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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Roman Ancient'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Grau, Donatien. "Le roman romain : généalogie d'un genre français." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040069.

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Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier l’émergence et le développement dans la littérature française d’un genre nouveau, du début du XIXe jusqu’à la fin du XXe siècle : le roman romain à sujet contemporain. N’évoquant pas la stabilité de la Ville antique, de ses ruines et de ses monuments, mais le paysage urbain et humain en mouvement de l’époque, il rompt avec la tradition du Grand Tour, qui était implicitement fondée sur la notion qu’aucune fiction ne pouvait être inventée dans le présent éternel de Rome, puisque la perception qu’on en pouvait nourrir était si profondément ancrée dans le passé. En faisant usage du roman, les écrivains étaient confrontés simultanément à la modernité du médium et à la modernisation urbaine et politique de la Ville, alors qu’ils avaient toujours à l’esprit le signe de Rome – le mythe de la Ville Éternelle. Les romans situés dans la Rome contemporaine fournissaient à leurs auteurs la possibilité de traiter des questions les plus fondamentales de l’éthique et de l’esthétique dela fiction : le rôle de la croyance dans la civilisation moderne – en terme de religion et de son contrepoint, la fiction littéraire ; le rôle du passé dans la construction de la modernité ; l’importance du présent dans l’expérience du passé ; la signification des Anciens à l’époque des Modernes. Analyser les formes du roman français à sujet romain contemporain signifie plus encore que de se confronter au portrait d’une ville : c’est une étude de la pertinence des paradigmes occidentaux
This thesis aims to address the emergence and the development in French literature of a whole new genre, from the beginning of the 19th until the end of the 20th century: the contemporaneous Roman-themed novel. Dealing not with the stability of the Ancient City, its ruins and its monuments, but with the shifting urban and human landscape of the time, it disrupts the tradition of the Grand Tour, which was implicitly based on the notion that no fiction could be invented in the eternal present of Rome, since the perception one could have there was so deeply rooted in the past. By using the novel, writers were simultaneously confronted to the modernity of the medium and to the urban and political modernisation of the city, while the sign of Rome – the myth of the Eternal City – was always present in their mind. Novels set in contemporaneous Rome provided their authors with the possibility to engage with the most crucial issues inherent to the aesthetics and ethics of fiction: the role of belief in modern cultures – in terms of religion and its counterpart, literary fiction; the role of the past in the construction of modernity; the importance of the present in the experience of the past; the meaning of the Ancients at the time of the Moderns. Analysing the forms of the French contemporaneous Roman-themed novel signifies even more than engaging with the portrait of a city: it is a study in the relevance of Western paradigms
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2

Demidova, Elizaveta. "Archaeometallurgical characterisation of ancient Roman bronze coins." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20852.

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Introduction: The three of several ancient bronze coins were selected for this master thesis research. The coins were considered to belong to the Roman mint of the Egyptian origin in the province of Alexandria. They were excavated in the archaeological site Bubastis ancient city. Archaeometallurgical characterisation of those coins implies to a performance of detailed investigation of the chemical composition and microstructure of the alloy and the analysis of corrosion products of the coins. The archaeometry analysis was performed by means of a multi-analytical approach: X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) will be used to determine the elemental composition and microstructure of the bulk metal and understanding the corrosion mechanism. The origin of the three ancient bronze coins that were chosen for performing the present master thesis research is not known for sure. They are a part of a several coins collection that were purchased at a market in Egypt in Cairo with a purpose of their material study in sense of advantages of conservation science and archaeometry. It is known that nowadays it is not easy to acquire samples of historical value to perform a scientific research, taking in consideration the situation with some museums laws, that sometimes or usually do not support an idea of cooperation between cultural heritage protection and conservation science. On the other hand, a research on material study in most usual cases requires destructive methods of analysis by application of some analytical techniques that consider sample preparation (like cross-sections). ‘It is often difficult to persuade museum curators to permit any sampling technique that involves the physical removal of metal from a coin, although all relevant techniques require the removal of at least some material in order to obtain or expose the ‘heart metal’ of the coin…’ 1 [1] Obviously, the chance of destruction of cultural heritage object is not in any case acceptable, which is one of the reasons of absence of contact between museums and archaeometry and conservation science. In this case, it was necessary to find other ways of obtaining the samples, and the simple idea of their purchase was quite essential.
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3

Ako-Adounvo, Gifty. "Studies in the iconography of Blacks in Roman art." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50980.pdf.

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4

Peterson, J. W. M. "Computer-aided investigation of ancient cadastres." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336048.

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5

Petersen, Lauren Hackworth. "Questioning Roman "freedman art" : ancient and modern constructions /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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6

Pinckernelle, Kathia. "The iconography of Ancient Greek and Roman jewellery." Connect to e-thesis. Edited version, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/318/.

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Thesis (MPhil(R)) - University of Glasgow, 2008.
MPhil(R) thesis submitted to the Department of History of Art, Faculty of Arts, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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7

Weeks, Alice Rebecca. "Ancient knowledge, Roman politics and Frontinus' 'technical' treatises." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284039.

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8

Edwards, Catharine. "Transgression and control : studies in ancient Roman immorality." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272621.

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9

Armstrong, Andrea June. "Roman Phrygia : cities and their coinage." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317812/.

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The principal focus of this thesis is the Upper Maeander Valley in Phrygia, which is now part of modern Turkey, and in particular three cities situated in that region, namely Laodicea, Hierapolis and Colossae. The main source used is the coinage produced by these cities with the aim of determining how they viewed their place within the Roman Empire and how they reacted to the realities of Roman rule. Inscriptional, architectural and narrative sources are also used as well as comparative material from other Phrygian and Asian cities. In order to achieve its aim, the thesis is divided into two parts. Part One details the history of Laodicea, Hierapolis and Colossae and explains the coinage system in use within the province of Asia on a regional and a civic level. The final chapter in the first part of the thesis introduces the theme of the interaction between city, region and empire which is developed more fully in Part Two. Part Two discusses the types used on the coins of the cities of the Upper Maeander Valley in the context of the cultural and religious circumstances of Rome and also in reaction to the organisational and political changes affecting the province of Asia as well as the Empire as a whole. The main conclusions of the thesis are that the cities of Laodicea, Hierapolis and Colossae were very aware of Rome and of their own status, as well as that of their province, within the Roman Empire especially in the context of ongoing circumstances and developments within the Empire. As a whole, the thesis clearly highlights the ways in which city, region and empire interacted together and shows that studies of particular regions and their coinage deserve more attention than they have hitherto received.
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10

Plant, Irene Elizabeth. "Ancient drama : stagecraft and signcraft." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/ancient-drama--stagecraft-and-signcraft(d99beb86-ebb2-4f7d-8f0d-10f923015ec9).html.

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11

Kleinman, Brahm. "Ambitus in the Late Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.)." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107806.

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This study provides an analysis of the electoral practice of ambitus, usually translated as electoral bribery, during the last generation of the Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.). It offers a broader definition of ambitus as "an exaggeration of traditional electoral practices" and argues that it should not be considered a form of corruption in the context of late Republican politics. Ambitus had several important symbolic and practical functions that made it an indispensable part of canvassing, but was not primarily a method for candidates to obtain the votes of poorer citizens. Opposition to ambitus, whether in the form of legislation, prosecutions or invective, did not stem from moral outrage but from practical concerns and the specific political goals of individual aristocrats. Senators hoped to use legislation and prosecutions against ambitus to advance their own careers. At the same time, aristocratic competition had intensified due to the constitutional reforms enacted during Sulla's dictatorship. It was recognized that ever increasing expenditure was necessary to win elections. The political elite thus considered the rising scale of ambitus to be a destabilizing factor in late Republican politics and attempted to regulate it.
Cette étude offre une analyse de la pratique électorale d'ambitus, traduit habituellement comme corruption électorale, au cours de la dernière génération de la république Romaine (80-50 avant J.-C.). L'auteur offre une définition plus large d'ambitus comme étant « une exagération des pratiques électorales traditionnelles » et affirme que cela ne devrait pas être considéré une forme de corruption dans le contexte de l'apogée de la politique républicaine. L'ambitus servait plusieurs importantes fonctions symboliques et pragmatiques qui en faisaient une partie indispensable du démarchage électoral. Néanmoins, ce n'était pas principalement une méthode d'obtention, pour les candidats, des votes des citoyens les plus pauvres. L'opposition à ambitus, que ce soit sous la forme de lois, de poursuites ou d'invective, ne parvenait pas d'une indignation morale de la population, mais plutôt des préoccupations et des objectifs politiques de certains aristocrates. Ces sénateurs espéraient approprier l'effort contre l'ambitus pour avancer leurs propres carrières. En même temps, alors que la compétition entre aristocrates s'intensifiait en raison des réformes constitutionnelles de la dictature de Sulla, il a été reconnu que ces dépenses, devenus de plus en plus nécessaires pour effectuer l'ambitus et gagner les élections, étaient une force de déstabilisation dans la politique républicaine. Les élites politiques donc essayaient de le réglementer.
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12

McPherson, Catherine. "The First Illyrian War: A study in Roman Imperialism." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107788.

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This paper presents a detailed case study in early Roman imperialism in the Greek East: the First Illyrian War (229/8 B.C.), Rome's first military engagement across the Adriatic. It places Roman decision-making and action within its proper context by emphasizing the role that Greek polities and Illyrian tribes played in both the outbreak and conclusion of the war. It argues that the primary motivation behind the Roman decision to declare war against the Ardiaei in 229 was to secure the very profitable trade routes linking Brundisium to the eastern shore of the Adriatic. It was in fact the failure of the major Greek powers to limit Ardiaean piracy that led directly to Roman intervention. In the earliest phase of trans-Adriatic engagement Rome was essentially uninterested in expansion or establishing a formal hegemony in the Greek East and maintained only very loose ties to the polities of the eastern Adriatic coast. However, Rome did exercise a certain influence in the decision-making processes of these polities in the decades following the war. Nonetheless, the absence of a Roman presence in the region following the war led directly to further intervention in the region a decade later.
Ce mémoire se veut être une étude de cas approfondie de l'impérialisme romain naissant dans l'Orient grec : le cas de la Première Guerre illyrienne (229/8 av. J.C.), la première entreprise militaire romaine de l'autre côté de l'Adriatique. L'approche choisie situe le processus décisionnel et les actions de Rome dans leur contexte propre en insistant sur le rôle que les communautés grecques et illyriennes eurent à jouer à la fois dans le déclenchement et dans la conclusion de la guerre. Cette étude soutient que la déclaration de guerre de Rome contre les Vardéens en 229 fut principalement motivée par le désir de s'assurer le contrôle des lucratives routes de commerce reliant Brundisium à la côte orientale de l'Adriatique. Ce fut en fait l'incapacité des principales puissances grecques à mettre un frein à la piraterie vardéenne qui mena directement à l'intervention romaine. Rome ne montra d'abord que peu d'intérêt envers une expansion ou l'établissement d'une quelconque hégémonie dans l'Orient grec. Elle ne maintint que de vagues relations avec les communautés de la côte est de l'Adriatique. Rome exerça cependant une certaine influence sur le processus de décision de ces communautés au cours des décennies qui suivirent la guerre. Malgré cela, c'était en effet l'absence des romains dans cette région qui mena directement à l'intervention romaine dans la région dix ans plus tard.
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13

Leslie, Alan F. "Roman temporary camps in Britain." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/789/.

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The thesis draws together for the first time in print a comprehensive list of Roman temporary camps in Britain, drawn from published and archival sources. This material is presented as a corpus at the end of the volume. Following the introductory chapter, which outlines the scope of the work, the history of the development of study into the subject is reviewed in detail, examining the contributions made by both terrestrial and aerial archaeologists. Thereafter the evidence provided by the classical sources is examined and an attempt is made to trace the origins and subsequent development of the Roman military camp. The issue of definition forms the subject of the next section and it is argued that greater clarity than exists at present is required to allow these sites to be adequately addressed. This leads to a statement of the current state of knowledge in the subject, with a review of the central themes and arguments, and it is proposed that the role of terrestrial archaeology, and in particular excavation, has become unfairly undervalued. To support this contention a close study of the evidence provided by excavation is undertaken, leading to a call for renewed efforts through this medium, as a means of both supplementing and complementing the information obtained through the medium of aerial reconnaissance. Three case studies are then presented, utilising the methodological approaches championed in the preceding chapter. The thesis culminates in a critique of the existing knowledge base which concludes that while healthy, the subject is capable of significant advances of knowledge, some of which may best be achieved by recourse to a more balanced approach using all applications available to the discipline.
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14

Kruse, Marion Woodrow III. "The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436456307.

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15

Goddard, Justin Philip. "Moral attitudes to eating and drinking in ancient Rome." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272635.

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16

Bourgeois, Brandon Edward. "Roman Imperial Accessions: Politics, Constituencies, and Communicative Acts." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534607518395542.

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17

Bowman, Michael R. "Creating the Elsewhere: Virtual Reality in the Ancient Roman World." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429644077.

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18

Heyman, George P. Watts James W. "The power of sacrifice Roman and Christian discourses in conflict /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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19

Neumann, Kristina Marie. "Mapping the Transformation of Roman Antioch: The Coin Evidence." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439304606.

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20

Auanger, Lisa. "A catalog of images of women in the official arts of ancient Rome /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841130.

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21

Katz, Rebecca Aileen. "Arma virumque: The Significance of Spoils in Roman Culture." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493290.

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This dissertation explores the significance of spoils and the practice of spoils-taking in Roman culture. Working from the premise that spoils in the classical sense (Latin spolia, exuviae) are items singled out for their symbolic value and accordingly subjected to different treatment than other war booty (Latin praeda, manubiae), I begin by examining arma, one of the primary targets of despoliation, in order to show how this symbolic value is generated based on the identity of the spoils’ original owners. From there I show that the value of spoils depends directly upon the virtus (i.e. “manliness” as demonstrated primarily through courage or prowess in combat) of the parties involved in taking and giving them, as shown by cases involving male figures who lack this quality or female figures who exhibit it. In the following two chapters I propose a model of “inheritance by conquest”: that spoils are earned through successful acts of virtus and can thereafter be deployed as handles by which to manipulate the identity of their original owners. In order to demonstrate this model at work, I trace several case studies that highlight the role of spoils as symbolic capital in the context of aristocratic competition, as well as the transformation of two spoils traditions (the laurel-wreath and the spolia opima) during the transition from Republic to Empire. Finally, I look to related phenomena, including headhunting and other human trophy collecting, relic culture, and architectural spolia, to help illuminate the dual nature of spoils as both proofs and remembrances of victory and victim.
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22

Clo, Magdeleine. "Les objets dans le roman grec." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL024.

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La lecture de cinq romans grecs conservés, les histoires d'amour et d'aventures qui forment un corpus romanesque homogène (Leucippé et Clitophon d'Achille Tatius, Chéréas et Callirhoé de Chariton, Les Éthiopiques d'Héliodore, Daphnis et Chloé de Longus et Les Éphésiaques de Xénophon d'Éphèse), ne laisse pas présager de l'abondance des objets matériels que l'on peut y trouver. Nous répertorions exactement 710 termes qui désignent 426 objets différents, apparaissant à 4752 reprises dans l'ensemble des œuvres. Nous pouvons organiser ces objets et occurrences dans onze catégories fonctionnelles, qui sont plus ou moins représentées dans les romans : les biens et avoirs, les ustensiles, les armes, le mobilier, les vêtements, les accessoires, les soins corporels, les objets de la scène, les supports de l'écrit, les objets décoratifs et la vaisselle. Cette organisation permet de mieux appréhender l'ensemble des objets du corpus pour révéler l'utilisation littéraire que peuvent en faire les auteurs. En effet, l'objet accompagne avant tout le personnage au cours des péripéties : il est son attribut, l'élément qui permet de l'identifier sans doute possible dans le récit. L'objet donne des informations au lecteur sur l'histoire de ce personnage : témoin des événements qui ont marqué sa vie, il devient alors emblématique de l'individu. Cette relation est resserrée dans le cas des objets de reconnaissance dont font mention les romans de notre corpus. L'objet est signifiant lorsqu'il accompagne les protagonistes et ces derniers peuvent les utiliser pour indiquer leurs intentions ou essayer de les dissimuler. Les personnages tirent profit de l'objet pour le mettre en scène. L'objet leur est un adjuvant essentiel au cours des intrigues. L'objet fait pleinement partie du décor romanesque car il est un élément matériel qui peut être un repère spatial pour les personnages des romans comme pour le lecteur. L'objet, attaché à un lieu, donne également des indications symboliques aux personnages, les aiguillant dans leur voyage dans l'espace méditerranéen. Par conséquent, ces objets peuvent aussi être des obstacles à cette progression. L'objet est un opposant aux personnages, ce qui nourrit les intrigues romanesques. Parmi tous ces objets marqués par l'ambiguïté, le pharmakon se distingue par sa double fonction, déjà présente dans le mot grec, d'adjuvant et d'opposant. Les objets ne sont pas de simples éléments de décor, ils participent pleinement à l'action, au même titre que les personnages. L'objet, lorsqu'il est mentionné, n'est donc jamais anodin. Il peut également être emblématique de la relation entretenue par deux individus : l'objet est le support des relations, et devient symbolique de celles-ci. Effectivement, dans l'objet se cristallisent les sentiments des protagonistes, et l'objet permet leur union, métaphorique, à distance. De nombreux types d'objets participent de cette mise en relation des personnages : les coupes lors des banquets, les lettres échangées, les cadeaux offerts. L'objet est le signe de la relation elle-même. L'objet peut aussi être décoratif et orne dès lors le récit, lorsque les auteurs le mettent en avant dans de longues descriptions, notamment dans de longues ekphraseis qui enrichissent les textes. L'objet n'apparaît parfois pas pour les personnages des romans, néanmoins, il est bien utilisé par les auteurs, notamment pour concrétiser des expressions abstraites : de nombreuses comparaisons et métaphores mentionnent des objets, ce qui « matérialise » le texte. D'ailleurs, c'est dans les discours des personnages que l'objet occupe une place symbolique. Le symbole confère au texte une dimension interprétative qui enrichit encore la lecture des intrigues romanesques. Le discours symbolique éclaire le système des représentations.Ainsi l'objet, support du discours, est capital pour les œuvres romanesques car il permet au texte littéraire de se déployer dans toutes ses dimensions
The five ideal Greek novels, nearly complete (Achilles Tatius' Leucippe and Clitophon, Chariton's Callirhoe, Heliodorus' Aethiopics, Longus' Daphnis and Chloe and Xenophon of Ephesus' An Ephesian Tale) constitute a genre that can fruitfully be studied as a unit. In these novels, the abundance of concrete objects is staggering. 426 distinct objects are described with 710 various lexemes and this group of words occurs 4752 times throughout the corpus under consideration. To organize and better understand the function of these objects and the language used to describe them, they can be meaningfully placed into eleven functional categories: property and assets, utensils, weapons, furniture, clothing, accessories, objects related to personal care, stage props, writing tools, decorative objects, and finally dishes. This organization allows the reader to have a better view of all the objects and enlightens each author's literary uses of them. Indeed, objects accompany characters throughout these narratives, can function as an attribute, that is the object that identifies them without any doubt. An object provides the reader with pertinent information about a character's personal history, since the object witnesses the events that have marked his or her life. The object becomes emblematic of the individuals. In the case of objects of recognition throughout corpus, the relationship between the identity of a character and his or her objects is even tighter. The object is significant when accompanying the protagonists, who can also use them to indicate their intentions or in turn try to hide them. The characters benefit from the object when used to manipulate a narrative situation. They often play the role of an essential tool without which the narrative could not progress. The object is an integral part of the scenery in that it is a material thing that embodies a spatial reference for characters as well as readers. This aspect of an object can work on both an intra- and extra-textual level providing characters within a novel or the work's readers with fundamental information. Imbued with spatial significance, an object can provide an impediment to a character's journey or, even more strongly, pose as an opponent that complicates a given plot's forward movement. Among the objects marked by this ambiguity of helping or hindering narrative, the pharmakon plays a distinguished role serving either as a poison or medicine. Accordingly, objects cannot be thought of as merely decorative elements in the novel, rather they must be thought of as things intimately involved in the action itself. The object, when mentioned, is never insignificant. Alongside its function as an agent, an object can also serve as a symbol for a relationship between individual characters. Indeed, the feelings of the protagonists crystallize themselves in the object, and the object allows for their metaphorical union, even when separated by distance. Many types of objects put the characters into a relationship: banqueters' cups, letters, and gifts all have these sorts of functions. In these instances, an object becomes a sign of a relationship itself. The object can also be a decorative ornament in the scenery but also of the text itself, when authors feature them in long descriptions, for instance in long ekphraseis that enrich the text. Objects, however, are not always a visible aspect of the scenery, but can serve as metaphors or illustrations for abstract concepts. Not only do the novelists use objects in this way to explicate an idea for the reader, but characters do so as well in their speeches. The symbol gives the text a dimension of significance that enriches more and more the reading of the romantic plots. The symbolic system highlights the cultural representations. In a word, the object is far from secondary or subsidiary, but is fundamental to these fictions, since it allows the novel to develop and flourish in all of its dimensions
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McNulty, Arbory Elizabeth. "Industrial minerals in antiquity : Melos in the Classical and Roman periods." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342053.

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24

Pierucci, Antone R. E. "Death in Roman Marche, Italy| A comparative study of burial rituals." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10180880.

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Morgan, Teresa J. "Frames of mind : literate education in the Hellenistic and Roman worlds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273037.

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Gleason, Kathryn Louise. "Towards an archaeology of landscape architecture in the ancient Roman world." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359735.

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27

Ray, Nicholas Martin. "Household consumption in ancient economies : Pompeii and the wider Roman world." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8465.

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This thesis draws upon modern consumption theory to provide an interpretive research framework for examining material culture and consumer behaviour in the Roman world. This approach is applied to data from twelve Pompeian households to identify patterns of consumption, materiality, and motivations for the acquisition of commodities. Analysis of the assemblage data is performed at multiple levels comprising weighted ranking of goods and the application of Correspondence Analysis, with investigation performed on both functional categories and artefact types. Setting the results against theories of consumption and rationality, consumer choice in the ancient world is examined. From this detailed examination of twelve Pompeian houses, ‘core’ and ‘fringe’ commodities and recurring suites of goods are identified. Non-luxury goods are given particular attention as they provide information concerning the consumption of everyday utility objects. This approach also allows the evaluation of statements about the state of occupation of houses in sites such as Pompeii. The results validate this form of analysis as an important tool for assessing the role of the consumer in economies of the ancient world, moving beyond concepts of conspicuous consumption and group values. This research provides a structured interpretive framework upon which varied archaeological data can be superimposed to interrogate the motivations behind commodity acquisition. This research also raises the potential for future consumption modelling using multivariate statistics. Through the application of consumer theory to Roman data, discussion of ancient economies is shifted away from a focus on production to one of demand, choice, and sites of consumption.
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28

Growcott, Jennifer. "Pirro Ligorio and the Renaissance rediscovery of the Ancient Roman Villa." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502494.

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Pirro Ligorio (c.1513-1583) was one of the great antiquarians of the Italian Cinquecento. The aim of this dissertations to determine the extent of his understanding of the ancient Roman villa and in particular what he gleaned from the surviving remains which were largely ignored by other architect antiquarians. He left much material that can be used to answer this question, namely his alphabetical encyclopaedia (18 volumes in Turin) but also his reconstructed plans of the ancient Roman villas (in particular the Villa Salviana and the 'Villa of Augustus') and his Anteiquae Urbis Imago published in 1561. The thesis considers what Ligorio said about the ancient Roman villa in his writings. In addition it identifies the trends in Ligorio's representations of the ancient Roman villa by investigating how the ancient villa was represented in his drawings and the eight villas imaginatively reconstructed on the 1561 map. It shows that Ligorio's interests in the villa were only in part architectural. An analysis of the Turin encyclopaedia reveals that he is more interested in the estate and in identifying the owners. The analysis of the drawings and maps show that Ligorio had a greater understanding of ancient Roman villa architecture than earlier architects. He realized that the ancient villas were not as symmetrical in their planning and elevations as many architects believed. He also, it would appear, understood much about the villa complex realising, for example, that mausolea were often part of the villa compound.
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29

Foxall, Lin. "Olive cultivation within Greek and Roman agriculture : the ancient economy revisited." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236522.

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30

Merry, David. "Ancient Greek and Roman Methods of Inquiry into the (Human) Good." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21535.

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In dieser Dissertation schlage ich eine neue Erklärung dafür vor, warum es in der antiken Philosophie eine tiefe Meinungsverschiedenheit in Bezug auf das menschliche Gute gab. Die Erklärung lautet, dass verschiedene Autoren verschiedene Auffassungen über die Kontexte und die Ziele von Argumenten über das menschliche Gute vertraten. Daraus ergab sich, dass sie nicht dieselben Argumente als gültig anerkannten und daher verschiedene Theorien über das Gute als plausibel erachteten. Die Texte, mit denen sich in erster Reihe beschäftigt wird, sind: Platons Gorgias und Philebos; Aristoteles’ Topik und Nikomachische Ethik, Senecas Epistulae Morales 82, 83, 87 und 120; Epikurs Brief an Menoikeus, Lukrez’ De Rerum Natura, Sextus’ Grundzüge der pyrrhonischen Skepsis.
In this dissertation, I suggest a new explanation for disagreement about the human good (I.e what makes a human life good) in ancient philosophy: namely, that differing understandings of argumentation contexts and goals shaped selection of argument schemes, which in turn influenced which theories of the good seemed plausible. The texts I primarily deal with are connections between Plato’s Gorgias and the Philebus, Aristotle’s Topics and the Nicomachean Ethics, Seneca’s EM 82, 83, 87 and 120, Epicurus’ Letter to Menoeceus and Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura, and Sextus’ Outlines of Skepticism.
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31

Yirga, Felege-Selam Solomon. "The Chronicle of John of Nikiu: Historical Writing in Post-Roman Egypt." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594681955418996.

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32

Ploeg, Ghislaine E. van der. "The impact of the Roman Empire on the cult of Asclepius." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79956/.

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Asclepius was worshipped in over 900 sanctuaries across the Graeco-Roman world. Although the cult had been disseminated across eastern Mediterranean from the 5th century onwards, it was only when the Romans took over the cult that it was dispersed all over the empire to become an empire-wide cult. This thesis looks at the impact of the Roman Empire on the cult, examining how Rome took over the existing cult, the ways in which Rome influenced it, and the relationship between the religion of Empire and local religion. The key questions that this thesis aims to ask are: How did the Roman Empire impact upon the cult of Asclepius? How were global and regional cult identities articulated in response to each other as a result of this impact? How did increased connectivity between areas play an important part in the creation and stimulation of cultic identities? Did Asclepius’ spheres of influence grow or adapt as a result of Roman benefactions? and What were provincial responses to Roman worship and dissemination of the cult? The timeframe for this thesis will be from 27 BC until Severus Alexander’s death in AD 235. Chapter One will introduce the scope of this thesis as well as the general theories which underpin this research. A survey of the cult before the Augustan period will be presented in Chapter Two. Further chapters will each examine a different aspect of the Roman impact on the cult, with the third focussing on imperial influences and the worship of the god by Roman and provincial elites; the fourth on how the Roman army influenced the cult; the fifth how multiple forms of the god were worshipped side-by-side in North Africa.
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33

Shannon, Avram Richard. "Other Peoples' Rituals: Tannaitic Portrayals of Graeco-Roman Ritual." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429830562.

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34

Adamo, Mario. "Sedes et rura : landownership and the Roman peasantry in the Late Republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ebb3b79-9299-467c-ae10-8b700c24b8ef.

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This thesis reconsiders the cultural and economic relevance of landownership for the Roman republican peasants. In the Introduction, I define direct agricultural producers (hereafter 'peasants') as the object of my investigation. In Chapter 1, I argue that throughout the republic peasants owned little or no land, and private landholdings had a marginal role in peasants' production strategies. The frequent land schemes did not make the distribution of property more egalitarian, because they were not designed for that purpose, and due to their poverty peasants were unable to maintain control of the allotments. In Chapter 2, I explain that in ancient literature peasants were idealized as symbols of complete independence and self-sufficiency, and in political reflection they were considered the most perfect citizens. In accordance with the widespread view that Roman power had peaked and was now declining, already by the time of Fabius Pictor early and middle republican Rome was idealized as a society of peasants, whose supposed decline was threatening the republic. I conclude that in the Gracchan period peasants' discontent may have been a consequence of growing inequality, rather than utter impoverishment. In Chapter 3, I argue that in order to understand whether the free peasantry was actually declining we should consider variations in peasants' opportunities for dependent labour on the one hand, marketing on the other. Therefore, I reconsider the available data on the demography of Roman Italy and on commercial agriculture. I conclude that, while peasants could profit from increased access to markets, there is no conclusive evidence that competition for labour grew. In Chapter 4 I explain that the late republican peasants were perfectly aware that land had an economic value, and were even able to carry out evaluations. I suggest that this was a consequence of census procedures.
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35

Swidzinski, Andrew. "Some minor magistrates of the Roman Republic: a political history of the quaestorship and the aedileship." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86897.

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This work deals with the evolution of the magistracies of quaestor and aedile in the Roman Republic (509-49 BC). The treatment of the subject is based primarily upon an analysis of the importance of these magistracies within the political realm and within the context of the political career of the individual aristocrat on the path of the cursus honorum. Firstly, the origins and the development of these magistracies during the first centuries of the Republic are discussed. Secondly, it turns to a discussion of the political role of the magistracies; the office of quaestor allowed its occupants to acquire important administrative experience and establish ties with the most important members of the Roman aristocracy. The post of aedile permitted its occupants to obtain the support of the electorate with the holding of games and spectacles, an advantage that was limited by the Senate with unexpected and perverse effects. Both magistracies contributed significantly to the administrative development of the city of Rome and its Empire, but most of all to the process of aristocratic competition which first defined it as a political community before weakening it critically.
Cet ouvrage traite de l'évolution des magistratures de questeur et d'édile dans la République Romaine (509 à 49 avant J.C.). Le traitement du sujet est axé surtout sur une analyse de l'importance de ces magistratures sur le plan politique et dans le contexte de la carrière politique de l'aristocrate romain individuel sur la piste du cursus honorum. En premier lieu, les origines et le développement de ces magistratures durant les premiers siècles de la République sont discutés. Ensuite, il est question du rôle politique des magistratures; le poste de questeur a permis à ceux qui l'ont occupé d'acquérir une importante expérience administrative et de tisser des liens avec les membres les plus importants de l'aristocratie Romaine. Le poste d'édile a permis à ceux qui l'ont occupé d'obtenir l'appui de l'électorat avec la tenue de jeux et spectacles, un avantage qui fut limité par le Sénat avec des effets inattendus et pervers. Les deux magistratures ont contribué significativement au développent administratif de la ville de Rome et de son Empire, mais surtout à la concurrence aristocratique qui l'a défini comme communauté politique avant de l'affaiblir.
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36

Bruun, Christer. "The water supply of Ancient Rome : a study of Roman imperial administration /." Helsinki : The Finnish society of sciences and letters, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355609599.

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37

Parkin, Anneliese Ruth. "Poverty in the early Roman Empire : ancient and modern conceptions and constructs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251804.

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38

DeWitt, Helen Marsh. "Quo virtus? : the concept of propriety in ancient literary criticism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8001826b-03c5-4a37-a2e2-8f7966f5f375.

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The standard of propriety is frequently appealed to in ancient literary discourse, most notably in discussions of poetics, criticism of literary works and precepts for composition. Its importance derives from the audience orientation of most ancient discussions of literature: writers were interested in the ways various forms of speech and writing had to be accommodated to their audience in order to achieve particular effects. Discussion of the representation of character, for instance, explored the ways that fictional persons or oratorical speakers could be made moving and convincing: they must conform to common preconceptions about the behviour and language suitable to their rank, sex, age, nationality, education. This raises important questions about the concept of propriety. First, is it coherent? It seems to depend heavily on the assumption that audiences are homogeneous; in practice, however, ancient writers recognise wide disparities in readers and spectators, and are often ready to accuse certain types of audience of bad taste. The concept is thus embroiled in the general aesthetic problem of the nature of taste: can criteria for artistic excellence be found which are independent of what people happen to like, and which can therefore justify claims about what they should like? Second, where does use of the concept place ancient literary discussion in relation to various forms of modern literary theory and criticism? A large number of modern movements have held it as axiomatic that the excellence of art lies in defeating the preconceptions of the audience; does ancient criticism have any defence against such a position? Both of these points touch on further issues: the place of literature and oratory in Greek and Roman societies, and the connection between literary discourse and other types of intellectual activity, most notably philosophy (propriety is equally important in most ancient moral philosophy). I consider these points in connection with major poetic genres, rhetoric, and the question of linguistic purity.
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39

Nickerson, Erika Lawren. "The Measure of All Things: Natural Hierarchy in Roman Republican Thought." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467310.

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This work explores how writers of the late Roman Republic use the concept of nature rhetorically, in order to talk about and either reinforce or challenge social inequality. Comparisons between humans and animals receive special attention, since writers of that time often equate social status with natural status by assimilating certain classes of person to certain classes of animal. It is the aim of this study to clarify the ideology which supported the conflation of natural and social hierarchy, by explicating the role that nature was thought to play in creating and maintaining the inequality both between man and man, and between man and animal. In investigating this issue, this study also addresses the question of whether the Romans took a teleological view of human society, as they did of nature, and ultimately concludes that they did not. It proposes, rather, that the conceptual mechanism which naturalized social inequality, and which drove the assimilation of human to animal, was the belief that there is one, natural measure of worth and status for all creatures: utility to the human community. Chapter 1 identifies some pertinent beliefs, commonly found in Republican texts, about nature, animals, humans, and the relationship of all three to each other. Chapter 2 considers whether these beliefs have a philosophical provenance, by discussing Aristotle’s theory of natural slavery and Stoic views on the institution of slavery, and their possible relation to the ideas expressed in Roman sources. Chapter 3 returns to Republican texts, including popular oratory, and examines comparisons between domestic animals and humans in the treatment of slavery and wage-earning. Chapter 4 examines comparisons between wild animals and humans in discussions about violence and primitive peoples, and in political invective.
Classics
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40

Sarefield, Daniel Christopher. "Burning knowledge : studies of bookburning in ancient Rome /." Download pdf, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092663236.

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41

VanDerPuy, Peter Joel. ""Uis Ingens Aeris Alieni": Agriculture and Debt in the Early Roman Republic, c. 450-287 BC." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149243759177081.

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42

Dowsing, Susan. "Contraception and abortion in the early Roman Empire, a critical examination of ancient sources and modern interpretations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57109.pdf.

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43

COTE, JASON M. "THEODOSIUS AND THE GOTHS: THE LIMITS OF ROMAN POWER." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1078427793.

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44

Cameron, Myles Allen. "From Rome to the Periphery| Rethinking Identity in the Metropoles of Roman Egypt." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1601747.

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Prior to the addition of Egypt to the imperial state of Rome, the presence and influence of Roman culture in Egypt was not as strong as it was in other regions surrounding the Mediterranean. Under Augustus’ rule, Egypt was added to Rome’s growing empire and the grain which grew so very well along the Nile began to flow out of Egypt towards Rome. Egyptian cities such as Alexandria became entrepots for Rome where trade was centered. This addition to the empire provided larger and different markets of exchange which enabled goods and ideas to be transferred within the cities of Egypt. These goods and ideas permeated the centers of exchange and their surrounding regions. As the influence of Rome grew within the metropoles of Egypt during its imperial reign, the lines which previously categorized and defined the boundaries of ethnicity and identity in the region began to blur.

In the wake of decolonization, historians have postulated that identity has become less of an absolute within modern empires. Recently there has been an increase of scholarship surrounding the phenomenon of identity in the ancient world, specifically looking at identity within imperial political systems. This work will utilize some aspects of modern imperial theory to attempt to show that identity within Rome’s empire was in many ways similar to more modern imperial states. I will be using a variety of primary sources to supplement the secondary academic work I will also utilize. Specifically I will be looking at Imperial decrees, coins, papyrus documents (personal letters, receipts, legal documents, and army discharges), inscriptions, material culture, public spaces, and recent archaeology (funeral arrangements and Roman Mummies). Through looking at and analyzing these primary sources I will attempt to show how identity formation in Roman Egypt was blurred and not set by clear distinctions. The use of multiple differing primary sources and modern imperial theories have not, to my understanding, be attempted thus far. Nor has my claim been argued, that while there was a Romanization of those in Egypt, there was also a slight Egyptianzation of those Romans living in Egypt.

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45

Flemming, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Woman as an object of medical knowledge in the Roman Empire, from Celsus to Galen." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268302.

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46

Mager, Sibylle. "The debate over the revival of ancient church music in Victorian England." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368613.

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47

Wibier, Matthijs H. "Interpretandi scientia : an intellectual history of Roman jurisprudence in the early Empire." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6368.

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This thesis proposes a new model of situating Roman jurisprudence in the intellectual world of the Early Empire. Moving away from the traditional question as to the relationship between law and philosophy, I take a wider view by approaching the jurists as (in their own words) engaging in legal interpretation, and I compare and contrast them with other ancient scholars involved in interpretation: philosophers, medical readers of Hippocrates, grammarians, etc. Chapter 1 studies ancient intellectuals' claiming and constructing expert authority for their learning. Jurists are well-versed in the topoi developed in Hellenistic scholarship/science; they are thus fully embedded in (rather than: isolated from) the wider intellectual landscape. Situating Pomponius' history of jurisprudence in its literary as well as socio-political contexts, I argue in chapter 2 that the text constructs a history of jurisprudence that suggests that jurists were crucial to the rise of Rome. Chapter 3 studies Gaius' interpretative practices through his engagement with older legal texts within the exegetical culture of the second century. Gaius shares with philosophers and medical doctors an interest in mining wisdom from old texts, but he also emphasises the progress made within the legal tradition ever since. Chapter 4 focuses on collecting legal knowledge. I argue that the spread of a common structure of law books signals that law was a well-integrated “discipline”. Chapter 5 studies juristic engagement with expert knowledge from outside the legal tradition. I argue that jurists' explicit engagement with philosophical concepts does not entail commitments to larger pieces of philosophical doctrine. Chapter 6 analyses the development of legal doctrine about causation and liability in the context of the lex Aquilia. I argue that juristic debates and interpretations are largely shaped and constrained by the legal (Aquilian) tradition, although jurists are to some extent open to intellectual debates and social values.
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48

Yildirim, Mehmet Salih. "Experiencing The Ancient Theatre: A Perspective On Interpreting The Ancient Greek And Roman Theatre Through Reflections From The Space Of The Performer." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615367/index.pdf.

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This thesis, in the very broad sense, evaluates the perception of an architectural structure through its history. It examines the &lsquo
theatre&rsquo
as the building and selects &lsquo
ancient Greece and Rome&rsquo
(mainly fourth century B.C. to second century A.D. which can be depicted as the golden age of the ancient theatre) as the period. It posits that the study of theatre requires more than formal data, hence, it employs a multidisciplinary approach, and combines the author&rsquo
s personal experience on the theatre. The study believes that the subject-focused nature of available works is insufficient for the study of theatre, as they employ only a certain aspect of this structure. This thesis tries to examine the complete experience of the theatre for the people who were exposed to it
and present it, in a more relatable way, for the future researchers, theatre professionals and educated enthusiasts as an intermediate level source, where the need arises to increase the perception of theatre as a whole concept, so that its interpretation can be more complete.
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49

Friedl, Andrew Joseph 1963. "Land use in ancient Italy: Agriculture, colonization and veteran settlement, and the Roman villa." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291874.

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This paper is intended as a survey of the major points in the debate over land use in Roman Italy in the Late Republic and Early Empire. The transition from Rome the agricultural backwater to Rome the international power created a series of social, political, economic, and demographic changes in Italy, further sparking a series of struggles over land use that brought down the Republic and defined the policies and problems of the Empire. Was the Italian peasant displaced from the land for the benefit of the latifundia and the wealthy, or did he prosper in the countryside along-side the large estates? What is the nature of the evidence? Recent archaeological evidence has suggested new answers to these questions, and new processual models have been proposed based on that evidence. This study will address and evaluate both the literary-historical and archaeological arguments.
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50

Hopkins, Lloyd David Charles. "Fleets and manpower on land and sea : the Italian "classes" and the Roman Empire 31 BC - AD 193." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29293574-956c-4cb9-b0fd-897dfcccb79f.

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This thesis re-evaluates the nature and roles of the Italian classes (fleets) of the Roman empire between 31 BC and AD 193. Studied through the prism of naval history, the classes have been portrayed either as ineffective forces left to decay, or maritime institutions supporting military logistics. By starting from the position that the classes cannot easily be compared to other fleets, I argue that they should be regarded as a flexible manpower pool, placed in the same broad category as other soldiers in the Roman empire, who were drawn upon to perform a range of tasks on land and sea to the benefit of the Emperor, and who were integrated into systems supporting the functioning of the empire, which I term imperial organics. Chapter One discusses primarily epigraphic evidence for the classis servicemen, to argue that they considered themselves and were considered as milites who were trained to row, and who could be given tasks suitable to their abilities and places of deployment. Chapter Two, building on earlier discussion of the origins of the servicemen, examines second century AD papyrological evidence for recruitment from the Egpytian Fayoum. It posits recruitment systems which relied on several elements outside the control of Roman authorities, but which nonetheless ensured that the Italian classes were a well supplied manpower pool, perhaps because they did not rely on the so-called gens de mer. Chapter Three re-examines the main “naval bases” of the classes at Misenum and Ravenna, arguing that rather than purely military ports they should be understood as sites concentrating imperial resources to aid imperial activity in regions where concentrations of imperial property are attested. Drawing on arguments in the previous chapters, Chapter Four considers three case-studies for the functions of the Italian classes: their role in Roman military mobilisation and redeployment systems, their involvement in imperial communications, and their possible place in a coastal system on the western coast of Italy suggestive of imperial authority and benefaction. In all three it seeks to present evidence for imperial organics, low-level systems, possibly engendered by imperial activity, but which could persist of their own accord and which were essential to the workings of empire.
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