Journal articles on the topic 'Rong xian'

This paper explores the basic ideas of the ecological construction of the international city of Xi'an. There are mainly three fundamental parts which includes the culture concept of the bottom triple line, the three elements of landscape design and the five priorities of the ecological construction. This essay is discussed by reviewing the Tang Fu Rong landscape area’s historical changes of the ecological environment and summarizing the results of the Qujiang landscape.

The pyrrolizidine alkaloid composition of three Chinese herbs, "pei lan", "cheng gan cao" and "zi xiao rong" identified respectively as Eupatorium cannabinum, Eupatorium japonicum (Compositae) and Crotalaria assamica (Leguminosae), were studied by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry. Viridiflorine, cynaustraline, amabiline, supinine, echinatine, rinderine and isomers of these alkaloids were found in the Eupatorium species. Monocrotaline was the only pyrrolizidine alkaloid detected in the Crotalaria species.

This paper involves an syncretic study of the structural characteristics, semantic stratification, graphical evolution and contextual analysis on a chronological base of the perplexing graphs and words which designate the Chinese, such as xia, hua and zhongguo, non-Chinese, such as yi, di, rong, and man, in early palaeographic and documentary sources. It shows how these terms evolved to distinguish between the two distinct ethnographical concepts in the early mind.The study shows that the conception of Hua-Xia and Zhongguo carried different connotations in the Western Zhou period from that defined in Spring and Autumn philological sources. The relocation of the Zhou capital to the east during the transition from Western to Eastern Zhou had generically diffused the concept of Xia and the elegant Ya culture. The conception of Xia and Yi, which had formerly distinguished between the Zhou elites and the non-Zhou people, came to distinguish between the central states and peripheral groups in the geographical sense, as well as between the Zhou subjects and the non-Zhou subjects in the political sense. Thus the conceptualisation of the so-called “Chinese-ness” postdates the actual formation of the ethnographical bulk of the Chinese people.

This article examines the historical conditions, causes, evolution and options for solving one of the topical problems of the spatial historical dynamics of China in the late XX - early XXI centuries. - uneven regional development. The purpose of this article is to review in Chinese the works of such Chinese scholars as Wang Ke, Wang Feng, Wang Yunhui, Gan Chunhui, Li Zhuni, Liang Longbin, Xia Wanjun, Fan Jianyong, Hu Dali, Hu Shudong, Tsai Fang, Zhou Zhe, Zhu Degui, Chen Rong, Chen Changshi, Shi Lin, Shen Zhongqiang on the history of the uneven regional development of the PRC and highlighting the leading approaches and practical recommendations for overcoming disproportionate trends in the regional historical and modern development of China based on the use of system analysis and a comparative historical method. The main factors that significantly affect the uneven regional development of China in the modern period of history include: uneven industrial development, income distribution by provinces, foreign investment, agriculture, human capital and labor mobility.

AbstractsThe rule of surname exogamy, which has been an important feature of Chinese social organization down to recent times, seems to have originated with the Zhou dynasty. Its importance is symbolized in the myth of Jiang Yuan姜媚 or 姜原, the mother of Hou Ji后稷, Lord Millet, the ancestor of the Zhou kings, whose surname was Ji姬. Contrary to a view that has become popular, it is argued that Ji and Jiang could not have been the names of two originally separate peoples with different geographical origins that came together and formed an intermarrying alliance but were the names of the two leading, intermarrying, clans of a single people. After the Zhou conquest of Shang, marriage politics, which required the rulers of originally non-Chinese states to have clan names of the same kind, played an important part in gradually incorporating such states into the Zhou, Hua-Xia華夏, polity. The fact that the surnames Ji and Jiang were also found among peoples known as Rong 戎 who were not recognized as Hua-Xia but were probably also Sino-Tibetan in language seems to be consistent with traditional accounts of Zhou's northwestern origins. The words Ji and Jiang are probably etymologically related and although yang羊 “sheep” plays a phonetic role in the graphs of both the surname Jiang and the ethnic name Qiang 羌, Jiang and Qiang are two separate words and need not have anything to do with one another.

Abstract CD40 agonistic antibody is emerging as a front-line immunotherapy for patients with cancer. However, despite its remarkable curative effects, serious immune-related adverse reactions limit the clinical application of CD40 agonists. Crosslinking-dependent activation is one of the promising approaches to diminish the adverse effects of CD40 agonists. Agonistic CD40 stimulation on antigen presenting cells (APCs) not only promotes activation of T cells, but also results in PD-L1 upregulation on APCs, thus creating a negative feedback loop to dampen the anti-tumor immune response. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combination of CD40 agonist and blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction may further induce a synergistic effect on T cell activation and anti-tumor activity. Here, we report a novel PD-L1xCD40 Bispecific Antibody (BsAb) designed to have synergistic curative effects as well as improved safety profiles. The PD-L1/CD40 BsAb was generated using the Harbour HBICE࣪® platform. It exhibited superior binding activities to both PD-L1 and CD40, respectively. CD40 activation was fully relied on the PD-L1 crosslinking. The PD-L1xCD40 BsAb showed potent tumor growth inhibition in preclinical efficacy models. Meanwhile, it showed much improved safety profile compared to a reference anti-CD40 agonistic antibody in the preclinical tox models. Overall, the PD-L1xCD40 BsAb demonstrated remarkable in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and improved safety profiles in preclinical models, which presents it as a promising candidate for the development of next-generation cancer immune therapeutics. Citation Format: Haishan luo, Zihong Meng, Jimmy Rong, Yuandong Wang, Yunxing Yang, Fei Chen, Youhong Wang, Victor Chen, Gang Deng, Yebo He, Xin Gan, Yiping Rong. Development of a novel PD-L1xCD40 bispecific antibody with excellent efficacy and safety profile for cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5559.

Background:Gout is an arthritic disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystal (MSU) in the joints, which can lead to acute inflammation and damage adjacent tissue [1].Over the past decade, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to have crucial importance in health and disease[2,3]. However, studies evaluating the function of ncRNAs in gout are scarce, and current knowledge of the role of ncRNAs in gout is still limited.Objectives:To assess the contribution of noncoding RNAs to gout and the clinical importance of these genes in primary gouty arthritis (GA).Methods:The mRNA expression levels of noncoding RNAs (LINC00173, LINC00963, LINC01330 and miRNA-182-5p) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 60 gout patients(including 30 acute gout patients, 30 intercritical gout patients) and 40 healthy subjects. The relationship between noncoding RNA expression levels and laboratory features was analyzed in GA patients.Results:The expression levels of LINC00173, LINC00963 and miRNA-182-5p were much lower in the AG and IG group than in the HC groups (p<0.05), and no significant difference was detected between AG and IG groups(P>0.05). The expression levels of LINC01330 were much lower in the AG group than in the IG and HC groups (p<0.05), and no significant difference was detected between AG and IG groups(P>0.05). In GA patients, the levels of noncoding RNAs mRNA correlated with laboratory inflammatory and metabolic indexes.Conclusion:Altered noncoding RNAs expression suggests that noncoding RNAs is involved in the pathogenesis of GA and participates in regulating inflammation and metabolism.References:[1]Xu Yi-Ting,Leng Ying-Rong,Liu Ming-Ming et al. MicroRNA and long noncoding RNA involvement in gout and prospects for treatment.[J].Int Immunopharmacol, 2020, 87: 106842.doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106842[2]Yu Yunfang,Zhang Wenda,Li Anlin et al. Association of Long Noncoding RNA Biomarkers With Clinical Immune Subtype and Prediction of Immunotherapy Response in Patients With Cancer.[J].JAMA Netw Open, 2020, 3: e202149.doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.2149[3]Zou Yaoyao,Xu Siqi,Xiao Youjun et al. Long noncoding RNA LERFS negatively regulates rheumatoid synovial aggression and proliferation.[J].J Clin Invest, 2018, 128: 4510-4524.doi:10.1172/JCI97965Figure 1.Relative Expression of noncoding RNAs in the PBMCs of Patients.Disclosure of Interests:Quan-Bo Zhang Grant/research support from: the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program) (no.81974250) and Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Province (no.2018JY0257), Yu-Qin Huang: None declared, Fan-Ni Xiao: None declared, gui-lin jian: None declared, Yi-Ping Tang: None declared, Fei Dai: None declared, Jian-Xiong Zheng: None declared, Yu-Feng Qing Grant/research support from: Science and Technology Project of Nanchong City (no.18SXHZ0522).

Abstract Background: Morpho-physiological alternations of platelets provided a rationale to harness RNA sequencing of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) for preoperative diagnosis of cancer. Timely, accurate, and non-invasive detection of ovarian cancer in women with adnexal masses presents a significant clinical challenge. Patients and Methods: This intercontinental, hospital-based, diagnostic study included 761 treatment-naïve inpatients with histologically confirmed adnexal masses and 167 healthy controls from nine medical centers (China, n=3; Netherlands, n=5; Poland, n=1) between September 2016 and May 2019. The main outcomes were the performance of TEPs and their combination with CA125 in two Chinese (VC1 and VC2) and the European (VC3) validation cohorts collectively and independently. Exploratory outcome was the value of TEPs in public pan-cancer platelet transcriptome datasets. Results: The AUCs for TEPs in the combined validation cohort, VC1, VC2, and VC3 were 0.918 (95% CI 0.889-0.948), 0.923 (0.855-0.990), 0.918 (0.872-0.963), and 0.887 (0.813-0.960), respectively. Combination of TEPs and CA125 demonstrated an AUC of 0.922 (0.889-0.955) in the combined validation cohort; 0.955 (0.912-0.997) in VC1; 0.939 (0.901-0.977) in VC2; 0.917 (0.824-1.000) in VC3. For subgroup analysis, TEPs exhibited an AUC of 0.858, 0.859, and 0.920 to detect early-stage, borderline, non-epithelial diseases and 0.899 to discriminate ovarian cancer from endometriosis. Analysis of public datasets suggested that TEPs had potential to detect multiple malignancies (Table 1). Conclusions: TEPs had robustness, compatibility, and universality for preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer since it withstood validations in populations of different ethnicities, heterogeneous histological subtypes, early-stage ovarian cancer as well as other malignancies. However, these observations warrant prospective validations in a larger population before clinical utilities. Table 1. Performance for TEPs in public pan-cancer datasets. Disease n Healthy Control AUC, area under the curve (95% CI) Women NSCLC (non-small-cell lung cancer) 126 77 0.758 (0.691-0.825) Breast cancer 38 77 0.817 (0.726-0.909) Colorectal cancer 18 77 0.973 (0.945-1.000) Pancreatic cancer 16 77 0.993 (0.981-1.000) Glioblastoma 10 77 0.923 (0.831-1.000) Men NSCLC 119 82 0.746 (0.677-0.815) Colorectal cancer 25 82 0.933 (0.884-0.982) Pancreatic cancer 22 82 0.993 (0.984-1.000) Glioblastoma 19 82 0.981 (0.959-1.000) All NSCLC 245 159 0.774 (0.728-0.820) Colorectal cancer 40 159 0.978 (0.961-0.996) Breast cancer 38 159 0.821 (0.736-0.906) Pancreatic cancer 35 159 0.987 (0.974-0.999) Glioblastoma 35 159 0.931 (0.890-0.972) Hepatobiliary carcinomas 14 159 0.991 (0.978-1.000) Citation Format: Yue Gao, Chun-Jie Liu, Hua-Yi Li, Xiao-Ming Xiong, Sjors G.j.g. In ‘t Veld, Gui-Ling Li, Jia-Hao Liu, Guang-Yao Cai, Gui-Yan Xie, Shao-Qing Zeng, Yuan Wu, Jian-Hua Chi, Qiong Zhang, Xiao-Fei Jiao, Lin-Li Shi, Wan-Rong Lu, Wei-Guo Lv, Xing-Sheng Yang, Jurgen M.j. Piek, Cornelis D de Kroon, C.a.r. Lok, Anna Supernat, Sylwia Łapińska-Szumczyk, Anna Łojkowska, Anna J. Żaczek, Jacek Jassem, Bakhos A. Tannous, Nik Sol, Edward Post, Myron G. Best, Bei-Hua Kong, Xing Xie, Ding Ma, Thomas Wurdinger, An-Yuan Guo, Qing-Lei Gao. Platelet RNA signature enables early and accurate detection of ovarian cancer: An intercontinental, biomarker identification study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB168.

Abstract As sequencing technologies advance, there is increasing interest in the value of more comprehensive molecular profiling techniques. Our laboratory has clinically validated two next generation sequencing (NGS) assays for detecting somatic variants in solid tumors. The Sema4 Signal Solid Tumor Panel, utilizes the Thermo Fisher 161 gene Oncomine Comprehensive v3 assay and the Sema4 Signal Whole Exome/Transcriptome Sequencing (WES/WTS) assay consists of whole transcriptome RNAseq for the tumor and whole exome sequencing for the tumor and normal DNA on the Illumina NovaSeq. We compiled a cohort of 224 breast tumors from 211 patients encompassing 10 histological subtypes (BRCA (102), IDC (74), ILC (21), BRCANOS (11), BRCNOS (4), IBC (1), ACBC (1), IMMC (1), MBC (2), MDLC (2), Other (5)). A total of 209 specimens were analyzed by our Solid Tumor panel, and 15 were analyzed by WES/WTS. ER/PR/HER2 status was available for 212 tumors with 36 triple-negative, 123 ER(+)/PR(+)/HER2(-), and 23 ER(+)/PR(+)/HER2(+). Treatment history was available for 151 patients. Of the 118 patients who self-reported racial identity, 8 identified as Asian, 33 identified as Black or African American, 77 identified as white. Sequencing with either the 161 gene panel or WES/WTS detected clinically significant variants in 95% (213/224) of the tumors sequenced. Targetable PIK3CA variants were reported in 36% (80/224) of tumors, as well as CCND1 amplification (16%, 26/224) and ESR1 resistance variants (10%, 24/224). Tier 1 drugs were reported in 35% (79/224) of tumors, as well as tier 2 drugs (4%, 10/224). At least 2 patients had tumor specimens obtained at time points spanning 18 or more months and acquired ESR1 p.Y537S and p.Y537C resistance mutations in the later specimens. A patient with triple-negative specimens, obtained in 2018 and 2020, had no change in clinically significant variants but had loss of variants of unknown significance in the later sample. Panel sequencing and WES/WTS are comparable in terms of known variant detection, but panel-based testing has considerable limitations for assessing disease progression and genomic complexity. For the 15 WES/WTS specimens, we were able to determine additional molecular features, including complex copy number state, which has relevance to prognostic information, tumor mutation burden, homologous recombination deficiency, and differential gene expression. Moreover, WES of the tumor and normal specimens resolved multiple germline variants that had been reported as somatic variants in a tumor-only report from a patient with triple-negative breast cancer. Our findings support the adoption of tumor/normal WES/WTS as a standard diagnostic tool for breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Kimberly S. Cole, Zhiqiang Li, Amy Tiersten, Wanying Zhang, Hussam Al-Kateb, Feras M. Hantash, Michael R. Rossi, Scott Newman, Xiang Zhou, Eric E. Schadt, Rong Chen, William K. Oh, Marc Y. Fink. Value-added clinical tumor/normal whole exome and whole transcriptome sequencing versus a DNA and RNA tumor only gene panel for managing breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-15.

Abstract Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are part of standard endocrine therapy for hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer (BC) and are used in both adjuvant and metastatic settings. Since AIs work by inhibiting the conversion of androgens to estrogen in peripheral adipose tissue, the higher levels of estrogen in obese patients may lead to incomplete inhibition by AIs and influence their efficacy. A retrospective analysis of the ABCSG-12 trial found that overweight premenopausal patients with early-stage BC treated with anastrozole had a 60% increased risk of disease recurrence and more than doubling in risk of death compared with normal weight patients on anastrozole. Similarly, an exploratory analysis from the ATAC trial found that in post-menopausal women with early-stage BC, overall recurrence rates were lower in patients randomized to anastrozole versus tamoxifen but in women with body mass index (BMI) &gt; 30, there was no significant difference in disease recurrence between anastrozole and tamoxifen. While these findings raise concern for the efficacy of adjuvant AI therapy in obese patients with early-stage BC, this has not yet been demonstrated in the metastatic setting. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of BMI on efficacy of AIs in patients with metastatic HR-positive BC. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all female patients with metastatic HR-positive BC on an AI in first- or second-line settings and seen at our academic institution between 2001-2020. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), defined as the time from start of AI to disease progression or death from any cause. PFS was compared across BMI groups using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: We identified 219 patients who had received an AI in the first- or second-line settings for metastatic HR-positive BC and with documented information on BMI. The median age was 59 with 45% of patients White, 29% African American, 16% Hispanic/Latino, 5.5% Asian and remainder other/unknown. 32% (71) had HER-2 positive disease. 82% (179) were on an AI in the first-line setting. Overall, 53% were on letrozole, 42% on anastrozole and 5.5% on exemestane. Of the 219 patients, 56% (123) had a low BMI (defined as &lt; 27 kg/m2) and 44% (96) had a high BMI (≥ 27 kg/m2; based on the Breast Cancer Weight Loss [BWEL] trial). The median PFS was 21.9 months (95% CI, 14.5 to 28.4) in the low BMI group versus 20.2 months (95% CI, 14.3 to 27.5) in the high BMI group with no statistically significant difference (p =0.73). There were 8 (6.5%) deaths in the low BMI group and 7 (7.3%) deaths in the high BMI group. Multivariate cox regression model did not demonstrate any significant impact of BMI on PFS when adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, HER2 status, type of AI, line of therapy, drug partner and type of metastatic disease (HR =0.91, 95% CI =0.64 to 1.30, p =0.6 for high BMI group). Subgroup analysis of patients on an AI in the first line setting also did not show a significant difference in PFS with median PFS 19.3 and 18 months in the low and high BMI groups, respectively. Conclusions: In patients on an AI for metastatic HR-positive breast cancer, there was no statistically significant difference in PFS in patients with low versus high BMI. While BMI influences efficacy of AIs in the adjuvant setting, our results demonstrate that in the metastatic setting, BMI does not significantly impact the efficacy of AIs among our patient population. This discrepancy could be due to other differences in disease characteristics that make complete aromatase inhibition more important in the adjuvant setting when disease burden is the lowest. Additional larger studies are needed to confirm this finding. Citation Format: Rima Patel, Zhiqiang Li, Brittney S. Zimmerman, Marc Y. Fink, Jason D. Wells, Xiang Zhou, Kristin L. Ayers, Arielle Redfern, Scott Newman, Rong Chen, William K. Oh, Amy Tiersten. Impact of body mass index on the efficacy of aromatase inhibitors in patients with metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-17-06.

Abstract Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are standard of care in the treatment of early-stage hormone positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). Commonly, these medications cause significant side effects which limit tolerability and often require a change in therapy. Supportive therapies are an essential part of treatment plans to improve adherence and quality of life. Studies in the last decade have demonstrated the critical role of supportive management in mitigating side effects from AI, such as the reduction in AI related joint pain with acupuncture or use of low dose oxybutynin for hot flashes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real world use of supportive therapies for AI toxicities over the last decade and to determine if they were associated with patient adherence to initial AI treatment. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all female patients at our academic institution with early-stage, HR+ BC who were initiated on adjuvant AI therapy between 2011-2020. From the electronic medical record, we collected information on patient demographics, AI side effects (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, joint pains, osteopenia/osteoporosis), use of supportive therapies, and duration of first AI therapy. Primary endpoint was the rate of discontinuation of AI at 1 year among those who used supportive therapies compared with those who did not. The Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and Pearson's Chi-squared test methods were used to compare rates of discontinuation of front-line AI therapy for each group. Results: We identified 990 patients (pts) with early-stage, HR+ BC who were started on adjuvant AI between 2011-2020. Of these patients, 97% (n= 963) had AI related side effects yet only 51% (n=504) received supportive therapies. The overall discontinuation rate within 1 year was 14.8% (147 of 990 pts). Patients who received at least 1 supportive therapy were more likely to remain on AI and had a lower 1 year discontinuation rate of 10% (51 of 504 pts) compared to 20% (96 of 486 pts) for those who did not receive any supportive therapy (p&lt;0.001). The most commonly used supportive therapies were bone strengthening agents, with 35.6% (n=352) of patients receiving either denosumab or zoledronic acid, followed by acupuncture used in 11.2% (n=111) of patients. The use of acupuncture increased in 2018, compared to years prior (35 pts from 2011-2017, and 76 pts from 2018-2020). Similarly, oxybutynin use increased in 2019, compared to years prior (9 pts from 2011-2018, and 28 pts from 2019-2020). Upon further analysis, younger age was significantly associated with a higher 1 year discontinuation rate (median age 62 years in &lt;1 year AI treatment group, and 64 years in &gt;1 year AI treatment group, p=0.003). Race also appeared to have an impact on AI tolerance. Although only 31% (39 of 126 pts; p &lt; 0.001) of Black patients received supportive therapy, this group had the lowest 1 year discontinuation rate at 8.7% (11 of 126 pts). Conversely, 56% (277 of 491 pts) of White patients received at least one supportive therapy, yet had the highest 1 year discontinuation rate at 17% (83 of 491 pts). Conclusions: Supportive therapies are essential to help patients mitigate side effects of AI. Patients who received at least one supportive therapy had increased rates of AI adherence beyond 1 year compared to those who did not receive any supportive treatment. The most commonly used therapies were bone strengthening agents and acupuncture. Use of acupuncture and low dose oxybutynin have increased in the past 3 years and 2 years, respectively, following publication of their efficacy. It is critical to further evaluate the impact that race and age have in relation to duration of treatment and use of supportive management. Further studies on how to improve patient tolerability and adherence to AI therapy are needed. Citation Format: Melanie W Kier, Zhiqiang Li, Brittney S Zimmerman, Rima Patel, Yunchen Yang, Mark Y Fink, Jason D Wells, Xiang Zhou, Scott Newman, Rong Chen, Eric Schadt, William Oh, Amy Tiersten. Impact of supportive therapies on tolerance of aromatase inhibitors in patients with early-stage, hormone-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-11.

Yazılı kaynaklara göre Türklerin ataları tarafından kurulduğu bilinen en eski devlet Asya Hun Devletidir. Hunlarla ilgili en erken kayıtlar M.Ö. 2070 yılında Xia Xou Hanedanlığı’nın efsanevi öyküsüne dayanmaktadır ve buna göre bilinen ilk hükümdarı Chunwei’dir. Çin kaynaklarında bu efsane dışında kuzeyden gelip Çin topraklarına akınlar yapan konar göçerler Rong, Di, Yi, Shan Rong, Quan Yi, Quan Rong olarak adlandırılmaktaydılar. Buna göre Çin Kaynaklarında Hunların atalarına kuzey Di, Xia döneminde Xunyu, Yin döneminde Guifang, Zhou zamanında Yen-yün ve Han zamanında ise Xiongnu denilmiştir. Bunlardan Rong ve Di’ler Zhou Hanedanlığı tarafından yenilgiye uğratıldıktan sonra Sarı Irmağın batısına yerleştirilmişlerdir ve bunlar Kızıl Di ve Ak Di olarak iki kısma ayrılmışlardır. Hunlardan önceki Çin’in kuzey topraklarında adları zikredilen Rong, Di ve Yi kabileleri M.Ö. 771-481 yılları arasında anılmaktadırlar. Çin kaynaklarında bahsi geçen ve Modu’n tarafından itaat altına alınan boylardan biri de daha sonra Türk yazıtlarında Tölesler olarak zikredilen Dinglinglerdir. Modu’nun kuzey ve batı seferleri sırasında ilk kez adı Kırgızlar ile birlikte Modu’nun M.Ö. 201’de gerçekleştireceği Çin akınından önce zikredilen bu konar göçer Türk boyu makalemizin de konusu ile muvazi olarak Baykal Gölü ve çevresini yurt tutmuşlardır. Dinglinglerin atalarının pek çok araştırmacı tarafından Andronovo Kültürü’nü meydana getiren topluluk olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Baykal Gölü ve özellikle güney doğu kıyıları başta olmak üzere Tunç Çağı’ndan itibaren ve Demir Çağı boyunca fazla derin olmayan, geniş granit vb. levhalarla çevrili benzer özelliklere sahip sığ düzenlenmiş mezarlar Orhun havalisine kadar yayılmıştır. M.Ö. 1000 yıllarına kadar dayandırılan ve bu bakımdan Karasuk Kültürü ile diğer taraftan Glazkov Kültürü ile de bağlantıları olduğu düşünülen bu kültür dönemi mezarları özellikle Hunlar tarafından da tatbik edildiğinden oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Andronovo Kültürü’nün ardından son görüldükleri topraklar olması bakımından Hakasya ötesinde meydana gelen gelişmeler oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Zira her ne kadar tarihi kaynaklar bakımından Hunların Moğolların ataları oldukları çürütülse de antropolojik ve maddi kültür bakımından Hunların Baykal ve Yenisey bölgesi konar göçer Evropoidleri ile olan bağlantıları bulunmaktadır. Bu bakımdan Baykal ve Ötüken’e doğru kültürel gelişim devam etmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’de henüz spesifik olarak çalışılmamış ve Hunlarla bağlantıları açıkça görülen Yassı Taş Mezar Kültürü veya Plaka Taş Mezarları olarak adlandırılan dönemin ön kültürlerle olan bağlantılarını ortaya koymaya ve mezar kültürü ve maddi kalıntılar bakımından ilişkilerini ortaya koymaya çalışacağız. Bu bakımdan Kazakistan, Yenisey ve Baykal üçgeninden Moğolistan’a uzanan hat doğrultusunda kültür devamlılığını gösteren Andronovo, Begaz Dandıbay, Karasuk ve Yassı Taş mezarlarının bağlantıları ve Hun mezarlarının özelliklerini belirterek maddi kalıntılar ve özellikle mezar yapı üslubu bakımından kültürel devamlılığı gösterilecek ve coğrafi bakımdan gelinen son noktada Çin Kaynakları referansına göre bölgede erken görülen Türk boyları bağlantıları ortaya konulacaktır.

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Mô tả kiến thức và thực hành phòng tránh tai nạn thương tích của học sinh tại 04 trường Trung học cơ sở huyện Đông Hưng, tỉnh Thái Bình năm 2015. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang có phân tích Kết quả: Tỷ lệ thấp học sinh không biết các biện pháp phòng tránh tai nạn giao thông khi đi bộ (4,9%) và đi xe đạp (2,4%). Hầu hết các em đều để được các biện pháp phòng tránh ngã: không đi chạy, rượt đuổi chỗ rong rêu nước trơn trượt chiếm 67,9%; tiếp theo là không leo trèo cổng, cây cao chiếm 62,9%; không chơi đùa gần nhà máy đang xây dựng chiếm 59,4%; không leo trượt cầu thang, lan can chiếm 59,4%. Chỉ có 4,8% học sinh không biết các biện pháp phòng tránh ngộ độc thức ăn. Có 4,4% học sinh không biết các biện pháp phòng tránh đuối nước. Tỷ lệ học sinh có hành vi chưa đúng trong phòng tránh tai nạn giao thông khá cao: đưa tay xin đường khi muốn rẽ (chiếm 64,1%); có 23,2% học sinh đi xe đạp hàng 2, hàng 3 trong 1 tháng qua; 9,1% học sinh không đội mũ bảo hiểm khi ngồi trên xe máy. Vẫn có 34,5% học sinh đã chạy, đuổi nhau chỗ rong rêu; 19,2% học sinh đã leo trèo cổng cao, cây cao; 12,7% học sinh trèo ghế, đu cánh cửa trong 1 tháng qua. Trong 1 tháng qua vẫn còn 38,9% học sinh ăn thức ăn không rõ nguồn gốc; 10,9% để thức ăn lẫn hoá chất; 8,7% để đồ ăn, thức uống đổi màu, quá hạn sử dụng. Kết luận: Những học sinh được khảo sát có kiến thức và kỹ năng thực hành phòng tránh tai nạn thương tích còn thấp. Cần đẩy mạnh công tác tuyên truyền, giáo dục và rèn luyện các kỹ năng này để cho trẻ phát triển toàn diện cả về thể chất lẫn tinh thần. Từ khóa: Kiến thức và thực hành, tai nạn thương tích, Thái Bình.

Abstract Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a debilitating condition which commonly affects cancer survivors. The management of CRF remains a challenge due to the lack of effective pharmacological interventions. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) could be a potential therapeutic option for CRF. The modified Xiang Bei Yang Rong Tang (XBYRT) is a TCM herbal decoction, formulated to improve fatigue symptoms in cancer survivors. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of XBYRT in improving CRF and quality of life (QOL) of cancer survivors. Methods This is a single centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Eighty cancer survivors will be recruited and randomized to receive the XBYRT or placebo decoction, in a ratio of 1:1. Participants will consume the XBYRT/placebo decoction daily for 8 weeks and undergo assessments at baseline and 4, 8 and 10 weeks after baseline. The participants will be assessed for patient-reported outcomes (PRO), blood biomarkers and adverse events at each time point. The primary outcome is the overall health and QOL status, at 8 weeks follow-up. The secondary outcomes are the effects of XBYRT on fatigue levels, cancer-related cognitive impairment and QOL, as assessed by PRO. The incidence of adverse events and the effects of the XBYRT decoction on blood biomarkers associated with CRF will also be evaluated. Discussion Efficacy and safety outcomes from this trial will provide important clinical data to guide future large-scale randomized controlled trials, and the evaluation of the objective blood biomarkers can help to delineate the biological mechanisms of CRF. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.govNCT04104113. Registered on 26 September 2019

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 1950年代後期及1960年代臺灣詩壇出現三十多位寫現代詩的女詩人，包括蓉子、林泠、敻紅、朶思等，她們的詩風受古典詩歌影響，大多清麗，婉約而含蓄。1980年代中期歐美的女性主義傳入臺灣，先驅者夏宇的詩歌表現女性的覺醒和强烈的、顛覆父權社會權威的思想。許多臺灣女詩人在1990年代已經熱烈投入撰寫表達女性主義思想的詩歌。1998年近十位激進的女詩人成立女鯨詩社，包括李元貞、顔艾琳等。即使是早期崛起的女詩人，也有不少人寫女性主義的主題，但是她們仍舊運用含蓄的手法。本論文討論臺灣女詩人採用了什麽文體策略來表達她們顛覆父權社會思想的内涵。文體策略是指作家在文本中採用某種語調、比喻的手法，暗示手法，或象徵手法等。她們的策略有六：（一）挑戰式的語言，（二）輕嘲的諷刺體，（三）不動聲色的反擊，（四）俏皮搗蛋的戲謔語氣，（五）透過强烈的象徵發聲，（六）閃躲的、匿藏的論述。臺灣的女性主義詩歌因爲採用歷史悠久的婉約詩風，而呈現獨特的風格。 In the late 1950s and the 1960s, there appeared more than thirty women poets in Taiwan, including Rong Zi, Lin Ling, Xiong Hong, Duo Si, etc. They wrote in the gentle, unobtrusive style of traditional Chinese poetry. Feminism was introduced to Taiwan in the 1980s. In the poetry of the pioneer Xia Yu, an awakening is expressed and patriarchal authority is thoroughly subverted. In the 1990s many women poets wrote about Feminist thoughts. Radical women poets such as Li Yuanzhen and Yan Ailin formed the Female Whale Poetry Society in 1998. Earlier women poets also wrote about Feminism, but in an unobtrusive style. This article studies the literary strategies of using certain tone, simile, metaphor, symbol, etc. by these women poets. The strategies include 1) a challenging language, 2) a light satirical tone, 3) unobtrusive retaliation, 4) mischievous jest, 5) speaking through a strong symbol and 6) a dodging, elusive discourse. Because Taiwan women poets adopt some elements in traditional wanyue writing, their Feminist writing presents a unique style.

The curtain rose. The howling of desert wind filled the performance hall in the Shanghai Grand Theatre. Into the center stage, where a scenic construction of a mountain cliff and a desert landscape was dimly lit, entered the character of the Daoist priest Wang Yuanlu (1849–1931), performed by Chen Yizong. Dressed in a worn and dusty outfit of dark blue cotton, characteristic of Daoist priests, Wang began to sweep the floor. After a few moments, he discovered a hidden chambre sealed inside one of the rock sanctuaries carved into the cliff.Signaled by the quick, crystalline, stirring wave of sound from the chimes, a melodious Chinese ocarina solo joined in slowly from the background. Astonished by thousands of Buddhist sūtra scrolls, wall paintings, and sculptures he had just accidentally discovered in the caves, Priest Wang set his broom aside and began to examine these treasures. Dawn had not yet arrived, and the desert sky was pitch-black. Priest Wang held his oil lamp high, strode rhythmically in excitement, sat crossed-legged in a meditative pose, and unfolded a scroll. The sound of the ocarina became fuller and richer and the texture of the music more complex, as several other instruments joined in.Below is the opening scene of the award-winning, theatrical dance-drama Dunhuang, My Dreamland, created by China’s state-sponsored Lanzhou Song and Dance Theatre in 2000. Figure 1a: Poster Side A of Dunhuang, My Dreamland Figure 1b: Poster Side B of Dunhuang, My DreamlandThe scene locates the dance-drama in the rock sanctuaries that today are known as the Dunhuang Mogao Caves, housing Buddhist art accumulated over a period of a thousand years, one of the best well-known UNESCO heritages on the Silk Road. Historically a frontier metropolis, Dunhuang was a strategic site along the Silk Road in northwestern China, a crossroads of trade, and a locus for religious, cultural, and intellectual influences since the Han dynasty (206 B.C.E.–220 C.E.). Travellers, especially Buddhist monks from India and central Asia, passing through Dunhuang on their way to Chang’an (present day Xi’an), China’s ancient capital, would stop to meditate in the Mogao Caves and consult manuscripts in the monastery's library. At the same time, Chinese pilgrims would travel by foot from China through central Asia to Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, playing a key role in the exchanges between ancient China and the outside world. Travellers from China would stop to acquire provisions at Dunhuang before crossing the Gobi Desert to continue on their long journey abroad. Figure 2: Dunhuang Mogao CavesThis article approaches the idea of “abroad” by examining the present-day imagination of journeys along the Silk Road—specifically, staged performances of the various Silk Road journey-themed dance-dramas sponsored by the Chinese state for enhancing its cultural and foreign policies since the 1970s (Kuang).As ethnomusicologists have demonstrated, musicians, choreographers, and playwrights often utilise historical materials in their performances to construct connections between the past and the present (Bohlman; Herzfeld; Lam; Rees; Shelemay; Tuohy; Wade; Yung: Rawski; Watson). The ancient Silk Road, which linked the Mediterranean coast with central China and beyond, via oasis towns such as Samarkand, has long been associated with the concept of “journeying abroad.” Journeys to distant, foreign lands and encounters of unknown, mysterious cultures along the Silk Road have been documented in historical records, such as A Record of Buddhist Kingdoms (Faxian) and The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions (Xuanzang), and illustrated in classical literature, such as The Travels of Marco Polo (Polo) and the 16th century Chinese novel Journey to the West (Wu). These journeys—coming and going from multiple directions and to different destinations—have inspired contemporary staged performance for audiences around the globe.Home and Abroad: Dunhuang and the Silk RoadDunhuang, My Dreamland (2000), the contemporary dance-drama, staged the journey of a young pilgrim painter travelling from Chang’an to a land of the unfamiliar and beyond borders, in search for the arts that have inspired him. Figure 3: A scene from Dunhuang, My Dreamland showing the young pilgrim painter in the Gobi Desert on the ancient Silk RoadFar from his home, he ended his journey in Dunhuang, historically considered the northwestern periphery of China, well beyond Yangguan and Yumenguan, the bordering passes that separate China and foreign lands. Later scenes in Dunhuang, My Dreamland, portrayed through multiethnic music and dances, the dynamic interactions among merchants, cultural and religious envoys, warriors, and politicians that were making their own journey from abroad to China. The theatrical dance-drama presents a historically inspired, re-imagined vision of both “home” and “abroad” to its audiences as they watch the young painter travel along the Silk Road, across the Gobi Desert, arriving at his own ideal, artistic “homeland”, the Dunhuang Mogao Caves. Since his journey is ultimately a spiritual one, the conceptualisation of travelling “abroad” could also be perceived as “a journey home.”Staged more than four hundred times since it premiered in Beijing in April 2000, Dunhuang, My Dreamland is one of the top ten titles in China’s National Stage Project and one of the most successful theatrical dance-dramas ever produced in China. With revenue of more than thirty million renminbi (RMB), it ranks as the most profitable theatrical dance-drama ever produced in China, with a preproduction cost of six million RMB. The production team receives financial support from China’s Ministry of Culture for its “distinctive ethnic features,” and its “aim to promote traditional Chinese culture,” according to Xu Rong, an official in the Cultural Industry Department of the Ministry. Labeled an outstanding dance-drama of the Chinese nation, it aims to present domestic and international audiences with a vision of China as a historically multifaceted and cosmopolitan nation that has been in close contact with the outside world through the ancient Silk Road. Its production company has been on tour in selected cities throughout China and in countries abroad, including Austria, Spain, and France, literarily making the young pilgrim painter’s “journey along the Silk Road” a new journey abroad, off stage and in reality.Dunhuang, My Dreamland was not the first, nor is it the last, staged performances that portrays the Chinese re-imagination of “journeying abroad” along the ancient Silk Road. It was created as one of many versions of Dunhuang bihua yuewu, a genre of music, dance, and dramatic performances created in the early twentieth century and based primarily on artifacts excavated from the Mogao Caves (Kuang). “The Mogao Caves are the greatest repository of early Chinese art,” states Mimi Gates, who works to increase public awareness of the UNESCO site and raise funds toward its conservation. “Located on the Chinese end of the Silk Road, it also is the place where many cultures of the world intersected with one another, so you have Greek and Roman, Persian and Middle Eastern, Indian and Chinese cultures, all interacting. Given the nature of our world today, it is all very relevant” (Pollack). As an expressive art form, this genre has been thriving since the late 1970s contributing to the global imagination of China’s “Silk Road journeys abroad” long before Dunhuang, My Dreamland achieved its domestic and international fame. For instance, in 2004, The Thousand-Handed and Thousand-Eyed Avalokiteśvara—one of the most representative (and well-known) Dunhuang bihua yuewu programs—was staged as a part of the cultural program during the Paralympic Games in Athens, Greece. This performance, as well as other Dunhuang bihua yuewu dance programs was the perfect embodiment of a foreign religion that arrived in China from abroad and became Sinicized (Kuang). Figure 4: Mural from Dunhuang Mogao Cave No. 45A Brief History of Staging the Silk Road JourneysThe staging of the Silk Road journeys abroad began in the late 1970s. Historically, the Silk Road signifies a multiethnic, cosmopolitan frontier, which underwent incessant conflicts between Chinese sovereigns and nomadic peoples (as well as between other groups), but was strongly imbued with the customs and institutions of central China (Duan, Mair, Shi, Sima). In the twentieth century, when China was no longer an empire, but had become what the early 20th-century reformer Liang Qichao (1873–1929) called “a nation among nations,” the long history of the Silk Road and the colourful, legendary journeys abroad became instrumental in the formation of a modern Chinese nation of unified diversity rooted in an ancient cosmopolitan past. The staged Silk Road theme dance-dramas thus participate in this formation of the Chinese imagination of “nation” and “abroad,” as they aestheticise Chinese history and geography. History and geography—aspects commonly considered constituents of a nation as well as our conceptualisations of “abroad”—are “invariably aestheticized to a certain degree” (Bakhtin 208). Diverse historical and cultural elements from along the Silk Road come together in this performance genre, which can be considered the most representative of various possible stagings of the history and culture of the Silk Road journeys.In 1979, the Chinese state officials in Gansu Province commissioned the benchmark dance-drama Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road, a spectacular theatrical dance-drama praising the pure and noble friendship which existed between the peoples of China and other countries in the Tang dynasty (618-907 C.E.). While its plot also revolves around the Dunhuang Caves and the life of a painter, staged at one of the most critical turning points in modern Chinese history, the work as a whole aims to present the state’s intention of re-establishing diplomatic ties with the outside world after the Cultural Revolution. Unlike Dunhuang, My Dreamland, it presents a nation’s journey abroad and home. To accomplish this goal, Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road introduces the fictional character Yunus, a wealthy Persian merchant who provides the audiences a vision of the historical figure of Peroz III, the last Sassanian prince, who after the Arab conquest of Iran in 651 C.E., found refuge in China. By incorporating scenes of ethnic and folk dances, the drama then stages the journey of painter Zhang’s daughter Yingniang to Persia (present-day Iran) and later, Yunus’s journey abroad to the Tang dynasty imperial court as the Persian Empire’s envoy.Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road, since its debut at Beijing’s Great Hall of the People on the first of October 1979 and shortly after at the Theatre La Scala in Milan, has been staged in more than twenty countries and districts, including France, Italy, Japan, Thailand, Russia, Latvia, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and recently, in 2013, at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York.“The Road”: Staging the Journey TodayWithin the contemporary context of global interdependencies, performing arts have been used as strategic devices for social mobilisation and as a means to represent and perform modern national histories and foreign policies (Davis, Rees, Tian, Tuohy, Wong, David Y. H. Wu). The Silk Road has been chosen as the basis for these state-sponsored, extravagantly produced, and internationally staged contemporary dance programs. In 2008, the welcoming ceremony and artistic presentation at the Olympic Games in Beijing featured twenty apsara dancers and a Dunhuang bihua yuewu dancer with long ribbons, whose body was suspended in mid-air on a rectangular LED extension held by hundreds of performers; on the giant LED screen was a depiction of the ancient Silk Road.In March 2013, Chinese president Xi Jinping introduced the initiatives “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” during his journeys abroad in Kazakhstan and Indonesia. These initiatives are now referred to as “One Belt, One Road.” The State Council lists in details the policies and implementation plans for this initiative on its official web page, www.gov.cn. In April 2013, the China Institute in New York launched a yearlong celebration, starting with "Dunhuang: Buddhist Art and the Gateway of the Silk Road" with a re-creation of one of the caves and a selection of artifacts from the site. In March 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China’s top economic planning agency, released a new action plan outlining key details of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative. Xi Jinping has made the program a centrepiece of both his foreign and domestic economic policies. One of the central economic strategies is to promote cultural industry that could enhance trades along the Silk Road.Encouraged by the “One Belt, One Road” policies, in March 2016, The Silk Princess premiered in Xi’an and was staged at the National Centre for the Performing Arts in Beijing the following July. While Dunhuang, My Dreamland and Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road were inspired by the Buddhist art found in Dunhuang, The Silk Princess, based on a story about a princess bringing silk and silkworm-breeding skills to the western regions of China in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) has a different historical origin. The princess's story was portrayed in a woodblock from the Tang Dynasty discovered by Sir Marc Aurel Stein, a British archaeologist during his expedition to Xinjiang (now Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region) in the early 19th century, and in a temple mural discovered during a 2002 Chinese-Japanese expedition in the Dandanwulike region. Figure 5: Poster of The Silk PrincessIn January 2016, the Shannxi Provincial Song and Dance Troupe staged The Silk Road, a new theatrical dance-drama. Unlike Dunhuang, My Dreamland, the newly staged dance-drama “centers around the ‘road’ and the deepening relationship merchants and travellers developed with it as they traveled along its course,” said Director Yang Wei during an interview with the author. According to her, the show uses seven archetypes—a traveler, a guard, a messenger, and so on—to present the stories that took place along this historic route. Unbounded by specific space or time, each of these archetypes embodies the foreign-travel experience of a different group of individuals, in a manner that may well be related to the social actors of globalised culture and of transnationalism today. Figure 6: Poster of The Silk RoadConclusionAs seen in Rain of Flowers along the Silk Road and Dunhuang, My Dreamland, staging the processes of Silk Road journeys has become a way of connecting the Chinese imagination of “home” with the Chinese imagination of “abroad.” Staging a nation’s heritage abroad on contemporary stages invites a new imagination of homeland, borders, and transnationalism. Once aestheticised through staged performances, such as that of the Dunhuang bihua yuewu, the historical and topological landscape of Dunhuang becomes a performed narrative, embodying the national heritage.The staging of Silk Road journeys continues, and is being developed into various forms, from theatrical dance-drama to digital exhibitions such as the Smithsonian’s Pure Land: Inside the Mogao Grottes at Dunhuang (Stromberg) and the Getty’s Cave Temples of Dunhuang: Buddhist Art on China's Silk Road (Sivak and Hood). 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Graphene-based composites have received a great deal of attention in recent year because the presence of graphene can enhance the conductivity, strength of bulk materials and help create composites with superior qualities. Moreover, the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles such as Fe3O4 can improve the catalytic efficiency of composite material. In this work, we have synthesized a composite material with the combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and Fe3O4 modified tissue-paper (mGO-PP) via a simple hydrothermal method, which improved the removal efficiency of the of methylene blue (MB) in water. MB blue is used as the model of contaminant to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of synthesized material by using a Fenton-like reaction. The obtained materials were characterized by SEM, XRD. The removal of materials with methylene blue is investigated by UV-VIS spectroscopy, and the result shows that mGO-PP composite is the potential composite for the color removed which has the removal efficiency reaching 65% in acetate buffer pH = 3 with the optimal time is 7 h. Keywords Graphene-based composite, methylene blue, Fenton-like reaction. References [1] Ma Joshi, Rue Bansal, Reng Purwar, Colour removal from textile effluents, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 29 (2004) 239-259 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/24631.[2] Kannan Nagar, Sundaram Mariappan, Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption on various carbons-a comparative study, Dyes and pigments, 51 (2001) 25-40 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(01)00056-0.[3] K Rastogi, J. N Sahu, B. C Meikap, M. 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A doença mão-pé-boca é uma infecção viral, normalmente benigna que afeta comumente crianças até 10 anos, causada pelos enterovírus humano. O propósito deste estudo foi revisar os aspectos da doença que se faz presente nos dias atuais abordando a etiologia, epidemiologia, surtos, sintomatologia e comorbidades, diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento. Foram selecionadas publicações em periódicos referenciados nas fontes de dados do Google Acadêmico, Pubmed e Periódicos Capes com as palavras chaves relacionadas ao tema desse trabalho como doença mão-pé-boca e crianças, sendo selecionados artigos produzidos até 2017. Apesar de diagnóstico clínico aparentemente simples, a doença pode ser confundida com outras enfermidades por suas características semelhantes, que podem induzir o colega odontólogo ao equívoco de diagnóstico.Descritores: Doença de Mão, Pé e Boca; Diagnóstico, Odontopediatria.ReferênciasSarkar PK, Sarker NK, Tayab A. Hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd):an update. 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