forming process, the internal deformation is highly three-dimensional. It is important to be able to determine the lateral spread, elongation and final profile precisely. In this paper, this process has been analyzed using an elastic-plastic finite element program. Firstly, algorithms for integrating the constitutive equations, i.e., return mapping algorithms, are evaluated to determine the most accurate technique. Then, the influences of fri

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13

Zhou, Shunxin, Paul Funke, Jue Zhong, and Christian Plociennik. "Modification of a classical formula for determination of roll flattening in flat rolling." Steel Research 67, no. 11 (1996): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.199605525.

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14

GONG, DIANYAO, JIANZHONG XU, ZHENGYI JIANG, XIAOMING ZHANG, XIANGHUA LIU, and GUODONG WANG. "EFFECT OF ASYMMETRICAL STAND STIFFNESS ON HOT ROLLED STRIP SHAPE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (2008): 5734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051091.

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The difference of elastic springs between the operating side (OS) and driving side (DS) of rolling mill has a significant influence on the strip shape not just the strip thickness. Based on the slit beam and roll deformation theories, the roll force distribution was analysed considering the asymmetric stiffness of the OS and DS of rolling mill, and the work roll and backup roll deformation equations were deduced respectively, and the thickness distribution in lateral direction of the hot rolled strip at exit was discussed. Using the roll elastic deformation analysis software which was develope

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15

Larkiola, Jari, Jari Nylander, V. Kähkönen, and M. Judin. "Prediction of Rolling Force during Temper Rolling." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.584.

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In temper rolling thickness reduction is small (0,5 – 2%) and the elastic deformation of the work roll should be taken into account. During finishing rolling, classical cold rolling theories fail to predict the roll flattening and thus the rolling force. Numerous different mathematical models have been developed for temper rolling process. However, often the non-circular theories are computationally expensive and the range of usability is questionable. In this study, elasto- plastic finite element analysis, laboratory rolling tests and inverse computing from skin pass mill process data has bee

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16

Kozakiewicz, Paweł, Bartłomiej Rębkowski, Grzegorz Koczan, and Sławomir Krzosek. "Influence of machining technologies and quality of logs on material losses of typical supply of Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) destined for layered floorboards." Folia Forestalia Polonica 60, no. 4 (2018): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2018-0025.

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Abstract Pine wood is commonly used in the production of floorings and is mainly used for solid wood planks and as a base in multi-layer flooring material. From an economic and ecological point of view, flaws such as flattening or heartwood ratio are very important when buying material for production. 40 logs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) have been selected from wood deposit, from typical wood delivery. The ratios of sapwood and heartwood have been quantified, as well as eccentricity and flattening, in order to determine the suitability of the selected material for processing into floori

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17

Dbouk, Talib, Pierre Montmitonnet, and Nicolas Legrand. "Two-Dimensional Roll Bite Model with Lubrication for Cold Strip Rolling." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.48.

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To help optimize cold rolling operations, mixed lubrication models have been developed and embedded in roll bite models. The resulting models combine micro-fluidics in a porous medium (the lubricant flow between the contacting rough surfaces), microplasticity (roughness flattening / scratching), macro-plasticity (strip reduction) and roll thermo-elasticity. They are therefore really complex and need a lot of physical data. Based on previous developments, a new, simpler version of our lubrication model has been coupled with a new roll bite model recently presented: slab method for the strip ela

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18

Haga, Toshio. "Strip casting using a roll caster equipped with a scraper." MATEC Web of Conferences 326 (2020): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032606003.

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An Al-Mg strip without center segregation could be cast using a single-roll caster equipped with a scraper at speed of 40 m/min. The scraper was useful for flattening a free solidified surface and for cooling the solidification layer by pushing the solidification layer to the roll. Clad strips consisting of 1) an Al-Mn base strip and an Al-Mg overlay strip and 2) an Al base strip and an Al-Sn-Cu overlay strip could be cast using an unequal-diameter twin-roll caster equipped with a scraper at speeds of 30 m/min and 15 m/min, respectively. The base strip and overlay strip were strongly bonded at

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19

Ren, Zhongkai, Hong Xiao, Xiao Liu, and Gaofei Wang. "Experimental and theoretical analysis of roll flattening in the deformation zone for ultra-thin strip rolling." Ironmaking & Steelmaking 45, no. 9 (2017): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2017.1339395.

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20

He, Hainan, Jian Shao, Xiaochen Wang, Quan Yang, and Xiawei Feng. "Silicon Steel Strip Profile Control Technology for Six-High Cold Rolling Mill with Small Work Roll Radius." Metals 10, no. 3 (2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030401.

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Due to the requirement of magnetic properties of silicon steel sheets, producing high-precision size strips is the main aim of the cold rolling industry. The tapered work roll shifting technique of the six-high cold rolling mill is effective in reducing the difference in transverse thickness of the strip edge, but the effective area is limited, especially for a high crown strip after the hot rolling process. The six-high mill with a small work roll size can produce a strip with higher strength and lower thickness under a smaller rolling load. At the same time, the profile of the strip can be s

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21

Lugt, P. M., and W. E. ten Napel. "The Influence of Elastic Deformation of the Roll and the Sheet in a Hydrodynamically Lubricated Cold Rolling Process." Journal of Tribology 117, no. 3 (1995): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831277.

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A model has been developed for simulating hydrodynamic lubrication in cold rolling. Both Roelands’ and Barus’ viscosity-pressure relations have been applied. Thermal effects regarding heat development caused by plastic deformation as well as work hardening have been included. Furthermore, elastic deformation of the surfaces has fully been incorporated in the model, i.e., elastic deformation of both the strip and the rolls. The governing equations have been solved numerically throughout the entire contact i.e. inlet, work and outlet zone using a very dense grid. Multigrid techniques have been u

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22

Samad, M. Abdul, and Ravi S. Rao. "Minimization of Energy in the Multipass Rolling Process." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 1 (1999): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1287347.

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This research focuses on the optimization of the flat rolling process. In order to optimize the process effectively, the existing process model has been especially enhanced—in the neutral zone where the friction changes sign over a region rather than at a point. Pressure and frictional stress distributions as well as total load and torque are thereby estimated as functions of the various rolling parameters. Roll flattening has also been taken into account. The main problem of determining the optimum design parameters of multipass rolling has been considered. The problem has been formulated and

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23

Li, Hongbo, Zhenwei Zhao, Dawei Dong, et al. "Edge-Drop Control Behavior for Silicon Strip Cold Rolling with a Sendzimir Mill." Metals 8, no. 10 (2018): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8100783.

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Edge-drop control is important for silicon strip cold rolling, as the silicon strip is mainly used as a laminated core. Moreover, cold rolling is the key process for the thin strip edge-drop control, and a Sendzimir mill is one of the most popular cold rolling mills for silicon strips. Thus, the mastery of edge-drop control behavior for silicon strip cold rolling with a Sendzimir mill is beneficial for the improvement of the strip profile quality. With the finite element method, two models are built to analyze the edge-drop control behavior, one is the roll system and strip integrated elastic-

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24

Le, HR, and M. P. F. Sutcliffe. "Rolling of Thin Strip and Foil: Application of a Tribological Model for “Mixed” Lubrication." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 1 (2001): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1402179.

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A mechanical model of cold rolling of foil is coupled with a sophisticated tribological model. The tribological model treats the “mixed” lubrication regime of practical interest, in which there is “real” contact between the roll and strip as well as pressurized oil between the surfaces. The variation of oil film thickness and contact ratio in the bite is found by considering flattening of asperities on the foil and the build-up of hydrodynamic pressure through the bite. The boundary friction coefficient for the contact areas is taken from strip drawing tests under similar tribological conditio

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25

Zhou, Hai, and Jin Lan Bai. "Rolling Force Calculation for Strip Cold Rolling Based on Influence Function Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.791.

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The rolling force calculation procedure of strip cold rolling is developed based on influence function method, with consideration of the couple of roll flattening model and rolling force model. With the procedure total rolling force and the distribution of rolling force per width of each pass for HC mill are calculated using sampling data obtained from actual strip rolling. Comparing the calculation results with actual measured value, it is shown that the calculated total rolling forces are similar to actual data, and the distribution of rolling force per width is consistent with the actual st

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26

Dohda, Kuniaki, and Zhrgang Wang. "Effects of Average Lubricant Velocity and Sliding Velocity on Friction Behavior in Mild Steel Sheet Forming." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 4 (1998): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833771.

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A series of experiments was carried out using a rolling-type tribometer to investigate the frictional dependence on the average velocity of the lubricant V at the contact zone inlet and the relative sliding velocity ΔV between the roll and workpiece during deformation. Experiments using mild steel strips with a dull surface of 0.63 fxm Ra showed that the friction coefficient decreases with increasing forming velocity, especially at high forming velocity. This variation in the friction coefficient may be due to the increase in ΔV derived from the increase of the forming velocity, because the fr

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27

Siciliano, Fulvio, and Evgueni I. Poliak. "Modeling of the Resistance to Hot Deformation and the Effects of Microalloying in High-Al Steels under Industrial Conditions." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.195.

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The hot strip rolling of advanced microalloyed high strength steels still represents a new task to many mills due to the lack of data on the hot deformation resistance. With the aid of processing data from the Ispat-Inland hot strip mill, the “measured mean flow stresses” are calculated from the mill force using the Sims analysis and taking into account roll flattening, slip ratio and the redundant strain. A modification of the Misaka mean flow stress equation is proposed for C – Mn – Si – Al steels microalloyed with up to 0.02 % Nb. The effects of alloying and microalloying are then estimated

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28

Rezaeian, Ahmad, Faramarz Zarandi, D. Q. Bai, and Steve Yue. "Application of Deformation to Improve Hot Ductility in the Peritectic Steel." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.203.

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The hot strip rolling of advanced microalloyed high strength steels still represents a new task to many mills due to the lack of data on the hot deformation resistance. With the aid of processing data from the Ispat-Inland hot strip mill, the “measured mean flow stresses” are calculated from the mill force using the Sims analysis and taking into account roll flattening, slip ratio and the redundant strain. A modification of the Misaka mean flow stress equation is proposed for C – Mn – Si – Al steels microalloyed with up to 0.02 % Nb. The effects of alloying and microalloying are then estimated

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29

Pernis, Rudolf, and Tibor Kvackaj. "New Numerical Solution of von Karman Equation of Lengthwise Rolling." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2015 (2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/843720.

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The calculation of average material contact pressure to rolls base on mathematical theory of rolling process given by Karman equation was solved by many authors. The solutions reported by authors are used simplifications for solution of Karman equation. The simplifications are based on two cases for approximation of the circular arch: (a) by polygonal curve and (b) by parabola. The contribution of the present paper for solution of two-dimensional differential equation of rolling is based on description of the circular arch by equation of a circle. The new term relative stress as nondimensional

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30

Zhurenko, Yuri. "INFLUENCE OF THE QUANTITY OF TECHNOLOGICAL OPERATIONS FOR THE PROCESSING OF LYCERNY IN THE CUTTING ON ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(108) (August 27, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-1-3.

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The chemical composition and nutritional value of alfalfa hay are influenced by: climatic conditions, soils, phase of development in the period of mowing mass, variety, technology of cultivation and harvesting, etc. Hay harvesting is associated with high nutrient losses due to leaf loss and inflorescence or significant energy consumption for artificial drying. Mechanical losses often exceed 40% or more, with more than half of them occurring in the field operations: mowing, flattening, stirring, raking and weight gain. The question of the impact of the multiplicity of technological operations o

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31

Yang, Zhuo Juan, You Quan Chen, and Xiao Dong Yang. "Simulation Analysis on Wear-Resistance of Roller with Concave Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.435.

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Three dimensional finite element model of roller and sheet rolling process was first built according to roller and flattening sheet rolling wear characteristics by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. Total 10 rolling models including 1 smooth surface and 9 non-smooth surfaces were established to compare with wear resistance characteristics difference. Simulation results showed that comparing with smooth surface roll sample, the non-smooth roller surface with concaves possessed had higher Von Mises stress value with non-uniform fluctuation at mean value in favor of enforcing rolling sheet fluidity. O

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32

Overhagen, Christian, and Paul Josef Mauk. "A Fast Three-Dimensional Model for Strip Rolling." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.566.

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Rolling Models have come a long way from the first empirical relations about forward slip and bite conditions to their current state, which allows local quantities to be calculated in two and three dimensions. In this paper, state-of-the-art of analytical modelling of the rolling process is shown with a fully three-dimensional rolling model for hot and cold strip rolling with stress distributions in the longitudinal, vertical and lateral directions. For this purpose, von Karman’s strip approach is extended to account for the stress gradient in lateral direction, as was already shown in differe

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33

Siciliano, Fulvio, and L. L. Leduc. "Modeling of the Microstructural Evolution and Mean Flow Stress during Thin Slab Casting/Direct Rolling of Niobium Microalloyed Steels." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.221.

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Mill logs obtained from the Hylsa CSPTM (thin slab casting/direct rolling – TSC/DR) mill were examined so that the mean flow stresses at each pass were calculated using the Sims equation modified to take into account the forward slip ratio, the redundant strain and the work roll flattening. The mean flow stresses were then compared to predicted values obtained from a model. The microstructures during the CSP process were predicted by a mathematical model which was initially derived for conventional slab/roughing mill/hot strip mill (HSM) processing route. The adapted model takes into account t

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34

Itoh, Goroh, Hisashi Hasegawa, Tsing Zhou, Yoshinobu Motohashi, and Mitsuo Niinomi. "Microstructural Change of Beta Type Titanium Alloy by Intense Plastic Deformation." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.705.

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Usual static recrystallization treatment and a method to provide intense plastic deformation, ARB namely Accumulative Roll-Bonding, have been applied to two beta type titanium alloys, i.e. Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr and Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al. Microstructural change as well as work-hardening behavior was examined as a function of plastic strain. Both the work-hardening rate and the hardness at the initial as-hot-rolled state were smaller in the Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloy than in the Ti-V-Cr-Sn-Al alloy. Recrystallized grains of 14μm in size were obtained by the usual static recrystallization treatment, which was s

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35

Burlakov, Yu V. "Using the roller threshing device for threshing fiber flax." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, no. 6 (2020): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-6-13.

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The ways of increasing efficiency of the factory technology for harvesting fiber flax with threshing stem band from the rolls were studied. The experiment was carried out in stationary conditions with a moisture content of the source material of no more than 16%. A roller threshing device was proposed for separating the seed part of the crop from the stem before feeding stems into the fiber production line. The device ensures threshing of the fiber flax stem band over its entire width without using a separate clamping conveyor. The places where the seed heap descends from the roller threshing

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36

Sánchez-Menguiano, L., S. F. Sánchez, I. Pérez, et al. "The shape of oxygen abundance profiles explored with MUSE: evidence for widespread deviations from single gradients." Astronomy & Astrophysics 609 (January 2018): A119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731486.

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We characterised the oxygen abundance radial distribution of a sample of 102 spiral galaxies observed with VLT/MUSE using the O3N2 calibrator. The high spatial resolution of the data allowed us to detect 14345 H ii regions with the same image quality as with photometric data, avoiding any dilution effect. We developed a new methodology to automatically fit the abundance radial profiles, finding that 55 galaxies of the sample exhibit a single negative gradient. The remaining 47 galaxies also display, as well as this negative trend, either an inner drop in the abundances (21), an outer flattenin

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37

Ciotti, Luca, Antonio Mancino, Silvia Pellegrini, and Azadeh Ziaee Lorzad. "Two-component galaxy models with a central BH – II. The ellipsoidal case." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 1 (2020): 1054–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3338.

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ABSTRACT Recently, two-component spherical galaxy models have been presented, where the stellar profile is described by a Jaffe law, and the total density by another Jaffe law, or by an r−3 law at large radii. We extend these two families to their ellipsoidal axisymmetric counterparts: the JJe and J3e models. The total and stellar density distributions can have different flattenings and scale lengths, and the dark matter halo is defined by difference. First, the analytical conditions required to have a nowhere negative dark matter halo density are derived. The Jeans equations for the stellar c

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38

Carretta, Yves, Romain Boman, Nicolas Legrand, Maxime Laugier, and J. P. Ponthot. "Numerical Simulations of Asperity Crushing Using Boundary Conditions Encountered in Cold-Rolling." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.850.

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The general framework of this paper is in the field of numerical simulation of asperity crushing. Different material forming processes, such as strip-rolling and deep drawing, imply mixed lubrication. In this lubrication regime, two types of contact are present at the same time: a direct contact between the two solids at the asperity level and also valleys filled with pressurized oil. Theses contact conditions have a large influence on friction and wear taking place during the upsetting process. As this mixed type of contact is not yet fully understood from the physics point of view, numerical

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39

Wang, Yuliang, Tongda Lu, Xiaolai Li, and Huimin Wang. "Automated image segmentation-assisted flattening of atomic force microscopy images." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (March 26, 2018): 975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.91.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images normally exhibit various artifacts. As a result, image flattening is required prior to image analysis. To obtain optimized flattening results, foreground features are generally manually excluded using rectangular masks in image flattening, which is time consuming and inaccurate. In this study, a two-step scheme was proposed to achieve optimized image flattening in an automated manner. In the first step, the convex and concave features in the foreground were automatically segmented with accurate boundary detection. The extracted foreground features were take

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Wan, Y. P., H. Zhang, X. Y. Jiang, S. Sampath, and V. Prasad. "Role of Solidification, Substrate Temperature and Reynolds Number on Droplet Spreading in Thermal Spray Deposition: Measurements and Modeling." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 2 (2000): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1351893.

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Numerical analysis and experimental measurements of the flattening degree of plasma sprayed molybdenum and zirconia droplets deposited on different substrate materials are presented. Investigation is focused on the influence of rate of solidification and wetting angle on droplet spreading. Madejski-Zhang model with one-dimensional treatment of solidification as well as heat transfer in the melt, solidified splat and substrate is employed to perform a numerical analysis. A parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of droplet size, impact velocity, superheating of droplets, substrate

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Nukazuka, Akira, Takahiro Yamaguchi, and Hirokazu Tsukaya. "A Role for Auxin in Triggering Lamina Outgrowth of Unifacial Leaves." Plant Physiology 186, no. 2 (2021): 1013–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab087.

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Abstract A common morphological feature of typical angiosperms is the patterning of lateral organs along primary axes of asymmetry—a proximodistal, a mediolateral, and an adaxial–abaxial axis. Angiosperm leaves usually have distinct adaxial–abaxial identity, which is required for the development of a flat shape. By contrast, many unifacial leaves, consisting of only the abaxial side, show a flattened morphology. This implicates a unique mechanism that allows leaf flattening independent of adaxial–abaxial identity. In this study, we report a role for auxin in outgrowth of unifacial leaves. In t

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Shigematsu, Taiki, Tomohiro Otani, Shotaro Tomotake, Shunya Shiozaki, and Shigeo Wada. "A braided stent becomes flattened inside a curved catheter tube: A micro-CT imaging study." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 31, no. 6 (2020): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-206011.

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BACKGROUND: The braided stent is a widely accepted endovascular treatment device consisting of woven metal wires. One of the unsolved issues for the braided stent is the stent flattening phenomena when deployed into highly curved arteries. Although a recent computational study highlighted that the mechanical state of the stent inside the catheter before the deployment plays an essential role in causing stent flattening, there is no experimental observation for the stent inside the curved catheter. OBJECTIVE: We investigated braided stent shapes in curved catheter tubes with various curvatures

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Fukumoto, M., M. Shiiba, H. Kaji, and T. Yasui. "Three-dimensional transition map of flattening behavior in the thermal spray process." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 2 (2005): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577020429.

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Many kinds of both metallic and ceramic powder particles were plasma-sprayed onto the mirror-polished metallic substrate surface, and the effect of both substrate temperature and ambient pressure on the flattening behavior of the particle was systematically investigated. In the flattening behavior of the sprayed particle onto the substrate surface, critical conditions were recognized both in the substrate temperature and ambient pressure. That is, the flattening behavior changed transitionally on that critical temperature and pressure range, respectively. We defined and introduced a transition

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Ye, Tie, Zhi-Wen Lu, Zhi-Guo Zhong, Chong-Nian Qu, and Chun-Hua Ma. "Using SIMULINK to Design and Simulate the Peanut Flattening Rolls." Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (2016): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/ajfst.10.2050.

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Ham, C. J., J. W. Connor, S. C. Cowley, R. J. Hastie, T. C. Hender, and Y. Q. Liu. "The role of pressure flattening in calculating tearing mode stability." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 55, no. 12 (2013): 125015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/55/12/125015.

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Rabkin, Eugen, and Leonid Klinger. "Enhanced Diffusional Self-Healing of Polycrystalline Thin Films." Defect and Diffusion Forum 237-240 (April 2005): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.237-240.524.

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We considered the flattening of perturbed surface of a thin stress-free polycrystalline film with columnar microstructure deposited on rigid substrate. We show that the mass transport along the film/substrate interface and along the grain boundaries significantly contributes to the overall rate of surface flattening of the film. The diffusion along the film/substrate interface and along the grain boundaries is driven by the capillary stresses in the film. Using the approximation of small surface slopes, we calculated the distribution of capillary stresses in the film, and derived an explicit e

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Aghion, J., C. Gueth-Hallonet, C. Antony, D. Gros, and B. Maro. "Cell adhesion and gap junction formation in the early mouse embryo are induced prematurely by 6-DMAP in the absence of E-cadherin phosphorylation." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 5 (1994): 1369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.5.1369.

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Compaction of the mouse embryo, which takes place at the 8-cell stage, is dependent upon the adhesion molecule E-cadherin (uvomurulin), but does not require protein synthesis, suggesting that post-translational modification(s) is (are) implicated in the setting up of this phenomenon. The demonstration recently that E-cadherin is phosphorylated at the 8-cell stage just before compaction supports this theory. In this work we used 6-dimethylaminopurine, a serine-threonine kinase inhibitor, to investigate the role of protein phosphorylation in compaction of mouse embryos. 6-dimethylaminopurine is

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Bai, Jin Lan, and Hong Zhi Pan. "Calculation and Analysis of Tandem Cold Rolling Force Parameters." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1109.

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In order to improve the accuracy of rolling force parameters,the elastic deformation and pressure between rolls of tandem cold rolling are calculated using divided element method in this paper. Bland-Ford model is used to calculate the rolling force, and the lengths of flattening contact arcs of each element are calculated. Considering the flattening contact arc lengths and tensile stress synthetically, rolling force parameters are calculated iteratively. Then the corresponding procedure is developed, and the distribution of rolling force, pressure between rolls and tensile stress are calculat

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GROSSMAN, GUY, MACARTAN HUMPHREYS, and GABRIELLA SACRAMONE-LUTZ. "“I wld like u WMP to extend electricity 2 our village”: On Information Technology and Interest Articulation." American Political Science Review 108, no. 3 (2014): 688–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055414000331.

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How does access to information communication technology (ICT) affect who gets heard and what gets communicated to politicians? On the one hand, ICT can lower communication costs for poorer constituents; on the other, technological channels may be used disproportionately more by the already well connected. To assess the flattening effects of ICTs, we presented a representative sample of constituents in Uganda with an opportunity to send a text message to their representatives at one of three randomly assigned prices. Critically, and contrary to concerns that technological innovations benefit th

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Ogar, Petr, Elena Ugryumova, and Denis Gorokhov. "Determining the exponent of the unloading curve when flattening a sphere." MATEC Web of Conferences 329 (2020): 03066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032903066.

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To study the flattening of the sphere, it is proposed to use the kinetic indentation diagram by the plane. Given the known values of the reduced elastic modulus, applied force, maximum and residual deformation, it is possible to determine the contact area. It is indicated that in this regard, the exponent of the unloading curve of a pre-loaded sphere with a flat rigid surface plays an important role. The analysis of methods for determining the unloading curves of unloading for the finite element models, taking into account strain hardening, is carried out. It is shown that dependences of the u

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