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Journal articles on the topic 'Roman hindi'
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Rafique, Ayesha, Kamran Malik, Zubair Nawaz, Faisal Bukhari, and Akhtar Hussain Jalbani. "Sentiment Analysis for Roman Urdu." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1902.20.
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The majority of online comments/opinions are written in text-free format. Sentiment Analysis can be used as a measure to express the polarity (positive/negative) of comments/opinions. These comments/ opinions can be in different languages i.e. English, Urdu, Roman Urdu, Hindi, Arabic etc. Mostly, people have worked on the sentiment analysis of the English language. Very limited research work has been done in Urdu or Roman Urdu languages. Whereas, Hindi/Urdu is the third largest language in the world. In this paper, we focus on the sentiment analysis of comments/opinions in Roman Urdu. There is no publicly available Roman Urdu public opinion dataset. We prepare a dataset by taking comments/opinions of people in Roman Urdu from different websites. Three supervised machine learning algorithms namely NB (Naive Bayes), LRSGD (Logistic Regression with Stochastic Gradient Descent) and SVM (Support Vector Machine) have been applied on this dataset. From results of experiments, it can be concluded that SVM performs better than NB and LRSGD in terms of accuracy. In case of SVM, an accuracy of 87.22% is achieved.
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Dubey, Namrata, Naoko Witzel, and Jeffrey Witzel. "Script differences and masked translation priming: Evidence from Hindi-English bilinguals." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 11 (January 1, 2018): 2421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817743241.
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This study reports on two experiments investigating the effects of script differences on masked translation priming in highly proficient early Hindi-English bilinguals. In Experiment 1 (the cross-script experiment), L1 Hindi was presented in the standard Devanagari script, while L2 English was presented in the Roman alphabet. In Experiment 2 (the same-script experiment), both L1 Hindi and L2 English were presented in the Roman alphabet. Both experiments revealed translation priming in the L1-L2 direction. However, L2-L1 priming was obtained in the same-script experiment, but not in the cross-script experiment. These findings are discussed in relation to the orthographic cue hypothesis as well as hypotheses that hold that script differences influence the distance between the L1 and L2 in lexical space and/or cross-language lateral inhibition. We also provide alternative accounts for these results in terms of how orthographic cues provided by L1 targets might lead to the discontinuation or disruption of processing for L2 primes.
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Shekhar, Shashi, Dilip Kumar Sharma, and M. M. Sufyan Beg. "Hindi Roman Linguistic Framework for Retrieving Transliteration Variants using Bootstrapping." Procedia Computer Science 125 (2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.12.010.
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Шарма Брахма Дутта. "Vowel Phonemes in Hindi." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2018.5.2.bsh.
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An analysis of the present day Hindi, as spoken in the northern part of India, brings to light the fact that this language has at least twenty vowel phonemes, and not simply thirteen. Twelve of these twenty vowel phonemes are oral while eight of them are nasalized. Eighteen of them are pure vowels (monophthongs) while two of them are diphthongs. Two of the thirteen vowels included in the current list of alphabet have given place to two consonants with the result that they have ceased to exist. Most of these vowel phonemes occur in all the three positions, namely initial, medial and final, in the Hindi words.
References
Agnihotri, Rama Kant. (2007). Hindi: An Essential Grammar. London: Routledge.
Chatterjee, Suniti Kumar. (1942). Indo-Aryan and Hindi: Eight Lectures. Ahmedabad: Gujarat Vernacular Society. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.2478.
Duncan Forbes. (1846). A Grammar of the Hindustani Language in the Oriental and Roman Character, London: W. H. Allen & Co. Retrieved from: https://ia801408.us.archive.org/ 27/items/agrammarhindstn00forbgoog/agrammarhindstn00forbgoog.pdf.
Dwivedi, Kapildev. (2016). Bhasha Vigyan Evam Bhasha Shastra [Philology and Linguistics]. Varanasi: Vishvavidaya Prakashan.
Greaves, Edwin. (1921). Hindi Grammar. Allahabad: Indian Press.
Guru, Kamta Prasad. (2009 rpt. [1920]). Hindi Vyakaran [Grammar of Hindi]. New Delhi: Prakashan Sansthan.
Koul, Omkar N. (2008). Modern Hindi Grammar. Springfield: Dunwoody Press.
Pahwa, Thakardass. (1919). The Modern Hindustani Scholar; or, The Pucca Munshi. Jhalum: Printed at the Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta and published by the author.
Shakespear, John. (1845). An Introduction to the Hindustani Language. Comprising a Grammar, and a Vocabulary, English and Hindustani. London: Wm. H. Allen & Co. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi00shakrich.
Sharan, Ram Lochan. (1920). Hindi Vyakaran Chandrodaya [Chandrodaya Hindi Grammar]. Darbhanga: Hindi Pustak Bhandar.
Sharma, Aryendra. (1994). A Basic Grammar of Hindi. Delhi: Central Hindi Directorate.
Tiwari, Bhola Nath. (1958). Hindi Bhasha ka Saral Vyakaran [A Simple Grammar of Hindi]. Delhi: Rajkamal.
Tiwari, Uday Narayan. (2009). Hindi Bhasha ka Udgam aur Vikas [Origin and Development of Hindi Language]. Allahabad: Lok Bharati, 2009.
Tweedie, J. (1900). Hindustani as It Ought to be Spoken. London: W. Thacker. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/hindstniasitoug00tweegoog/page/n6.
Verma, Ram Chandra. (1961) Manak Hindi Vyakaran [Standard Grammar of Hindi]. Varanasi: The Chaukhambha Vidya Bhawan.
Sources
www.wikihow.com/Learn-Hindi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari
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Mehmood, Khawar, Daryl Essam, Kamran Shafi, and Muhammad Kamran Malik. "An unsupervised lexical normalization for Roman Hindi and Urdu sentiment analysis." Information Processing & Management 57, no. 6 (November 2020): 102368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2020.102368.
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Zeeshan Ansari, Mohd, Tanvir Ahmad, Mirza Mohd Sufyan Beg, and Faiyaz Ahmad. "Hindi to English transliteration using multilayer gated recurrent units." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i2.pp1083-1090.
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Transliteration is <span lang="EN-US">the task of translating text from source script to target script provided that the language of the text remains the same. In this work, we perform transliteration on less explored Devanagari to Roman Hindi transliteration and its back transliteration. The neural transliteration model in this work is based on a sequence-to-sequence neural network that is composed of two major components, an encoder that transforms source language words into a meaningful representation and the decoder that is responsible for decoding the target language words. We utilize gated recurrent units (GRU) to design the multilayer encoder and decoder network. Among the several models, the multilayer model shows the best performance in terms of coupon equivalent rate (CER) and word error rate (WER). The method generates quite satisfactory predictions in Hindi-English bilingual machine transliteration with WER of 64.8% and CER of 20.1% which is a significant improvement over existing methods.</span>
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Yasir, Muhammad, Li Chen, Amna Khatoon, Muhammad Amir Malik, and Fazeel Abid. "Mixed Script Identification Using Automated DNN Hyperparameter Optimization." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (December 10, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8415333.
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Mixed script identification is a hindrance for automated natural language processing systems. Mixing cursive scripts of different languages is a challenge because NLP methods like POS tagging and word sense disambiguation suffer from noisy text. This study tackles the challenge of mixed script identification for mixed-code dataset consisting of Roman Urdu, Hindi, Saraiki, Bengali, and English. The language identification model is trained using word vectorization and RNN variants. Moreover, through experimental investigation, different architectures are optimized for the task associated with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU). Experimentation achieved the highest accuracy of 90.17 for Bi-GRU, applying learned word class features along with embedding with GloVe. Moreover, this study addresses the issues related to multilingual environments, such as Roman words merged with English characters, generative spellings, and phonetic typing.
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Snell, Rupert. "A Hindi Poet from Allahabad: Translating Harivansh Rai Bachchan's Autobiography." Modern Asian Studies 34, no. 2 (April 2000): 425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00003516.
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The poet known to the Hindi literary world as ‘Bachchan’ was born as ‘Harivansh Rai’ in 1907 to an Allahabad Kāyasth family. His given name derived from a prescribed recitation of the Harivamśa Purāna that had broken his parents' much-lamented childlessness; the pandit's honorarium for the recitation was 1001 rupees, paid off in monthly instalments over the first ten years of the boy's childhood. The roman spelling of the name varies, the Sanskritic ‘Harivansh’ standing in contrast to the form ‘Harbans’ with which the author's Ph.D. thesis is signed. Such a distinction is not without significance, for underlying the author's cosmopolitan exterior lies an intimately provincial Allahabadi character more fully caught by the ‘Harbans’ spelling than its somehow sanitized, all-India tatsama equivalent. It is a feature that one longs in vain to recapture in English translation many a time, for example to resonate with the semi-tatsama phrase pūrab-pacchim, for ‘East and West’, so much more redolent of the vernacular scene than its Sanskritic parent pūrva-paścim. But in English, East is ‘East’ and West is ‘West’.
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Trivedi, Harish. "India, England, France: A (Post-) Colonial Translational Triangle." Traduction et post-colonialisme en Inde — Translation and Postcolonialism: India 42, no. 2 (September 30, 2002): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004510ar.
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Résumé En 1923, le célèbre romancier et nouvelliste indien Premchand faisait paraître sa traduction, en hindi, du roman d'Anatole France Thaïs - traduction très proche de l'original mais volontairement libérale par endroits. Le choix de cette œuvre constitue un geste politique délibéré. Traduire un texte ne faisant pas partie du répertoire de la puissance colonisatrice, c'était en quelque sorte chercher à libérer la littérature de sa tutelle. D'autres traducteurs allaient poursuivre dans cette voie, avant et après l'indépendance, dévoilant ainsi les horizons plus vastes d'un univers non colonial, non britannique en l'occurrence.
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Prabhakar, Dinesh Kumar, Sukomal Pal, and Chiranjeev Kumar. "Query Expansion for Tansliterated Text Retrieval." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 4 (January 7, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447649.
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With Web 2.0, there has been exponential growth in the number of Web users and the volume of Web content. Most of these users are not only consumers of the information but also generators of it. People express themselves here in colloquial languages, but using Roman script (transliteration). These texts are mostly informal and casual, and therefore seldom follow grammar rules. Also, there does not exist any prescribed set of spelling rules in transliterated text. This freedom leads to large-scale spelling variations, which is a major challenge in mixed script information processing. This article studies different existing phonetic algorithms to handle the issue of spelling variation, points out the limitations of them, and proposes a novel phonetic encoding approach with two different flavors in the light of Hindi transliteration. Experiments performed over Hindi song lyrics retrieval in mixed script domain with three different retrieval models show that proposed approaches outperform the existing techniques in a majority of the cases (sometimes statistically significantly) for a number of metrics like nDCG@1, nDCG@5, nDCG@10, MAP, MRR, and Recall.
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Kettunen, Harri. "NEW WORLD WORDS AND THINGS IN THE OLD WORLD: HOW THE AMERICAS CONQUERED THE WORLD." Contributions in New World Archaeology 14 (June 30, 2020): 97–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/cnwa.14.05.
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What would world cuisine be without New World ingredients? What would pizza be without tomatoes, oriental food without chili, and Spanish omelette or kluski śląskie without potatoes? How would vanilla ice cream taste without vanilla? And what would movie nights be without popcorn and life without chocolate? New World products have enriched the lives of people globally for the past half a millennium, but how did all this happen? How did chili travel to Asia? And why is turkey called turkey in English, hindi in Turkish, peru in Portuguese, and “Roman chicken” in Arabic? This article explores the ongoing conquest of the world by New World words and things, tracing their origins and travel routes, as well as the ever-changing nature of indigenous American loanwords in the languages of the world, including school children’s perceptions of these words: why is ocelot a “Minecraft cat,” an anorak a “fine jacket,” and a tomahaw a “tactical intercontinental missile”?
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Konch, Hemanta. "Nominal Inflection of the Tutsa Language." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 4 (February 28, 2021): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d8428.0210421.
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North-East is a hub of many ethnic languages. This region constitutes with eight major districts; like-Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and Sikkim. Tutsa is a minor tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. The Tutsa was migrated from the place ‘RangkhanSanchik’ of the South-East Asia through ‘Hakmen-Haksan’ way to Arunachal Pradesh. The Tutsa community is mainly inhabited in Tirap district and southern part of Changlang district and a few people are co-exists in Tinsukia district of Assam. The Tutsa language belongs to the Naga group of Sino-Tibetan language family. According to the Report of UNESCO, the Tutsa language is in endangered level and it included in the EGIDS Level 6B. The language has no written literature; songs, folk tales, stories are found in a colloquial form. They use Roman Script. Due to the influence of other languages it causes lack of sincerity for the use of their languages in a united form. Now-a-days the new generation is attracted for using English, Hindi and Assamese language. No study is found till now in a scientific way about the language. So, in this prospect the topic Nominal Inflection of the Tutsa Language has been selected for study. It will help to preserve the language and also help in making of dictionary, Grammar and language guide book.
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Al-Omoush, Ashraf, Norita Md Norwawi, and Ahmad Akmalludin Mazlan. "Handling Words Duplication and Memory Management for Digital Quran Based on Hexadecimal Representation and Sparse Matrix." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.15 (October 7, 2018): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15.25760.
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Al-Quran is the holy book of the Muslims and the most important scripture containing knowledge on many domains. The recent advent of smart technologies like smart phones, digital devices and tablets has connected the daily life routines under a single touch adopted by many, these new tools with an exponential growth. This paper presented a Digital Quran Model (DQM) using hexadecimal representation using Unicode Hexadecimal and UTF-8 for character encoding, which is backward compatible with ASCII code. DQM target to handle all duplicated words or verses in Al-Quran using sparse matrix with double offset indexing to handle memory optimization. Three approaches were discussed: indexing and representation of the digital Quran to optimize storage, organize verses structure using sparse matrix to handle repetition with double offset indexing to efficiently use the space. The algorithms were implemented using Visual studio and Java server and the solution quality was measured by the size of a file before and after applying DQM model. For surah Al-Baqarah, the longest chapter in the Al-Quran, the reduction of the storage size was 25.00% whereas surah Al-Fatihah was 47.89%. The proposed DQM model is able to optimize the memory space and can be extended to other non-Roman characters used for information retrieval such as Hindi, Chinese and Japanese that are categorized in unicode standards.
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D'Agostini, Adriana, and Mauro Titton. "POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES PARA EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO: LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES." Germinal: Marxismo e Educação em Debate 6, no. 1 (December 10, 2014): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/gmed.v6i1.10218.
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P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm; direction: ltr; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }P.western { font-family: "Liberation Serif","Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; }P.cjk { font-family: "WenQuanYi Micro Hei"; font-size: 12pt; }P.ctl { font-family: "Lohit Hindi"; font-size: 12pt; }A:link { } <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; background: transparent; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0.35cm;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: gargi;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Este artigo pretende tratar de forma crítica a política de formação de professores para o campo. Duas dimensões serão trabalhadas: a das possibilidades pedagógicas que se apresentam para formação de professores e a dos limites e <span style="background: transparent;">o aprisionamento</span> destas possibilidades nas políticas públicas para a educação do campo. Avalia-se que a atual política de formação de professores está pautada na aceleração, flexibilização e barateamento da formação profissional, repercutindo nas possibilidades de qualificação do trabalho docente, especialmente nas escolas do campo.</span></span></p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; background: transparent; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: gargi;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><em>Palavras-chave:</em> Formação de professores, políticas públicas, educação do campo.</span></span></p>
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Timalsina, Dhurba Prasad. "Techniques Adopted in Literary Translation of Prose: A Study of “Palpasa Café” from the Perspective of Equivalence Relation." Southwestern Research Journal 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/srj.v1i1.62262.
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Purpose: This study aims to see the ‘equivalence relation’ between the source text and the target text in relation to ‘paragraph equivalence’ while translating a prose text from the source language into target language.
Methodology: The methodology of this study is document analysis. The texts are translated from Nepali into English. Nepali language is known as source language and English language is known as target language in this study. The words and sentences are counted and the difference is found in terms of percentage of the selected paragraphs; Nepali as source language and English as the target language.
Originality: This study maintains originality as a text of translation requires originality in the field of syntactic, semantic, stylistic and pragmatic aspects.
Practical Implications: This study has practical value because the work of translation transfers languages, among people as well as culture and civilization. In reality, translation has played such type of role that people have the idea of knowledge and civilization through translation.
Limitations: This research work is limited to the technique of translation from Nepali into English to show equivalence relation. The texts used are from the Narayan Wagle’s novel, “Palpasa Café” originally written into Nepali language and its translation into English language by ……?
Findings: The findings of this study show that translation techniques are main sources of education from time immemorial. The ancient Vedic, Greek and Roman civilization, which are as sources of knowledge and education, have spread from place to place through the work of translation, if it had not been so, people would remain in their primitive situation in the field of knowledge. We would not read about Homer, Plato, Kalidas and many other writers today if their works were not translated from their source / native languages into other languages such as English/ Nepali/ Hindi. However, there is no exact one-to-one limitation while translating a text from its source language to another target language.
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Janeczek, M., A. Chroszcz, Z. Miklikova, and M. Fabis. "The pathological changes in the hind limb of a horse from the Roman Period." Veterinární Medicína 55, No. 7 (August 17, 2010): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2928-vetmed.
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During the archaeological excavation of a multicultural settlement at the Nitra-Chrenova site (south-western Slovakia) an assemblage of animal bone remains was revealed. In one of the settlement features dated to the Roman period a complete horse skeleton was discovered. An investigation was carried out in the hind limb of the horse's skeleton involving macroscopic and radiographic analysis. Exostoses were observed on the tibia, talus, calcaneus, tarsal and metatarsal bones. The articular surfaces were destroyed. The anatomical structure of the talus, calcaneus and tarsal bones was not visible due to new bone formation. Additionally, osteomyelitis was observed in the talus, calcaneus and tarsal bones. It is suggested that the pathological changes developed during the septic inflammation process as a consequence of the complicated wound of the tarsal region or the tarsal joint perforating trauma.
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Beltramini, Enrico. "Roman Catholic Streams of Hindu-Christian Dialogue." Exchange 47, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341497.
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Abstract This article presents an intellectual analysis of different streams of Hindu-Christian dialogue. The focus is on a group of Western Catholic clergymen who relocated to India, specifically from 1939-55, to establish an advanced form of interreligious encounter with Hinduism. The article focuses on the difference among these priests’ and monks’ distinct interpretations of the interfaith dialogue rather than the general goals behind their engagement with India. In the light of Dominus Jesus, their distinct interpretations, rather than their convergent motivations, deserve detailed consideration.
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Shokhin, Vladimir. "Hindu and Classical Ancient virtues in a comparative perspective." St. Tikhons' University Review 105 (February 28, 2023): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturi2023105.49-68.
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The author claims that Graeco-Roman, Hindu and Chinese catalogues of virtues have much more common with each other than what is permitted by contemporary agnosticism in cultural studies which has only the appearance of wisdom. As to the differences, they are connected with the soteriological intention behind the Hindu catalogues while the Greek (before Neoplatonism) and Chinese ones label the development of secular personal dignity and social responsibility. The author does not conceal his preferences as well while asserting that the quadrangle of cardinal virtues as developed in Platonism had evident advantages in consistency over its Aristotelean restructuring via the division of virtues into intellectual and moral ones. He also is sure that this quadrangle was immensely improved in its Latin version by Cicero and Apuleius by means of narrowing the “multi-seated” Greek concept of sophrosyne up to “single-seated” temperantia. The initial Christian receptions of Graeco-Roman cardinal virtues are also estimated, and an alternative of their inbuilding into one of three human vocations in accordance with three Jesus Christ’s ministries is offertd. The author claims that Graeco-Roman, Hindu and Chinese catalogues of virtues have much more common with each other than what is permitted by contemporary agnosticism in cultural studies which has only the appearance of wisdom. As to the differences, they are connected with the soteriological intention behind the Hindu catalogues while the Greek (before Neoplatonism) and Chinese ones label the development of secular personal dignity and social responsibility. The author does not conceal his preferences as well while asserting that the quadrangle of cardinal virtues as developed in Platonism had evident advantages in consistency over its Aristotelean restructuring via the division of virtues into intellectual and moral ones. He also is sure that this quadrangle was immensely improved in its Latin version by Cicero and Apuleius by means of narrowing the “multi-seated” Greek concept of sophrosyne up to “single-seated” temperantia. The initial Christian receptions of Graeco-Roman cardinal virtues are also estimated, and an alternative of their inbuilding into one of three human vocations in accordance with three Jesus Christ’s ministries is offertd.
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Atikurrahman, Moh, Awla Akbar Ilma, Laga Adhi Dharma, Audita Rissa Affanda, Istanti Ajizah, and Risyatul Firdaus. "Sejarah Pemberontakan dalam Tiga Bab: Modernitas, Belasting, dan Kolonialisme dalam Sitti Nurbaya." SULUK: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/suluk.2021.3.1.1-22.
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Meskipun Politik Etis menjanjikan modernitas Eropa yang mencerahkan namun ongkos dari kebijakan tersebut akhirnya juga dibebankan kepada pribumi yang notabene jarang merasakan dampak kolonialisme. Penerapan pajak perorangan (belasting) kemudian direspon masyarakat Hindia dengan pemberontakan. Dalam hal ini Perang Kamang (1908) dapat dipahami sebagai kesumat atas kebijakan simbolik pemerintah kolonial. Peristiwa pemberontakan berlatar Melayu pada peralihan abad XX tersebut tersaji dalam Sitti Nurbaya, sebuah roman yang bercorak melodrama sentimentil. Dengan memanfaatkan teori sosiologi sastra Swingewood diketahui roman modern pertama berbahasa Melayu Hindia tersebut menyajikan ketegangan antara manusia modern Samsulbahri dan manusia tradisional Datuk Meringgih. Duel mereka menandai goncangan yang tak terelakkan dalam dunia Melayu yang tengah menyongsong modernitas bikinan kolonial. Senjakala kebudayaan Melayu yang segera digantikan pranata Eropa digambarkan melalui ketegangan antargolongan dalam menempatkan adat Melayu konteks sosial-historis.
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Kaur, Amanpreet, Mohinder Singh, and Om Prakash Jasuja. "Interscript comparison of handwriting features leading to their identification and authorship." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 45 (December 29, 2017): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.45.3.
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Identification of handwriting found on the disputed document by comparison with the known handwriting samples of the suspect still comprise the problem which is most commonly referred to a forensic document examiner. One of the important scientifically established principles which govern such analysis and identification is the ‘Principle of Comparison’ which explicitly states that, for obtaining correct results, like has to be compared with like; meaning thereby that the expert has to analyze and rely upon similar letters and combinations between the questioned and the standard handwriting samples and, consequently, the problems where similar handwriting samples in the same script have not been provided for comparison; usually fall outside the scope of forensic document examination. However, in this field, like any other human activity; perfect and ideal conditions are hard to achieve. Handwriting, being acquired skill and neuro-muscular controlled motor activity, its basic elements like the horizontal stroke, vertical stroke, loops, curves and arches etc., are combined together to form letters and alphabets of all the scripts. The question then arises — whether inter-script comparison of handwriting samples can be attempted leading to some limited or qualified conclusions. Thus, if it becomes possible and practicable to examine and compare the basic elements of questioned handwriting in one script, say Devanagri with the similar elements found in specimen/ admitted handwriting samples in another script by the same writer, say Gurmukhi, because sample handwritings in Devanagri could not be procured for whatsoever reasons; the scope of examination can be widened further and expert may be in a position to express some opinion regarding their common authorship or otherwise, which may be found worthwhile to the investigating agency or the court of law, thereby helping in the administration of justice ultimately.To the best of our knowledge, not much research is available, where writings produced in different scripts by the same writer could be compared, thereby leading to a definite opinion on the issue of their common authorship or otherwise. In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore this issue by taking writing samples of the same writer in three scripts, having knowledge of all the three commonly used languages, i.e., English, Hindi, and Punjabi, corresponding to the said scripts i.e., Roman, Devanagari and Gurumukhi. Three hundred sixty 360 writing samples were obtained from as many as 40 individuals appropriately skilled in writing, reading and speaking these languages/ scripts. Careful study and evaluation of the basic elements of written strokes whose execution were found to be similar in all the three scripts has been carried out indicating the possibility of ‘Script Independent Comparison’. Limitations of the proposed study have also been discussed in the paper.
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Smagur, Emilia. ""Indianisation" of a Roman coin design in Early Historic India: a study of an imitation from the British Museum." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 31 (2022): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37343/uw.2083-537x.pam31.17.
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Roman aurei and solidi in India led to imitations of gold being produced there of these coins, with a gradual infiltration of indigenous elements observed in the iconography of some examples. An imitation of a Roman aureus, now in the British Museum collection, demonstrates how the Roman coin design was renegotiated to fit an Early Historic Indian cultural landscape. Specifically, the design of the reverse of this specimen finds no prototype in Roman coinage of the times. It must have been a local development, with the Indian craftsman reworking a representation of a female deity known from issues of the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius and adding a temple to it. The Indian form of the building suggests that the figure should be interpreted as a Hindu goddess, possibly Lakshmi, shown in the act of blessing her temple.
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Ulrich, Edward T. "Swami Abhishiktananda and Comparative Theology." Horizons 31, no. 1 (2004): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900001067.
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ABSTRACTSwami Abhishiktananda (Fr. Henri Le Saux, 1910–1973) was a French Benedictine who wrote a pioneering work in Hindu-Christian dialogue entitled Saccidānanda: A Christian Approach to Advaitic Experience. Therein he attempted an inclusivist integration of the theologies of Advaita Vedanta and Roman Catholicism. He later rejected aspects of Saccidānanda and argued that Advaita and Christianity are too different to be integrated in this manner. In place of Saccidānanda, Abhishiktananda developed two positions at the end of the 1960s which anticipated current Roman Catholic debates over the theology of religions. One was an experiential inclusivism which bears affinities with the pluralist position of Paul Knitter and others. The other was a “comparativist” position, similar to the one later developed by Francis Clooney and James Fredericks. This paper will examine how Abhishiktananda developed these various approaches to Hindu-Christian dialogue and the tensions between them.
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Dewi, Ni Putu Dian Utami. "PERMASALAHAN PENDIDIKAN PADA ASPEK ONTOLOGI, EPISTEMOLOGI DAN AKSIOLOGI DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN HINDU." Genta Hredaya: Media Informasi Ilmiah Jurusan Brahma Widya STAHN Mpu Kuturan Singaraja 6, no. 1 (July 27, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55115/gentahredaya.v6i1.2187.
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This paper discusses educational problems in the aspects of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Hindu education philosophy is the application of Hindu philosophical concepts into Hindu education problems which is found in the real teaching learning process. Vice versa, the implementation of education can also provide ideas/input for the improvement of the Hindu philosophical concepts. Those concepts and applications influence each other and work together to enhance each other. The problems of educational ontology in the study of Hindu educational philosophy covers the definition and nature of education and learning according to the Hindu perspective. Epistemological problems of education according to the study of Hindu education philosophy including philosophical problems (goals, curriculum and materials of Hindu education), actual problems (methods, educators and students in Hindu education), supporting problems (facilities, infrastructure and approaches of Hindu education). The problem of educational axiology in the study of Hindu educational philosophy concerns the philosophy of value. The intended value according to the study of Hindu religious education is the value of the usefulness/benefit of knowledge. Insightfully to those problems in the three pillars of philosophy, the educators, policy makers and education observers will be able to answer challenges and support the establishment of Hindu education that is beneficial, especially for students and the young generation of Hindus.@font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}@font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-469750017 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}
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Good, Anthony. "The Car and the Palanquin: Rival Accounts of the 1895 Riot in Kalugumalai, South India." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 1 (January 1999): 23–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x99003200.
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The 1895 riot at Kalugumalai in the Tirunelveli District of Madras Presidency, South India, pitted the local Nadar community, then newly-converted to Roman Catholicism, against the main Hindu castes of Kalugumalai, particularly those associated with its Hindu temple and the Ettaiyapuram zamindari estate within which the town lay. It was the violent climax to a long-running dispute over the Nadars' right to take processions through the main streets, and one of the bloodiest episodes in a conflict which posed a severe threat to public order throughout South India in the late nineteenth century.
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Miller, Paul Allen. "Allusion and Intertext: Dynamics of Appropriation in Roman Poetry. Stephen Hinds." Classical Philology 94, no. 3 (July 1999): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/449451.
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Garczewska, Anna. "Roman law in Tv series ‘Rome’." Collectanea Philologica, no. 19 (December 30, 2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-0319.19.11.
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‘Is there some other form of law?’ – that is how Gaius Iulius Caesar (played by Ciaran Hinds) in the TV series ‘Rome’ comments on Roman Law. ‘Rome’ (2005–2007) is a historical drama set in the last days of the Roman Republic. It is one of the most interesting shows helping to visualize Rome. One of the elements portrayed in the series is Roman Law. Although there is a criminal trial presented in one of the episodes the audience is rarely acquainted with law and its rules directly, Roman legal system can be discovered mostly through characters’ actions. There are many legal elements e.g.: penal trial, executing penalty (damnatio ad gladium ludi), manumission (manumissio), funeral arrangements, or corporal punishment of the soldiers (castigatio). Some of the legal aspects are presented correctly others contain some discrepancies; nevertheless there is a quite interesting portrayal of Roman Law in the series. The aim of the article is to find and describe some legal issues presented in ‘Rome’. It can be both scientific and educational. Nowadays the lecturers search for innovative or more engaging ways to teach, I believe the series could be a useful tool for students of law.
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Jussila, Reijo. "lchneumonidae (Hymenoptera) of Greenland found in Scoresbysund (lttoggortoormiit)." Entomologica Fennica 7, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83903.
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Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) have been found from Scoresbysund, Eastern Greenland by Dominique Elin (Laboratoire d'écologie numérique de Lille, France) 1985. The following 11 species and one subspecies are described: Acrolyta glacialis sp.n., Theroscopus arcticus sp.n., Campodorus elini sp.n., C. polaris sp.n., Occapes hinzi sp.n., Campoletis rostrata sp.n., C. horstmanni sp.n., Stenomacrus brevipennis sp.n., S. groenlandicus sp.n., S. difficilis sp.n., Ichneumon scoresbysundensis sp.n. and Orthocentrus stigmaticus groenlandicus ssp.n. In addition, records are presented for five species new to Greenland: Gelis glacialis (Holmgren), G. melanogaster (Thomson), Atractodes alpestris Roman, A. pusillus Forster and Exochus consimilis Holmgren.
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Greedharry, D. R. "Psychiatry in Mauritius." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 9, no. 6 (June 1985): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0140078900021970.
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Mauritius is a 720 sq mile island situated in the Indian Ocean. It has a population of about a million, made up of various racial backgrounds: Indian, African, European and Chinese. Those of Indian descent belong to the Hindu and Muslim faiths; those of African and European descent belong to the Roman Catholic faith (by and large), as do most of the people of Chinese origin. The economy rests on the export of sugar and tobacco, making the country an agricultural one. Diversification of the economy is under way.
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DAS, SHINJINI. "AN IMPERIAL APOSTLE? ST PAUL, PROTESTANT CONVERSION, AND SOUTH ASIAN CHRISTIANITY." Historical Journal 61, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x17000024.
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AbstractThis article explores the locally specific (re)construction of a biblical figure, the Apostle St Paul, in India, to unravel the entanglement of religion with British imperial ideology on the one hand, and to understand the dynamics of colonial conversion on the other. Over the nineteenth century, evangelical pamphlets and periodicals heralded St Paul as the ideal missionary, who championed conversion to Christianity but within an imperial context: that of the first-century Roman Mediterranean. Through an examination of missionary discourses, along with a study of Indian (Hindu and Islamic) intellectual engagement with Christianity including Bengali convert narratives, this article studies St Paul as a reference point for understanding the contours of ‘vernacular Christianity’ in nineteenth-century India. Drawing upon colonial Christian publications mainly from Bengal, the article focuses on the multiple reconfigurations of Paul: as a crucial mascot of Anglican Protestantism, as a justification of British imperialism, as an ideological resource for anti-imperial sentiments, and as a theological inspiration for Hindu reform and revivalist organization.
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Dwiari Suryaningsih, Ni Putu. "UPACARA NILAPATI BAGI WARGA MAHA GOTRA PASEK SANAK SAPTA RSI DI BANJAR ROBAN DESA TULIKUP KECAMATAN GIANYAR KABUPATEN GIANYAR (Perspektif Pendidikan Agama Hindu)." Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 1, no. 2 (October 6, 2017): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/jpah.v1i2.258.
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<p>Upacara <em>Nilapati</em> diartikan sebagai proses penyucian serta peningkatan roh leluhur tahapan terakhir dari rangkaian upacara <em>Pitra Yajña</em>. Upacara <em>Nilapati</em> dilaksanakan setelah melalui rangkaian upacara <em>Ngaben</em>, <em>Ngerorasin</em>, dan <em>Mendak Nuntun</em> serta sebelum melakukan upacara <em>Ngelinggihang Bhatara Hyang Guru </em>di<em> Sanggah Kamulan</em>.</p><p>Adapun rumusan masalahnya sebagai berikut: (1) Bagimanakah prosesi pelaksanaan upacara <em>Nilapati</em> bagi warga <em>Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi</em> di Banjar Roban, Desa Tulikup, Kecamatan Gianyar, Kabupaten Gianyar?, (2) Apakah fungsi upacara <em>Nilapati</em> bagi warga <em>Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi</em> di Banjar Roban, Desa Tulikup, Kecamatan Gianyar, Kabupaten Gianyar?, (3) Nilai-nilai pendidikan agama Hindu apakah yang terkandung dalam pelaksanaan upacara <em>Nilapati</em> bagi warga <em>Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi</em> di Banjar Roban, Desa Tulikup, Kecamatan Gianyar, Kabupaten Gianyar?. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Untuk mengetahui prosesi pelaksanaan upacara <em>Nilapati</em> bagi warga <em>Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi</em> di Banjar Roban, Desa Tulikup, Kecamatan Gianyar, Kabupaten Gianyar, (2) Untuk mengetahui fungsi dari pelaksanaan upacara <em>Nilapati</em> bagi warga <em>Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi</em> di Banjar Roban, Desa Tulikup, Kecamatan Gianyar, Kabupaten Gianyar, (3) Untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai pendidikan agama Hindu yang terkandung dalam pelaksanaan upacara<em> Nilapati</em> bagi warga <em>Maha Gotra Pasek Sanak Sapta Rsi</em> di Banjar Roban, Desa Tulikup, Kecamatan Gianyar, Kabupaten Gianyar.</p><p>Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis rumusan masalah yaitu; Teori Religi, Teori Fungsional Struktural, dan Teori Nilai. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi, wawancara, kepustakaan, serta metode dokumentasi. Data di analisis dengan teknik deskriptif kualitatif dengan langkah-langkah reduksi, penyajian data, dan menyimpulkan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Prosesi pelaksanaan upacara <em>Nilapati</em> di Banjar Roban merupakan tahap dalam meningkatkan kesucian roh leluhur, (2) Fungsi upacara <em>Nilapati</em> di Banjar Roban yakni: Fungsi rasa <em>bhakti</em> untuk menyucikan roh leluhur, Fungsi meningkatkan status sebutan <em>Dewa Hyang</em> menjadi <em>Bhatara Hyang Guru</em> atau <em>Siwa Guru</em> dan Fungsi Sosial, (3) Nilai-nilai pendidikan agama Hindu yang terkandung dalam upacara <em>Nilapati</em> yakni : Nilai <em>Tattwa </em>, Nilai <em>Etika</em> dan Nilai <em>Yajña</em>.</p>
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Clooney, Francis X. "Learning from a Medieval Hindu Theologian’s Manual of Daily Worship: A Counter-Intuitive Relevance." International Journal of Asian Christianity 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-00201004.
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The Manual of Daily Worship (Nityagrantham) of Rāmānuja (1017–1137) is a work of applied, liturgical theology, in a major Hindu tradition. It describes the daily worship of an advanced devotee, melding together purifications, ritual offerings, recitation of mantras, meditations, and acts of surrender to God. As such, it richly fills out the spiritual and intellectual profile of Rāmānuja as an exemplar of integral spiritual, intellectual, and practical religion. This essay argues that he thus has much to offer to our reflection on religions and religions across Asia, and more particularly, offers fruitful insights and challenges regarding how to understand, study, and practice religion even now. The author is an American Roman Catholic priest and a Jesuit, who himself has learned deeply from Hinduism and from Rāmānuja’s tradition over the decades.
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Ellis, Harold. "The early days of arterial surgery." Journal of Perioperative Practice 21, no. 11 (November 2011): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175045891102101106.
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Severe arterial bleeding must have been a common, much feared and often fatal complication of trauma since man appeared on Earth. The early surgeons would have used direct pressure on the wound, which would only have provided temporary relief, or learned to apply a tight dressing. If it was an injured limb, this would often result in gangrene. Application of styptics such as turpentine or the use of the cautery or boiling oil is described in ancient Greek, Roman, Hindu and Arab manuscripts. Indeed, boiling oil to cauterise gunshot wounds was strongly advised by John de Vigo in his surgical textbook that was widely used in the 16th century.
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Jacobsen, Knut. "Establishing Tamil Ritual Space: A Comparative Analysis of the Ritualisation of the Traditions of the Tamil Hindus and the Tamil Roman Catholics in Norway." Journal of Religion in Europe 2, no. 2 (2009): 180–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187489209x437035.
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AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to make a contribution to the study of religious pluralism in the south Asian diasporas. The essay compares the establishment of ritual traditions of the Tamil Hindus and the Tamil Roman Catholics in Norway. There are several parallel developments, and the essay identifies some of these similarities. It is argued that features sometimes assumed to be unique of the Hindu diaspora may not always be so, but may be common features of several of the religious traditions of south Asia in the diaspora. Attention to the plurality of religious traditions in the south Asian diasporas is therefore sometimes a better strategy than the study of each religious tradition in isolation.
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Turoff, Barbara. "Hinduism and the mystical aestheticism of Gabriele D’Annunzio: “Una sensualità rapita fuor de’ sensi”." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 51, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 452–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014585817698404.
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D’Annunzio’s cult of Beauty—his attention to, and interest in, all things beautiful—is well known and has been widely discussed. Yet, the nature of the spirituality which infuses this aestheticism has not been adequately explored due to (mis)interpretations or even an outright rejection of D’Annunzio’s religiosity. In discussing the relationship between Hinduism and D’Annunzio, this article reveals the relevance of Hinduism’s aesthetics to D’Annunzio’s, primarily in the shared concept of the artist’s ability—through his or her heightened senses—to perceive the union of the self with the universal soul, or to experience what D’Annunzio calls “una sensualità rapita fuor de’ sensi”. While placing D’Annunzio in the cultural environment of Orientalism, and noting that he accessed Hindu ideas not only through secondary sources such as Schopenhauer, Romain Rolland, and Angelo Conti, but also through his reading of Orientalist scholars and primary sources (translated into French or Italian), this article demonstrates that in Hindu thought, D’Annunzio found support for, and confirmation of, his own mystic aestheticism.
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Jakubczak, Marzenna. "Joga dla Polki i Polaka. Rzut oka na recepcję indyjskiej duchowości w Polsce." Argument: Biannual Philosophical Journal 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20841043.9.1.7.
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Yoga for Poles: a glance at the reception of Indian spirituality in Poland: The article starts
with a review of data on the religious afliations and involvement of contemporary Poles, with
special focus on religious traditions originating in India. Then, outlined briefy is the Polish
reception of the Hindu and Buddhist religio-philosophical ideas, regarding the period between
the mid-nineteenth century, through the 1990s and on to the present day. Both the oriental
religions and psychophysical exercises associated with yoga have various connotations for Poles,
who mostly identif themselves as Christians. Along with the gradually growing popularity of
modern postural yoga, one can observe increasing fears and prejudices developing, ones which
are usually based on ignorance or confusion. In the following part of the article the term “yoga”
is elucidated. The author also discusses the origin and the signifcance of yoga as a phenomenon within the context of Hindu culture. Finally, she considers the question as to whether
yoga, as it has been adopted in Polish society, should be rather associated with physical culture
and a method of relaxation or with a religious movement and a spiritual path. In conclusion,
the author addresses the issue of the alleged incompatibility and discrepancy between the non-
-western ideas implied by yoga and the Roman Catholic worldview predominating in Poland.
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George, Annie Rachel, and Arnapurna Rath. "“Musk among Perfumes”." Church History and Religious Culture 96, no. 3 (2016): 304–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09603003.
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The complexities of scriptural translation intensify in colonial, multilingual societies. In this study, we examine Thomas Stephens’s Kristapurana (1616) as a significant moment of cross-cultural encounters in the history of Bible translation in India. Stephens (1549–1619) was an English Jesuit, who worked in Goa, India. The Kristapurana is written in the Marathi language, in Roman script. Stephens’s Purana can be considered the first attempt to bring the biblical story into an Indian language, although in poetic form. This study aims to bring out the significance of this early Christian work in the Marathi language by analyzing Stephens’s translation of the biblical story into Marathi. The Kristapurana is studied as a site where Christianity and indigenous Hindu practices come together to form a “creative” expression of Christianity strongly reminiscent of the region that it was produced in.
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Sofhian, Sofhian. "The Rationality Prohibition of Riba (Usury)." Al-Ulum 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/au.v15i1.224.
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Usury (henceforth called as riba) in fact has long been known and have been progressing in meaning. The study of riba was not only discussed seriously by Muslims but also other religions. If flashed back to more than two thousand years ago, the study of riba has been discussed by non-Muslims, such as Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish, Greek, Roman and Christian. In Islam, debate about riba and bank interest indicated that the problem of riba very closely related to the issue of muamalah especially those that occur in Banks and Non- Bank financial. Riba evolution concept toward interest cannot be separated from the development of the financial institutions. Therefore, this journal examine and analyze the substance of the issues of interest in a rational perspective, and at the end of this journal offers loss and profit sharing system as an alternative solution to the system of interest in transaction systems of bank and non- bank.
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Fludernik, Monika. "Suttee as heroic martyrdom, Liebestod and emblem of womens oppression : from orientalist to feminist appropriations of a Hindu rite in four narrative genres." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 33, no. 1 (2000): 145–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2000.1628.
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Le rituel hindou de l’auto-immolation des femmes (sati) à l’occasion des funérailles de leur époux est un thème exotique récurrent de la littérature coloniale. En sont proposés ici quatre traitements, empruntés à différentes époques et différents genres. Dans les récits de voyages le thème du sati est traité comme une spécificité hindoue (ou indienne) de plus, à caractère sensationnel. Les témoignages directs sont au contraire caractérisés par la prédominance de préjugés coloniaux qui confèrent aux descriptions une tournure typiquement orientaliste. Le troisième genre est celui du roman de sati, particulièrement populaire dans la littérature du XIXe siècle, dans lequel le martyre de la victime sacrificielle se trouve glorifié. Le quatrième correspond à la littérature contemporaine (féminine notamment) et se caractérise principalement par sa réinterprétation du sati à des fins féministes et anticolonialistes.
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Imeldatur Rohmah, Elva. "Problematika Poligami dalam Lintas Sejarah dan Agama." Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam 25, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/alqanun.2022.25.1.83-97.
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This paper aims to determine the phenomenon and problems of polygamy throughout history and the views of several religions on polygamy. This article was written using a descriptive-analytical method. The result is that almost all nations in the world, from time immemorial, have been familiar with polygamy. For example, since time immemorial, polygamy has been known by Hindus, Israelis, Persians, Roman Arabs, Babylonians, Tunisians, and others. Polygamy also extends to the Hebrews and Sicilians, who later gave birth to most of the Russians, Lithuanians, Poles, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, as well as part of the population of Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and England. Polygamy exists in every human civilization. Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism do allow polygamy, although, in essence, the principle of marriage taught in these religions is monogamy. Meanwhile, modern Church Law forbids its followers from polygamy. The Qobty Orthodox Church, the Roman Orthodox Church, and the Syriac Orthodox Church do not allow a husband or wife to have a second marriage as long as the first marriage is still ongoing or has not been cancelled. So, a marriage that is recognized as legal is the marriage of a man to a woman, and polygamy is not allowed. Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena dan problematikan poligami sepanjang sejarah dan pandangan beberapa agama tentang poligami. Artikel ini ditulis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis. Hasilnya adalah hampir seluruh bangsa di dunia, sejak zaman dahulu kala tidak asing dengan poligami. Misalnya, sejak dahulu kala poligami telah dikenal oleh orang-orang Hindu, bangsa Israel, Persia, Arab Romawi, Babilonia, Tunisia, dan lain-lain. Poligami juga meluas pada bangsa Ibrani dan Sicilia yang kemudian melahirkan sebagian besar bangsa Rusia, Lithuania, Polandia, Cekoslowakia, dan Yugoslavia, serta sebagian penduduk Jerman, Swiss, Belanda, Denmark, Swedia, Norwegia, dan Inggris. Poligami ada dalam setiap peradaban manusia. Dalam agama Islam, Nasrani, Hindu, Budha, maupun Yahudi memang memperbolehkan adanya poligami, meskipun pada hakikatnya asas pernikahan yang diajarkan dalam agama-agama tersebut adalah monogami. Sedangkan Undang-undang Gereja modern mengharamkan pengikutnya berpoligami. Gereja Qobty Ortodoks, Gereja Roma Ortodoks, dan Gereja Suryani Ortodoks tidak membolehkan seorang suami atau istri melakukan pernikahan kedua, selama pernikahan pertama masih berlangsung atau belum dibatalkan. Jadi, pernikahan yang diakui sah adalah pernikahan seorang laki-laki dengan seorang perempuan, dan poligami tidak diperbolehkan.
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Schnee, Heinz. "Typenrevision der von Hellén beschriebenen Anomaloninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) und Übersicht über die finnischen Arten." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 68, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.68.1.151-175.
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Die sieben von Hellen beschriebenen Anomaloninae werden revidiert. Valide Arten sind Erigorgus romani (Hellen, 1926), Agrypon [nec Atrometoides] nigerrimum (Hellen, 1949), Barylypa helleni Schnee, 1989 [= Agrypon (Barylypa) rossicum Hellen, 1950 praokkupiert durch Barylypa rossicum Meyer, 1935], und Agrypon brachycerum Hellen, 1950. Habronyx scutellatus, Hellen, 1926 ist syn. nov. von Agrypon flaveolatum (Gravenhorst, 1829), Anomalon boreale Hellen, 1926 von Erigorgus melanobatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) und Agrypon (Labrorychus) flaviventris Hellen, 1950 von Barylypa rubricator (Szepligeti, 1899). Erigorgus lapponicus (Thomson, 1892) wird als eigenstandige Art und nicht mehr als Synonym von E. cerinops (Gravenhorst, 1829) angesehen. Zwei neue Arten aus der Agrypon anxium-Gruppe werden beschrieben: Agrypon hinzi spec. nov. aus Deutschland, Finnland, Grosbritannien, Osterreich, Russland und Schweden sowie Agrypon capitatum spec. nov. aus Finnland. Erstmals wird die bisher nur aus der Ostpalaarktis bekannte Art Aphanistes wadai Uchida, 1958 aus Finnland und Deutschland nachgewiesen. Aphanistes iwatai Uchida, 1958 ist ein neues Synonym von A. wadai. Ein Bestimmungsschlussel ermoglicht die Determination der westpalaarktischen Aphanistes-Arten. Faunistische und biologische Daten werden mitgeteilt. Wirtsnachweise wurden nach Moglichkeit uberpruft. Eine aktualisierte Checklist der 44 finnischen Anomaloninae wird gegeben.
Nomenklatorische Handlungen
Agrypon hinzi spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:64B4346B-B89E-45D7-9C37-DD83F35D6CBA
Agrypon capitatum spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D73E4FDF-29F5-4BF3-BD6F-BB285387A125
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Yuliani, Ni Made. "Penggunaan Jajan dalam Upacara Mesabatan Biu Pada Tradisi Achi Ketiga di Desa Tenganan Dauh Tukad Karangasem (Kajian Teologi Hindu)." Sphatika: Jurnal Teologi 9, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/sp.v9i1.1599.
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<p>The use of jajan in the masabatan biu ceremony in achi katiga tradition in the village of Tenganan Dauh Tukad Karangasem is closely related to the natural conditions of the area. Considering that the nature is rich with natural resource to be used as a complement in the masabatan biu ceremony. The achi katiga tradition is part of culture. The implementation of the achi katiga tradition contains noble values inherited by the ancestors. These values certainly need to be practiced by the community so that they can be understood and developed by the community. The use of jajan at the masabatan biu ceremony can be used in selection of saye , the communication of this organization helps in the selection process. Selection of Saye is the selection of candidates for the leadership of Sekaa Teruna Dukuh Mengku The uniqueness of the selection of Saye is that not all members can become prospective leaders. So that in this background a problem statement can be drawn, namely what is the shape of the jajan symbol made by roban in the implementation of the Aci katiga Tradition? What is the function of the Achintya Jajan symbol made by roban in the implementation of the Aci katiga Tradition? What is the meaning of the jajan symbol made by roban in the implementation of the Aci katiga Tradition? The three formulations of this problem are dissected using Religious Theory is one of the most complex and<br />evolving elements in various places in the world. According to Koentjaraningrat (1980: 228-229) that if someone does something in the world, then there will be four main elements of religion in general, namely: (1). (2) a system of belief or human images about the shape of the world, nature, the unseen, life, death, etc .; (3) a system of implementation related to the world; and (4) community groups or social units that conceptualize and revive religion and the system of religious ceremonies. The use of Symbol Theory to reveal the meaning of the symbol of the use of jajan in the ceremony of the masabatan biu to the Achi katiga tradition. Etymologically, symbols or symbols are derived from the Greek word “ syim-ballein “ which means throwing together (objects, deeds) openness of ideas. Perception theory is the core of communication, whereas interpretation (interpretation) is the core of perception, which is identical to the decoding in the persepni process of the symbol’s meaning in the use of jajan in the ceremony of the mesabatan biu in the Achi katiga tradition. The method of data have been used is information, interviews, and documentation. Observation of the analyze,<br />observations Interviews are carried out by constructing people, events, activities, organizations, motivations, feelings, etc. that are carried out by two parties, namely the interviewer (interviewer) who asks questions with the person interviewed (interviewed).</p>
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Hutapea, Rinto Hasiholan. "Nilai pendidikan Kristiani “terimalah satu akan yang lain” dalam bingkai moderasi beragama." KURIOS 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30995/kur.v8i1.540.
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This study specifically examined the interaction of IAKN Palangka Raya Christian students in a joint group of Real Work Lectures with IAIN Palangka Raya Islamic students and Hindu students kaharingan IAHN Palangka Raya. The location of special activities of Bukit Sua Village and Mungku Baru Village. The purpose of this study is also to examine and analyze the implementation of the value of Christian education "accept one another" Romans 15:7 in the framework of religious moderation. Empirical studies become the methods that researchers use to achieve these goals. The results stated that the interaction and implementation of the value of Christian education "accept one another" in the framework of religious moderation by Christian students in a combined group with Islamic students and Hindu Kaharingan students empirically realized very well. Christian students amid differences in faith in KKN activities can realize and apply the values of Christian education and religious moderation with indicators: attitude of acceptance with love, communication-based on love, cooperation based on love, attitudes that make room for differences in beliefs, and attitudes that accept local culture as part of religious expression. AbstrakPenelitian ini khusus mengkaji interaksi mahasiswa Kristen IAKN Palangka Raya dalam kelompok gabungan Kuliah Kerja Nyata dengan mahasiswa Islam IAIN Palangka Raya dan mahasiswa Hindu Kaharingan IAHN Palangka Raya. Lokasi kegiatan khusus Kelurahan Bukit Sua dan Kelurahan Mungku Baru. Tujuan penelitian ini juga untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis implementasi nilai pendidikan Kristiani “terimalah satu akan yang lain” Roma 15:7 dalam bingkai moderasi beragama. Studi empiris menjadi metode yang peneliti gunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa interaksi dan implementasi nilai pendidikan kristiani “terimalah satu akan yang lain” dalam bingkai moderasi beragama oleh mahasiswa Kristen dalam kelompok gabungan dengan mahasiswa Islam dan mahasiswa Hindu Kaharingan secara empiris terwujud dengan sangat baik. Mahasiswa Kristen di tengah-tengah perbedaan keyakinan, dalam dalam kegiatan KKN, dapat mewujudkan dan menerapkan nilai pendidikan kristiani dan moderasi beragama dengan indikator: sikap menerima dengan kasih, komunikasi berlandaskan kasih, bekerja sama didasarkan pada kasih, sikap yang memberi ruang terhadap perbedaan keyakinan, serta sikap yang menerima budaya lokal sebagai bagian dari ekspresi beragama.
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Rajarajan, R. K. K. "Water, Source of ‘Genesis’ and the End Macro and Micro Viṣṇu in the Hymns of the Āḻvārs." Medieval History Journal 23, no. 2 (November 2020): 296–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945820956583.
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The pañcabhūtas convoked are pṛthvi ‘earth’, ap ‘water’, tejas ‘fire’, vāyu ‘air or wind’ and ākāśa ‘ether’. They are the five elements of nature in Hindu mythology. These are considered the abstractions of Viṣṇu (Figures 1–3, 6 and 10), Śiva (Figure 11) or Dēvī (Figures 7 and 15) as the case may be. Most virile among the five are ‘water’ and ‘fire’, the symbols of creation and destruction. Water from the Darwinian point of view is the creative force in which living organisms originate and survive. It is the sustaining principle, for example, the Mother feeding the child with milk as rain for the plant kingdom. Water is the symbol of destruction at the time of deluge, the mahāpraḷaya ; cf. trees on the banks felled when rivers inundate (PTM 11.8.1). Fire creates when channelised through the oven; for example, Kumāra’s birth as also Mīnākṣī (Figure 16) and Draupadī emerging through yajñas. These ideas are best exemplified by the avatāras, aṃśāvatāras and other emanations of Viṣṇu. Śiva destroys the worlds by the power generated by his third eye (e.g., Sodom and Gomorrah in case of Biblical mythology), the God of Love, Kāmadeva symbolic of the seed of creation (Priapus in Roman mythology; Beard, 2008. Pompeii: The Life of a Roman Town. London: Profile Books Ltd: 104, figure 36). We are concerned in this article with water as the creative and destructive force, an idea that is as old as the Vedic and Biblical times. The focus is on the Āḻvārs’ Nālāyirativviyappirapantam. The Biblical myth of ‘Noah’s Ark’ may be of value for inter-religious dialogue. Several hundreds of the Tamil hymns have something to say on the symbolism of water. We cite a few examples hereunder. The emphasis is on water and Viśvarūpa.
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Farida, Ida, Endang Rochmiatun, and Nyimas Umi Kalsum. "Peran Sungai Musi dalam Perkembangan Peradaban Islam di Palembang: Dari Masa Kesultanan sampai Hindia-Belanda." JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam) 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/juspi.v3i1.4079.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif';">Artikel ini mengkaji tentang peran Sungai Musi dalam perkembangan peradaban Islam di Palembang yang dipengaruhi oleh Sungai Musi dan anak-anak sungainya. Kajian historis mengambil rentang waktu pada masa Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam sampai Hindia-Belanda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Morfologi perkotaan Palembang mengikuti alur Sungai Musi mulai dari muara Sungai Ogan sampai ke muara Sungai Komering dengan bentuk seperti pita. Karena sangat ditentukan oleh sungai, maka ketika Islam berkembang di daerah ini membentuk peradaban sesuai dengan kondisi geografisnya. Pada masa Hindia-Belanda, beberapa warisan peradaban ini mengalami penyesuaian dengan kepentingan politik pembangunan. Morfologi Palembang berubah menjadi “kota daratan”. Meski belum sepenuhnya, ada upaya adaptasi dari masyarakat atas perubahan-perubahan itu. Morfologi kota berubah, dari <em>waterfront</em> menjadi <em>waterback</em>. Simbol-simbol Islam lokal mulai tergantikan dengan simbol-simbol kolonialis. Bahkan, arsitektur masjid dan keraton tidak luput dari unsur-unsur kolonialis.</span></p><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-no-proof: yes;">Kata Kunci: Sungai Musi, peradaban Islam, Palembang.</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
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Edelman, Marvin, Klaus-Juergen Appenroth, K. Sowjanya Sree, and Tokitaka Oyama. "Ethnobotanical History: Duckweeds in Different Civilizations." Plants 11, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162124.
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This presentation examines the history of duckweeds in Chinese, Christian, Greek, Hebrew, Hindu, Japanese, Maya, Muslim, and Roman cultures and details the usage of these diminutive freshwater plants from ancient times through the Middle Ages. We find that duckweeds were widely distributed geographically already in antiquity and were integrated in classical cultures in the Americas, Europe, the Near East, and the Far East 2000 years ago. In ancient medicinal sources, duckweeds are encountered in procedures, concoctions, and incantations involving the reduction of high fever. In this regard, we discuss a potential case of ethnobotanical convergence between the Chinese Han and Classical Maya cultures. Duckweeds played a part in several ancient rituals. In one, the unsuitability of its roots to serve as a wick for Sabbath oil lamps. In another reference to its early use as human food during penitence. In a third, a prominent ingredient in a medicinal incantation, and in a fourth, as a crucial element in ritual body purifications. Unexpectedly, it emerged that in several ancient cultures, the floating duckweed plant featured prominently in the vernacular and religious poetry of the day.
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Bali, Sharadendu, and Maneshwar Singh Utaal. "Ancient origins of caesarean section and contextual rendition of Krishna’s birth." International Journal of Scientific Reports 2, no. 11 (October 22, 2016): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20163650.
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<p class="abstract">A Caesarean section is defined as “the surgical termination of pregnancy or delivery by operative opening of the uterus”. Caesarean sections ancestory can be traced back to the ancient (Graeco-Roman) world. Though there is very little information still extant about practices of this kind in antiquity, there are many folktales and popular stories from all over the world that tell of people being born in this fashion. Indian religious books describe the birth of Buddha through his mother’s right flank. Brahma was believed to be born through the umbilicus of his mother. Sage Sushruta, a founder of ancient Hindu medicine mentions the importance of performing a post-mortem caesarean section in his medical treatise “Sushruta Samhita”. There is a lot of evidence to suggest that knowledge and practice of this type of procedure was practiced in ancient Greece, ancient Rome and even ancient India. It is these early practices, from this part of the world, which are thought to have formed the foundations for what is known today in the modern Western medicine as the “caesarean section”. Therefore it is paramount to explore the practices and trace the history of this nature in the in more detail<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p>
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Ucherek, Dorota. "Magiczno-religijna mozaika. Źródła obrazów postaci bogów Krain Wewnętrznego Morza z „Sagi o Zbóju Twardokęsku” Anny Brzezińskiej." Literatura i Kultura Popularna 27 (December 29, 2021): 213–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.27.16.
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The aim of this article is to find the sources of images of the Inner Sea Lands gods in Anna Brzezińska’s “Saga of Twardokęsek the Brigand”. The author presents the most important features of these characters, their most recognizable actions and attributes, comparing them with possible prototypes derived from Greek, Roman, Scandinavian, Slavic, and Hindu mythology, as well as Christianity. She points out that the gods in Brzezińska’s saga, although worshipped, are not omnipotent and do not possess full creative powers. They turn out to be only slightly more powerful than their off spring, the fruit of their relationships with humans — witches. Shaping human fates, they are only able to recreate ancient patterns over and over again and are subject to a higher power (similarly to how the Greek gods were subject to Fatum). In their images, we can also find traces of inspiration from the classic mythopoetic fantasy, especially Ursula K. Le Guin’s series about the Earthsea. Thus, these images can be seen as a magical-religious mosaic, which evokes associations with the considerations of classical anthropology on the relations between magic and religion. The author also puts forward the hypothesis about treating these images as a metaphor for the process of creating literature, especially in its original, oral form.
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Numark, Mitch. "TranslatingDharma: Scottish Missionary-Orientalists and the Politics of Religious Understanding in Nineteenth-Century Bombay." Journal of Asian Studies 70, no. 2 (May 2011): 471–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002191181100009x.
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A consideration of colonial Bombay enriches the understanding of the activities and ideas of Christian missionaries and Orientalists in India and elucidates British conceptions of “the religions of India” and the production of colonialist knowledge. This article focuses on nineteenth-century Scottish missionary-Orientalists and examines how they and other Bombay-based Protestant missionaries understood the concept of religion, Christianity, and the structure, similitude and distinctiveness of “the religions” at the crucial moment when newly “discovered” religions were gaining recognition and a new vision of “world religions” was coming into being. It considers the writings on the religions and ethnographic scholarship of the Bombay Scottish missionaries, as well as their extensive and multifaceted interactions with Bombay's Hindu, Muslim, Jain, Parsi, Jewish, Roman Catholic and Andivasi communities. More specifically, it details the ways in which Bombay missionaries applied and related the concept of religion to diverse configurations of language, text, and practice that they understood as isomorphic species of the religion genus. By examining how Christian missionaries who were also Orientalists conceptualized a number of “religions” and interacted with numerous communities this article seeks to elucidate the presuppositions that shaped the ways in which Hinduism and the other “religions” of nineteenth-century Bombay were imagined.
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Harries, Byron. "The spinner and the poet: Arachne in Ovid's Metamorphoses." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 36 (1990): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006867350000523x.
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Two artistic competitions in the Metamorphoses, those between the Muses and the daughters of Pierus (5.250–678) and between Arachne and Minerva (6.1–145), are now widely recognised as exploiting familiar generic differentiations. Ovid's treatment of these differentiations is further seen to have a bearing on establishing the elusive poetic identity of the whole poem, and to locate that identity firmly within the Roman response to Alexandrian poetics. The significance of these sections for the literary programme of the Metamorphoses has been persuasively argued by H. Hofmann and E. W. Leach for the Arachne competition, and more recently by Hofmann and S. Hinds for the Pierides. It is now clear how wide the range of literary forms represented at this pivotal point in Metamorphoses actually is, at the close of the first pentad and at the start of the second. Each of the episodes spanning this juncture has its winning and losing side, and there is an obvious way in which the positive and negative judgements in an artistic competition refine the reader's literary discrimination: the outcome of the contests encourages us to see in the competition itself at least an implicit comment on the relative qualities of the participants.
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Mentzer, Raymond A. "Fasting, Piety, and Political Anxiety among French Reformed Protestants." Church History 76, no. 2 (June 2007): 330–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700101945.
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Fasting has an ancient and revered place in the many religious traditions that human communities have fostered throughout history and across the globe. In India, to take a modern example, Hindu women commonly carry out ritual fasts or vrats. Fasting, particularly in its collective forms, is also frequent and widespread among western groups that scholars have sometimes described as Abrahamic religions. Muslims annually observe Ramadan, a month of fasting, prayer, and celebration. Jews customarily fast, taking no food or drink from sunup to sundown, several days each year and, most notably, on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. For medieval Christians, preparation for the holy feasts of Christmas and Easter meant substantial periods of religious preparation, the well-known Advent and Lenten periods complete with fasting and abstinence from certain foods. In contemporary Christian circles, fasting may be less widely practiced, yet it retains an important place among Roman Catholics and members of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints, to cite but two better-known cases. In short, the utilization of food for purposes of religious devotion and piety, whether through fasting or feasting, has been a long-standing custom within and without western religious culture.