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Journal articles on the topic 'Romania – Politics and government – 1945-1989'

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1

Butyrska, Iryna. "The Development of Politics and the Economy of Romania in the EU." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 37-38 (December 12, 2018): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.131-139.

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The article proves that an important task of adaptation to new conditions,in which Romania is developing as a full member of the EU,is the "europeanization" of its political and economic spheres,the very mentality of Romanian society.Modern Romania is a state that has radically changed in comparison with that,which in 1989 survived the most turbulent anti-communist revolution in the CEE.Romania has adopted "Europeanism" as a national long-term development project,but ten years after the accession did not convince the partners of the opportunity to enter the Schengen area and protect the extern
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2

Almond, Mark. "Romania since the Revolution." Government and Opposition 25, no. 4 (1990): 484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1990.tb00399.x.

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THE VIOLENCE WHICH MARKED THE OVERTHROW OF Nicolae Ceaugescu's regime at Christmas 1989, and the recurrent disorders, especially in Bucharest, which have punctuated developments over the last nine months, have made Romania's experience of anti-Communist revolution strikingly different from that of its neighbours to the north and to the west. Whatever the political and social tensions emerging in Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland (and whatever may be the GDR's legacy to a reunified Germany), it is unlikely that the charge of neo-communism will be central to their political debate. It is precis
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3

Anghel, Florin. "Proletkult Diplomacy. What About Romania in the Last Minutes of Tsardom 1 and the First of People’s Republic of Bulgaria (1945-1947) Foreign Affairs." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Historia 3, no. 1 (2021): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsh-2021-0007.

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Abstract The Romanian-Bulgarian relations were assigned the role of satellites belonging first to the Axis, and then to U.S.S.R., following the regulation of the territorial statute of South Dobrudja on September 7th 1940, through the Treaty from Craiova. After the Red Army has entered Bulgaria, on September 8th 1944, an unusual fact has intervened between Bucharest and Sofia, from the perspective of Kremlin’s influence, of course: the priority of Bulgarian political, ideological and diplomatic factors over the Romanian ones, unprecedented fact in the history of almost seven decades of the mod
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4

Stan, Lavinia. "Between democracy and putsch? — Censure motions in Romania (1989–2012)." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 48, no. 4 (2015): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2015.09.001.

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Though vilified as instances of “parliamentary putsch,” no-confidence censure motions remain significant constitutional tools through which the opposition can challenge the government in Romania, and publicly underscore its policy ineffectiveness in certain areas of activity. An overview of censure motions debated in the Romanian parliament from 1989 to 2012 reveals that center-left cabinets faced fewer challenges than their centerright counterparts, anti-communist forces were less skilled in articulating criticisms against cabinets, not all adopted motions led to cabinet removal, and motions
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5

Cernat, Lucian. "The Politics of Banking in Romania: Soft Loans, Looting and Cardboard Billionaires." Government and Opposition 39, no. 3 (2004): 451–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00130.x.

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AbstractIn this article attention is focused on the features of the emerging Romanian banking system, its failures, and their determinants. These failures were either politically driven or simply a result of the weak regulatory capacity of the state (as the owner of the banks) and lax monitoring from the central bank, as the central authority entrusted with the responsibility to maintain a well-functioning banking system. The reluctance of various governments, regardless of their political orientation, to apply sanctions against banks that are in trouble until the last possible moment encourag
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6

Roces, Mina. "Kinship Politics in Post-War Philippines: The Lopez Family, 1945–1989." Modern Asian Studies 34, no. 1 (2000): 181–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00003668.

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On being awarded the Legion of Honor by President Corazon Aquino, Joaquin ‘Chino.’ Roces, publisher of The Manila Times, pleaded with the president:Please allow me to remind you, first. That our people brought a new government to power because our people felt an urgent need for change. That change was nothing more and nothing less than that of moving quickly into a new moral order. The people believed, and many of them still do, that when we said we would be the exact opposite of Marcos, we would be just that. Because of that promise which the people believed, our triumph over Marcos was ancho
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7

Chelaru, Valeria. "Tradition, Nationalism and Holocaust Memory: Reassessing Antisemitism in Post-Communist Romania." PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 10, no. 2 (2022): 58–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/10/plural.v10i2_3.

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This article is a re-evaluation of the Holocaust memory in the contemporary Romanian society. It shows that from its inception, Romania’s nation-building process went hand in hand with antisemitism. Furthermore, it points out that after 1989 the country’s sense of frustration at its communist past managed to obscure the memory of the Holocaust. Despite Romania’s government recognition of the country’s involvement in the Holocaust (2004), a wholehearted acknowledgement of the issue remains improbable at the general level of Romania’s society. A new law to counteract Holocaust denial was adopted
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8

Abăseacă, Raluca. "Collective memory and social movements in times of crisis: the case of Romania." Nationalities Papers 46, no. 4 (2018): 671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1379007.

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Social movements are not completely spontaneous. On the contrary, they depend on past events and experiences and are rooted in specific contexts. By focusing on three case studies – the student mobilizations of 2011 and 2013, the anti-government mobilizations of 2012, and the protests against the Rosia Montana Gold Corporation project of 2013 – this article aims to investigate the role of collective memory in post-2011 movements in Romania. The legacy of the past is reflected not only in a return to the symbols and frames of the anti-Communist mobilizations of 1989 and 1990, but also in the di
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9

Lupu, Olguța. "Music Textbooks: Ideologized in Communist Times, Apparently Politics-Free in Post-Decembrist Times." Musicology Today: Journal of the National University of Music Bucharest, no. 54 (November 11, 2023): 105–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.69608/mt.54.03.

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During the period of communism in Romania (1945-1989), the ideologisation of the younger generation was a concerted action, carried out throughout the period of institutionalised education and supported by the establishment of children and youth organisations (the Homeland Hawks, the Pioneers’ Organisation, the Communist Youth Union). In this context, textbooks in pre-university education were one of the forms of ideologising young people, but their degree of politicisation varied, depending on the specifics of each subject. As in all totalitarian movements, music played a very important role
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10

Ban, Cornel. "Sovereign Debt, Austerity, and Regime Change." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 26, no. 4 (2012): 743–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325412465513.

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Historically, high sovereign debt and austerity policies have coincided with regime-changing popular uprisings. Nicolae Ceausescu’s Romania was no exception. Why, when faced with a sovereign debt crisis in the 1980s, did his regime choose to pay its foreign debt as early as possible, at the cost of economic recession and dramatically compressed consumption? How did these choices relate to the regime’s failure to survive the end of the decade? The article argues that while exogenous shocks shattered the economic bases of the regime, it was the ideas with which the regime understood development
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11

Costăchescu, Adriana. "Les soviétismes en roumain et dans les langues romanes." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 1 (2018): 219–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0009.

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AbstractThe article focusses on the fate of Sovietisms in modern Romanian, i.e. the situation of words or phrases borrowed from Russian in the period of Soviet control over Eastern Europe (1945–1989). The borrowings reflect relevant concepts of Soviet-Communist economics, culture, politics and propaganda. Romanian received the largest number of Sovietisms of all Romance languages, mainly because of its close political relationship with the URSS. The use of terms which implicated a critical attitude towards the Soviet-Communist dictatorship (samizdat ‘samizdat’, aparatcic ‘apparatchik’, gulag ‘
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12

Mungiu‐Pippidi, Alina. "The Return of Populism ‐ The 2000 Romanian Elections." Government and Opposition 36, no. 2 (2001): 230–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00063.

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During The Years Immediately Following The Fall Of The Ceausescu regime in 1989, Romania fulfilled the requirements of an ‘electoral democracy’. Free and reasonably fair elections regularly produced parliaments (1990, 1992) and governments dominated by the communist successor parties run by Ion Iliescu, a member of the old nomenklatura. Once elected, these institutions operated in principle within the framework of procedural democracy, but in practice often broke the rules and norms accepted in the West as characteristic of liberal democracy. When this occurred public opinion was either too we
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13

Sondrol, Paul C. "The Emerging New Politics of Liberalizing Paraguay: Sustained Civil-Military Control without Democracy." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 34, no. 2 (1992): 127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/166031.

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The Process of the transition from authoritarianism to more representative forms of government has become a major subject of the scholarship on Latin American politics today (O'Donnell, et al, 1986; Malloy and Seligson, 1987; Stepan, 1989; Diamond et al, 1988-1990; Lowenthal, 1991). Given this interest, as expressed by the growing literature in this area, little attention has been paid to the transition process now going on in Paraguay, which is now emerging from one of Latin America's most long-standing authoritarian regimes.A number of studies testify to the authoritarian nature of Paraguay'
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14

Trachtenberg, Marc. "The United States and Eastern Europe in 1945: A Reassessment." Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 4 (2008): 94–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.4.94.

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This article reassesses U.S. Cold War policy in 1945, with particular emphasis on Eastern Europe. The article considers how the U.S. government proposed to deal with the Soviet Union in the postwar period more generally. The article looks closely at U.S. policy toward Poland and toward Romania and Bulgaria and sets these policies into context in order to determine whether U.S. leaders had “written off” the East European countries by the end of the year, consigning them to a Soviet sphere of influence. The article traces the strategic concept underlying U.S policy and analyzes key aspects of Se
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15

Fatalski, Marcin. "Foreign Policy of the Polish People’s Republic on Mexico 1945-1989." Ad Americam 19 (February 8, 2019): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/adamericam.19.2018.19.04.

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In the period between 1945-1989, Polish-Mexican relations were determined by the Cold War rivalry. Poland remained in the Soviet sphere of influence and its sovereignty was limited by Moscow. Although controlled by the Kremlin, Poland had its own initiatives in foreign policy. Warsaw considered Mexico to be the most important partner in Latin America (not to mention the communist ally, Castro of Cuba), thus Polish diplomacy made many efforts to strengthen mutual political, cultural and economic relations. Mexico, with its independent foreign policy, progressive state ideology and tremendous ma
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16

Almási, Zsolt, Krystyna Kujawińska Courtney, Mădălina Nicolaescu, Klára Škrobánková, Ema Vyroubalova, and Oana-Alis Zaharia. "Politics, Shakespeare, East-Central Europe: Theatrical Border Crossings." Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 28, no. 43 (2023): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-8530.28.03.

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This essay discusses how productions of Shakespeare’s plays that transcend various geographical, national, and linguistic boundaries have influenced the theatrical-political discourse in East-Central Europe in the twenty-first century. It focuses primarily on the work of four internationally-established directors: Andrei Şerban (Romania), Jan Klata (Poland), David Jařab (Czech Republic), and Matei Vișniec (Romania), whose works have facilitated interregional cultural exchange, promoting artistic innovation and experimentation in the region and beyond. Among the boundary-crossing productions an
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17

Tarlea, Silvana. "Low- and High-Skills Equilibria in Central and Eastern Europe: What Role for the Government?" East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 33, no. 1 (2018): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325418777059.

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What determines the incentives of governments and businesses to invest in skills needed for higher value-added activities? While many factors matter, this article focuses on the motivations and the role of political parties in government. A policy analysis in Poland and Romania between 1989 and 2015, shows how governments can determine a change in the supply of skills even in relatively new democracies. We tackle the variation in the supply of sophisticated skills in the two countries and find that, unlike governments dominated by national-conservative parties, governments dominated by liberal
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18

Oates-Indruchová, Libora, and Muriel Blaive. "Introduction: Border communities: microstudies on everyday life, politics and memory in European Societies from 1945 to the present." Nationalities Papers 42, no. 2 (2014): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2014.891339.

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The 1989/1991 demise of European communist regimes created a powerful impulse for the investigation of memory cultures at Cold War borders and, subsequently, for reflections on the creation of new European border regimes. The four studies included in this special section investigate these two processes on a micro level of their dynamics in new and old borderlands from the perspectives of history, anthropology and political science. At the same time, they explore the relations between the everyday life experience of borderland communities and larger historical and political processes, sometimes
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19

Tanjung, Zulkifli. "History of the Development of Islamic Education in Indonesia (A Case Study of Old Order and New Order Governments (1945-1998)." AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan 14, no. 4 (2022): 4765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i4.2610.

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The development of Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia has undergone the different developments in accordance with the period of government politics. The old order era and the new order era, for example, have their own dynamics of development. This study analyzes the development of Islamic education that occurred during the Old Order and the New Order governments (1945-1998). This research uses a historical approach which is based on literature study. Library research is a method of collecting data and information; from books, magazines, documents, journals, history books, and others
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20

Boyko, Ihor. "LIFE PATH, SCIENTIFIC-PEDAGOGICAL AND PUBLIC ACTIVITY OF VOLODYMYR SOKURENKO (TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 72, no. 72 (2021): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2021.72.158.

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The life path, scientific-pedagogical and public activity of Volodymyr Sokurenko – a prominent Ukrainian jurist, doctor of law, professor, talented teacher of the Lviv Law School of Franko University are analyzed. It is found out that after graduating from a seven-year school in Zaporizhia, V. Sokurenko entered the Zaporizhia Aviation Technical School, where he studied two courses until 1937. 1/10/1937 he was enrolled as a cadet of the 2nd school of aircraft technicians named after All-Union Lenin Komsomol. In 1938, this school was renamed the Volga Military Aviation School, which he graduated
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21

Lutfi, Mustafa, and Aditya Prastian Supriyadi. "Politik Hukum Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional Akibat Pandemi Covid-19 Perspektif Konstitusi Ekonomi." De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar'iah 13, no. 2 (2021): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v13i2.10384.

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Abstract :The Covid-19 pandemic has slowed the pace of economic growth in Indonesia. As a result, several business sectors in the community experienced a decline, so the state issued a legal policy to take steps to resolve it. Legal politics as a form of government policy in an effort to restore the national economy is a necessity. This article uses a type of normative juridical research method, with a statutory and conceptual approach, legal materials (primary, secondary, tertiary) are analyzed using the content analysis method. This article shows and emphasizes the urgency of the government'
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22

McGlynn, Sean, R. A. W. Rhodes, Geoffrey K. Roberts, et al. "Book Reviews: The McFarlane Legacy: Studies in Late Medieval Politics and Society (The Fifteenth Century Series No. 1), Crown, Government and People in the Fifteenth Century (The Fifteenth Century Series No. 2), Courts, Counties and the Capital in the Later Middle Ages (The Fifteenth Century Series No. 4), The Treasury and Whitehall: The Planning and Control of Public Expenditure, 1976–1993, Das Wiedervereinigte Deutschland: Zwischenbilanz und Perspektiven, Unifyng Germany 1989–1990, Uniting Germany: Actions and Reactions, behind the Wall: The Inner Life of Communist Germany, The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945–1949, Origins of a Spontaneous Revolution: East Germany, 1989, Intellectuals, Socialism and Dissent. The East German Opposition and its Legacy, The Rotten Heart of Europe: The Dirty War for Europe's Money, Muslim Politics, Muslim Communities Re-Emerge: Historical Perspectives on Nationality, Politics, and Opposition in the Former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, The Politics of Pan-Islam: Ideology and Organization, The Crisis of the Italian State: From the Origins of the Cold War to the Fall of Berlusconi, The End of Post-War Politics in Italy: The Landmark 1992 Elections, beyond Confrontation: Learning Conflict Resolution in the Post-Cold War Era, Care, Gender, and Justice, Nationalisms: The Nation-State and Nationalism in the Twentieth Century, Nationalism and Postcommunism: A Collection of Essays, Notions of Nationalism, on the Limits of the Law: The Ironic Legacy of Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act." Political Studies 45, no. 4 (1997): 790–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00113.

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23

Sakwa, Richard, Jonathan Seglow, Neill Nugent, et al. "Book Review: Religion, State and Politics in the Soviet Union and Successor States, Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution, Russia in Search of its Future, Our Politics, Our Selves? Liberalism, Identity, and Harm, towards the Single Currency: The Intergovernmental Conference of the European Union, 1996, The European House of Cards: Towards a United States of Europe?, The Community of Europe: A History of European Integration since 1945, The New Ecological Order, Green Hopes: The Future of Political Ecology, Farewell, Revolution: The Historians' Feud — France, 1789/1989, Farewell, Revolution: Disputed Legacies — France, 1789/1989, on Nationality, The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: Colonies, Commerce, and Constitutional Law — Rid Yourselves of Ultramaria and other Writings on Spain and Spanish America, The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham: An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. An Authoritative Edition with a New Introduction by F. Rosen and an Interpretive Essay by H. L. A. Hart, Isolationism Reconfigured: American Foreign Policy for a New Century, Balancing State Intervention: The Limits of Transatlantic Markets, Public Management and Administration: An Introduction, Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector, Public Entrepreneurs: Agents for Change in American Government, The Reluctant Modernism of Hannah Arendt, Hannah Arendt and the Jewish Question, Arendt and Heidegger: The Fate of the Political, Free Public Reason: Making it up as We Go, Social Capitalism: A Study of Christian Democracy and the Welfare State, The Politics of Presence, The Decline of Communism in China: Legitimacy Crisis, 1977–1989, Autocratic Tradition and Chinese Politics, Governing China: From Revolution through Reform, The Socialist Tradition: From Crisis to Decline, Bringing Transnational Relations Back in: Non-State Actors, Domestic Structures and International Institutions, Cooperation among Democracies: The European Influence on US Foreign Policy." Political Studies 45, no. 1 (1997): 118–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00075.

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24

Haliliuc, Alina. "Walking into Democratic Citizenship: Anti-Corruption Protests in Romania’s Capital." M/C Journal 21, no. 4 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.1448.

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IntroductionFor over five years, Romanians have been using their bodies in public spaces to challenge politicians’ disregard for the average citizen. In a region low in standards of civic engagement, such as voter turnout and petition signing, Romanian people’s “citizenship of the streets” has stopped environmentally destructive mining in 2013, ousted a corrupt cabinet in 2015, and blocked legislation legalising abuse of public office in 2017 (Solnit 214). This article explores the democratic affordances of collective resistive walking, by focusing on Romania’s capital, Bucharest. I illustrate
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25

MUREȘAN, Marius. "The Restoration of the Monarchy: A Topic of the Romanian Presidential Elections of 1990, 1992, and 1996." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia, April 3, 2025, 45–77. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbhist.2024.1.04.

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Following the anti-communist revolution in Romania in December 1989, the newly-established government was preoccupied with facilitating an expeditious institutional transition and securing public legitimacy. Consequently, the inaugural elections were scheduled to take place within a mere six months following the collapse of the communist regime. The 1990 election campaign included debates about the economic model that the country should adopt, the orientation of foreign policy, and so forth. However, it also encompassed related themes, which were proposed mainly by the neo-communist power. The
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26

McNair, Brian. "Vote!" M/C Journal 10, no. 6 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2714.

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 The twentieth was, from one perspective, the democratic century — a span of one hundred years which began with no fully functioning democracies in existence anywhere on the planet (if one defines democracy as a political system in which there is both universal suffrage and competitive elections), and ended with 120 countries out of 192 classified by the Freedom House think tank as ‘democratic’. There are of course still many societies where democracy is denied or effectively neutered — the remaining outposts of state socialism, such as China, Cuba, and North Korea; most if
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McNair, Brian. "Vote!" M/C Journal 11, no. 1 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.21.

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The twentieth was, from one perspective, the democratic century — a span of one hundred years which began with no fully functioning democracies in existence anywhere on the planet (if one defines democracy as a political system in which there is both universal suffrage and competitive elections), and ended with 120 countries out of 192 classified by the Freedom House think tank as ‘democratic’. There are of course still many societies where democracy is denied or effectively neutered — the remaining outposts of state socialism, such as China, Cuba, and North Korea; most if not all of the Islam
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28

Burns, Alex. "The Worldflash of a Coming Future." M/C Journal 6, no. 2 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2168.

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History is not over and that includes media history. Jay Rosen (Zelizer & Allan 33) The media in their reporting on terrorism tend to be judgmental, inflammatory, and sensationalistic. — Susan D. Moeller (169) In short, we are directed in time, and our relation to the future is different than our relation to the past. All our questions are conditioned by this asymmetry, and all our answers to these questions are equally conditioned by it. Norbert Wiener (44) The Clash of Geopolitical Pundits America’s geo-strategic engagement with the world underwent a dramatic shift in the decade after th
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