Academic literature on the topic 'Romanies – nazi persecution – france'
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Journal articles on the topic "Romanies – nazi persecution – france"
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Lie, Siv B., and Ioanida Costache. "Staging Genocide: Theatrical Remembering of the Romani Holocaust." European History Quarterly 52, no. 4 (2022): 677–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914221097602.
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This article explores performance-centred efforts to remediate the erasure of Romanies from public Holocaust narratives. First, the French play Samudaripen uses aesthetic strategies that emphasize themes of violence and rupture in order to evoke the brutality of Romani persecution under Nazi and Vichy regimes. With its performative elisions between Romani experiences in internment camps in France and concentration camps abroad, Samudaripen connects both historically-specific and fictionalized instances of Romani trauma to broader patterns of anti-Romani persecution past and present. Second, the Romanian-Romani language theatre piece Kali Traš (‘Black Fear’) relays the story of the Romani deportations to camps in Romania in the region of Transnistria under the rule of Romanian fascist dictator Ion Antonescu. Kali Traš pushes back against the silencing of the Romani genocide by reinvigorating the counter-history of the Romani Holocaust in both informative and affectively compelling ways. Each play proclaims Romani agency in commemorative contexts through its narrative and aesthetic strategies. This article shows how Romani artists have engaged in public-facing projects that criticize mainstream Holocaust historiographies and anti-Romani racism more broadly, assessing the extent to which such works constitute valuable additions to Romani struggles for recognition and reparations.
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Joly, Laurent. "The Parisian Police and the Holocaust: Control, Round-ups, Hunt, 1940–4." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (2019): 557–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419839774.
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Slightly more than half of the 74,150 Jews deported from France between 1942 and 1944 were arrested in Paris and its close suburbs. For the large majority of these 38,500 men, women, and children, their arrest was carried out by ordinary policemen belonging to the Paris Police Prefecture. The objective of this article is to propose a complete and synthetic analysis of the role of this institution and its agents in the Holocaust. In Paris, unlike anywhere else in Europe, the implementation of the ‘final solution’ was entrusted to the traditional administration. These police officers were competent and knew perfectly the environment of the persecution. But, generally speaking, they were not anti-Semite activists, they did not like the Germans, and, more importantly, they acted according to their own institutional logic. So, the French's repressive system did not automatically feed the Nazi machine of destruction. It is this complexity of the machine of persecution in occupied France which explains, in many respects, the toll of the Holocaust in France, and, more specifically, in the Paris region.
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LAGROU, PIETER. "The politics of memory. Resistance as a collective myth in post-war France, Belgium and the Netherlands, 1945–1965." European Review 11, no. 4 (2003): 527–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000474.
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France, Belgium and the Netherlands faced the same fundamental challenge in 1945. In spite of differences in institutional setting, chronology or demography, their experience of Nazi occupation had been traumatizing and humiliating. Their national reconstruction required a self-confident image of the recent past. Nonetheless, the contours of the policies of memory pursued in the three countries diverged in a striking measure. In the Netherlands, post-war governments deliberately constructed a forced national consensus around the myth of a unanimous resistance, at the expense of veterans’ movements and all forms of associative memory. However, the latter dominated the commemorations in France and Belgium, continuing a post-1918 tradition. The conflicts between different categories of war veterans and victims and between different political families characterized the conflicting memories in these two countries. Rather than a monolithic resistance myth, different memories of Nazi persecution were rivals for public attention. In France, neither de Gaulle nor the Communist party succeeded in monopolizing the heroic legacy of the resistance. In Belgium, the Royal question, the left–right divide and subsequently the regional tensions between French and Dutch speakers, estranged part of opinion from the memory of the resistance and even ended up favouring, in some quarters, the rehabilitation of collaboration with the Nazi occupier.
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Zeidman, Lawrence A., Matthias Georg Ziller, and Michael Shevell. "Ilya Mark Scheinker: Controversial Neuroscientist and Refugee From National Socialist Europe." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, no. 2 (2016): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.359.
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AbstractRussian-born, Vienna-trained neurologist and neuropathologist Ilya Mark Scheinker collaborated with Josef Gerstmann and Ernst Sträussler in 1936 to describe the familial prion disorder now known as Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. Because of Nazi persecution following the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany, Scheinker fled from Vienna to Paris, then after the German invasion of France, to New York. With the help of neurologist Tracy Putnam, Scheinker ended up at the University of Cincinnati, although his position was never guaranteed. He more than doubled his prior publications in America, and authored three landmark neuropathology textbooks. Despite his publications, he was denied tenure and had difficulty professionally in the Midwest because of prejudice against his European mannerisms. He moved back to New York for personal reasons in 1952, dying prematurely just 2 years later. Scheinker was twice uprooted, but persevered and eventually found some success as a refugee.
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Astell, Ann W. "Artful Dogma: The Immaculate Conception and Franz Werfel's Song of Bernadette." Christianity & Literature 62, no. 1 (2012): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833311206200102.
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An international bestseller when it first appeared in 1941 and the inspiration for an Academy-award winning film, Franz Werfel's historical novel The Song of Bernadette has received surprisingly little critical attention. Written against the background of the Nazi persecution of the Jews, the Song chronicles the Marian apparitions at Lourdes, France, in 1858 and the life of the young visionary, Bernadette Soubirous. A once-celebrated émigré writer, Werfel identified himself as both Jewish and Christian. His Song of Bernadette deserves recognition not only as a masterpiece of realistic hagiography, but also as a complex philosophical and theological commentary on modernism and Judeo-Christianity.
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Olivier, Laurent. "L'archélolgie française et le Régime de Vichy (1940–1944)." European Journal of Archaeology 1, no. 2 (1998): 241–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.1998.1.2.241.
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For four years (1940–1944) after its defeat by the Third Reich, France was ruled by an anti-republican government whose active collaboration with the Nazis made a major contribution to the persecution and extermination of the Jews. Through the ‘National Revolution’, the Vichy regime developed an ideology opposed to democracy and republican roots and sought to re-invent its national origins as a justification for Pétainism. Thus, the Gallic past and archaeology in general played an important role in this new ideology by assimilating the defeat of the Gauls by Caesar to that of the French by the Nazis and by then comparing the successful incorporation of Gaul into the Roman Empire with that of France into a ‘new Europe’ dominated by Nazi Germany. At the same time, the Vichy regime provided French archaeology with its first legal and administrative structure, which allowed the development of the discipline. This legislative and administrative framework was preserved intact not only until the liberation but right up to the present day. It is the permanence of this structure which creates the problem of the relationship between current French archaeology and the Vichy regime.
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Steinberg, Swen. "On Austrian Refugee Children: Agency, Experience, and Knowledge in Ernst Papanek's “Preliminary Study” from 1943." Journal of Austrian-American History 4, no. 1 (2020): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.1.0111.
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Abstract In 1943 Viennese refugee pedagogue Ernst Papanek turned in his master's thesis, “On Refugee Children: A Preliminary Study,” for the New York School of Social Work at Columbia University. Particularly interested in their role in processes of knowledge translation and transfers, he circulated questionnaires among refugee children he had rescued from France to the United States. Through his thesis he gave the children a voice and depicted their agency. This article contextualizes Papanek's approach to the relief efforts in the United States in the early 1940s. Focusing especially on the responses of Austrian refugee children in the questionnaires, it uncovers aspects of the young people's experiential knowledge and how they were further explored in a follow-up study on Papanek's research from 1947. The article draws on recent approaches in migration studies that look at the intersection of knowledge and the experiences of young migrants, underlining its potential in research for unaccompanied minors and young refugees from Nazi persecution.
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Iordache Cârstea, Luiza. "Españoles tras las alambradas. Republicanos en los campos franceses, nazis y soviéticos (1939-1956) = Spaniards behind Barbed Wire. Republicans in the French, Nazi and Soviet camps (1939-1956)." HISPANIA NOVA. Primera Revista de Historia Contemporánea on-line en castellano. Segunda Época, April 25, 2019, 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/hn.2019.4720.
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Resumen: En un destino común, muchos republicanos españoles fueron víctimas de políticas de rechazo, exclusión, persecución, violencia y castigo en calidad de extranjeros «indeseables», «opositores», «rojos», «enemigos» o candidatos a serlo en regímenes democráticos y «totalitarios», concretamente en la Tercera República francesa, la Alemania nazi y la URSS estalinista. Como consecuencia de esas políticas, además de las coyunturas europeas y los contextos políticos, sociales y económicos de aquellos países, miles y miles de españoles fueron internados, deportados y recluidos en campos franceses, nazis y soviéticos. Partiendo de la experiencia compartida del exilio y del internamiento, el presente texto analiza el vía crucis de los españoles en aquellos sistemas concentracionarios y refleja las características comunes y singulares de esos desde una perspectiva comparada. Palabras clave: Exilio, campos de concentración, Francia, Alemania, URSS.Abstract: In a common destiny, many Spanish Republicans were victims of policies of rejection, exclusion, persecution, violence and punishment as «undesirable» foreigners, «opponents», «reds», «enemies» or candidates to be in democratic regimes and «totalitarian» ones, specifically in the Third French Republic, Nazi Germany and the USSR under Stalin. As a result of these policies, besides the European circumstances and the political, social and economic context of those countries, thousand and thousand Spaniards were interned, deported and detained in French, Nazi and Soviet camps. Based on the shared experience of exile and internment, the article analyzes the vía crucis of the Spaniards in those concentracionary systems and reflects the common and unique characteristics of those from a comparative approach. Keywords: Exile, concentration camps, France, Third Reich, USSR.
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Valanzola, Ashley. "Era of the Female Witness: Jewish Women and the Trial of Klaus Barbie." Holocaust and Genocide Studies, June 21, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcae020.
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Abstract In May 1987, Sabine Zlatin and Simone Lagrange became household names in France after they testified against the infamous Nazi Klaus Barbie, “the Butcher of Lyon,” during his trial for crimes against humanity. On the witness stand, Zlatin’s testimony revealed her perseverance as a Polish-Jewish immigrant involved extensively in wartime rescue and resistance. Meanwhile, Lagrange shared her encounters as a thirteen-year-old Jewish girl whom Klaus Barbie tortured. Throughout Barbie’s trial, national and international media outlets reported frequently on Zlatin and Lagrange’s wartime and postwar lives. The enormous media attention the trial received made it a crucial event during the resurgence of Holocaust memory in France, yet what made this trial unique regarding the role of Jewish women as witnesses was its timing in the aftermath of the women’s rights movement. The feminist movement allowed people to better understand the gendered nature of Zlatin and Lagrange’s testimonies and recognize their persecution and perseverance as women during and after the war. Going forward, the centrality of experiences shared by women shaped how the trial would be remembered, and arguably even influenced a greater consideration of crimes against women within the statutes for crimes against humanity.
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Adams, Jacqueline. "Why Jewish Refugees Were Imprisoned in a Spanish Detention Camp While Fleeing Europe (1940–1945)." Journal of Modern European History, December 8, 2022, 161189442211304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130464.
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One route out of continental Europe for Jewish refugees seeking to escape Nazi and Vichy persecution was via Franco’s Spain. Yet hundreds of these refugees were imprisoned soon after arriving in the country. From prison, men of military age tended to be sent to a detention camp for weeks, months or up to three years. This camp was known as the ‘Campo de Concentración de Miranda de Ebro’, and conditions in it were harsh. Why were Jewish men sent there? They were interned in the camp because senior Spanish officials created a series of policies that spelt out what officials and officers should do with different categories of foreigners who had entered the country without all the necessary documents. These policies did not target Jews. They were influenced by large population movements within France and from France into Spain; by the pro-Axis and pro-Allies leanings of senior officials; and by pressure that the British, American and German ambassadors in Madrid put on the Spanish government. Between September 1940 and January 1943, the policy determined that provincial governors were responsible for deciding what to do with newly arrived foreigners. Provincial governors’ membership in the Falange, a Germanophile party, may have influenced their decisions. While interned in the camp, many Jewish refugees saw their visas to their final destinations and boat tickets out of Europe expire, and they endured hunger, illness, separation from their family and other conditions that were detrimental to their health.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Romanies – nazi persecution – france"
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GOODWIN, Morag. "The Romani claim to non-territorial nationhood : taking legitimacy-based claims seriously in international law." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6362.
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Defence date: 3 July 2006<br>Examining Board: Prof. Neil Walker (Supervisor, European University Institute) ; Prof. Michael Keating (European University Institute) ; Prof. James Tully (University of Victoria) ; Mr. Stephen Tierney (University of Edinburgh)<br>First made available online on 14 May 2018<br>This thesis does not, however, take Catholics or English Asians as its focus, but the most disadvantaged and marginalised group in Europe: the Roma. The daily discrimination and violence Roma face in Europe and beyond is well-documented. It is not, however, the subject of consideration here. Rather, it is the claim of the Romani movement that the globally scattered groups of Roma constitute a nonterritorial nation that is the subject of this thesis. I first encountered the claim to nonterritorial nationhood in a document submitted as part of the Romani delegation to the 2001 World Conference Against Racism. The incongruence of this claim with the centrality of territory to political organisation and, consequently, to international law was striking. Yet, enquires made with my colleagues and with a wider circle of Romani leaders about the nature of this claim elicited confusing answers. This thesis project began, therefore, with the simple aim of understanding the claim itself: what was being asked for? How was a non-territorial nation to be understood? What was the claim intended to gain for those in whose name it was being made? In addition to questions internal to the nature of this particular claim, the second aim of this research was to take an external perspective. I wanted to understand how such a claim would be received: to whom was the claim being made? What consequences flowed, or could flow, from the status of being a non-territorial nation?
Books on the topic "Romanies – nazi persecution – france"
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1969-, Hubert Marie-Christine, and Philippon Emmanuel, eds. Les Tsiganes en France, 1939-1946. CNRS éditions, 1994.
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Filhol, Emmanuel. La mémoire et l'oubli, l'internement des Tsiganes en France, 1940-1946. Centre de recherches tsiganes, 2004.
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Fondation pour la mémoire de la Shoah, ed. Les enfants dans la Shoah: La déportation des enfants juifs et tsiganes de France. Les Éditions de Paris Max Chaleil, 2013.
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1969-, Hubert Marie-Christine, ed. Les Tsiganes en France: Un sort à part (1939-1946). Perrin, 2009.
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1969-, Hubert Marie-Christine, ed. Les Tsiganes en France: Un sort à part (1939-1946). Perrin, 2009.
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Katz, Katalin. Visszafojtott emlékezet: A magyarországi romák holokauszttörténetéhez. Pont, 2005.
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Tuckermann, Anja. Denk nicht, wir bleiben hier!: Die Lebensgeschichte des Sinto Hugo Höllenreiner. C. Hanser, 2005.
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László, Karsai. A cigánykérdés Magyarországon, 1919-1945: Út a cigány Holocausthoz. Cserépfalvi, 1992.
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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum., ed. Sinti & Roma. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Romanies – nazi persecution – france"
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Baruch, Marc Olivier. "CHAPTER 11 PERPETRATOR NETWORKS AND THE HOLOCAUST: THE SPOLIATION OF JEWISH PROPERTY IN FRANCE, 1940–1944." In Networks of Nazi Persecution. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780857457073-014.
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Fogg, Shannon L. "Chapter 1 Assimilation and Persecution: An Overview of Attitudes toward Gypsies in France." In The Nazi Genocide of the Roma. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780857458438-003.
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Campbell, Elizabeth. "Nazi Art Plunder in Western Europe." In Museum Worthy. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190051983.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of Nazi looting operations in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, illustrating differences in occupation institutions, German and collaborationist antisemitic persecution, and the extent of cultural plunder. Despite contrasting trends and circumstances, the Nazis and their agents employed similar plundering mechanisms in the three countries. They drew on existing bureaucracies to seize items from Jewish homes, galleries, bank vaults, and repositories, and dominated a booming art market. While benefiting from a skewed exchange rate favoring the Third Reich, they amassed works at crowded auction houses in Paris, Brussels, and Amsterdam, and they pursued private sales with varying degrees of coercion, using thinly veiled threats to persuade more reluctant sellers.
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Brinkmann, Tobias. "A Not So Typical Journey." In Between Borders. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197655658.003.0009.
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Abstract The repeated moves of art historian Rachel Wischnitzer and her husband, historian and aid worker Mark Wischnitzer, show how closely the story of Jewish migrations was interwoven with the personal journeys of the men and women who tried to make sense of this subject. Rachel, a pioneering architect and art historian, became a crucial figure in the literary art scene of Berlin during the 1920s. Mark served as executive director of the main German Jewish aid association and helped a large number of Eastern European and, after 1933, German Jews to emigrate. Both were displaced repeatedly, in the aftermath of the First World War and again in 1939–1940 when they fled France. In the 1940s Mark Wischnitzer turned to the subject of Jewish migration history, publishing an extensive survey of Jewish migrations that reflected his experience as an aid worker and refugee from Nazi persecution.
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Truskolaski, Sebastian. "Benjamin, Walter (1892–1940)." In Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-dc089-2.
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Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was an influential German intellectual, whose activity spanned the late years of the German empire and the volatile Weimar period, culminating in a tragic suicide at Portbou while fleeing from Nazi persecution. Born into an assimilated Jewish family in Berlin, Benjamin’s prismatic writings straddle diverse fields, including philosophy, art and literary criticism; however, they also mark significant forays into broadcasting, travel-writing, and translation. Although Benjamin remained relatively unknown to a wider public during his lifetime, his influence can be discerned in Frankfurt School critical theory, as well as in his correspondences with leading cultural figures of the day: from Hugo von Hofmannsthal to Hannah Arendt and Bertolt Brecht. Benjamin’s work has been widely studied since the first posthumous publication of his selected writings by Theodor W. Adorno in 1955, laying the foundations for more comprehensive editions in subsequent decades. Since then, a voluminous secondary literature on Benjamin has appeared, including important works by a diverse range of thinkers from Carl Schmitt, to Paul de Man, and Judith Butler. Today, Benjamin is perhaps best-known for his literary studies on Goethe, Kafka, and Baudelaire, in addition to the seminal essays of his ‘anthropological’ turn, above all his piece on ‘The Work of Art in the Age of its Technical Reproducibility’ (1936). Benjamin’s oeuvre is often seen as falling into two periods: an early theological-metaphysical phase, culminating in his ill-fated Habilitation,1Origin of the German Trauerspiel (1925), and a later Marxist-materialist phase, exemplified by his unfinished ur-history of modernity, The Arcades Project (c.1927–40). Indeed, Benjamin’s Habilitation, which was rejected by the University of Frankfurt in 1925, marks the end of his sustained efforts to secure an academic position, and an increase in the production of more occasional writings – many of them produced under considerable material pressures during his years of exile in France, Spain, and Denmark. Moreover, Benjamin’s writings from the mid-1920s onwards often assume startling experimental forms that set them apart from some of his earlier, more pointedly academic production. This is true, for instance, of his philosophical autobiography Berlin Childhood Around 1900 (c.1933–38), or his great work of modernist montage, One-Way Street (1928). However, despite Benjamin’s self-characterization as an author who is ‘always radical’ but ‘never consistent’ (GB 3, 159),2 the theoretical antitheses that this periodization implies tend to cover over important continuities in his thinking. This concerns, not least, his persistent efforts to recast ‘the relationship of a truth to history’ (C, 135–6), as he puts it in a letter to Ernst Schoen. One way of capturing this dimension of Benjamin’s thought is by considering his objections to the perceived strictures of a narrowly defined concept of experience that Benjamin identifies, in part, with Immanuel Kant. This form of experience (Erlebnis as opposed to Erfahrung) is supposed to entail an unsustainable dualism between subjects and objects of cognition – a relation that, in turn, plays out in a homogeneous, empty flow of time. Accordingly, Benjamin is consistent in his attempts to rescue the ‘integrity of an experience that is ephemeral’ (SW 1, 100), as he puts it in his 1918 essay ‘On the Programme of the Coming Philosophy’. This includes a focus on linguistic, religious, and emphatically historical experiences, which interweave in complicated and productive ways throughout Benjamin’s fragmentary writings.