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Journal articles on the topic 'Rolling elements'

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1

Ahmed, R., and M. Hadfield. "Rolling contact fatigue behaviour of thermally sprayed rolling elements." Surface and Coatings Technology 82, no. 1-2 (July 1996): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(95)02736-x.

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2

Gupta, P. K., and B. Paul. "Advanced Dynamics of Rolling Elements." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 731–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171847.

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3

Gentle, C. R. "Advanced dynamics of rolling elements." Tribology International 18, no. 3 (June 1985): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-679x(85)90151-3.

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4

Kobzova, I. O. "Contact characteristics for rolling elements in hydraulic cylinder rolling guides." Systems. Methods. Technologies, no. 2(30) (2016): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18324/2077-5415-2016-2-59-64.

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5

Schirra, T., G. Martin, S. Puchtler, and E. Kirchner. "Electric impedance of rolling bearings - Consideration of unloaded rolling elements." Tribology International 158 (June 2021): 106927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2021.106927.

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6

Gopalakrishnan, M. V., R. Krishnamurthy, and C. V. Golkularathnam. "Rolling contact fatigue studies on spray formed ceramics composite rolling elements." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 185, no. 1-3 (April 2007): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.03.147.

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7

Tomovic, Radoslav. "Investigation of the Effect of Rolling Bearing Construction on Internal Load Distribution and the Number of Active Rolling Elements." Advanced Materials Research 633 (January 2013): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.633.103.

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One of the most important characteristics of a rolling bearing is the load distribution on rolling elements. This paper provides an analysis on the influence of the internal construction of rolling bearings on load distribution and the number of active rolling elements. The analysis was performed using a new mathematical model for the boundary level calculations of the bearing deflection and external radial load for the inner ring support onqrolling bearing elements. The model considers two boundary positions of inner ring support on an even and odd number of rolling elements. The developed model enables a very simple determination of the number of active rolling elements participating in an external load transfer, depending on the bearing type and internal radial clearance.
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8

Krynke, Marek, Ludwik Kania, and Eugeniusz Mazanek. "Modelling the Contact between the Rolling Elements and the Raceways of Bulky Slewing Bearings." Key Engineering Materials 490 (September 2011): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.490.166.

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In slewing bearings, a great number of contact pairs are present on the contact surfaces between the rolling elements and raceways of the bearing. Computations to determine the load of the individual rolling elements, taking into account the flexibility of the bearing ring, are most often carried out using the finite element method. Construction of a FEM full model of the bearing, taking into account the shape of the rolling elements and the determination of the contact problem for every rolling element, leads to a singularity of stiffness matrix, which in turn makes the problem impossible to solve. In FEM models the rolling elements are replaced by one-dimensional finite elements (linear elements) to simplify the computation procedure and to obtain an optimal time for computations. The methods of modelling the rolling elements in the slewing bearing, in which balls have been replaced by truss elements with a material non-linear characteristic located between the raceway centres of the curvatures in their axial section, are presented in the paper.
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9

Karaszewski, Waldemar. "Hertzian Crack Propagation in Ceramic Rolling Elements." Key Engineering Materials 598 (January 2014): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.598.92.

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The properties of ceramics, specifically low density, high hardness, high temperature capability and low coefficient of thermal expansion are of most interest to rolling element manufacturers. The influence of ring crack size on rolling contact fatigue failure has been studied using numerical fracture analysis. Such cracks are very often found on ceramic bearing balls and decrease fatigue life rapidly. The numerical calculation are based on a three dimensional model for the ring crack propagation. The stress intensity factors along crack front are analyzed using a three-dimensional boundary element model. The numerical analysis is verified by experimental studies.
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10

Prashad, Har. "Diagnosis of Rolling-Element Bearings Failure by Localized Electrical Current Between Track Surfaces of Races and Rolling-Elements." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 3 (May 31, 2002): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1467638.

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The diagnosis and cause analysis of rolling-element bearing failure have been well studied and established in literature. Failure of bearings due to unforeseen causes were reported as: puncturing of bearings insulation; grease deterioration; grease pipe contacting the motor base frame; unshielded instrumentation cable; the bearing operating under the influence of magnetic flux, etc. These causes lead to the passage of electric current through the bearings of motors and alternators and deteriorate them in due course. But, bearing failure due to localized electrical current between track surfaces of races and rolling-elements has not been hitherto diagnosed and analyzed. This paper reports the cause of generation of localized current in presence of shaft voltage. Also, it brings out the developed theoretical model to determine the value of localized current density depending on dimensional parameters, shaft voltage, contact resistance, frequency of rotation of shaft and rolling-elements of a bearing. Furthermore, failure caused by flow of localized current has been experimentally investigated.
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11

Kim, D. J., T. W. Ku, and B. S. Kang. "Finite element analysis of micro-rolling using grain and grain boundary elements." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 130-131 (December 2002): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00757-4.

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12

Suvanjumrat, Chakrit, and Ravivat Rugsaj. "Finite Element Modeling with Embed Rebar Elements and Steady State Rolling Analysis for Rolling Resistance Test of Pneumatic Tire." MATEC Web of Conferences 95 (2017): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20179502004.

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13

Wang, HY, JG Ding, X. Lu, DH Zhang, and DW Zhao. "Analysis of ultra-heavy plate rolling force based on thickness temperature gradient elements and experiment simulations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 4 (August 9, 2016): 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215622497.

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The thickness of the plate in temperature gradient rolling is first divided into 2 m elements, and m is an undetermined parameter which can be limited. Based on these thickness elements with different temperatures, the rolling force of this advanced process is first analyzed with slab method. Also the predictions of thickness ratio with different temperatures and reductions of each thickness elements are proposed in this paper. The results measured after rolling experiments are used to compare with these calculated by this model in order to verify its accuracy. In the experiment, a multi-metals riveting plate in the same temperature is designed to simulate a single metal one in gradient temperatures based on the thickness elements. Since the model is based on an analytical method which is strongly supported by the rolling theories, it can be applied in real gradient temperature rolling for ultra-heavy plate.
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14

Dubina, Radek, and Jan Eliáš. "Effect of Rolling Resistance in Dem Models With Spherical Bodies." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsb-2016-0009.

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Abstract The rolling resistance is an artificial moment arising on the contact of two discrete elements which mimics resistance of two grains of complex shape in contact rolling relatively to each other. The paper investigates the influence of rolling resistance on behaviour of an assembly of spherical discrete elements. Besides the resistance to rolling, the contacts between spherical particles obey the Hertzian law in normal straining and Coulomb model of friction in shear.
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15

Rizzo, Sebastiano, and Stefano Pagliassotto. "Fatigue Performance Improvements of Wheel Bearing Rolling Elements." SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 10, no. 3 (September 17, 2017): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-01-2524.

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16

Halverson, Peter A., Larry L. Howell, and Spencer P. Magleby. "Tension-based multi-stable compliant rolling-contact elements." Mechanism and Machine Theory 45, no. 2 (February 2010): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2008.11.013.

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17

Abascal, R., and L. Rodríguez-Tembleque. "Steady-state 3D rolling-contact using boundary elements." Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 23, no. 10 (December 8, 2006): 905–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.931.

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18

Martin, K. F., and P. Thorpe. "Normalised spectra in monitoring of rolling bearing elements." Wear 159, no. 2 (December 1992): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(92)90298-m.

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19

Dlhý, Pavol, Jan Poduška, Michael Berer, Anja Gosch, Ondrej Slávik, Luboš Náhlík, and Pavel Hutař. "Crack Propagation Analysis of Compression Loaded Rolling Elements." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 2656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102656.

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The problem of crack propagation from internal defects in thermoplastic cylindrical bearing elements is addressed in this paper. The crack propagation in these elements takes place under mixed-mode conditions—i.e., all three possible loading modes (tensile opening mode I and shear opening modes II and III) of the crack are combined together. Moreover, their mutual relation changes during the rotation of the element. The dependency of the stress intensity factors on the crack length was described by general parametric equations. The model was then modified by adding a void to simulate the presence of a manufacturing defect. It was found that the influence of the void on the stress intensity factor values is quite high, but it fades with crack propagating further from the void. The effect of the friction between the crack faces was find negligible on stress intensity factor values. The results presented in this paper can be directly used for the calculation of bearing elements lifetime without complicated finite element simulations.
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20

Hruntovich, Mikolay, Nadzeya Hruntovich, Aliaksei Kapanski, Larisa Markaryants, and Elena Gracheva. "Physical basis of rolling bearing vibration formation of structural." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001046.

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The problem of increasing the reliability of detecting defects, both in new rolling bearings and the ones having already been in operation is current. The article describes the physical foundations of vibration of rolling bearings, caused by the different dimensions of the rolling elements and increased microwaves of the rings. A classification of rolling bearing defects was proposed, as well as calculation formulas for vibration frequencies corresponding to the indicated defects. It is shown that the vibration level at the overturning frequency depends on the gap size and the rotor mass. As an example, possible defects of rolling bearing No.310 were considered and their vibration frequencies were calculated. The frequency range in which defects of the rings and rolling elements appear was installed. An explanation of the reasons for the occurrence of high-frequency vibration was given. The combination of defects in the rolling elements of different dimensions and imbalance in the rotor causes the intensive development of microshells on the rolling bearing rings. Examples of experimental vibroacoustic characteristics were given to illustrate the physical processes of vibration in rolling bearings with various defects.
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21

Pabiszczak, Stanisław. "Conducting of the rolling elements in the spiroid gears." Mechanik, no. 8-9 (September 2016): 1204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2016.8-9.319.

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22

KARASZEWSKI, Waldemar. "ANALYSIS OF RING CRACKS IN CERAMIC ROLLING ELEMENTS USING THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD." Tribologia 285, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5434.

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Ceramic materials have been increasingly used in bearing systems for over a dozen years. This is due to the specific properties of ceramic materials, such as high hardness, corrosion resistance, the possibility of use in aggressive chemical environments, as well as due to the lower specific weight as compared to steel materials. However, the use of ceramic materials imposes many limitations. The main disadvantages include surface cracks and a low fracture toughness value. The paper presents a numerical analysis of crack propagation in silicon nitride balls. The directions of propagation were analysed for the cracks that are most commonly found on the surface of the commercially available ceramic balls. The directions were analysed along the crack front and considering the location of the crack in relation to the contact point of the balls in the rolling contact. The numerical calculations are based on a three-dimensional model of the ring crack. Numerical calculations were carried out using the boundary element method. Numerical solutions were compared with the results of experimental research.
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23

Wang, Y., and M. Hadfield. "A study of line defect fatigue failure of ceramic rolling elements in rolling contact." Wear 253, no. 9-10 (November 2002): 975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(02)00253-3.

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24

FUKASAWA, So, Yasunori SAKAI, Jiang ZHU, Hayato YOSHIOKA, Tomohisa TANAKA, Kaoru HOSHIIDE, and Ryuji FURUSAWA. "OS0610 Influence of Contact Condition of Rolling Elements on Damping Characteristics of Rolling Guideway." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2016.22 (2016): _OS0610–1_—_OS0610–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2016.22._os0610-1_.

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25

Datta, J., and K. Farhang. "A Nonlinear Model for Structural Vibrations in Rolling Element Bearings: Part I—Derivation of Governing Equations." Journal of Tribology 119, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2832445.

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This paper, the first of two companion papers, presents a model for investigating structural vibrations in rolling element bearings. The analytical formulation accounts for tangential and radial motions of the rolling elements, as well as the cage, the inner and the outer races. The contacts between the rolling elements and races are treated as nonlinear springs whose stiffnesses are obtained by application of the equation for Hertzian elastic contact deformation. The derivation of the equations of motion is facilitated by assuming that only rolling contact exists between the races and rolling elements. Application of Lagrange’s equations leads to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing the motion of the bearing system. These equations are then solved using the Runge-Kutta integration technique. Using the formulation in the second part—“A Nonlinear Model for Structural Vibrations in Rolling Element Bearings: Part II—Simulation and Results,” a number of effects on bearing structural vibrations are studied. This work is unique from previous studies in that the model simulates vibration from intrinsic properties and constituent elements of the bearing, and takes into account every contact region within the bearing, representing it by a nonlinear spring.
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26

Shavkun, V. "METHODOLOGY OF CHOOSING PARAMETERS FOR DIAGNOSING ELEMENTS OF URBAN ELECTRIC VEHICLES." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 163 (June 29, 2021): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-138-143.

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The operation of various vehicles in the field of urban electric transport is accompanied by high costs to maintain their working condition throughout the service life. Preservation of serviceability of vehicles is provided by performance of planned and preventive works on maintenance (MOT) and repair, and also the unscheduled repairs which are carried out for elimination of failures which arise in the interprophylactic periods, and malfunctions. As already noted, in the planned preventive maintenance and repair system, the vehicle after a certain mileage (time) is forcibly subjected to preventive actions in the prescribed amount. At the same time, despite the adjustment of maintenance and repair modes depending on a number of factors, there is no individual approach to each rolling stock. However, there is a need for such an approach, because even when rolling stock under the same conditions, the technical condition of each of them at the same time due to a number of reasons (individual characteristics of rolling stock, driving quality, maintenance, etc.) can differ significantly. Not every rolling stock requires all the operations provided by the "hard" volume of a particular type of maintenance. Execution of these "unnecessary" operations leads, on the one hand, to incomplete realization of individual properties of a rolling stock, increase in expenses for MOT, on the other, at all does not promote improvement of its technical condition. On the contrary, more frequent interventions in the work of joints of units and mechanisms contribute to increased wear of bonded surfaces, the appearance of damage to joints, violation of the tightness of joints. Significant losses of labor and material resources are also associated with a large amount of repair work due to late detection of failures. The fullest use of individual capabilities of rolling stock and ensuring on this basis the high efficiency of rolling stock during operation can be done through the widespread introduction into the technological process of maintenance and repair of diagnosing the technical condition of rolling stock. To increase the efficiency of the vehicle, use, methods and diagnostic tools have been developed, which are used both during maintenance and repairs, and as an independent technological process. Diagnosis allows to increase the coefficient of readiness and probability of trouble-free operation of vehicles, to reduce the complexity and cost of operation, to increase the maintainability and controllability of vehicles.
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27

Mei, Rui Bin, Chang Sheng Li, Xiang Hua Liu, and Li Bao. "Rigid Plastic FEM Model of Fast Solution to Strip Rolling." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.358.

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Rigid plastic finite element method (RPFEM) is one of the most efficient numerical methods during the rolling process. Realizing FEM online application has been main target for many researchers. The influence of compile method, elements number, compressible parameter, friction factor and convergent criteria were investigated and RPFEM model of fast solution to strip rolling was proposed in this work. Compile method and compressible parameter have less influence on calculated rolling force. However, the iteration steps are reduced and computational efficiency is improved greatly with compile method of release and compressible parameter 0.01. The change of calculated rolling force becomes less but iteration steps become more and more with the increment of elements number. Both accuracy and efficiency is satisfying with the change of elements number from 50 to 200. In addition, the typical rolling schedule from a certain plant has been solved with the developed program FFEM-2D by FORTRAN. The predicted rolling force has a good agreement with the measured value. The iteration steps change from 12 to 36 and computational time is less than 200(ms) with the model in one pass rolling. Therefore, the accuracy is satisfying and computational time fully meets the basic requirements of FEM online application. Keywords: Rolling; RPFEM; Fast solution; Computational time
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28

Schirra, Tobias, Georg Martin, and Eckhard Kirchner. "DESIGN OF AND WITH SENSING MACHINE ELEMENTS - USING THE EXAMPLE OF A SENSING ROLLING BEARING." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.106.

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AbstractIn this paper the development process of a sensing rolling bearing is presented, from which finally design rules for sensing machine elements are derived. In the first step, the requirements of the users are determined. It turns out user of sensing machine elements want to continue to use the advantage of the standardized machine elements and costs should not be incurred by redesign or complex assembly. With these requirements the development of the sensing rolling bearing is started, in which the different presented technologies are reviewed for their suitability regarding the requirements. With the selected technology measuring the electric rolling bearing impedance to estimate rolling bearing loads, a first prototype is developed by creating a functional structure of the product and focusing on the partial solution of the most relevant partial functions. This prototype is then tested with regard to its functionality. Finally, generalizable design rules for sensing machine elements are derived from the development.
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29

Wronski, Marcin, Krzysztof Wierzbanowski, Lucjan Pytlik, Brigitte Bacroix, and Paul Lipiński. "Study of Asymmetric Rolling of Titanium by the Finite Elements Method with Implemented Crystalline Model." Materials Science Forum 777 (February 2014): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.777.65.

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The goal of this work was to study the asymmetric rolling process using the Finite Element Method (FEM) coupled with the deformation model of polycrystalline material. The Leffers-Wierzbanowski (LW) model was selected to be implemented into FEM. This implementation enables a study of heterogeneous plastic deformation process, like asymmetric rolling, taking into account its crystallographic nature. The asymmetric rolling was realized using two identical rolls, driven by independent motors, rotating with different angular velocities. This enabled to obtain a controlled range of rolling asymmetry. Our aim was to examine the properties of asymmetrically rolled commercially pure titanium (Grade 2).
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30

Axinte, Tiberiu. "Finite Elements Analysis of the Rail-Wheel Rolling Contact." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.559.

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The railway transportation system is nowadays one of the most important systems for land transport because its increased load carrying capacity, high speed, low costs, connectivity and ecologic features. As a result, the railways are subjected to additional loads which produce a higher level of strains and stresses. The rolling contact of a wheel on a rail is the basis of many rail-wheel related problems including the rail corrugation, wear, plastic deformation, rotating interaction fatigue, thermo-elastic-plastic behavior in contact, fracture, creep, and vehicle dynamics vibration. Therefore, this topic became the research subject for many researchers worldwide. Practical experience shows that the stress distribution is an important factor at the rail-wheel contact interfaces, that is, two materials in contact at rolling interfaces which are highly influenced by the geometry of the contacting surfaces, material constants, loads and boundary conditions. Three different procedures have conventionally been utilized to inspect rail-wheel contacts including Hertzs theory and Kalkers analytical method. The calculation of these stresses becomes much more complicated in three dimensional real size geometries. For this reason, many scientists have simplified the problem mainly by means of theoretical or numerical approaches based on the Hertzs theory, which can be considered the starting point of all subsequent researches. Both static and dynamic contact stresses have been carefully examined. Accurate theories, as well as computer software have been developed to evaluate all the parameters which influence the rail-wheel interaction. The analytical equations were employed to calculate the Hertzian stresses using the Octave software. For these elements, the simplifying hypothesis was to consider only the elastic properties of materials and, consequently, to neglect the elastic-plastic characteristics. Besides, many models generally neglected the friction coefficient between the rail and wheel, which is one of the most critical factors in determining the precise amount of stresses and distribution of contact pressure in rail-wheel contact area. On the other hand, some practical methods have also been introduced to solve traditional problems related to rail-wheel interaction. Other original contribution of this research is to create a precise finite element model of a 3D rail-wheel, axle and pads in order to evaluate stresses, strains, and contact forces in this complex interaction system. However, unlike many previous works, this study focuses on the real conditions of the problem including exact boundary and loading conditions, using real-size complete model of various components with precise shapes.
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31

Voronin, Sergey, Ivan Hrunyk, Volodymyr Stefanov, Oleksandr Volkov, and Dmytro Onopreychuk. "Research into frictional interaction between the magnetized rolling elements." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 7 (89) (October 24, 2017): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2017.109523.

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32

Kang, J., M. Hadfield, and S. Tobe. "Residual stress field of HIPed silicon nitride rolling elements." Ceramics International 28, no. 6 (January 2002): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-8842(02)00021-4.

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33

Reshetnikova, O. P., B. M. Iznairov, A. N. Vasin, N. V. Belousova, and A. V. Panfilova. "Base error for centerless grinding of spherical rolling elements." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 862 (May 28, 2020): 032010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/862/3/032010.

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34

Ahmed, R., and M. Hadfield. "Fatigue behaviour of HVOF coated M50 steel rolling elements." Surface Engineering 14, no. 6 (January 1998): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sur.1998.14.6.473.

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35

Schöppl, Oskar, and Tanja Lube. "Testing Methods on Ceramic Rolling Elements for Hybrid Bearings." Materials Performance and Characterization 4, no. 1 (November 17, 2015): MPC20150025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mpc20150025.

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36

Wang, Haixiong, Yonghu Lv, Yan Lou, Jibin Li, and C. F. Cheung. "Continuous injection direct rolling for optical elements with microstructures." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 85, no. 9-12 (February 23, 2016): 2247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8499-2.

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37

Ahmed, R., and M. Hadfield. "Rolling contact fatigue performance of detonation gun coated elements." Tribology International 30, no. 2 (February 1997): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-679x(96)00036-9.

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38

Miyake, S. "Dust Generation From Rolling-Sliding Elements of Combined Stainless Steel and Silicon Nitride." Journal of Tribology 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 634–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831528.

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To select tribological materials for use in clean environments, dust-generation properties from rolling-sliding elements made of silicon nitride ceramics and stainless steel were investigated. The rolling-sliding testing apparatus was used to investigate dust-generation properties of basic rolling-sliding elements. The number of dust particles generated increases rapidly with the percentage of sliding, or with what is called sliding rate in the rolling-sliding tests. Compared with pure martensitic stainless steel (440C) and silicon nitride (Si3N4), the combination of stainless steel and silicon nitride generates the least amount of dust PFPE grease lubrication drastically reduces the number of dust particles larger than 0.1 μm diameter. Dust generation increases with friction and wear volume. The generated dust volume is about 1/200 to 1/300 of the wear volume of a specimen without lubricant. This indicates that the dust particles were formed mainly by sliding.
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39

Yi, Sang Bong, Dietmar Letzig, Kerstin Hantzsche, Rodolfo Gonzalez Martinez, Jan Bohlen, Igor Schestakow, and Stefan Zaefferer. "Improvement of Magnesium Sheet Formability by Alloying Addition of Rare Earth Elements." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 1506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1506.

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The influences of rare earth elements addition on the crystallographic texture and microstructural evolutions are examined during rolling and annealing of Mg-sheets. In case of Nd or Y additions, dynamic recrystallisation is suppressed such that the deformed microstructure is observed after hot rolling with relatively large strain per pass. Cold rolled binary Mg-Nd alloy sheet shows strong texture with splitting of the basal poles in the rolling direction, however, the texture intensity decreases significantly during the recrystallisation annealing. From the comparison of deep drawing behaviours between commercial ZE10 and AZ31 sheets, it is observed that the addition of the rare earth elements and accompanying texture changes result in the improved formability.
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40

Flugrad, Donald R., and Abir Z. Qamhiyah. "A Self-Actuating Traction-Drive Speed Reducer." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 4 (September 9, 2004): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1897410.

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Traction-drive speed reducers offer certain advantages over geared speed reducers. In particular, they generally run quieter than geared units and provide an opportunity for higher efficiency by eliminating sliding motion between contacting elements. In order to generate a sufficiently high output torque, some means must be provided to create a normal force between the rolling elements. This normal force, along with the friction coefficient, enables the device to transmit torque from one rolling member to the next. The speed reducer proposed here is designed so that the configuration of the rolling elements creates the needed normal force in response to the torque exerted back on the system by the downstream loading. Thus the device is self-actuating. Since the normal force is only present when needed, the rolling elements of the device can readily be disengaged, thus eliminating the need for a separate clutch in the drive system. This feature can be exploited to design a transmission with several distinct speed ratios that can be engaged and disengaged in response to changing speed requirements.
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41

Ambrosimov, Sergey, and Ruslan Gribkov. "Formed surface finishing by methods of surface plastic deformation." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2020, no. 6 (June 14, 2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2223-4608-2020-6-28-32.

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There is presented a method for formed surface rolling with a self-adjusting rolling tool. A design and a procedure for the computation of roller basic elements are shown. There are presented results of experimental investigations of roughness formation in shaped surfaces at different rolling modes.
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42

Kuo, Chang Hung. "Elasto-Plastic Contact Stress Analysis of Hardened Elements under Repeated Contact Loading." Key Engineering Materials 823 (September 2019): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.823.91.

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An elastic-plastic contact stress analysis is presented to study cyclic plastic deformation of surface hardened rolling elements under repeated contacts. The rolling contact is simulated by a Hertz contact loading moving across an elastic-plastic half-space. An exponential model with hardness varying with depth is employed for the surface hardened components, and the Chaboche nonlinear hardening rule is used to model cyclic plastic behavior of contact elements. Numerical results show that the hardened layer can effectively reduce the plastic deformation near contact surface. The contact elements with sufficient surface hardness may reach elastic shakedown state under repeatedly rolling contact. As the hardened layer reaches a certain depth, e.g. two times of half contact length, however, the effects of case depth on plastic strain and residual stress become negligible after hundred contact cycles.
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43

Smolnicki, Tadeusz, and Eugeniusz Rusiński. "Superelement-Based Modeling of Load Distribution in Large-Size Slewing Bearings." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 4 (March 29, 2006): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2437784.

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The supporting structures in large-size slewing bearings are highly flexible. In order to choose the proper bearing and shape the load-carrying structure one must estimate the distribution of forces among the individual rolling elements. Advanced numerical models are needed for this. An original method of modeling the rolling element-track system is presented and its usefulness for modeling large-size bearings is demonstrated. The results of an exemplary analysis are presented in the form of graphs and figures. The superelement-based discrete bearing models are so far most comprehensive and take into account all the phenomena involved in the bearing-supporting structures system. The application of the finite-element method and the models based on the track-rolling element-track superelement made it possible to determine the effect of the deformability of the supporting structures and the nonuniformity of their flexibility on the loading of the rolling elements in the two-row bearing. The use of formulas which do not take into account the flexibility of the supporting structures to determine the distribution of the load among the rolling elements is unacceptable.
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44

Rakhmanov, S. R. "Dynamics control in pipe cold rolling mill main drive." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-3-355-364.

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Elimination of unstable and critical states of deformed systems of pipes pilger cold rolling mill, heavy-loaded equipment of which functions under conditionsof increase dynamic loads, is mainly intended for mechanic system dynamics stabilization until the accepted level of loading. Active mechanicties in the initial dynamic model revealed, which stipulate the demonstration of pronounced parametric processes in the studied system of pipes cold rolling mill main driver. Analysis of reasons of parametric oscillations originating carried out for systems of pipes cold rolling mill main driver. Zones of dynamic instability of mechanic system functioning according to Eins–Strett diagram determined, that enable to make the choice of passive optimal rolling regimes at the stage of technological processes designing of pipes pilger cold rolling.A system of active control by main driver of pipes cold rolling mill elaborated based on its mathematical model. A structure of optimal control by angular oscillations driver line elements of pipes cold rolling mill selected and parameters ofactive control impacts of the automated servo control system determined. A mechanism of optimal control by dynamic state ofdriver line elements of pipes cold rolling mill proposed. Also proposed an outline of critical and instablestates elimination for the main driver line driver of pipes cold rolling mill, which is realized by means of adaptive active automated servo control facility. The modernized main driver line of pipes cold rolling mill is equipped by facilities and control systems, enabling to switch the initial mechanic system from a critical state into a zone ofdesired states in a servo regime. Sensors of threshold moments level of elasticity forcesare installed on the drive shaft of main driver of pipes cold rolling mill. During the drive shaft angular elastic oscillations, comprising of actual and desired parameters of mechanicsystem is made based on sensors signals. Next, a correspondent control impact is formed based on algorithm embedded into the electric drive servo control system. When the displayed point of the drive shaft reaches the desired area of system dynamic stability, the active drive control is switched off. If further the disturbing load, applied from the side of deformation seat, makes the drive line dynamic characteristics off the desired status, then the dynamic system control process is repeated in anautomated mode. Reliability of the results received confirmed by calculation example and experiments at the main driver of pipes cold rolling mill ХПТ-32.
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45

Zhao, Yina, Yinli Chen, He Wei, Jiquan Sun, and Wei Yu. "The Role of Elements Partition and Austenite Grain Size in the Ferrite-Bainite Banding Formation during Hot Rolling." Materials 14, no. 9 (May 1, 2021): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092356.

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The partitioning and diffusion of solute elements in hot rolling and the effect of the partitioning and diffusion on the ferrite-bainite banding formation after hot rolling in the 20CrMnTi steel were experimentally examined by EPMA (electron probe microanalysis) technology and simulated by DICTRTA and MATLAB software. The austenite grain size related to the hot rolling process and the effect of austenite grain size on the ferrite-bainite banding formation were studied. The results show that experimental steel without banding has the most uniform hardness distribution, which is taken from the edge of the cast slab and 1/4 diameter position of the cast slab, heating at 1100 °C for 2 h and above 1200 °C for 2–4 h during the hot rolling, respectively. Cr, Mn, and Si diffuse and inhomogeneously concentrate in austenite during hot rolling, while C homogeneously concentrates in austenite. After the same hot rolling process, ΔAe3 increases and ferrite-bainite banding intensifies with increasing initial segregation width and segregation coefficient K of solute elements. Under the same initial segregation of solute elements, ΔAe3 drops and ferrite-bainite banding reduces with increasing heating temperature and extension heating time. When ΔAe3 drops below 14 °C, ferrite-bainite banding even disappears. What is more, the austenite grain size increases with increasing heating temperature and extension heating time. When the austenite grain size is above 21 μm, the experimental steel will not appear to have a banded structure after hot rolling.
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46

Garibaldi, Luigi, Guo Feng Wang, Stefano Marchesiello, and Alessandro Fasana. "Diagnosis of Rolling Elements Bearing Based on Inverse Autoregressive Filter." Key Engineering Materials 413-414 (June 2009): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.413-414.635.

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Diagnosis of rolling elements bearing plays an important role on the running and maintenance of mechanical equipments. To enhance the feature of fault and to further diagnose the status of bearings with a small fault size so as to realize the early recognition, the method of inverse filter based on Autoregressive model is presented in this paper, and the corresponding criterion of order selection is also discussed. Analysis of simulation signals and real data show that this method could enhance feature of impulse signal. Meanwhile, it is also found that for small size fault, the root mean square feature is more effective than kurtosis value, which is considered very useful for early diagnosis of rolling elements bearings.
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47

Faria, L. O., J. T. Oden, B. Yavari, W. W. Tworzydlo, J. M. Bass, and E. B. Becker. "Tire Modeling by Finite Elements." Tire Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2139507.

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Abstract Recent advances in the development of a general three-dimensional finite element methodology for modeling large deformation steady state behavior of tire structures is presented. The new developments outlined here include the extension of the material modeling capabilities to include viscoelastic materials and a generalization of the formulation of the rolling contact problem to include special nonlinear constraints. These constraints include normal contact load, applied torque, and constant pressure-volume. Several new test problems and examples of tire analysis are presented.
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48

Tulupov, Viktor D., Mikhail A. Sleptsov, and Aleksandrs A. Briedis. "Ways to Improve the Reliability of Bearings in Traction Induction Machines." Vestnik MEI 2, no. 2 (2021): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-2-60-70.

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The problem of electric rolling stock traction machinery failures caused by electrical erosion of bearings is addressed. Damages inflicted to traction machinery bearings as a result of electric current flowing through them have been known since long ago. In recent time, however, damages of this kind have become more frequent, because frequency and voltage converters for control of three-phase inductor motors are widely used in the electric rolling stock. An overview of factors causing the occurrence of stray currents generated in frequency converter driven traction motors and sources of these currents is presented. Electric current flows through rolling bearings in the area of the contact between the rolling elements with inner and outer rings, thus causing damage to the bearing metal components' rolling surfaces and degrading the quality of lubricants. To study and analyze the currents through bearings, the stray capacitances existing in traction machines are determined, and their calculation methods are defined, the necessity of which is stemming from the fact that these capacitances influence the generation of parasitic currents. The stray capacitances in traction machines include the capacitance between the stator windings and the stator core pack, the capacitance between the stator windings and the rotor, the capacitance between the rotor and the stator core pack, and the capacitances of the bearings. From the electrical point of view, bearings may also be regarded as capacitances. As long as there is a continuous lubricant film between the inner ring and outer rings and the rolling elements, the bearings behave as capacitors. A difference of potentials across the bearing elements may lead to electrostatic discharges and, hence, to discharge currents through the bearings. One of possible ways to enhance the reliability of traction machine bearing units is to use insulated bearings. The change in the impedance of bearings with ceramic coating and hybrid rolling elements depending on the applied voltage frequency and operating temperature is calculated and analyzed. Conclusions regarding the expediency of using hybrid bearings having rings made of bearing steel and rolling elements made of bearing silicon nitride (Si3N4) are drawn.
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49

Ville, F., S. Coulon, and A. A. Lubrecht. "Influence of Solid Contaminants on the Fatigue Life of Lubricated Machine Elements." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 220, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065005x34062.

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Solid contamination of lubricants is one of the main causes of premature rolling contact fatigue of machine elements (e.g. rolling element bearings in automotive gearboxes). Understanding the indentation process (creation of surface defect by debris passing through the contact) and the surface damage initiation allows the prediction of the induced risk. This article summarizes the work of the authors and proposes a risk prediction on the basis of operating conditions and dent geometry.
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50

Yang, Lei, Yi Zhu He, Hui Zhang, Yin Sheng He, and Kee Sam Shin. "Analytic Modeling of Rolling Force during the Hot Rod Rolling of Multiple Alloying Steels." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2975.

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This paper proposes a semi-analytical method for the prediction of rolling force for rod rolling. The grooves of the passes are oval-round and round-oval. The mathematical model of rolling force is based on Shinkura and Takai’s model, but incorporates the effects of recrystallization and the alloy elements. Hot rod rolling experiments are conducted to examine the proposed semi-analytical method. The predicting values are compared with the mill log data, and they agree excellently over the whole rolling course. The predictions indicate that recrystallization affects the resistance of the material during hot rod rolling.
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