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1
Men, women, and chain saws: Gender in the modern horror film. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1992.
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2
"I will wear no chain!": A social history of African American males. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 2000.
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3
L, Anderson Karen. Chain her by one foot: The subjugation of women in seventeenth-century New France. London: Routledge, 1991.
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4
Chain her by one foot: The subjugation of native women in seventeenth-century New France. New York: Routledge, 1993.
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5
Bagnoli, Carlo, Alessia Bravin, Maurizio Massaro, and Alessandra Vignotto. Business Model 4.0. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-286-4.
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The manufacturing digital transformation is changing the industry through the introduction of advanced solutions that allow companies to re-interpret their role along the value chain. The industrial revolution opens up great opportunities for Italian companies, in terms of process efficiency, cost reduction and improvement in productivity, but also in the rethinking of products, new services, and the ability of reaction to market needs. This report examines the possible impact of Industry 4.0 on business models considering technological innovation also as a driver of strategic innovation.
6
Vasterman, Peter, ed. From Media Hype to Twitter Storm. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982178.
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The word media hype is often used as rhetorical argument to dismiss waves of media attention as overblown, disproportional and exaggerated. But these explosive news waves, as well as - nowadays - the twitter storms, are object of scientific research, because they are an important phenomenon in the public area. Sometimes it is indeed 'much ado about nothing' but in many cases these media storms have play an important role in political issues, scandals and crises. Twitter storms sometimes ruin reputations within hours. Although different concepts are used, such as media hypes, news waves, media storms, information cascades or risk amplification, all the studies in this book refer to the same process in which key events trigger a chain of reactions and interactions, building up huge news waves in the media or rapidly spreading social epidemics in the social media. This book offers the first comprehensive overview of this important topic. It is not only interesting for scholars and students in media and journalism, but also for professionals in PR and communication, crisis communication and reputation management.
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Salvarani, Renata. The Body, the Liturgy and the City. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-364-9.
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The body and the space are the fulcrums of dynamic relationships creating cultures, identities, societies. In the game of interactions between individuals, groups and space, religions play a crucial role. During a ritual performance takes place a true genesis of a sacred space. This work analyzes the theme from a historical point of view, with a focus on Christian medieval Latin liturgies. Indeed, for Christian theology, related with the dogma of the Incarnation, the chair is itself the place of the manifestation of the sacred. Liturgy makes present and gives with life a new body. Together it generates a space, that interacts with the entire urban society, inside the eschatological dialectic between earthly and heavenly city.
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Pfau, Aleksandra Nicole. Medieval Communities and the Mad. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462983359.
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The concept of madness as a challenge to communities lies at the core of legal sources. Medieval Communities and the Mad: Narratives of Crime and Mental Illness in Late Medieval France considers how communal networks, ranging from the locale to the realm, responded to people who were considered mad. The madness of individuals played a role in engaging communities with legal mechanisms and proto-national identity constructs, as petitioners sought the king’s mercy as an alternative to local justice. The resulting narratives about the mentally ill in late medieval France constructed madness as an inability to live according to communal rules. Although such texts defined madness through acts that threatened social bonds, those ties were reaffirmed through the medium of the remission letter. The composers of the letters presented madness as a communal concern, situating the mad within the household, where care could be provided. Those considered mad were usually not expelled but integrated, often through pilgrimage, surveillance, or chains, into their kin and communal relationships.
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The World Market for Roller Chain: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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10
Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Roller Chain: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
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11
The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Electric Roller-And-Link Chain Hoists. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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12
Shope, Robert K. Chained to the Gettier Problem— a Useful Falsehood? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724551.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 refines a solution previously proposed to the Gettier Problem focusing on proscribing certain roles for falsehoods in a ‘justification-explaining chain.’ The refinement is partly explained in contrast to Peter D. Klein’s defeasibility theory of knowledge, which focuses on proscribing certain relations of truths to ‘chains of justifiers.’ Klein eventually revised his defeasibility account in order to allow for instances of knowledge that depend on what he calls ‘useful falsehoods.’ His definition of the latter turns out to face counterexamples. An improved definition allows a role for useful falsehoods in justification-explaining chains. It also has the unexpected effect of pointing toward a solution to the Gettier Problem that obviates the need to appeal to either type of chain.
13
Groll, Marcus. Koordination im Supply Chain Management: Die Rolle von Macht und Vertrauen. Deutscher Universitats-Verlag, 2004.
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14
The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Roller Chains for Sprocket Drives, Meeting any ASME or ANSI Standard. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.
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15
Kuypers, Dirk R. J., and Morie A. Gertz. Light-chain deposition disease. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0154_update_001.
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Light-chain deposition disease (LCDD) is characterized by extracellular tissue deposition of non-amyloid monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (predominantly kappa light chains) in various organs including kidneys, heart, and liver. It is a rare cause of renal insufficiency. In two-thirds of cases it is associated with multiple myeloma, while in the remainder their monoclonal B cell proliferation does not meet the criteria for that diagnosis.Renal involvement occurs almost invariably and dominates the clinical course of the disease: greater than 90% of patients with LCDD have renal functional impairment; acute or rapidly progressive kidney failure usually develops over a period of months. Nephrotic-range proteinuria is present in 40–50% of patients while approximately 20% of patients develop nephrotic syndrome. Arterial hypertension and microscopic haematuria can be present. Extrarenal symptoms are related to affected organs with cardiomyopathy, cachexia, haemorrhages, infections, and MM progression as main causes of death.The diagnosis of LCDD is often delayed and whilst bone marrow examination will often identify associated MM, renal biopsy frequently provides the final diagnostic proof. Abnormal light chains can be detected and quantified by serum or urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation. Quantification of urine and serum free kappa/lambda light chains has proven a useful screening tool and might also plays a role in therapeutic monitoring.Treatment consists of chemotherapy directed against the monoclonal immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells.
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Millington, Andrew. Responsibility in the Supply Chain. Edited by Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Abagail McWilliams, Jeremy Moon, and Donald S. Siegel. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0016.
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This article provides a comprehensive overview of one of the main areas where corporate social responsibility issues have impacted upon firms across the globe, namely the supply chain. Although the legal obligations for social and environmental issues are increasingly devolved to suppliers, the role of lead firms in the development of ethical supply chain management (ESCM) has been the subject of considerable debate. This article focuses on two questions which are central to the development of ESCM. First, it looks at stakeholder pressure for ESCM and its implications for the involvement of lead firms in ESCM. Second, it considers the conditions under which lead firms will be able to influence suppliers and implement ESCM. It then reviews the impact of ESCM on social and environmental performance. Finally, it outlines the implications for the development of effective ESCM.
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Schiller, Dan. The Sponsor System Resurgent. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038761.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the modernization of the sponsor system. It first considers how advertising sustained and deepened its role as a primary source of finance for digital services, even as it continued its voracious and uneven globalization. It then examines how advertisers accelerated their drive to revamp communications commodity chains, along with issues that arose from Google's entanglement in a larger set of commercial relationships and its impact on the political economy of the commodity chain within which search is embedded. The chapter also looks at the politics of privacy, with particular emphasis on the case of Edward Snowden, the internet as an engine of surveillance, and the debate over personal information that pitted big advertisers, network operators, internet intermediaries, and media conglomerates against popular will.
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Mofo, Liako. Future-proofing the plastics value chain in Southern Africa. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/905-1.
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Plastics are ubiquitous across the region and play an important role in multiple industries. Most plastic products are based on a value chain that is grounded in petroleum refining, posing an environmental challenge. Plastic manufacturing in South Africa suffers from the high cost of polymers as inputs. Mozambique is endowed with large natural gas deposits. This research assesses the potential for the sustainable development of a plastics value chain in Southern Africa, with the aim of future-proofing the industry against changes in the petroleum space while bolstering growth in plastics manufacture and fostering a more equitable regional distribution of plastics activities. This study found that there is strong regional value chain potential between South Africa and Mozambique, with Mozambique producing natural gas feedstock and South Africa providing labour, capital, and technology. South African plastic manufacturers could also benefit from better input prices derived from better priced natural gas from Mozambique.
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Clover, Carol J. Men, Women, and Chain Saws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film. Princeton University Press, 2015.
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21
Men, Women, and Chain Saws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film. Princeton University Press, 1993.
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22
Sanford-Jenson, Tiffany, and Marla H. Kohlman. Female Empowerment and the Chain of Command: Women in the U.S. Military. Edited by Holly J. McCammon, Verta Taylor, Jo Reger, and Rachel L. Einwohner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190204204.013.27.
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The U.S. military has garnered considerable scrutiny over how successfully it has incorporated women into full participation. With the formal infusion of women into the Armed Services in the last half of the twentieth century, scholars have begun to examine women’s military experiences as they have entered into new occupational roles, putting women ever closer to controversial combat-related work. Accompanying these increased career opportunities are age-old risks reported in the civilian workplace, including the increased likelihood of harassment, rape, discrimination, subjugation, and other types of gender-based inequality. This chapter provides a detailed synthesis of myriad social movement experiences for women in the military as they have sought to define new roles and participate more fully in the all-volunteer forces. Specifically, the chapter examines sexist practice, combat inclusion, sexual victimization, expansion of reproductive health care, veteran’s benefits, and legal avenues for women’s social movements both in public and private spheres.
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Arjaliès, Diane-Laure, Philip Grant, Iain Hardie, Donald MacKenzie, and Ekaterina Svetlova. Quantitative Asset Managers and Their Chains. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802945.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 discusses a particular set of fund managers and analysts, those who follow investment strategies which are based on quantitative research. They might be expected to be more solitary in their practices and less enmeshed in relations to clients and to other intermediaries than their colleagues who rely on more qualitative reasoning. The chapter shows, however, that this is not so. Quantitative managers’ investment ideas often come from others in the investment chain. Brokers and sell-side analysts are one major source; another source of ideas is those occupying similar roles in other firms. The chapter also suggests that basing a quantitative investment strategy around an idea that is already in circulation eases the task of marketing and the communication with clients. However, successful self-presentation to external audiences can cause internal frictions with colleagues within the investment firm, the other topic which the chapter explores in detail.
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Lichtenstein, Nelson. Supply-Chain Tourist; or, How Globalization Has Transformed the Labor Question. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037856.003.0003.
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This chapter, which yanks the reader from mid-twentieth-century Detroit to early twenty-first-century Guangdong Province, recounts the author's discovery that the labor question can have many different configurations, especially when some of the most important and characteristic enterprises of our day are the big-box retailers, whose employee rolls and annual revenues now far outrank those of the largest manufacturing companies. It appears that the essence of the twenty-first-century labor question no longer resides at the point of production in a struggle between workers and the owners of the factories in which they labor. Instead, the site of value production is found at every link along a set of global supply chains, in which the manufacturer and the warehouse operator, the ports and the shipping companies, as well as the retailers and their branded vendors jockey for power and profit. In this disaggregated system, legal ownership of the forces of production has been divorced from operational control, making accountability for labor conditions diffuse and knowledge of the actual producers far from transparent.
25
Gender and Work in Global Value Chains: Capturing the Gains? Cambridge University Press, 2019.
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26
Barrientos, Stephanie. Gender and Work in Global Value Chains: Capturing the Gains? Cambridge University Press, 2019.
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27
Walker, Matthew C., and Robin S. B. Williams. Identifying the Molecular Mechanism of the Medium Chain Triglyceride (Ketogenic) Diet. Edited by Dominic P. D’Agostino. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190497996.003.0033.
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The medium chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet provides a highly effective and commonly used approach for treating drug-resistant epilepsy. It is associated with elevated levels of two MCT-derived fatty acids, decanoioc and octanoic acids. Researchers have identified a role for decanoic acid and a range of novel related chemicals in seizure control in multiple acute in vitro and in vivo models. A principal mechanism of decanoic acid is direct inhibition of AMPA receptors, key excitatory neurotransmitter receptors widely recognized as a target for seizure control. These data suggest a therapeutic mechanism of the MCT ketogenic diet through a direct fatty acid–dependent mechanism, independent of ketosis. This discovery will enable the development of an improved and, potentially, better-tolerated diet and the generation of a corresponding pharmaceutical approach. The diet should be termed the MCT diet, as the consequent ketosis may not be necessary for seizure control.
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Men, Women, and Chain Saws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film - Updated Edition. Princeton University Press, 2015.
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29
Clover, Carol J. Men, Women, and Chain Saws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film - Updated Edition. Princeton University Press, 2015.
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30
Sundström, Malena Rosén. Leading the European Union. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.29.
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This chapter analyzes how Sweden acted as Presidency of the European Union in 2001 and 2009. It explores the different roles associated with the Presidency:administrator, agenda-setter, mediator, andrepresentative. Using role theory, the analysis focuses on the Swedish government’s own role conceptions, and the expectations of other actors with regard to how the government would perform these various roles, and how it actually enacted them. The analysis demonstrates that role conceptions, external expectations, and actual execution were quite similar both times Sweden held the Chair, despite notably different Presidency contexts. Overall, both of Sweden’s Presidency periods were considered fairly successful.
31
Gendered Commodity Chains: Seeing Women's Work and Households in Global Production. Stanford University Press, 2013.
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32
Ronco, Pierre M. Kidney involvement in plasma cell dyscrasias. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0150.
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Monoclonal proliferations of the B-cell lineage are characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled expansion of a single clone of B cells at different maturation stages, with a variable degree of differentiation to immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. Therefore, they are usually associated with the production and secretion in blood of a monoclonal immunoglobulin and/or a fragment thereof which may become deposited in tissues. These deposits can take the form of casts (in myeloma cast nephropathy), crystals (in myeloma-associated Fanconi syndrome), fibrils (in light-chain and exceptional heavy-chain amyloidosis), or granular precipitates (in monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease). They may disrupt organ structure and function, inducing life-threatening complications. All of the pathologic entities related to immunoglobulin deposition principally involve the kidney, which is not only explained by the high levels of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, but also by the sieving properties of the glomerular capillary wall and by the prominent role of the renal tubule in LC handling and catabolism.The different renal (and other) manifestations are related to the unique physicochemical characteristics of each paraprotein or immunoglobulin fragment, and the rate of their production.
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Kingsbury, Benedict, David M. Malone, Paul Mertenskötter, Richard B. Stewart, Thomas Streinz, and Atsushi Sunami, eds. Megaregulation Contested. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825296.001.0001.
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The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) of 2018 is the most far-reaching “megaregional” economic agreement in force. Japan, the largest economy among the eleven signatory countries, played a leading role in bringing CPTPP into being and in the decision largely to preserve in its provisions the stamp of the original US involvement before the Trump-era reversal. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the first instance of “megaregulation”: a demanding combination of inter-state economic ordering and national regulatory governance on a highly ambitious substantive and transregional scale. Its text and ambition have influenced other negotiations ranging from the Japan–EU Economic Partnership Agreement (JEEPA) and the US–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) to the projected Pan-Asian Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). This book provides an extensive analysis of TPP as a megaregulatory project for channeling and managing new pressures of globalization, and of core critical arguments made against economic megaregulation from standpoints of development, inequality, labor rights, environmental interests, corporate capture, and elite governance. Specialized chapters cover supply chains, digital economy, trade facilitation, intellectual property, currency levels, competition and state-owned enterprises, government procurement, investment, prescriptions for national regulation, and the TPP institutions. Country studies include detailed analyses of TPP-related politics and approaches in Japan, Mexico, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Thailand. Contributors include leading practitioners and scholars in law, economics, and political science. At a time when the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other global-scale institutions are struggling with economic nationalism and geopolitics, and bilateral and regional agreements are pressed by public disagreement and incompatibility with digital and capital and value chain flows, the megaregional ambition of TPP is increasingly important as a precedent requiring the close scrutiny this book presents.
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Márquez, José Juan González, and Margarita González Brambila. Regulation of Electricity Storage, Intelligent Grids, and Clean Energies in an Open Market in Mexico. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0010.
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This chapter analyses the role of electricity storage as an innovative strategy to attain the Mexican Government’s goals regarding carbon dioxide emission reduction and energy transition. The survey includes the analysis of the different electricity storage technologies as well as the legal framework governing electricity storage as the fifth link of the energy supply chain from a comparative perspective. The authors discuss whether energy storage is a generation or a distribution/transmission asset. The chapter also analyses Mexico’s experiences in energy storage and briefly describes the way it is regulated in other jurisdictions. Finally, the authors propose the regulation of energy storage as a separate licensed activity.
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Reinert, Kenneth A. Sanitation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499440.003.0006.
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This chapter considers sanitation as a basic good that satisfies critical basic human needs for health and hygiene. It considers the widespread nature of sanitation deprivation and the challenges of addressing this deprivation, which include increased population growth. It considers the myriad health impacts of poor sanitation. The chapter examines the subsistence right to sanitation and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It discusses the problems of sanitation as it relates to children and women. It also examines the menu of options for sanitation service provision from a value chain perspective, the political economy of sanitation services, demand side issues, and provisioning processes.
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Grimshaw, Damian, Stefania Marino, Dominique Anxo, Jérôme Gautié, László Neumann, and Claudia Weinkopf. Negotiating Better Conditions for Workers during Austerity in Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791843.003.0002.
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This chapter compares union actions affecting local government workers during a period of austerity across five European countries: France, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, and the UK. These five countries are characterized by different national industrial relations institutions, different systems of public sector wage-setting, and varied opportunities for local union influence. The study analyses the conditions under which trade unions have been able to reduce precarious work among local government workers (in-house and subcontracted) and to promote more equitable and solidaristic outcomes. It specifically focuses on union actions against pay precarity and employment precarity. It concludes by discussing the contributory roles played by national institutions, austerity measures, and unions’ power resources in shaping the prospects for pay equity and chain solidarities in Europe’s public sector.
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Allan, Tony, Brendan Bromwich, Martin Keulertz, and Anthony Colman, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Food, Water and Society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190669799.001.0001.
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Society’s greatest use of water is in food production; a fact that puts farmers centre stage in global environmental management. Current management of food value chains, however, is not well set up to enable farmers to undertake their dual role of feeding a growing population and stewarding natural resources. This book considers the interconnected issues of real water in the environment and “virtual water” in food value chains and investigates how society influences both fields. This perspective draws out considerable challenges for food security and for environmental stewardship in the context of ongoing global change. The book also discusses these issues by region and with global overviews of selected commodities. Innovation relevant to the kind of change needed for the current food system to meet future challenges is reviewed in light of the findings of the regional and thematic analysis.
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Greenlee, John E. Cerebrospinal Fluid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0145.
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Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid is of essential importance in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections, with a major role in the diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis. In bacterial and viral meningitis, CSF evaluation is usually straightforward, and well-defined serological and molecular techniques are available for CSF examination in many of the more common viral encephalitides. This is in contrast to CSF evaluation in cases of tuberculous and chronic meningitis, in which organisms may be difficult to detect by culture or polymerase chain methods or antigen detection. This chapter first discusses the anatomy and physiology of CSF production, reviews concepts of CSF analysis, and then reviews CSF changes in the major categories of central nervous system infections.
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Regina, Asariotis, Mott Graham, Premti Anila, and Vivas-Eugui David. Part III Human Health and Human Rights, 14 Global Ocean Governance: The Work of UNCTAD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198823964.003.0014.
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This chapter discusses the work of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in the area of global ocean governance. UNCTAD is the leading agency of the United Nations in the integrated treatment of trade and development as well as interrelated issues of finance, technology, investment and sustainable development. The chapter first provides a brief historical account of UNCTAD before discussing its role in ocean governance, with a focus on international maritime transport law and policy. It then considers UNCTAD policy research and advice with respect to carriage of goods and international trade law; admiralty law, marine insurance and general average; maritime and supply-chain security; and climate change and maritime transport. The chapter also reviews UNCTAD’s future prospects in terms of ocean governance, role in the governance of trade in fish, and the new UNCTAD XIV mandate.
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Batt, Rosemary. Service Strategies. Edited by Peter Boxall, John Purcell, and Patrick M. Wright. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199547029.003.0021.
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This article first reviews the alternative theoretical approaches to human resource management that have been developed in the academic literature and discusses why these need to incorporate conceptual advances from services' marketing and operations management. Here, it also discusses the evidence regarding what strategies lead to better service and sales, under what conditions, and why. It then examines alternative organizational models that rely on outsourcing and supply chain management for customer service and sales and the arguments for and against these approaches. The next section reviews real world trends: what strategies are companies actually pursuing and what are the results for consumers and employees? The article closes with conclusions about the future direction of service management strategies and the role of HRM in them.
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Riley, Peter. The role of the microbiology laboratory in antimicrobial stewardship. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0010.
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Microbiology laboratories play an important role in antimicrobial stewardship at the level of individual patients and the population as a whole. When empiric therapy has been started, rapid results can lead to earlier targeted treatment. Accumulated results of susceptibility tests can be analysed and used to generate local or national guidelines on empiric treatment and prophylaxis. Several methods can be used to determine microbial identity and antimicrobial susceptibility, including traditional culture-based methods and newer molecular methods such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and whole-genome sequencing. These methods and potential advantages are reviewed. Before results are reported, expert rules are applied and results edited. At this point the laboratory can influence prescribing practices.
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Grabher, Gernot, and Oliver Ibert. Schumpeterian Customers? How Active Users Co-create Innovations. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.36.
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Up until recently, the role of the customer in economic geography seems to have been confined to a passive recipient of products at the end of the value chain. Innovation, in particular, has been conceived as an affair within and between firms. More recently, however, this traditional perception has been challenged. Consumers, in fact, are no longer seen as mere buyers of commodities but are more and more perceived (and perceive themselves) as competent users who contribute valuable knowledge to innovation processes and who have the power and capacity to intervene at all stages in the value creation process. Value co-creation has emerged as a new paradigm that signifies this transformation of the role of consumers. The prime aim of this chapter is to map out the evolving terrain of value co-creation and to draw conclusions for economic geographical inquiry into innovation processes.
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Kastritis, Efstathios, and Meletios A. Dimopoulos. The patient with myeloma. Edited by Giuseppe Remuzzi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0153_update_001.
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Renal impairment is a common feature of multiple myeloma and often the presenting symptom of a patient with symptomatic myeloma. ‘Myeloma kidney’ results from the excess of immunoglobulin light chains which form aggregates and casts that result in tubular obstruction; however, light chains may cause renal damage with a variety of mechanisms, which often may coexist in the same patient. The presence of significant renal dysfunction in a patient with myeloma is associated with a risk for significant complications, including early death. Myeloma kidney is usually associated with high tumour burden and high rates of paraprotein production.Patients with renal impairment should be managed immediately with appropriate antimyeloma therapy and supported vigorously. New drugs such as bortezomib are probably the most effective therapies for patients with renal dysfunction and may improve renal function in a significant proportion of patients with myeloma-related renal impairment, especially with dexamethasone at high doses. Other drugs such as thalidomide or lenalidomide may also be helpful in certain patients. Direct removal of the toxic free light chains may improve outcomes in some patients, but randomized studies are still ongoing. The role of plasmapheresis has not been established.Autologous stem cell transplantation, with appropriate dose adjustments for high-dose melphalan should be offered in eligible patients, even those on dialysis, although this procedure may be associated with a higher risk of toxicity in patients with more severe renal dysfunction. Renal transplantation may be an option for selected patients who have responded well to therapy.
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Wasdin, Katherine. Allusive Superstars. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190869090.003.0003.
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The evening star and its counterpart, the morning star, play important roles as generic markers in wedding poetry and love poetry. Poetic appearances of the stars commonly allude to at least one previous example, creating a chain of literary references across antiquity. These stars exert a powerful influence on human activities. In weddings, the evening star brings the bride to the groom, separates her from her family, and arouses mixed emotions of delight and fear. In love poetry, the evening star may unite lovers, but they are unavoidably separated by the morning star, herald of the dawn. The cyclical return of the stars is echoed by the tradition of refrains in wedding and love poetry. More commonly found in nuptial poetry, they can indicate allusions to the wedding song in erotic compositions and contain overtones of magic spells, particularly in the Latin tradition.
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Launay, Jean-Pierre, and Michel Verdaguer. The localized electron: magnetic properties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814597.003.0002.
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After preliminaries about electron properties, and definitions in magnetism, one treats the magnetism of mononuclear complexes, in particular spin cross-over, showing the role of cooperativity and the sensitivity to external perturbations. Orbital interactions and exchange interaction are explained in binuclear model systems, using orbital overlap and orthogonality concepts to explain antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling. The phenomenologically useful Spin Hamiltonian is defined. The concepts are then applied to extended molecular magnetic systems, leading to molecular magnetic materials of various dimensionalities exhibiting bulk ferro- or ferrimagnetism. An illustration is provided by Prussian Blue analogues. Magnetic anisotropy is introduced. It is shown that in some cases, a slow relaxation of magnetization arises and gives rise to appealing single-ion magnets, single-molecule magnets or single-chain magnets, a route to store information at the molecular level.
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D’Mello, Ajay. Mitochondrial Disease. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0047.
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Mitochondrial disease is now considered to be an important cause for a diverse range of neurological, muscular, cardiac and endocrine disorders. Initially thought to be a rare group of disorders, it is now increasingly common for children with mitochondrial disease to present for a surgical procedure. While the mitochondrial respiratory chain is the essential finally common pathway for aerobic metabolism, mitochondria also play a role in a several important cellular processes. A variety of anesthetic techniques have been successfully used for this group of patients. However, the possibility of complications due to inhibition of mitochondrial function by anesthetic agents and surgical stress is a worry for the physician managing these patients. Anesthetic management focuses on disease symptoms at presentation, maintaining normoglycemia, while preventing further metabolic stress and complications that worsen lactic acidosis.
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Hamilton, Shane. Supermarket USA. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300232691.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This innovative history of supermarkets describes the role of food and agriculture during and after the Cold War. American business leaders and political figures deployed American supermarkets around the world as explicitly anticommunist "weapons" in the Cold War economic contest with the Soviet Union. Modern supermarkets, built upon industrial agriculture supply chains, penetrated world political and economic spheres during the Cold War Farms Race, embodying a pervasive rhetoric of exceptional American food abundance, a counterrevolutionary ideology of capitalist economic development, and a moral claim to the justifiability of U.S. economic power on the world stage. The farmers who produced the food for supermarket supply chains were enlisted in the Farms Race in ways that shaped how agricultural development schemes proceeded in the latter half of the twentieth century. Ultimately, notions of U.S. food power were reconfigured into global systems of market power coordinated by multinational agribusiness corporations. The stage was set for our present moment, in which transnational supermarkets operate as powerful institutions of nonstate governance in the global food economy.
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Scott, Peter. A Home of One’s Own. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783817.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Prior to 1914 owner-occupation was unusual, with even many landlords renting the houses they themselves lived in. The inter-war years, and particularly the 1930s, witnessed the start of a trend towards Britain becoming a nation of owner-occupiers and of a popular perception that ownership was socially superior to renting. The 1930s owner-occupation boom has traditionally been portrayed as a process from which the working class were largely excluded. However, working-class families (particularly recently married couples) played a substantial role in this boom. This transition was the product of falling building costs, mortgage liberalization, and an intensive marketing campaign by the two key components of the private house-building value chain: the house-building firms that determined the character, design, and location of the final product, and the building societies that provided the all-important mortgage finance.
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Kukkonen, Taneli. Ibn Ṭufayl’s (d. 1185). Edited by Khaled El-Rouayheb and Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199917389.013.35.
Full textAbstract:
Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān is one of the most abidingly popular works in all of Arabic literature. At once inviting and expansive, accessible and surprisingly deep, the book offers an excellent introduction to the themes of classical Arabic philosophy. What often goes unnoticed is how deliberately Ibn Ṭufayl spins his story of Ḥayy, the self-taught philosopher who grows up alone on an equatorial island. Ḥayy in fact takes the reader on a tour of the Arabic Aristotelian curriculum, with ethical and political themes following upon a comprehensive exploration of the great chain of being. Ḥayy furthermore contributes to numerous sixth-/twelfth-century debates, ranging from the role that the heart and the brain play in the organism’s life, through the weighting of immanent and transcendent factors in the process of coming-to-be, to the relationship of philosophy to revealed religion.
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Pasnau, Robert. The Privileged Now. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801788.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter ascends to the intellectual level and considers our ability to reason from premises to a conclusion. Is there some domain of epistemic privilege, at the intellectual level, where we can be certain that things are just as they seem to be? This requires considering an unfamiliar question: the extent to which we can or should attempt to encompass a whole chain of thoughts within the scope of the privileged now. The idea of the privileged now, which is a close relative of the modern notion of working memory, can be found to go back to Anselm. It runs through scholastic philosophy and plays a central role in Descartes’s Meditations and ultimately in Hume. But this chapter argues that the expectation of getting all our thoughts into the mind at once rests on an unfounded bias.