Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rome. Militaires romains'
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Richier, Olivier. "Centuriones ad Rhenum : les centurions légionnaires des armées romaines du Rhin /." Paris : [Nancy] : De Boccard ; Université Nancy 2, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39919190m.
Full textOtt, Joachim. "Die Beneficiarier : Untersuchungen zu ihrer Stellung innerhalb der Rangordnung des römischen Heeres und zu ihrer Funktion /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35811453k.
Full textHelali, Arbia. "Les soldats de l'armée romaine d'Afrique : mentalités et vie religieuse." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100017.
Full textIn this work, we have tried to study the religious habits of the soldiers of Africa during the Roman Empire. This study is made up of two volumes. The first one is a synthesis, whereas the second one deals with the 311 religious inscriptions that make up the catalogue. It was necessary to rebuild the background in which the soldiers lived as well as the geography and the chronology of their every day religious rites in order to define the different categories of soldiers and the bounds that linked them to the gods. This allowed us to define our approach and to specify what the relationship between the soldiers and the gods was. Our synthesis is divided into two parts. The first one mainly deals with the study of the cults that were proper to the military community of Africa on the one hand and with the cultural sites on the other hand. The second part is concerned with the people who expressed their piety, from officers to privates and veterans as well as to the particular case of Christian soldiers. .
Popescu, Mihai Florian. "La religion dans l'armée romaine de Dacie /." Bucarest : Éd. de l'Académie roumaine, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399768577.
Full textMention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : The @religion in the Roman army in Dacia. Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Religia în armata română din Dacia. Bibliogr. p. 347-362. Index.
Faure, Patrice. "Les centurions légionnaires dans l'Empire des Sévères (193-235 ap. J. -C. )." Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29024.
Full textThe study concern is with centurionsidentity within the legionary community and the Roman society under the Severi. The first three chapters consider centurions' position in the institutional structures and the emperor's service. In a Severan army laden with legacy but still able to adapt, office and career evolve without upheaval. Centurions were commanders, fighters, administrators and policemen. Despite crises and some exceptional rises, they loyally served the dynasty, without playing a leading part in politics. The last two chapters, both a social and anthropological approach, deal with centurions in the military community and present their uses, behaviours, values and beliefs. Their social identity seems to lie on the fact they have the same duties, they share the same prerogatives and on the existence of peculiar military symbols and rituals, when the body is highly heterogeneous (cursus, language, culture and literacy, ethnic and social origins…). The way they perceive themselves and the way they are perceived vary, although centurionate and primipilate remain prestigious ranks that lead up to social mobility. The prosopographical analysis, completed by a wide range of sources (iconography, archaeology, legal compilations…), is based on a mostly epigraphic and papyrological sourcebook that gathers 364 Severan centurions with a detailed examination of each document
Richier, Olivier. "Centuriones ad Rhenum : les centurions légionnaires des armées romaines du Rhin." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN21015.
Full textThe thesis of doctorate has been constructed about three large parts : the criticism of the sources, the album of th four hundred and nine centurions' notices and military and social study. The junior officers' corps that were making up the legionariy centurions who have been in command of a " centuria " in the Rhine's roman armies is full of contrast and similarities : heterogeneous by their careers as well below the centurionate as after this latter, their social origins or their marriages, it is homogeneous by the convergence of their social behaviours and their mentalities witch a very long service was ending up moulding. The study of the conditions of the service shows that the soldiers were drafted usually young and maintained in office up to ages often advanced. The transfers, with a more or less high frequency from period to period, were a characteristic of the rank. The attributions of the latter went beyound the functions of a centuria's commander and the tasks of maintenance of law and order as those of engineering or the officering of other types of units moved often away the centurions from the camp
Kemmers, Fleur. "Coins for a legion : an analysis of the coin finds of the Augustan legionary fortress and Flavian canabae legions at Nijmegen /." [S.l. : s.n], 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40055926w.
Full textPopescu, Mihai-Florian. "La religion dans l'armée romaine de Dacie." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040255.
Full textThe religious fact is a constant phenomenon in the military world of imperial Rome. It was essential for the troops participating in the annexation of Dacia. The period between the fall of Decebalus' kingdom besieged by Trajanus and the withdrawal decided by Aurelianus allows us to identify the evolution of religious beliefs which can be recorded on the scale of the Empire within the framework of regional history. This reconstruction is possible thanks to hundreds of epigraphic and archeological testimonies, but also thanks to iconographical, numismatic and literary testimonies. The team spirit, one's identity and loyalty towards hierarchy were constantly strengthened through official ceremonies in which the military units, their commanders and their soldiers took part inside the camps. The individuals also worshipped many other Roman or foreign gods in their on camp barracks or in the off camp sanctuaries. Their piety was due to the concerns for their preservation, good health and protection. The outstanding richness and variety of the worship forms displayed by the army stationed in the north of Danube can be explained by their very diverse origins and its exceptional capacity of assimilation
Cadiou, François. "Les armées romaines dans la péninsule ibérique : de la seconde guerre punique à la bataille de Munda : 218-45 av.J.C." Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20008.
Full text@During the last two centuries BC, the constant wars led by Rome in the Iberian peninsula have played an important part in the process which spread the Roman hegemony over the whole Mediterranean world. Those long and difficult wars are said to have contributed to the weakness of the republican system by destabilizing the traditional military recruitment and by revealing the limits of the republican conception of warfare and combat. On the contrary, the author shows in his work that the republican armies constituted a flexible organization and a complex instrument capable of adapting themselves to the very conditions on the spot. Those assets seemed all the more important to estimate the military effort imposed on the Roman city by those wars that the fragmentation of the Iberian societies and their war traditions maintained each confrontation in a geographically limited and tactically familiar framework. On the ground, the armies remained organized according to the needs of the current military campaign without turning themselves into garnison troops Indeed the long term control of the conquered territories depended on other methods such as the creation of a network of allied communities or on the foundations of new towns. The Roman armies were regularly renewed and supplied from Italy. They were therefore not entirely dependent on the formation of the Iberian provinces, which were progressively transformed into administrative districts at that time. Those provinces provided provisions and auxiliary troops. But their contribution didn't correspond neither to a systematic exploitation of the available resources nor to the whole needs of the Roman armies. So, the permanent military presence in the Iberian peninsula, resulting from the unbroken succession of campaigns, testified to the strength of a centralized system and, until the very end of the Republic, it didn't allow us to conclude to the beginning of provincial armies in that western part of the Empire
Bedon, Estelle. "L'image de l'Hispanie et des Hipaniques chez Tite-Live." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040150.
Full textThe classical authors who dealt with Hispania in their works seem to have mainly perceived two aspects, namely the wealth of that region and the bellicosity of its population. There is virtually no trace of the former theme in Livy, his works focusing essentially on the war aspects of the Roman conquest. The present work endeavours, in the first place, to show that Livy only regards Hispania as the scene of endless and particularly dreadful wars. The second part then examines to what extent the phrase tam fera et bellicosa gens, “such a savage and bellicose people”, used by the Roman historian to define the nature of the Hispanic population, faithfully reflects the representation of Hispanic people in his whole work. Finally, the third part sets out to establish correspondences and differences between Livy's vision of these peoples and the traditional portrait of the barbarian in Greek and Latin literature, by studying central notions such as disorderliness, inability to unite, fluxa fides and mobilitas animi. At the end of this work, it appears that the image of Hispania and its inhabitants passed on by Livy is partial : indeed, it is both incomplete, owing to his literary choices, and biased, because of his pro-Roman prejudice, and yet subtle enough not to lapse into oversimplicity
Touahri, Ouardia. "Paroles de guerriers avant le combat dans l'épopée latine de Naevius à Claudien." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30054.
Full textOur step consisted in searching what the warlike word battle, in the Latin epic, owes, on the one hand, to Homeric tradition, and, on the other hand, to the historiographic one. In Rome, war is realized within the citizenship framework ; for this activity, legal and religious precautions are thus necessary. That's why we can find, in historiography, a rhetoric about the justification befor battle. This rethoric does not exist in the Iliad. In a first part, we are showing that the warlike word before battle, in the Latin epic, for an historical or mythological subject, benefited from that rhetoric about the justification, especially when the poem is about civil war. In a second part, we are showing that the Latin epic poets have given a tragic dimension to war councils and to the preparations for warlike operations. Lastly, in a third part, we are treating of the battlefield exhortation. This speech is the center of a thought about the chief's figure. From Virgil, when foreign war and civil war are mixed, the chiefis not any longer the perfect model that we could find in Naevius' and Ennius' poems. Latin's epic warlike word thus sends us back to the moral tearings raised up, in the Roman consciences, by the warlike violence
Creuset, Christophe. "La logistique de l'armée romaine sous le Haut-Empire." Paris, EPHE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPHEA003.
Full textJanniard, Sylvain. "Les transformations de l'armée romano-byzantine (IIIe - VIe siècles PR. J. C) : le paradigme de la bataille rangée." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0030.
Full textThe study deals with the transformations of the Romano-Byzantine army, for the period which covers the 3rd till the 5th c. In the western part of the Roman Empire and until the 6th c. For its oriental part. These are examined through the prism of the pitched battle, itself analyzed through the various scales of its progress, from its circumstances up to its outcomes, and also ,through the hierarchy and the dispositions of the troops, their evolutions and their way of fighting. From the 3rd c. On, the pressure exercised by the foreign peoples upset the strategic choices of the Empire, whereas the transformations of the armament and of the internal organization of the units seem strictly connected to the tactical renewals then noticed. Confronted with strengthened but diffuse military threats, the Roman army improves its techniques of acquisition of information, and doesn't hesitate any more to resort to indirect strategies. The adaptation to the new tactical conditions passes by a narrower coordination between the various weapons on the battlefield, and, within these, between the various specialities. It also implies a renewal of the arrangement in lines of the infantry, modelled on the Hellenistic phalanx, and requiring the increase in number of the tactical ranks. It leads finally to a revaluation of the place heId by the cavalry and the bowmen on the battlefield. In fine, the preservation of a strong capacity to manoeuvre shows the qualities of the commanders, and shows also the difficulty to find a military explanation for the fall of the Western Roman Empire
Reddé, Michel. "Mare nostrum : les infrastructures, le dispositif et l'histoire de la marine militaire sous l'Empire romain /." Rome : Paris : École française de Rome ; diffusion de Boccard, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34878923t.
Full textPanaget, Christian. "Les révoltes militaires dans l’empire romain de 193 à 324." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20050/document.
Full textFrom 193 to 324, the Empire, the Emperor and the Roman Army went through a difficult period usually qualified « Crises of the Third Century ». But if this latter has been the subject of many debate and controversies, the phenomenon of the military revolt, yet omnipresent, remains unexplored. But during this period, the Roman Empire has probably never known, so many military revolts, that means, that ever, without any doubt, the political process, based in a large part on an implicit « pact » between the Prince and his army, had never been so contested. After working on the very concept of the notion of revolt and on the real quantification of this phenomenon, we will study catalysts that have favored it and mecanisms underlying patterns of facts that could gather numbers and rise up large geographical areas. Then, we will seek to outline « geopolitics » of the military revolt in an attempt to better identify the rebels, the leaders, the wathwords or the political programs readily betittled or parodied by the Ancients. It will be finally seen how the phenomenon of the revolt led the imperial power to reconsider, or not, its relations with the army, or even to reform itself
Alston, Richard. "Soldier and society in Roman Egypt : a social history /." London ; New York : Routledge, 1995. http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=169269.
Full textCosme, Pierre. "Armée et bureaucratie dans l'Empire romain (de la Guerre sociale aux Sévères)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010646.
Full textThe conquest and occupation of provinces outside Italy has progressively converted the roman legions into a standing army. The management and command of this standing army made necessary the development of a military bureaucracy. This one is tackled from the angle of the documents that were written on the occasion of recruitment, pay and discharge. Thus, we are emphasizing the significance of correspondence and communications between emperor, governors of provinces and the army units stationned at the frontiers of the empire, from the principate of Augustus
Andriollo, Samuel. "L'espionnage militaire et la protection du renseignement sous l'Empire romain (27 avant notre ère-fin du Ve siècle)." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA120021.
Full textThe human factor as the essential component for the quest for informations. Differentiated between observers and explorers, spies vere in charge to sp on ennemy armies to know their position, their numbers, their allied armies, their movements. Or to arrive ahead of roman troups to counter unexpected attacks. Helped frequently by ennemy prisonners and traitors, also by civilians and merchants, spies used manv methods to obtain informations. Intelligences were checked, analysed and treated by the leader who adopted appropriate measures. These decisions must be secret to prevent ennemies to obtain roman plans by traitors. These men were a true curse that roman autorities must stop with care measurements. Informations were communicated essentially by letters which were protected by cryptographyc and steganographic methods. Anothers systems, like fire and smoke signals. Were used
Napoli, Joëlle. "Recherches sur les fortifications linéaires romaines." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040059.
Full textThese fortifications,which are mainly located in the North provinces of the Empire and in the African provinces and which spread out between the IId and the Vth century A. D. ,do not protect towns but territories. .
Lenoir, Maurice. "Le camp romain : étude d'architecture militaire, Proche-Orient et Afrique du Nord." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040051.
Full textAfter having studied the theoretical data on temporary camp design provided by ancient authors, in particular Polybius and pseudo-Hyginus, the author draws up an inventory of permanent fortresses and forts which are archeologically well-documented, in the near east and north Africa. The corpus thus set up comprises 79 settlements. The typological study defines six main classes and for each of them suggests a period of use. The evolution of these fortifications, in particular that of the towers which protect the doors, is less linear than is usually admitted. The importance of principia (the administrative quarter at the camp center) increases continuously, and their religious function, linked to the cult of standards and of the emperor becomes dominant. Typology allows headquarters camps to be identified, which were used as bases for complex systems, varied in nature according to the provinces, following the general staff's concerns; it reveals provincial architectural traditions. The evolution of the camp must not be separated from that of civilian architecture; it plays a part in conveying imperial ideology: the camp is first and foremost the symbol of power
Schmidt, Heidenreich Christophe. "Les dédicaces religieuses dans les camps militaires du Haut-Empire romain." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA131026.
Full textChameroy, Jérémie. "La monnaie et les sites militaires sous les Valentiniens : étude de la dispersion des émissions monétaires dans ses rapports avec l'armée romaine (364-378)." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040283.
Full textThe study of the dispersion of gold, silver and bronze coin emissions of the years 364-378 in the North-West provinces of the Empire gives a clear charts of the frontier fortifications under the Valentinianic emperors. It allows us to question which place the Roman army took in the budget of the Empire. That some bronze and silver issues were specially coined for the soldiers is proved for certain emissions which have been found in great quantity on military sites. The gold coins follow another way of distribution. After the wide distribution of the first gold issue to the troops, the dispersion of the next gold issues seems to stay under control of the emperor and his court. The solidi are found mostly where the emperor and his comitatus are, so that this could reflect the cleavage between the elite army who accompanies the imperator and the regional and frontier soldiers. Regional and frontier armies could not enjoy the imperial largitas so often as the soldiers of the imperial guard
Kéfélian, Anahide. "Rome et le Royaume d'Arménie : interactions politiques, militaires et culturelles (65 av. - 224 ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040088.
Full textFor almost five centuries, the Roman Empire tried to keep Armenia under its influence against the ambitions of the Parthians and Sassanians, due to the strategical location of this kingdom. This thesis reviews the relationship of the Roman Empire with Armenia from the deditio of Tigrane II in 65 BC until the arrival of Sassanians in AD 224. Typically, such studies are only based on factual events. In this thesis however, the diplomatic relationship between Rome and Armenia and the resulting interactions are put into context by also taking into account other sources, which have rarely been studied until now. Therefore, a thematic analysis was performed, which is divided in three parts. The first part deals with the depiction of the Armenian Kingdom that Rome conveyed by analysing its monetary iconography and its representation in the sculptures. The diplomatic relationships, beforehand seen through the ideological prism conveyed by the coins, are put into context in the second part. This allows to understand the tactics used to integrate and keep the Armenian Kingdom in the Roman sphere of influence. The third and last part concentrates on the Roman presence in the Armenian Kingdom by studying the distribution of Roman troops and the resulting cultural and linguistic interactions
Méa, Corentin. "La cavalerie romaine des Sévères à Théodose." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30027/document.
Full textIn his reference book L'Empire romain en mutation des Sévères à Constantin (192-337 p.C.), Jean-Michel Carrié evokes changes in the late Roman army. He notes that “tasks of border patrols and the need of quick intervention in threatened areas imposed a better mobility”. Echoing to twentieth-century historiography, he argues that the Roman army appears “largely converted to the cavalry” at the Battle of Adrianople (378 A.D.) Several historians have already written about the rise of the weapon of cavalry in the Roman army during the reigns of Septimius Severus and Theodosius. All of them agree to highlight the revival of cavalry when dealing with the evolution of the Late Roman army. Considering that Gallienus would have created a command of cavalry in 256 A.D., theirs works are mainly based upon the analysis of a fourth-century document called the Notitia Dignitatum. We endeavour to reopen the case in order to question the reality of an army supposedly “largely converted to the cavalry”. Were there such things as great structural changes and a renewal of the hierarchy? Would assigned missions, both military and civilian, be very different in the Late Empire than they were in the Early Empire?
Ndiaye, Saliou. "Guerre et religion à Rome à l'époque républicaine : étude sur les rites religieux observés dans la conduite de la guerre." Nancy 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN21007.
Full textThe topic we are dealing with talks about war in its relations with religion in Rome during the republican era. We are interested in the whole rites and religious practices which, in war period, dictate the behavior to be adopted by the city and men at war. We mean by that, "religious actions through which man shows his sentiments towards god". It is through such practices that the Romans would seek to obtain gods favor, to divert their anger and to foresee the divine will. Be they propitiatory rites or divinatory ones, or even thanksgivings, these behaviors are always defined or imposed by traditional rules. Our plan is very much inspired by the chronology of war: the declaration of war and the preparations, the outbreak of hostilities, the control of operations, the restoration of peace sanctioned by a victory. This is the general outline of our work
Sanz, Anthony-Marc. "La République romaine et ses alliances militaires : pratiques et représentations de la "societas" de l'époque du "foedus Cassianum" à la fin de la seconde guerre punique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839121.
Full textPetitjean, Maxime. "Le combat de cavalerie dans le monde romain du Ier siècle a.C. au VIe siècle p.C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040187.
Full textThis study is about cavalry warfare in the Roman world from the 1st century BC to the 6th century AD. It is a work of synthesis dealing with the employment doctrine of cavalry in the imperial and early Byzantine eras. Organizational and strategic issues are discussed, but the focus is mainly put on tactics and battle mechanics. The aim of this research is to account for the evolution of the art of war during the end of Antiquity by analyzing specifically the stakes involved in the development and use of cavalry. The growing importance of mounted troops in the imperial strategy marks an important change in the history of the Roman army, with a gradual shift from offensive warfare, pitched battle and heavy infantry toward deception, frontier warfare and mounted archery. These changes, which have never been the subject of a thorough analysis, are here reviewed in the overall context of Roman history. The cross-analysis of narrative, technical, iconographic and archaeological sources reveals a coherent evolutionary pattern, an "organic development of forms of combat" (Hans Delbrück), which we endeavor to reinsert in the wider context of a changing Roman military culture, attaching particular importance to the Romans' relationship to warfare and to their ideal perception of the respective roles of infantry and cavalry
Gaballa, Omran. "L'armée romaine de Cyrénaïque à l'époque impériale." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040214.
Full textThe study of the ancient history of the Cyrenaica region is important. This region has experienced a long period of Greek occupation from the 8th to the 6th century BC. Followed by Ptolemies, (Egyptian kings) who ruled this area for some time , until the arrival of the Romans. These have given approximately eight centuries , from the year 74 BC. JC . In Roman times, Cyrenaica was organized by province. The province was exposed to some invasions, especially those of the Libyan tribes. The wealth of Cyrenaica has attracted the attention of the invaders. This is why the Romans made after installation in the province, defensive measures for the protection and safety of Cyrenaica .They thus constructed along the borders of the province fortresses, walls, control towers monitoring .They also built a road network to connect the cities of the province and built fortifications around cities. The study military organization, that is to say the organization of the army at the time Roman. The army was made up of military forces, regular and local troops support. We rely on the inscriptions found on some ancient sources and basis for our research. The military organization of troops , weapons used , the means of financing depended mainly Taxes. The study defensive and military means for the protection of the province. Defensive measures are divided into three types the first includes the fortresses, churches and farms fortifies. The study of construction of roads to connect cities, and transport these provisions military. the third means comprises fortifications and towers to protect the five cities of Cyrenaica
Grandvallet, Claire. "L'image du prince dans la numismatique romaine : (235-268 après J.-C.)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040137.
Full textThe princep's image in roman coinage during 235-268 A. D. Reveals the evolution's image of the imperial power as it wants to be seen. The brievety of the emperors'reigns pushes them to legitimate their power by insisting on the dynastic continuity. The military action of the princes results in the restoration of peace and prosperity in the empire. Intermediary between men and gods, Gordianus III, Gallienus' and Postumus' reigns mark power's sacrality by the iconographic choices. The numismatic propaganda allows emperors to make theirs ideologic choices known. The princes between 235-268 show the way of a new practice of power for the passage of principat to dominat
Hulot, Sophie. "La violence de guerre dans le monde romain (fin du IIIème s. av. J.-C.- fin du Ier s. ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30050.
Full textWhat outlook did the Romans have on war violence? This deceptively simple question has never actually been posed in these terms since Rome has most often been described as an invariably aggressive and brutal power. A reappraisal of the approaches on this question is however possible by drawing both on the concept of war culture developed with regard to contemporary history and on anthropology and sociology. More precisely, the angle chosen for this research was that of the human cost of war. It allows a better understanding of the way Roman society responded to the potentially disruptive effects of war losses and wounded soldiers. It also helps to better grasp Rome’s behaviour towards its enemies by offering a finer reading on the kinds of circumstances and interactions in which war violence was used. Focusing more particularly on the body, but also on the practical conditions of military activity and finally on Roman social relationships, this study aims at contributing to Rome’s military, cultural and social history. It explores three fields of investigation. The first one deals with the soldiers’ relationship to war violence in the environment of battle itself, highlighting the way they endured the various intensities of conflicts, putting up with them or, at times, expressing their discontent with the way war was conducted. The types of wounds, the medical system and the relationships between the troops and their leaders were more specifically analysed. Secondly attention is paid to the responses of Roman society as a whole to war losses and wounded soldiers. The unconditionally aggressive dimension of the Roman war ‘ethos’ has in particular been qualified, with a focus on the protests against the human cost of war when sensed as excessive. The responses of those in power were subsequently examined from a chronological perspective. The last part centres on the Roman modes of resorting to war violence: the circumstances governing its various uses, the self-restrictive mechanisms, the coherent justificatory discourse, its comparatively common nature in the ancient world. In the end, this research has better brought to light the thresholds of Roman sensitivity to the human cost of war
Lachapelle, David. "Recherche sur la logistique des armées romaines sous le Haut-Empire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040175.
Full textThe roman armies of the republican era had reached a high degree of organization. With the coming of the Principate, the legions were sent on the frontiers of the empire, and their supplying had to be maintained during peacetime. This thesis tries to explain the logistical system of the roman armies under the Early Empire. To do so, the needs in food, materials and animals must be assessed. It is equally important to present the theories actually accepted, and to explain the basis on which they stand, in order to understand the biases which may have been introduced unconsciously. For the next part, the research focuses on two very different, yet complementary axes : firstly, the logistics in times of war, and secondly, the tax system. The question of the logistics in times of war, which includes the republican era, has been studied under three angles : individual supplying, supplying organized by the general, and the one organized from the capital. The understanding of these aspects is paramount to assess the importance each of those methods of supplying occupied in the bigger picture of the logistics. It will also allow to underline the circumstances surrounding some habits and the tendencies that emerge. The tax system, which is often studied too briefly by modern military historians, is however at the heart of the logistics in peacetime. Requisitions were reimbursed with tax money, the same is also true for purchases. The presence of a tax in kind could change our understanding of the system. A presentation of the organization that structured the logistics, and the infrastructures it used, follows
Kuhnle, Gertrud. "La présence militaire romaine à Strasbourg-Argentorate et le camp de la VIIIe légion." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EPHE4060.
Full textThe history of legionary sites in the Roman Empire is undergoing a significant revival today thanks to numerous research projects being conducted in Europe. Within this context, the present study explores the Roman military presence in Strasbourg - Argentorate, and more particularly the 8th Legion’s camp, from an archaeological and historical viewpoint. This study is based on the analysis of literary and epigraphic sources, on the interpretation of published documentation and on the results of two recent rescue excavations (“Grenier d’Abondance” and “4 rue Brûlée”). It shows that the Roman occupation, beginning around 15 AD, coincides with the arrival of the legio II Augusta whose presence is attested by several funerary monuments. Between 43 AD and the settlement of the legio VIII Augusta around 90 AD, Strasbourg was not a legionary garrison, but mostly one of auxiliary troops. In its early form, the camp of the 8th Legion was protected by an earth rampart with layers of timber before being superimposed with the first stone defensive circuit around the mid-2nd century AD; that wall was reinforced around 300 AD. The barracks in the latus praetorii dextrum remained occupied until the end of the first quarter of 4th century AD. With the settlement of civilians from the second third of 4th century AD, the legionary camp gradually turned into an urban fortified site with a limited military presence, at least until the beginning of 5th century AD. This study provides detailed insight into aspects of the 8th Legion’s camp and reviews the chronology of the Roman military presence of this major Rhineland site
Sammour, Karim. "Les machines de siège romaines : restitution virtuelle, contextualisation et médiation." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC016/document.
Full textThis research focuses on some particular aspects of Roman Siege Warfare and on solutions to transmit these results to an expert or non-expert public. There are many unstudied historical sources in the ancient and recent historiography, either narrative sources, poems or even some details from technical texts. An exhaustive analysis of those sources, dated between the first century BC to the fourth century AD, allows us to consider each problematic related to Roman siege machines in order to acquire an understanding as complete as possible. The virtual restitution of several well described machinae allows us to formulate experimental hypotheses of the main siege engines and to infer physical, logistical and strategic corollaries. By taking into account the operating context of the machines, we subscribe to an overall approach, the specific method of Technical history. This scientific methodology enables a parallel reflection about scientific mediation solutions, allowing everyone to access and give thought to the developed problematic
Ferrary, Jean-Louis. "Aspects idéologiques de la conquête romaine du monde hellénistique, de la seconde guerre de Macédoine à la guerre contre Mithridate." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040146.
Full textRather than the conquest of the Greek world by the romans, the causes of their intervention and the organization of their rule, the main topic of this thesis is the way they presented their policy and wanted it to be understood, the reactions it provoked amongst the Greeks, and the mutual influences arising from the relationship between roman politicians and Greek intellectuals. It first investigates one of the main themes of roman propaganda vis-a-vis the Hellenistic world, Greek freedom, scrutinizing its emergence in 198-194 and then its transformation down to the Mithridatic war. A second part deals with Greek historians and philosophers' reactions, including a study of Polybius histories and of what can be restored of Panaetius' teaching on war and power, but also a new interpretation of Antisthenes the peripatetic's narrative and a political history of the Athenian philosophical schools from the embassy of 155 to the Mithridatic crisis. Considerations on Posidonius lead to the third part, analyzing the links between roman aristocrats' cultural interests and their political actions. Spectacular gestures like Aemilius Paullus holding games at Amphipolis or Scipio Aemilianus restoring Greek statues discovered in Carthage and inviting the philosopher Panaetius to accompany him on his great eastern embassy are treated in detail. This thesis covers the two main aspects of roman philhellenism in the 2nd century b. C. , an essentially political one with Flaminius and a more particularly, but not exclusively, cultural one with Paullus and Scipio, and tries to determine their real significance
Augier, Bertrand. "Homines militares : les officiers dans les armées romaines au temps des guerres civiles (49-31 a.C.)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100178.
Full textDuring the Civil Wars which marked the end of the Republican Period in Rome, armies, led by rival imperatores, were important actors of the Roman political scene. This study is about the military cadres during this period. As in any army, obedience, discipline and loyalty were based on the action of military cadres, who can be considered as officers, such as prefects, military tribunes, quaestors and legates. I have created a database, grouping the whole individual actions of these military cadres in late-republican armies. First, I have made an analysis of the institutional positions of these officers, I have studied their functions, and the command chain they were part of. Then, I have studied the competences and the military formation of these individuals, who were not professionals nor technicians. Finally, the political role of these officers, who were kinsmen of the great imperatores, is analysed
Lefebvre, Benoît. "Combattre de loin chez les Romains et leurs adversaires : des réalités du combat aux représentations culturelles (Ier siècle av. J.-C. - IIIe siècle apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30014.
Full textIt’s a commonplace to say that Romans valued hand-to-hand fighting and despised long range fighting. However, throwing weapons (arrows, slingshots, javelins, hand-thrown stones), played a key role in Ancient warfare.Military history has been interesting in other topics for several decades : fighting bodies, combat experience and relationships between war and culture. This interest raises numerous questions and opens new fields of research. That’s why we apply theses topics to a study of throwing weapons in ancient warfare in Roman times (1st century BC - AD 3rd century).However, Romans fought different enemies with long range weapons in several circumstances and more frequently than we usually thought. Roman armies’ power was partially based on their ability of borrowing tactics and weapons from different peoples. This progressive integration led to an evolution of the Roman art of war and the Roman discourses on it.Our analysis partially focuses on a cultural approach to the history of warfare and relationships between military practices and cultural representations. To some extent, representations could affect military practices (for example, tactics and fighting ways) but the opposite was true. Studying these relationships helps us to understand all the complexity of Roman warfare.These researchs aim at challenging some common misconceptions. Firstly, the ‘face’ of Roman battle, weapons and equipment of units and soldiers were far more varied than we thought. Sources prove especially that the use of throwing weapons during our period spreads among Roman armies. Secondly, the representations Romans had of these weapons and their users are not limited to a negative discourse borrowed from the Greeks. Indeed, Romans many times valued throwing weapons, and bowmen, slingers and javelin throwers could find their place in Roman warfare and more generally in Ancient warfare
Emion, Maxime. "Des soldats de l'armée romaine tardive : les protectores (IIIe-VIe siècles ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR103/document.
Full textThe protectores diuini lateris Augusti, high-ranking soldiers attested in the Roman army from the 3rd c. to the 6th c. AD, have been alternately defined by historians as imperial bodyguards, staff officers, or centurions under a new name. This study, based on a prosopography, aims to resolve the contradictions raised by these interpretations, from a military and social point of view. The evolutions of these soldiers’ recruitment, careers and functions, reflect deep changes in the command structure of the Late Roman army. The analysis also sheds light on the social and cultural background of these privileged soldiers, who were familiar with both the battlefield and the imperial court. By focusing on their privileged relationship with the emperor, who was at the same time general in chief and responsible for the social and symbolic order of the Late Antique world, we can finally understand how the protectores were part, in the eyes of the Romans, of an earthly order of dignities reflecting the celestial hierarchy
Landelle, Marc. "Les Magistri Militum aux IVe et Ve siècles ap. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040234.
Full textFrom the reign of Constantine the Great onward, the defence of the Empire was the responsibility of a group of generals who were trusted with the previous military responsabilities of the pretorian prefects : the magistri militum. Facing restless threats (barbarian pressure on the frontiers and episodes of civil war), these high officers were most of the time kept away from the regular revolutions that struck the court : they were one of the base of the imperial authority. At the beginning of the fifth century, the unified roman Empire had been replaced by two independent, sometimes even rival partes imperii : a byzantine Empire, limited to the East, and a western part which eventually collapsed to form barbarian kingdoms. How did the high military command evolve in each of these parts ?A prosopographical study, taking into account the most up-to-date research, has been made on this group of officiers, in order to provide a synthesis developing three main axis :- from an institutional point of view, what was the place of these generals in the chain of command ?- from a military point of view, which role did this generals play in the transformations that affected the Late roman army ?- from a social point of view, how did this military nobility, which included people with barbarian origins, defined herself with regard to romanity and the Late Antique court society ?
Wallerich, Yves. "Les évolutions de la frontière entre la province romaine de Germanie supérieure et la Germanie des Sévères à Dioclétien : stratégies et mutations." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG033.
Full textThis thesis aims to reflect on the different functions between the upper border of Germany and that of Germany, with particular emphasis on its military dimension and its place in the Empire defense strategy. The study of the limes is particularly interesting from the Severi to Diocletian, because this is a period when it has many changes and adjustments to its abandonment and the return on the 'ripa' the Rhine. After defining the limes and its function, we will see that trading is limited between the Roman and Germanic world and that effective against low-intensity raids. Its abandonment is explained both by civil wars and by changes in the Germanic world. After the rediscovered unity of the Empire, the emperors created a new line of defense on the Rhine which is complemented by the creation of a buffer state, the Alamannia
Debord, Dimitri. "Aspects structurels et socio-économiques des armées : de l’expérience romaine aux modèles contemporains." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100090.
Full textThe aim of this paper is to provide an unusual inight into the concept of military law, envisionned within the framework of an historical point of view. Two great military and professionnal models have been confronted (i.e. Rome and four contemporary armies : the United-States, France, the United-Kingdom and the People’s Republic of China) in order to define the historical conditions for the recognition of a professionnal military model. A professionnal army serving a Power such as the ones studied there, implement a dual military law made of a military law in time of peace /or limited war, and a military law in time of total war
Amon, Hermann Kouamé. "Les coups d'État dans l'Empire romain de 235 à 284." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040077.
Full textDuring the third century, the Roman Empire is faced with military attacks from its neighbors at its eastern and western borders. These simultaneous attacks generate instability for the imperial power, characterized by the increase of political coups. The objective of this study was to analyze this political phenomenon from 235 to 284. Critical analysis questions were: What is a coup in the political context of the Roman Empire? What is the process of a coup during the relevant period and what are its consequences for the Empire? We have shown through a theoretical analysis that the phenomenon of coups is not specific to the third century of the Empire, but it is consubstantial to the roman imperial regime. After this, we have analyzed each coup and highlighted the increase of their occurrence with the intensification of attacks by Rome’s enemies. For each coup analyzed, the context of its proclamation, its development and the political analysis was given. We have presented the consequences of this political phenomenon on both political and military structure and also on the economic and administrative life of the Empire
L'Heureux, Luc. "Xanten-Vetera : analyse et caractérisation du processus de colonisation et de romanisation d'une région frontalière en Germanie inférieure." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27283.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the process of romanization and colonization of Xanten-Vetera, a border region of the Roman Empire located in Lower Rhineland in the Roman province of Germania inferior. Examining the period between the conquests of Julius Caesar to the middle of the second century AD, this study seeks to understand and to establish the military presence, as well as the development of civilian populations, as a result of population transfers and Gallo-Roman immigration. The process of romanization is analyzed by taking into account ethnographic, social and cultural realities according to the most current theories of modern research on this subject. Because this location is an agglomeration located on a river on the outskirts of the Empire, the concept of a “border” is evaluated to assess whether Xanten-Vetera was a zone of convergence or divergence in comparison to the Rhine area. Additionally, this research analyzes the military and social context during which Emperor Trajan made the decision to grant the status of the colony to the territory that became the Colonia Ulpia Traiana. This regional approach highlights the particular nature of the history of Xanten-Vetera under the High Empire; migrations and tragedies within this geographical area have shaped a place with a unique destiny in Germany and in the Roman Empire. Finally, this work provides a relevant example of the changing motivations that guided the colonial policies under the Julio-Claudian, Flavian and Antonine dynasties and suggests the development of non-military pressure groups in this process.
Harmoy-Durofil, Héloïse. "Chefs et officiers barbares dans la militia armata ( IVe - VIe siècle)." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2028/document.
Full textThis research is organized around three points she gaze by sources on the chiefs and officers of barbarian origin to query the identity of these characters around the ethnicity field and all its variables, social essentially A second part will consider how leaders and officers of barbarian origin are part of the elite of the army and the late Roman society and participate in the renewal thereof A third part will be interested in the degree of participation of barbarian chiefs and officers of barbarian origin in the militia armata from Constantine to Anastase , and in temporal continuity to measure the effects of the historical situation of ethnic recruitment of Roman army and to better understand the strategies developed to conduct a military career in the late Roman army
Porte, François. "Le ravitaillement des armées romaines pendant les guerres civiles (49-30 avant J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0030/document.
Full textThe civil wars that took place during the last decades of the Roman Republic (49-30 B.C.) reveal the expertise of Roman elites in the art of war, along with its limits, and accelerate the transformations of the military tool and Roman warfare.After the manpower and needs of the Roman armies estimation, living off the land doesn’t seem to have been more than an occasional mean of supply, supplemented by a more effective logistical support from the rear.The resources of the Roman Empire are mobilized at an unprecedented scale, sparing no province, as the split of the Roman world between western and eastern sides transforms the usual patterns of logistical mobilization. Recently conquered provinces are therefore added to newly raised logistical systems in the Eastern Mediterranean. The maritime transportation plays a central role, as the amount of the supplies needed requires large strategic bases across the Mediterranean sea.The infrastructures needed to support the logistical network at an operational scale are rare among the Mediterranean cities and restrain the choice of operational bases. The Roman armies can obviously not rely on previous established military structures.Finally, the Roman tax system has to go through deep changes to face the financial needs of the logistical system, along with plunder and spoil. The Senate loses its power during the civil wars to the benefit of independent imperatores, until Octavian’s final rise to supreme power
Renoux, Guillaume. "Les Archers de César. Recherches historiques, archéologiques et paléométallurgiques sur les archers dans l'armée romaine et leur armement de César à Trajan." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545245.
Full textCouhade-Beyneix, Cynthia. "Traîtres et trahisons dans la Rome antique : de la fin de la République au début de l'Empire." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0040.
Full textThis work focuses on the notion of betrayal and in its various forms as well as in his agent, the traitor, in Republican Rome, from the war led against Jugurtha until the early years of the reign of Augustus. In the ancient mentalities, treason belongs to the register of the bad behaviours because it strikes a blow at the social cohesion. By breaking the solidarities and by questioning the social relationships, it endangers the community. The feeling it inspires is particularly negative. That is why so morally speaking as on the penal plan, it is blamed and punished severely. However, the Romans never precisely defined the concept of treason, so much and so that it is difficult to know exactly what they meant by this idea. The objective of this study is to understand not only how they feared the phenomenon of betrayal, but also how they used it and for what purpose, at a time when the Urbs had to undergo serious crises. Indeed, the context of late-Republican civil wars greatly amplified this phenomenon in the moral dimensions as much as political, military and emotional. It is therefore to investigate a violent crisis of values and social relationships in Roman society. The analysis concerns the hostile acts committed by one or several members of the community, that is to say by a Roman citizen, a Latin or a slave, against the City and/or its representatives for the benefit of the external enemies or political opponents