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Journal articles on the topic 'Roman military archaeology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Polm, Martijn. "Museum Representations of Roman Britain and Roman London: A Post-colonial Perspective." Britannia 47 (June 2, 2016): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x16000143.

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ABSTRACTThis paper offers a post-colonial analysis of past and present representations of the archaeological remains of Roman Britain and Roman London in the British Museum and Museum of London respectively. Since post-colonial criticism of Romano-British archaeology is highly relevant to such an analysis, a brief description is provided at the outset. Thereafter follows a series of six case studies — three for each museum. The first four focus on the history of the Romano-British collections at both museums and sometimes draw on post-colonial insights to explain the development of these colle

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2

Conyard, John. "RECREATING THE LATE ROMAN ARMY." Late Antique Archaeology 8, no. 2 (2013): 523–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000017a.

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This paper attempts to give some insight into the role that Roman military reconstruction archaeology can play in the understanding of Roman military equipment from Late Antiquity. It can only provide a brief introduction to some of the equipment of the Late Roman army though, and Bishop and Coulston’s Roman Military Equipment, first published in 1993 (2nd ed., 2006), must remain the standard work.1 This contribution will chiefly aim to examine how items of equipment were made, and more importantly, to consider how they were used.

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Coulston, J. C. N. "LATE ROMAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT CULTURE." Late Antique Archaeology 8, no. 2 (2013): 461–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000015a.

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The paper explores the cultural components of Late Roman military equipment through the examination of specific categories: waist belts, helmets, shields and weaponry. Hellenistic, Roman, Iron Age European, Mesopotamian- Iranian and Asiatic steppe nomad elements all played a part. The conclusion is that the whole history of Roman military equipment involved cultural inclusivity, and specifically that Late Roman equipment development was not some new form of ‘degeneration’ or ‘barbarisation’, but a positive acculturation.

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Morillo, Ángel, Andrés M. Adroher, Mike Dobson, and Esperanza Martín Hernández. "Constructing the archaeology of the Roman conquest of Hispania: new evidence, perspectives and challenges." Journal of Roman Archaeology 33 (2020): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759420000902.

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The first meeting of specialists from different fields relating to research on the Roman army in Hispania took place in Segovia in 1998 under the title “Roman Military Archaeology in Hispania”. Its aim was to gather within one forum different experts working in this field.1 The term “military archaeology” was provocative in the Spanish academic world of the late 1990s, as military studies were viewed with slight suspicion in some quarters, both by those researching indigenous contexts and by those who remained anchored in a classical concept of Romanisation which rather neglected the contribut

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Haynes, Ian, and G. L. Irby-Massie. "Military Religion in Roman Britain." Britannia 32 (2001): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526977.

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Kovács, Péter. "Emperor Avitus in Pannonia?" Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 71, no. 2 (2020): 661–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/072.2020.00019.

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In his paper the author examines the sources of the supposed Western Roman military expedition of Emperor Avitus in Pannonia in 455 that was thought to be the last Roman military action in the territory of the former Roman province. Analizing the sources, he comes to the conclusion that during his short reign, Avitus had no time to visit the province and his route (iter) mentioned by Sidonius Apollinaris must be identified with his journey from Arelate to Rome. The Roman military action in Pannonia can probably be identified with a short demonstrative campaign in the SW region of the dioecesis

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Todd, Malcolm. "Roman Military Occupation at Hembury (Devon)." Britannia 38 (November 2007): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/000000007784016511.

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The large hillfort at Hembury, near Honiton (Devon) is one of the most impressive late prehistoric sites in South-West England. Occupied in the Neolithic and Iron Age, it was taken over by a Roman force about or shortly before A.D. 50. Substantial timber buildings were constructed, including a probablefabrica, in which iron from the adjacent Blackdown hills was worked. The Roman site was abandoned by the early Flavian period and not reoccupied. Though not evidently a conventional fort, Hembury joins a list of hillforts in South-West England which were used by the Roman army in the early decade

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8

Russell, James. "A Roman Military Diploma from Eastern Pamphylia." American Journal of Archaeology 95, no. 3 (1991): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/505492.

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Breeze, David J., and Brian Dobson. "Roman Military Deployment in North England." Britannia 16 (1985): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526389.

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10

Taylor, Michael J. "PANOPLY AND IDENTITY DURING THE ROMAN REPUBLIC." Papers of the British School at Rome 88 (June 9, 2020): 31–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246220000033.

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AbstractThis paper examines how the Romans in the early Republic adopted Celtic panoply, in the process abandoning Greek-style hoplite equipment. The first part details the Celtic aspects of the major pieces of Rome's new military equipment: La Tène sword, oval shield (scutum), javelin (pilum), mail armour and Montefortino helmet. The next section seeks possible military and cultural explanations for this transition, suggesting among other factors that the new kit may have been driven by increased recruitment from beyond the narrow hoplite class. The panoply eventually coalesced into a symbol

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Campbell, D. B., and M. C. Bishop. "The Production and Distribution of Roman Military Equipment: Proceedings of the Second Roman Military Equipment Research Seminar." Britannia 19 (1988): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526217.

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12

Petts, David. "Military and Civilian: Reconfiguring the End of Roman Britain in the North." European Journal of Archaeology 16, no. 2 (2013): 314–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1461957112y.0000000030.

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This study explores the impact of recent discoveries on our understanding of the transition from the Roman to early medieval periods in northern England. Using the Tees Valley as a case study, it shows how modern interpretations of this process have focused primarily on the afterlife of the military sites in the region. However, the increased identification of significant Roman civilian settlements forces us to reconsider the dominant narratives and rethink the underlying processes that influenced the move from Roman-controlled frontier society in the fourth century to a fifth century society

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Smith, David, and Harry Kenward. "Roman Grain Pests in Britain: Implications for Grain Supply and Agricultural Production." Britannia 42 (April 19, 2011): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x11000031.

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AbstractIt is over 30 years since Paul Buckland first presented a series of arguments concerning beetle (Coleoptera) grain pests: their origin, the timing of their introduction to Britain, and their implications for agricultural production during the Roman occupation. Here we return to the topic in the light of new data from a range of archaeological deposits, including civilian and military sites dating from the earliest period of Roman occupation. Infestation rates and, potentially, grain loss may have been high throughout Roman Britain, though many infestations may have been in equine feed.

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Knight, Jeremy K. "An Inscription from Bavai and the Fifth-Century Christian Epigraphy of Britain." Britannia 41 (July 5, 2010): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x10000164.

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ABSTRACTThe consular dated memorial of a military accountant (scrinarius) of a.d. 404 with a chi-rho monogram from Bavai (France, Nord), previously thought to be a forgery, is reconsidered. Geographically close to Britain and well-dated, it is relevant to the origins of post-Roman insular epigraphy and to the possibility of recognising specifically Christian tombstones in Roman Britain. The insular series derives from a late antique tradition introduced to Britain via the Christian Church at an uncertain date. There is little sign of continuity with claimed Romano-British Christian tombstones,

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Tomášková, Silvia. "Next stop: Gender. Women at Roman military forts in Germany." Archaeological Dialogues 13, no. 1 (2006): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203806221858.

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As a Palaeolithic archaeologist I am often surprised by the paucity of research on issues of social relations in more recent time periods. The wealth of archaeological evidence and written texts seems so plentiful from where I stand. Thus when I look into Greek and Roman archaeology for examples of research on gendered being and for a discussion of difference in the past I am reminded that archaeological evidence is the consequence of research questions as much as their starting point. We only see that which we are able to comprehend, and archaeological finds and their interpretations become v

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Evans, Edith. "Military Architects and Building Design in Roman Britain." Britannia 25 (1994): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526994.

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Lavan, Myles. "The manpower of the Roman fleets." Journal of Roman Archaeology 32 (2019): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759419000102.

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The fleets are often neglected in consideration of the military forces of the Roman empire – indeed, some estimates of military strength have ignored them completely.1 Even more egregious is their omission in discussions of the rôle of the army in disseminating Roman citizenship, since the soldiers serving in the fleets benefitted from the same system of regular grants as did auxiliaries. When the fleets are included in inventories of the military, most scholars reckon them at either 30,000 or 40,000 men. In so doing, they are relying explicitly or implicitly on the work of C. G. Starr or M. R

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Torbágyi, Melinda. "Römische Münzen Und Der Frührömische Geldumlauf Bei Den Eraviskern." Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 71, no. 2 (2020): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/072.2020.00015.

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Coins unearthed in the Eraviscus settlement of Lágymányos provide new data to the beginning of Roman coin circulation in Pannonia. Eravisci are the only Celtic tribe that released coins following the Roman standard at the dawning of the Roman conquest of the area. Exact dating and purpose of this coinage are debated up until now since Celtic denarii do not appear on Celtic settlements, so it seems they played no roles in local coin usage. Meanwhile, Roman bronze coins released in the name of Augustus occur in indigenous settlements. The presence of these Roman bronze coins in the indigenous po

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Vidal Encinas, Julio Manuel, José Manuel Costa García, David González Álvarez, and Andrés Menéndez Blanco. "La presencia del ejército romano en las montañas de El Bierzo (León): novedades arqueológicas." Anales de Arquelogía Cordobesa 29 (January 11, 2019): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/aac.v29i0.11021.

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ResumenEn las últimas dos décadas, la Arqueología militar romana ha experimentado un notable avance en la península ibérica. El uso sistemático de nuevas técnicas de teledetección constituye el último estadio de un proceso de renovación metodológica que ha permitido documentar un numeroso conjunto de yacimientos arqueológicos inéditos, o bien relacionar otros ya conocidos con el ejército romano. A su vez, esta información inédita ha subrayado la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas narrativas arqueológicas sobre los procesos de conquista y ocupación del Noroeste peninsular en tiempos antiguos. Este

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Gambash, Gil. "To Rule a Ferocious Province: Roman Policy and the Aftermath of the Boudican Revolt." Britannia 43 (June 7, 2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x12000207.

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AbstractOfficial Roman action in the aftermath of the Boudican revolt is shown in this article to reveal a strong, persistent intention to allay local anger. Under consideration are such aspects as the Roman policy of official appointments in the region, the deployment of military forces, and the commemoration of the victory over the rebel forces. The conclusion reached takes issue with the widely prevailing view that Roman governance based itself mostly on oppressive measures.

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21

Hagmann, Dominik. "Die ländliche Besiedlung des nördlichen Noricums. Das Hinterland von Aelium Cetium/St. Pölten zwischen Erlauf- und Traisental." Acta Carnuntina 13, no. 1 (2023): 18–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7792969.

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The military sites directly along the Danube River at the so-called Roman Limes are the subject of ongoing scientific research regularly. However, the sites of the rural hinterland, mainly in today's Lower Austria, are much less known. To address this unsatisfactory imbalance in the state of research, the archaeological settlement activities in a study area between the military centers on the Roman Danube frontier (Arelape/Pöchlarn, Favianis/Mautern an der Donau, Augustianis/Traismauer) and the ancient municipium Aelium Cetium/St. Pölten were treated in detail regarding landscape

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Whately, Conor. "EL-LEJJŪN: LOGISTICS AND LOCALISATION ON ROME’S EASTERN FRONTIER IN THE 6TH C. A.D." Late Antique Archaeology 8, no. 2 (2013): 893–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000028a.

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This paper re-evaluates some of the conclusions reached by the contributors to the published final excavation report for the fortress of el-Lejjun in Jordan, particularly regarding its occupation in the first half of the 6th c. A.D. I argue that there was still a significant military presence, likely composed of limitanei, during that period, and that much of their food was sourced locally. This is in keeping with what we know about the provisioning of Roman frontier fortresses in other parts of the empire, and trends in the trade networks of the 6th c. East in general. Furthermore, the essay

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Booth, Paul. "A Late Roman Military Burial from the Dyke Hills, Dorchester on Thames, Oxfordshire." Britannia 45 (July 3, 2014): 243–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x14000294.

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AbstractDamage to part of the earthwork at Dyke Hills, Dorchester on Thames, provided the opportunity to recover the badly disturbed remains of a late Roman burial which had contained an elaborate belt set and an axe. This burial, of a type very unusual in Roman Britain, is argued to be of early fifth-century date and to be directly comparable with well-known burials recovered near by in 1874 which formed a starting point for the ‘soldiers and settlers’ debates of the 1960s and beyond. The Dorchester burials are seen here as those of late Roman military personnel, and their local and wider con

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Rankov, Boris. "Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies. Vols. 1-5." Britannia 28 (1997): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526787.

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Crummy, Nina, Martin Henig, and Courtney Ward. "A Hoard of Military Awards, Jewellery and Coins from Colchester." Britannia 47 (February 11, 2016): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x16000027.

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AbstractA hoard of objects found at the early Roman colony at Colchester in a small hole scraped into the floor of a house destroyed during the Boudican revolt includes a group of high-quality gold jewellery, three silver military awards, a bag of coins, an unusual silver-clad wooden box and other items. Buried in haste as the British approached, they provide a remarkably clear image of one couple's background, achievements, taste and social standing. Abullashows that the man was a Roman citizen, the awards that he was a veteran soldier of some distinction, while parallels for the woman's jewe

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Kazanski, Michel. "BARBARIAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT AND ITS EVOLUTION IN THE LATE ROMAN AND GREAT MIGRATION PERIODS (3RD–5TH C. A.D.)." Late Antique Archaeology 8, no. 2 (2013): 493–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000016a.

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Military equipment and, as a consequence, types of combat underwent significant changes between the 3rd and 6th c. A.D. The Germanic peoples’ and their neighbours’ weapons became more appropriate to rapid and close tactical manoeuvres in dispersed ranks. The spread of Germanic weapons within Roman territory and in the Pontic region indicates that the same tactics were employed by the Roman army’s barbarian troops and federates. A similar evolution occurred within the armies of the steppe peoples, including those fighting for the empire. The Early Roman armoured cavalry was first replaced by a

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Wrathmell, Stuart. "Woodland in Roman Britain: Some Hypotheses." Britannia 48 (March 6, 2017): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x17000071.

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ABSTRACTThe recently published ‘Fields of Britannia’ project has lent a measure of support to the idea that the patterning of woodland and open land evident in the Anglo-Saxon period may in part have persisted since Roman times, if not before. This article explores the potential value of these woodland and open land contrasts in explaining the locations and distribution of a variety of Roman cultural material: coins, military installations and early road alignments.

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Swan, David. "THE CARNYX ON CELTIC AND ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE." Antiquaries Journal 98 (September 2018): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581518000161.

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This paper explores the cross-cultural portrayals of an unusual and striking musical instrument, the carnyx, on the coinages of the Romans and the inhabitants of Iron Age Britain and Gaul. Fashioned as a snarling boar, the carnyx was a war horn used by the Gauls and Britons that not only captivated the minds of their artists, but also those of the Romans. This paper studies the cross-cultural phenomenon of its appearance in the coin iconography of the late second to late first centuriesbc. This simultaneous analysis of Roman, Gallic and British coinage reveals that while each culture had a sha

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Allen, J. R. L. "ThePetit AppareilMasonry Style in Roman Britain: Geology, Builders, Scale and Proportion." Britannia 41 (July 5, 2010): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x10000085.

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ABSTRACTMasonry facing at 31 widely scattered sites was characterised by the comparative lithometric analysis of the linear dimensions, apparent areas and apparent proportions of random samples of 50 exposed building blocks. Typically, block length lies between three-quarters and one Roman foot and height from one-third to one-half of a foot. The mean proportions of blocks vary with the type of stone and range from 1.50 to 2.54, with ‘military’ builders tending to prefer low length:height ratios and stone that fractured in much the same way regardless of direction relative to the bedding (i.e.

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Sauer, Eberhard, Simon Crutchley, and Patrick Erwin. "The Military Origins of the Roman Town of Alchester, Oxfordshire." Britannia 30 (1999): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526685.

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Guštin, Mitja. "The belt-buckle with Bacchus from “Romuliana”." Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu 36 (2019): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33254/piaz.36.5.

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The article deals with two extraordinary gilded silver belt buckles with mythological scenes representing Bacchus, Pan, and a Maenad, reportedly found in the surroundings of Zaječar, most likely in the area of the Roman centre of ROMULIANA. The belt buckles have an excellent parallel from somewhere in “Asia Minor” with scenes of Apollo and Daphne, as well as hunting scenes, perhaps displaying Bellerophon and Chimera. Both belt buckles were associated with the highest military rank of Late Roman society, and probably produced in eastern workshops, perhaps in Constantinople. The presence of both

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Wilkes, J. J. "The Roman Danube: An Archaeological Survey." Journal of Roman Studies 95 (November 2005): 124–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/000000005784016298.

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The subject is the Roman occupation and control of the river Danube between the river Inn and the Black Sea, with a special emphasis on recent research and discoveries. Themes examined include the pattern of recent research and publication in the dozen modern states that now exist in the area; the construction of strategic roads linking the upper and lower Danube basins with the rest of the Roman world; military history and the creation of the military cordon along the river and the civil and military settlements associated with this. Recent research on social, economic, and cultural themes is

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Swift, Ellen. "Identifying Migrant Communities: A Contextual Analysis of Grave Assemblages from Continental Late Roman Cemeteries." Britannia 41 (July 7, 2010): 237–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x10000103.

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ABSTRACTFocusing on late Roman bracelets, and also including other relevant material culture types, this paper brings together an examination of spatial distribution, distribution by site-type, and selected specific burial contexts to investigate provincial Roman material of non-local origin. Using this methodology, it is suggested that migrant communities can be identified at Krefeld-Gellep in the Rhineland — thus demonstrating that this type of multi-layered approach can assist in unravelling the complexity of the surviving evidence. The study also shows that a bias towards military sites/la

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Alston, R. "Roman Military Pay from Caesar to Diocletian." Journal of Roman Studies 84 (November 1994): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/300872.

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In a recent issue of this Journal, M. Alexander Speidel published a new document concerning Roman military pay, a receipt from Vindonissa dating to A.D. 38. This document, he claims, provides the missing link, which allows him to present a table of pay rates for legionaries and auxiliaries from Caesar to Diocletian and prove finally the proposition resurrected by M. P. Speidel that soldiers of the auxiliary cohorts were paid five sixths of the annual pay of legionaries. From a re-examination of the texts and documents traditionally used as evidence for the pay rates of the Roman military, I co

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Whately, Conor. "ORGANISATION AND LIFE IN THE LATE ROMAN MILITARY: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC ESSAY." Late Antique Archaeology 8, no. 1 (2013): 209–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000006a.

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Gugl, Christian, Wolfgang Neubauer, Erich Nau, and Renate Jernej. "New evidence for a Roman military camp at Virunum (Noricum): Th e garrison of the governor’s guard (singulares)?" CaieteARA. Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie, no. 6 (2015): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47950/caieteara.2015.6.04.

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Since the year 2001, aerial photographs have indicated a densely built-up zone to the east of the Roman town of Virunum (near Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria), the capital of the province of Noricum. The visible crop marks have been interpreted as a Roman military camp. The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology (LBI ArchPro) conducted an initial ground penetrating radar survey on November 19, 2013, in order to gather further information regarding the close proximity of a military installation to the civilian town. An area of 2.56 ha was surveyed using

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Poulter, John. "New Discoveries Relating to the Planning of the Antonine Wall in Scotland." Britannia 49 (July 19, 2018): 113–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x18000284.

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AbstractThe importance of long-distance alignments in Roman surveying is increasingly being recognised. It has now been discovered that they were used in setting out the central sectors of the Antonine Wall, but — in contrast to Hadrian's Wall — it appears that they were employed to determine the locations of the military installations along the Wall rather than the line of its rampart and ditch. It also appears that the enigmatic enclosures and expansions which are attached to the rear of the rampart of the Wall only seem to occur in connection with these alignments. A careful analysis of pos

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Dark, Petra. "Hadrian’s Wall in Context: A Multi-Proxy Palaeoenvironmental Perspective from Lakes." Late Antique Archaeology 11, no. 1 (2015): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340056.

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AbstractThe Hadrian’s Wall area has more pollen sequences spanning Late Antiquity than any other part of the British Isles, but most are from peat bogs, posing problems of distinguishing between changes in the local wetland vegetation and events in the wider landscape. Here, an alternative perspective is offered by multi-proxy analyses of sediments from two lakes—Crag Lough and Grindon Lough—adjacent to the central sector of Hadrian’s Wall and the Stanegate, respectively. These demonstrate that at least the central sector of the Hadrianic frontier was constructed in a landscape already shaped

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Gardner, Andrew. "Military Identities in Late Roman Britain." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18, no. 4 (1999): 403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0092.00093.

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Revell, Louise. "Military Bath-houses in Britain — a Comment." Britannia 38 (November 2007): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/000000007784016368.

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Bath-houses are a frequent part of Roman military installations in Britain. This work explores differences in the social meaning of bathing between legionary fortresses and auxiliary forts. It demonstrates variations in the scale of and investment in these facilities between the two groups. It also argues for greater complexity in the legionary bath-houses, with duplication of facilities, and more activities being catered for. A comparison of the proportion of space allocated for bathing and non-bathing activities reveals that the two groups respond to different ideas of what a visit to the ba

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Willems, Willem J. H., T. F. C. Blagg, and A. C. King. "Military and Civilian in Roman Britain. Cultural Relationships in a Frontier Province." American Journal of Archaeology 90, no. 4 (1986): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/506058.

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Becker, Thomas. "Women in Roman forts – lack of knowledge or a social claim?" Archaeological Dialogues 13, no. 1 (2006): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203806261853.

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The classic idea of the Roman army, especially of the legions, is that of a man's world, where discipline and military drill dominate, and where there is no room for women, whatever their social status or function. This idea has been fostered by the picture painted by the antique authors, in which fighting by women is reserved to goddesses (Athena/Minerva) and exceptional personages. The normal female is described as a mother or wife, whose chief occupations were confined to the organization of the household, the up-bringing of the children, spinning and weaving (Marquardt 1975, 58). This role

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Gowland, Rebecca. "Embodied Identities in Roman Britain: A Bioarchaeological Approach." Britannia 48 (April 20, 2017): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x17000125.

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ABSTRACTHuman skeletal remains from Roman Britain are abundant and provide a rich repository of social as well as biological information concerning health, migration, diet and body/society interactions. At present, skeletal remains tend to be marginalised in studies of Roman trade, the military, economy, urbanisation and the like, yet they have huge potential to contribute to current debates. This article aims to highlight the potential of bioarchaeological analysis for understanding aspects of social identity in Roman Britain through the use of a more integrated, theoretical approach towards

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Wilkes, John. "THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF WAR: HOMELAND SECURITY IN THE SOUTH-WEST BALKANS (3RD–6TH C. A.D.)." Late Antique Archaeology 8, no. 2 (2013): 733–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000024a.

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Between the 3rd and 6th c. A.D., external threat and internal stress gave rise to a proliferation of fortifications in the south-west Balkans either side of the Adriatic-Aegean watershed, a region for centuries under the unified administration of Roman Macedonia. Recent studies have identified two phases in this process. The earlier was a centrally-directed programme of new military bases, urban and other fortifications based on the network of Roman roads. The second followed the division between East and West, when the region became an uncontrolled border zone, and many sought safety in forti

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Opreanu, Coriolan Horațiu, and Vlad-Andrei Lăzărescu. "A New Military Diploma Recently Found at Porolissum (Dacia Porolissensis)." Ephemeris Napocensis 30 (February 10, 2021): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/10.33993/ephnap.2020.30.295.

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The authors are presenting a military diploma recently found in the Roman fort at Porolissum (Dacia Porolissensis). It dates from Hadrian’s time and was issued for a soldier from cohors II Augusta Nerviana Pacensis milliaria Brittonum garrisoned in the fort at Buciumi (Sălaj County) on the frontier of Dacia Porolissensis. The document is a more complete copy of a fragmentary one already known. The diploma mentions one cavalry unit and eight infantry troops from the province’s army. The authors discuss the strange order of troops in the new diploma and highlight the accurate mention of the comp

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Philpott, Robert A. "New Evidence from Aerial Reconnaissance for Roman Military Sites in Cheshire." Britannia 29 (1998): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526830.

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Dana, Dan. "A Hitherto Unrecognised Cornovian on a Roman Military Diploma (RMDI, 35)." Britannia 48 (March 6, 2017): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x17000034.

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ABSTRACTA military diploma of 2 Julya.d. 133 (RMDI, 35), first discovered in 1960 but published several times since, has provoked a debate concerning the origin of the discharged soldier, with commentators proposing eitherCoriniumin Britain or theCornacatesin Lower Pannonia. The new reading presented here suggests that the soldier was actually Cornovian, allowing a reassessment of the recruitment ofBrittonesin the Romanauxilia.

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Buiskikh, Alla V., and Maria V. Novichenkova. "The Roman Citadel in Pontic Olbia." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 27, no. 1 (2021): 11–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341387.

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Abstract This article treats the southern part of Pontic Olbia, where in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD internal fortifications were erected. The arrangement of the buildings there has been investigated and the lay-out of the structures excavated over the last forty years has been analysed. Individual finds have been examined and also the extent to which they correspond to the main elements in the material culture of Roman military camps within the European limes, particularly those within the Danubian provinces closest to Olbia. The conclusion has been drawn to the effect that the southern part

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Casella, Eleanor Conlin. "‘Safe’ genders?" Archaeological Dialogues 13, no. 1 (2006): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203806231854.

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As historical archaeology has expanded from its origins in the ‘settler nations’ of the post-colonial world, an increasing number of European scholars have argued for a radical reorientation of the subfield. But if historical archaeology is to be accepted as the ‘archaeology of literate societies’, the profound interdisciplinarity of the subject must be embraced. While the presence of written documents can indeed be a luxury, providing for richer or more personalized interpretations of the past, it can also be a curse, demanding careful attention to the interplay between material and textual s

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Kovács, Péter. "Constantius heros – Notes on the history of Pannonia in the 5th century." Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 71, no. 1 (2020): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/072.2020.00003.

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AbstractIn his paper the author deals with a lost late Roman funerary text, Constantius’ epitaph. Based on the manuscript tradition, the epitaph was probably erected in Rome or more rather at Ravenna. Constantius was an important military commander of Western Rome in the 5th century and he had an important role in the fifth century history of Roman Pannonia as he fought against the Barbarians, most probably the Huns who settled down in Pannonia. The earlier identifications must be rejected but his person – unfortunately – cannot be identified with Flavius Constantius Felix. On the other hand,

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