Relevant bibliographies by topics / ROOT and GEANT4 simulations

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'ROOT and GEANT4 simulations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ROOT and GEANT4 simulations"

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Hřivnáčová, Ivana, and Benedikt Volkel. "New Developments in the VMC Project." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024502005.

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Virtual Monte Carlo (VMC) provides a unified interface to different detector simulation transport engines such as GEANT3 and GEANT4. Since recently all the VMC packages (the VMC core library, also included in ROOT, and the GEANT3 and GEANT4 VMC) are distributed via the VMC Project GitHub organization. In addition to these VMC related packages, the VMC project also includes the Virtual Geometry Model (VGM), which is optionally used in GEANT4 VMC for conversion between GEANT4 and ROOT TGeo geometry models. In this contribution we will present the new organization of the VMC project at GitHub and new developments in the VMC interfaces and the VMC packages. We will cover the introduction of the sensitive detector interface in the VMC core and both GEANT3 and GEANT4 VMC and the new GEANT4-related developments. GEANT4 VMC 3.0 with the integration of multithreading processing was presented at CHEP in 2015. In this presentation we will report on new features included since this version: the improved support for magnetic fields, the integration of fast simulation, Garfield physics, GEANT4 transition radiation and monopole physics. Five new VMC examples demonstrating these new features, and serving also for tests, will be also discussed. Finally we will mention the work towards the code quality and improvements in testing, documentation and automated code formatting.
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Freyermuth, Luc, Dmitri Konstantinov, Grigorii Latyshev, Ivan Razumov, Witold Pokorski, and Alberto Ribon. "Geant-val:." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921405002.

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One of the key factors for the successful development of Monte- Carlo programs for physics simulations is to properly organize regression testing and validation. Geant4, the world-standard toolkit for HEP detector simulation, heavily relies on this activity. The CERN SFT group, which contributes to the development, testing, deployment and support of the toolkit, is also in charge of running on a monthly basis a set of community-developed tests using the development releases of Geant4. We present the web application Geant-val developed for visualizing the results of these tests so that comparisons between different Geant4 releases can be made. The application is written using the Express.js, Node.js and Angular frameworks and uses PostgreSQL for storing test results. Test results are visualised using ROOT and JSROOT. In addition to pure visual comparisons, we perform different statistical tests (χ2, Kolmogorov- Smirnov, etc.) on the client side using JavaScript Web Workers.
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Wenzel, Sandro, John Apostolakis, and Gabriele Cosmo. "A VecGeom navigator plugin for Geant4." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024502024.

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VecGeom is a geometry modeller library with hit-detection features as needed by particle detector simulation at the LHC and beyond. It was incubated by a Geant-R&D initiative and the motivation to combine the code of Geant4 and ROOT/TGeo into a single, better maintainable piece of software within the EU-AIDA program. So far, VecGeom is mainly used by LHC experiments as a geometry primitive library called from Geant4, where it was shown to provide 7–12% reduction in CPU time due to its faster algorithms for complex primitives [1]. In this contribution, we discuss how VecGeom can be used as the navigating library in Geant4 in order to benefit from both its fast geometry primitives as well as its vectorised navigation module. We investigate whether this integration provides the speed improvements expected, in addition to the gain obtained from geometry primitives. We discuss and benchmark the application of a VecGeomnavigator plugin to Geant4 for a simplified geometry and show paths towards production usage.
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Gheata, A., and M. Gheata. "An interface for GEANT4 simulation using ROOT geometry navigation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 119, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 042014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/119/4/042014.

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Lattuada, D., M. La Cognata, A. Anzalone, D. L. Balabanski, S. Chesnevskaya, M. Costa, V. Crucillà, et al. "A Geant4-based Monte Carlo Tool for Nuclear Astrophysics." EPJ Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/2018184020008.

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Present and future gamma-beam facilities represent a great opportunity to validate and evaluate the cross-sections of many photonuclear reactions at near-threshold energies, whose data mostly come from theoretical calculations. We developed a Monte Carlo (MC) software that makes use of the validatedtracking Geant4 libraries and the n-body event generator of ROOT libraries in order to provide a fast, realiable and complete MC tool to be used for nuclear physics experiments, with a particular focus on photo-nuclear processes. We discuss the results of the MC simulations performed in order to evaluate the effects of the electromagnetic background, the straggling of the emitted particles due to the target thickness and the resolution of the silicon detectors. Finally we present the preliminary results on some nuclear reactions involved in the p-process, which will be studied with ELISSA and the GBS at ELI-NP.
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Petricˇ, Marko, Markus Frank, Frank Gaede, and André Sailer. "New Developments in DD4hep." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 02037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921402037.

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For a successful experiment, it is of utmost importance to provide a consistent detector description. This is also the main motivation behind DD4hep, which addresses detector description in a broad sense including the geometry and the materials used in the device, and additional parameters describing, e.g., the detection techniques, constants required for alignment and calibration, description of the readout structures and conditions data. An integral part of DD4hep is DDG4 which is a powerful tool that converts arbitrary DD4hep detector geometries to Geant4 and provides access to all Geant4 action stages. It is equipped with a comprehensive plugins suite that includes handling of different IO formats; Monte Carlo truth linking and a large set of segmentation and sensitive detector classes, allowing the simulation of a wide variety of detector technologies. In the following, recent developments in DD4hep/DDG4 like the addition of a ROOT based persistency mechanism for the detector description and the development of framework support for DDG4 are highlighted. Through this mechanism an experiment’s data processing framework can interface its essential tools to all DDG4 actions. This allows for simple integration of DD4hep into existing experiment frameworks.
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Lin, Tao, Jiaheng Zou, Weidong Li, Ziyan Deng, Guofu Cao, Xingtao Huang, and Zhengyun You. "Status of the parallelized JUNO simulation software." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921402008.

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The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment. It consists of a central detector, a water pool and a tracker placed on top. The central detector, which is used for neutrino detection, consists of a 20 kt liquid scintillator target and about 18,000 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) to detect scintillation photons. Simulation software is an important part of the JUNO offline software. To speed up the simulation, a parallelized simulation framework has been developed based on the SNiPER framework and Geant4 version 10. The SNiPER task components are in charge of the event loop, which can run in sequential mode, Intel TBB mode and other modes. Based on SNiPER, the simulation framework and its underlying parallel libraries have been decoupled. However, parallelized simulation of correlated events is a challenge. In order to keep the correct event order, a component called global buffer is developed in SNiPER. In this paper, an overview of the parallelized JUNO simulation framework is presented. The global buffer is used in the parallelized event correlation simulation. An event generator produces events with timestamps in sequential mode. These events are put into the global buffer and processed by the detector simulation algorithms in different tasks. After simulation, the events are saved into ROOT files with a ROOT I/O service running in a dedicated thread. Finally, the software performance is presented.
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Toth, Arpad, Milana Marjanovic, Ivan Gencel, and Borislava Petrovic. "Novel design of radiotherapy room suggestion - three-band maze." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 36, no. 4 (2021): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp2104371t.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the dependence of the neutron dose from the geometry of the second band of the maze using dosimetric measurements of neutrons and Monte Carlo simulations, and based on those results to design a novel radiotherapy room layout. Measurements of the neutron dose at a two-band maze therapy room were performed for a 15 MeV photon beam only. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the GEANT4 toolkit. In order to obtain the geometry dependence, we were changing the second band angle while we kept the length, height, and width the same as in reality. Results show that the highest calculated dose was obtained for the 60? angle of the second maze. It is 17 % higher than for standard 0? angle. For 30? it was 30 % smaller and for 90? was 10% smaller. Although the lowest dose was obtained for 30? band angle with calculations, it is not very practical for clinical use. Clinically the most interesting would be the 90? angle which is practically a short three-band maze, which could be promising from the perspective of neutron radiation protection since it could offer a compact constructional solution, and better optimization of the available space.
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Undrus, Alexander. "ATLAS Software Installation on Supercomputers." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 03040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921403040.

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PowerPC and high-performance computers (HPC) are important resources for computing in the ATLAS experiment. The future LHC data processing will require more resources than Grid computing, currently using approximately 100,000 cores at well over 100 sites, can provide. Supercomputers are extremely powerful as they utilize hundreds of thousands of CPUs joined together. However, their architectures have different instruction sets. ATLAS binary software distributions for x86 chipsets do not fit these architectures, as emulation of these chipsets results in huge performance loss. This paper describes the methodology of ATLAS software installation from source code on supercomputers. The installation procedure includes downloading the ATLAS simulation release code with 0.7 million C++ and Python lines as well as the source code of more than 50 external packages, such as ROOT and Geant4, followed by compilation, and rigorous unit and integration testing. The presentation reports the application of this procedure at Titan HPC and Summit PowerPC at Oak Ridge Computing Facility (OLCF).
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Sailer, André, Gerardo Ganis, Pere Mato, Marko Petrič, and Graeme A. Stewart. "Towards a Turnkey Software Stack for HEP Experiments." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024510002.

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Future HEP experiments require detailed simulation and advanced reconstruction algorithms to explore the physics reach of their proposed machines and to design, optimise, and study the detector geometry and performance. To synergize the development of the CLIC and FCC software efforts, the CERN EP R&D roadmap proposes the creation of a “Turnkey Software Stack”, which is foreseen to provide all the necessary ingredients, from simulation to analysis, for future experiments; not only CLIC and FCC, but also for proposed Super-tau-charm factories, CEPC, and ILC. The software stack will facilitate writing specific software for experiments ensuring coherency and maximising the re-use of established packages to benefit from existing solutions and community developments, for example, ROOT, Geant4, DD4hep, Gaudi and podio. As a showcase for the software stack, the existing CLIC reconstruction software, written for iLCSoft, is being to be ported to Gaudi. In parallel, the back-end of the LCIO event data model can be replaced by an implementation in podio. These changes will enable the sharing of the algorithms with other users of the software stack. We will present the current status and plans of the turnkey software stack, with a focus of the adaptation of the CLIC reconstruction chain to Gaudi and podio, and detail the plans for future developments to generalise their applicability to FCC and beyond.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ROOT and GEANT4 simulations"

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Ekelund, Emil, and Skoglösa David Fogelberg. "Geant4 Simulations of Hadron Therapy and Refinement of User Interface." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254374.

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Radiotherapy is one of the most used methods for treating cancer and the most common way to execute such treatments is to irradiate tumors with high energy photons. This can damage healthy tissue along the irradiation line. By using hadron therapy and instead irradiate the tumor with charged particles (protons or Carbon 12 ions), the energy can be concentrated to a more specific place in the body. However, the method is not well studied and the tools available for simulating hadron therapy can be hard to use. When simulating hadron therapy and other nuclear interactions a large amount of calculations need to be executed. Monte Carlo methods is a numerical method to solve equations based on repeated number sampling and is used in the simulation program Geant4. Hadron therapy was simulated with Geant4 and the data was analyzed with the data analysis framework ROOT. New macros and analysis scripts were created with the intention to help new Geant4 users. The aim to make Geant4 easier to use was partially met. The implementation of code for the low energy region of Carbon 12 projectiles was unsuccessful.
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Bandieramonte, Marilena. "Muon Portal project: Tracks reconstruction, automated object recognition and visualization techniques for muon tomography data analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3751.

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The present Ph.D. thesis is contextualized within the Muon Portal project, a project dedicated to the creation of a tomograph for the control and scanning of containers at the border in order to reveal smuggled fissile material by means of the cosmic muons scattering. This work aims to extend and consolidate the research in the field of muon tomography in the context of applied physics. The main purpose of the thesis is to investigate new techniques for reconstruction of muon tracks within the detector and new approaches to the analysis of data from muon tomography for the automatic objects recognition and the 3D visualization, thus making possi- ble the realization of a tomography of the entire container. The research work was divided into different phases, described in this thesis document: from a prelimi- nary speculative study of the state of the art on the tracking issue and on the tracks reconstruction algorithms, to the study on the Muon Portal detector performance in the case of particle tracking at low and high multiplicity. A substantial part of the work was devoted to the study of different image reconstruction techniques based on the POCA algorithm (Point of Closest Approach) and the iterative EM-LM algorithm (Expectation-Maximization). In addition, more advanced methods for the tracks reconstruction and visualization, such as data-mining techniques and clustering algorithms have been the subject of the research and development ac- tivity which has culminated in the development of an unsupervised multiphase clustering algorithm (modified-Friends-of-Friends) for the muon tomography data analysis.
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Persson, Daniel. "Application of GEANT4 toolkit for simulations of high gradient phenomena." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353347.

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To study electron emissions and dark currents in the accelerating structures in particle colliders, a test facility with a spectrometer has been constructed at CERN. This spectrometer has been simulated in the C++ toolkit GEANT4 and in this project the simulation has been improved to handle new realistic input data of the emitted electrons. The goal was to find relations between where the electrons are emitted inside the accelerating structure and the energy or position of the particles measured by the spectrometer. The result was that there is a linear relation between the initial position of the electrons and the width in the positions of the particles measured by the spectrometer. It also appears to be a relations between energy the emitted electrons get in the accelerating structure, which is related to the position, and the energy they deposit in the spectrometer. Further studies where the simulations are compared with real measurement data are required to determine whether these relations are true or not, find better reliability in the relations and get a better understanding of the phenomena.
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Ersmark, Tore. "Geant4 Monte Carlo Simulations of the International Space Station Radiation Environment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4007.

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Pham, Quang Trung. "Couplage et validation de l'extension GeantA-DNA dans la plateforme de simulation Monte Carlo GATE pour l'irradiation de molécules d'ADN dans un environnement de grille de calcul." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22456/document.

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Les méthodes de simulation Monte-Carlo s’étendent avec succès à différents domaines de la physique médicale mais aussi à différentes échelles, par exemple de la planification des traitements de radiothérapie jusqu’à une prévision des effets des rayonnements au niveau des cellules cancéreuses. La plateforme de simulation Monte-Carlo GATE, basée sur l’outil Geant4, propose des fonctionnalités dédiées aux simulations en physique médicale (médecine nucléaire et radiothérapie). Pour les applications en radiobiologie, les modèles physiques Geant4-DNA implémentés jusqu’à très basse énergie (eV) permettent d’estimer des quantités micro-dosimétriques d’intérêt. Dans le but d’implémenter une plateforme de simulation Monte-Carlo multi-échelles, nous nous sommes d’abord intéressés à la validation des modèles physiques de Geant4-DNA, puis à leur intégration dans la plateforme de simulation GATE et enfin à une validation de cette implémentation dans un contexte de radiothérapie et protonthérapie. De manière à valider les modèles physiques de Geant4-DNA, des points kernels de dose en électrons mono-énergétiques (de 10 keV à 100 keV) ont été simulés en utilisant les modèles physiques de Geant4 et de Geant4-DNA et ils ont comparés au code Monte-Carlo EGSnrc. Les parcours et pouvoirs d’arrêts des électrons (de 7,4 eV à 1 MeV) et des protons (de 1 keV à 100 MeV) calculés avec Geant4-DNA (processus et modèles préalablement intégrés dans GATE) ont ensuite été validés. Nous avons alors proposé de simuler avec la plateforme GATE l’impact de faisceaux cliniques et pré-cliniques sur l’ADN cellulaire. Nous avons ainsi modélisé un faisceau de protonthérapie de 193,1 MeV, un accélérateur linéaire en mode électrons de 6 MeV et un irradiateur RX de 250 kV. Ces simulations ont d’abord été validées en milieu aqueux par une comparaison de la dose macroscopique avec des mesures expérimentales. Les faisceaux ont ensuite été utilisés pour calculer, pour chacun d’entre eux, les fréquences de dépôts d’énergie à l’ADN. La molécule d’ADN a été simulée tout d’abord grâce à des cylindres équivalents en dimension à 10 paires de base (2 nm x 2 nm), équivalents à la taille d’un nucléosome (10 nm x 5 nm) et équivalents à la taille d’une fibre de chromatine (25 nm x 25 nm). Tous ces cylindres ont été placés aléatoirement dans un volume d’eau liquide (de rayon 500 nm). Nous avons ensuite reconstruit la molécule d’ADN dans Geant4 à partir de la lecture de fichiers PDB (Protein Data Bank) représentant douze paires de base de la molécule d’ADN et un dinucléosome (347 paires de base). Enfin, nous avons développé un outil permettant de corréler les positions de dépôts d’énergie directs dans l’eau liquide avec les coordonnées des paires de base de l’ADN, afin de calculer les nombres de cassures simple et double brin de l’ADN. Tous les calculs réalisés au cours de ce travail, ont été déployés sur l’Infrastructure de Grille Européenne ; des tests de performance sont proposés pour mesurer l’intérêt de ce type d’architecture pour les calculs Monte-Carlo
The Monte Carlo simulation methods are successfully being used in various areas of medical physics but also at different scales, for example, from the radiation therapy treatment planning systems to the prediction of the effects of radiation in cancer cells. The Monte Carlo simulation platform GATE based on the Geant4 toolkit offers features dedicated to simulations in medical physics (nuclear medicine and radiotherapy). For radiobiology applications, the Geant4-DNA physical models are implemented to track particles till very low energy (eV) and are adapted for estimation of micro-dosimetric quantities. In order to implement a multi-scale Monte Carlo platform, we first validated the physical models of Geant4-DNA, and integrated them into GATE. Finally, we validated this implementation in the context of radiation therapy and proton therapy. In order to validate the Geant4-DNA physical models, dose point kernels for monoenergetic electrons (10 keV to 100 keV) were simulated using the physical models of Geant4-DNA and were compared to those simulated with Geant4 Standard physical models and another Monte Carlo code EGSnrc. The range and the stopping powers of electrons (7.4 eV to 1 MeV) and protons (1 keV to 100 MeV) calculated with GATE/Geant4-DNA were then compared with literature. We proposed to simulate with the GATE platform the impact of clinical and preclinical beams on cellular DNA. We modeled a clinical proton beam of 193.1 MeV, 6 MeV clinical electron beam and a X-ray irradiator beam. The beams models were validated by comparing absorbed dose computed and measured in liquid water. Then, the beams were used to calculate the frequency of energy deposits in DNA represented by different geometries. First, the DNA molecule was represented by small cylinders : 2 nm x 2 nm ( 10 bp), 5 nm x 10 nm ( nucleosome) and 25 nm x 25 nm ( chromatin fiber). All these cylinders were placed randomly in a sphere of liquid water (500 nm radius). Then we reconstructed the DNA molecule in Geant4 by reading PDB (Protein Data Bank) files representing twelve base pairs of the DNA molecule and a dinucleosome (347 base pairs). Finally, we developed a tool to correlate the positions of direct energy deposit in liquid water with the coordinates of the base pairs of DNA to calculate the number of single and double strand breaks in DNA. All calculations in this work were perfomed on the European Grid Infrastructure; performance tests are available to estimate the utility of this type of architecture for Monte Carlo calculations
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Baroncelli, Leonardo. "Use of POWER8 architecture for High Energy Physics simulations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Il seguente elaborato di tesi è svolto nel contesto di una accordo tra le organizzazioni INAF e CERNOpenLab per esplorare le possibilità computazionali dell’architettura IBM POWER nel contesto della fisica delle alte energie. Nel primo capitolo si illustrano le sfide che la prossima generazione di esperimenti porranno alla comunità scientifica. Tra queste sfide, è evidenziata la grande richiesta di tempo di calcolo dei metodi Monte Carlo per il Particles Transport. Anche un piccolo incremento di velocità delle simulazioni farebbe risparmiare alla comunità scientifica centinaia di migliaia di euro all’anno. Viene quindi descritto il software Geant4 e presentata la sua evoluzione, il progetto GeantV. Lo scopo di quest’ultimo è sfruttare completamente le caratteristiche dei processori moderni, come l’architettura IBM POWER di cui vengono delineate le caratteristiche principali. Nel secondo capitolo si porta a termine la validazione scientifica di un insieme di modelli fisici di Geant4 sulla CPU POWER8E, nel contesto della missione e-ASTROGAM. Nel terzo capitolo vengono confrontate le velocità delle CPU POWER8NVL e Xeon E5-2697 misurando il tempo di calcolo su di un codice Geant4 di simulazione. Si mostra un problema di efficienza nel test a singolo thread. La causa del problema viene ricondotta all’utilizzo del compilatore GCC. Il problema viene risolto attraverso l’utilizzo del compilatore XL. Lo stesso codice di simulazione viene quindi eseguito in modalità multi thread e viene verificata la scalabità in entrambe le CPU. Nel quarto capitolo, si compilano sull’architettura POWER8NVL, le librerie delle dipendenze software di GeantV, risolvendo gli errori di compilazione incontrati. Infine si compilano le librerie di GeantV come primo passo verso una futura integrazione tra GeantV e l’architettura POWER. Nel capitolo conclusivo, si riassumono i risultati ottenuti e vengono prestantate una serie di possibili strategie per aumentare l’efficienza computazionale del POWER.
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Perrot, Yann. "Evaluation de la dose déposée par des faisceaux d'électrons en radiothérapie dans des fantômes voxelisés en utilisant la plateforme de simulation Monte Carlo GATE fondée sur GEANT4 dans un environnement de grille." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721940.

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La planification de traitement en radiothérapie nécessite un calcul précis de la dose délivrée au patient. La méthode la plus fiable pour y parvenir est la simulation du transport des particules par technique Monte Carlo. Cette thèse constitue la première étude concernant la validation de la plateforme de simulation Monte Carlo GATE (GEANT4 Application for Tomographic Emission), basée sur les librairies de GEANT4 (GEometry ANd Tracking), pour le calcul de la dose absorbée déposée par des faisceaux d'électrons. L'objectif de cette thèse est de montrer que GATE/GEANT4 est capable d'atteindre le niveau d'exigences requis pour le calcul de la dose absorbée lors d'une planification de traitement, dans des situations où les algorithmes analytiques, actuellement utilisés dans les services de radiothérapie, n'atteignent pas un niveau de précision satisfaisant. L'enjeu est de prouver que GATE/GEANT4 est adapté pour la planification de traitement utilisant des électrons et capable de rivaliser avec d'autres codes Monte Carlo reconnus. Cet enjeu a été démontré par la simulation avec GATE/GEANT4 de faisceaux et des sources d'électrons réalistes utilisées en radiothérapie externe ou en radiothérapie moléculaire et la production de distributions de dose absorbée en accord avec les mesures expérimentales et avec d'autres codes Monte Carlo de référence pour la physique médicale. Par ailleurs, des recommandations quant à l'utilisation des paramètres de simulation à fixer, assurant un calcul de la distribution de dose absorbée satisfaisant les spécifications en radiothérapie, sont proposées.
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Le, Foulher Fabrice. "Simulations Monte Carlo et mesures de l'émission de gamma prompts appliquées au contrôle en ligne en hadronthérapie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573263.

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Au cours du traitement d'une tumeur avec des ions légers, la position du pic de Bragg doit être connue avec précision. Une fraction importante des ions incidents subissent des collisions nucléaires avec les noyaux cibles conduisant à l'émission de particules promptes qui peuvent être porteuses d'informations sur le parcours des ions. Ce travail, qui se concentre sur les gamma prompts, montre que le rendement en profondeur de ces émissions est fortement corrélé au parcours des ions et que les taux de comptage mesurés permettent d'envisager un système d'imagerie réaliste, fonctionnant en temps réel. Dans ce but, nous avons réalisé des expériences au GANIL et au GSI avec un détecteur collimaté placé perpendiculairement à l'axe du faisceau et la technique du temps de vol a été utilisée pour réduire le bruit de fond induit par les neutrons et les particules chargées. Des simulations Geant4 ont été réalisées pour concevoir le dispositif expérimental et interpréter les données. Un accord qualitatif entre les simulations et l'expérience est observé pour la quantité d'énergie déposée dans le détecteur et pour la forme du spectre de temps de vol. Cependant, des divergences apparaissent pour le rendement de gamma prompts et la distribution en profondeur des gamma détectés. Ces divergences sont discutées, principalement en termes de modèles de physique nucléaire qui doivent être améliorés. Après avoir sélectionné les modèles physiques offrant les simulations les plus en accord avec les mesures, des études concernant les lieux d'émissions des gamma prompts et l'influence de la diffusion dans la cible ont été réalisés afin de déterminer l'impact sur la corrélation avec le parcours des ions.
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Khristenko, Viktor. "A search for the standard model Higgs Boson in the µ+µ- decay channel in PP collisions at √s=13 TeV with CMS, calibration of CMS Hadron forward calorimeter, and simulations of modern calorimeter systems." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5790.

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A search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson decaying to two muons in proton-proton collisions with the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment is performed. Building on top of the success of previous CMS analyses (CMS Run I campaign), results are presented using 35.9 fb−1 of data collected over the course of 2016 (CMS Run II campaign) at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV. During the Long Shutdown 1 of the Large Hadron Collider, the CMS detector underwent substantial hardware changes. The second topic discusses the process of calibration of the CMS Hadron Forward Calorimeter in preparation for collisions after LS1. The final chapter discusses the process of building simulations of calorimeter systems. Walking through all the steps from geometry specification to readout definition the results for two standalone calorimeters are presented that have been proposed as potential replacements for respective CMS components.
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DeSantis, Dylan David. "CH3NH3PbBr3-xClx Device Characteristics for Gamma Spectroscopy with Simulations of Real Time Pulse Height Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1501878848404021.

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Books on the topic "ROOT and GEANT4 simulations"

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Zhao, Peiying. Optimization of an energy dispersive x-ray diffraction system via GEANT4 simulations. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Graduate Studies, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "ROOT and GEANT4 simulations"

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Lerendegui-Marco, J., C. Guerrero, M. A. Cortés-Giraldo, and J. M. Quesada. "Geant4 Simulations for the Analysis of (n, $$\gamma $$ γ ) Measurements at n_TOF." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 209–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21191-6_17.

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Tripathi, Shivang, Chandrakant Upadhyay, C. P. Nagaraj, A. Venkatesan, K. Devan, and K. Madhusoodanan. "Investigation of Perylene as a Converter Material for Fast Neutron Detection and Spectroscopy Using GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulations." In Advances in Systems, Control and Automation, 189–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4762-6_18.

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Bangga, Galih, Pascal Weihing, Thorsten Lutz, and Ewald Krämer. "Hybrid RANS/LES Simulations of the Three-Dimensional Flow at Root Region of a 10 MW Wind Turbine Rotor." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 707–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64519-3_63.

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Calì, Michele, Salvatore Massimo Oliveri, and Marco Evangelos Biancolini. "Thread Couplings Stress Analysis by Radial Basis Functions Mesh Morphing." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 114–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_19.

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AbstractTraditional analytical methods are approximate and need to be validated when it comes to predict the tensional behavior of thread coupling. Numerical finite element simulations help engineers come up with the optimum design, although the latter depends on the constraints and load conditions of the thread couplings which are often variable during the system functioning. The present work illustrates a new method based on Radial Basis Functions Mesh Morphing formulation to optimize the stress concentration in thread couplings which is subject to variable loads and constraints. In particular, thread root and fillet under-head drawings for metric ISO thread, which are the most commonly used thread connection, are optimized with Radial Basis Functions Mesh Morphing. In metric ISO threaded connection, the root shape and the fillet under the head are circular, and from shape optimization for minimum stress concentration it is well known that the circular shape becomes seldom optimal. The study is carried out to enhance the stress concentration factor with a simple geometric parameterization using two design variables. Radial Basis Functions Mesh Morphing formulation, performed with a simple geometric parameterization, has allowed to obtain a stress reduction of up to 12%; some similarities are found in the optimized designs leading to the proposal of a new standard. The reductions in the stress are achieved by rather simple changes made to the cutting tool.
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Venäläinen, Ari, Kimmo Ruosteenoja, Ilari Lehtonen, Mikko Laapas, Olli-Pekka Tikkanen, and Heli Peltola. "Climate Change, Impacts, Adaptation and Risk Management." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 33–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_3.

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AbstractUnder the moderate future greenhouse gas emissions scenario (RCP4.5), climate model simulations project that the annual mean temperature will increase in Europe by up to 2–3 °C by the middle of this century, compared to the end of the nineteenth century. The temperature increase is projected to be larger in Northern Europe than in Central and Southern Europe. The annual precipitation is projected to decrease in Southern Europe and increase in Northern and Central Europe. The projected changes in temperature and precipitation are expected to be higher in the winter than in the summer months. In Northern Europe, forest growth is generally projected to increase due to warmer and longer growing seasons. In southern Europe in particular, warmer and dryer summers are projected to decrease forest growth. Climate change is expected also to expose forests and forestry to multiple abiotic and biotic risks throughout Europe. The greatest abiotic risks to forests are caused by windstorms, drought, forest fires and extreme snow loading on trees. The warmer climate will also increase biotic risks to forests, such as damage caused by European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreaks in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests and wood decay by Heterobasidion spp. root rot in Norway spruce and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forests. Different adaptation and risk management actions may be needed, depending on geographical region and time span, in order to maintain forest resilience, which is also important for climate change mitigation.
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Andreotti, Daniele, Armando Fella, and Eleonora Luppi. "Simulated Events Production on the Grid for the BaBar Experiment." In Handbook of Research on Grid Technologies and Utility Computing, 226–34. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-184-1.ch022.

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The BaBar experiment uses data since 1999 in examining the violation of charge and parity (CP) symmetry in the field of high energy physics. This event simulation experiment is a compute intensive task due to the complexity of the Monte-Carlo simulation implemented on the GEANT engine. Data needed as input for the simulation (stored in the ROOT format), are classified into two categories: conditions data for describing the detector status when data are recorded, and background triggers data for noise signal necessary to obtain a realistic simulation. In this chapter, the grid approach is applied to the BaBar production framework using the INFN-GRID network.
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Munteanu, Daniela, and Jean-Luc Autran. "Susceptibility of Group-IV and III-V Semiconductor-Based Electronics to Atmospheric Neutrons Explored by Geant4 Numerical Simulations." In Numerical Simulations in Engineering and Science. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71528.

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Autran Daniela Munteanu, Jean-Luc. "Radiation Response of Group-IV and III-V Semiconductors Subjected to D–D and D–T Fusion Neutrons." In New Advances in Semiconductors [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103047.

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This work focuses on the radiation response of Group IV (Si, Ge, SiC, diamond) and III-V (GaAs, GaN, GaP, GaSb, InAs, InP, InSb, AlAs) semiconductors subjected to D–D (2.45 MeV) and D–T (14 MeV) neutrons. The response of each material has been systematically investigated through a direct calculation using nuclear cross-section libraries, MCNP6, and Geant4 numerical simulations. For the semiconductor materials considered, we have investigated in detail the reaction rates per type of reaction (elastic, inelastic, and nonelastic) and proposed an exhaustive classification and counting of all the neutron-induced events and secondary products as a function of their nature and energy. Several metrics for quantifying the susceptibility of the related semiconductor-based electronics to neutron fusions have been finally considered and discussed.
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Autran Daniela Munteanu, Jean-Luc. "Radiation Response of Group-IV and III-V Semiconductors Subjected to D–D and D–T Fusion Neutrons." In New Advances in Semiconductors [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103047.

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This work focuses on the radiation response of Group IV (Si, Ge, SiC, diamond) and III-V (GaAs, GaN, GaP, GaSb, InAs, InP, InSb, AlAs) semiconductors subjected to D–D (2.45 MeV) and D–T (14 MeV) neutrons. The response of each material has been systematically investigated through a direct calculation using nuclear cross-section libraries, MCNP6, and Geant4 numerical simulations. For the semiconductor materials considered, we have investigated in detail the reaction rates per type of reaction (elastic, inelastic, and nonelastic) and proposed an exhaustive classification and counting of all the neutron-induced events and secondary products as a function of their nature and energy. Several metrics for quantifying the susceptibility of the related semiconductor-based electronics to neutron fusions have been finally considered and discussed.
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Munteanu, Daniela, and Jean-Luc Autran. "Interactions between Terrestrial Cosmic-Ray Neutrons and III–V Compound Semiconductors." In Modeling and Simulation in Engineering - Selected Problems. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92774.

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This work explores by numerical simulation the impact of high-energy atmospheric neutrons and their interactions with III–V binary compound semiconductors. The efforts have focused on eight III–V semiconductors: GaAs, AlAs, InP, InAs, GaSb, InSb, GaN, and GaP. For each material, extensive Geant4 numerical simulations have been performed considering a bulk target exposed to a neutron source emulating the atmospheric neutron spectrum at terrestrial level. Results emphasize in detail the reaction rates per type of reaction (elastic, inelastic, nonelastic) and offer a classification of all the neutron-induced secondary products as a function of their atomic number, kinetic energy, initial stopping power, and range. Implications for single-event effects (SEEs) are analyzed and discussed, notably in terms of energy and charge deposited in the bulk material and in the first nanometers of particle range with respect to the critical charge for modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies.
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Conference papers on the topic "ROOT and GEANT4 simulations"

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Stepanova, M., A. Driuk, S. Mertz, K. Gertsenberger, and S. Nemnugin. "MULTITHREADED EVENT SIMULATION IN THE BMNROOT PACKAGE." In 9th International Conference "Distributed Computing and Grid Technologies in Science and Education". Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54546/mlit.2021.81.55.001.

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The researches at the NICA accelerator complex (JINR, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna) require efficient and fast software implementations of algorithms for modeling and reconstruction of the particle collision events. BmnRoot package developed for the BM@N experiment is based on the ROOT environment, Geant4 and the FairRoot object-oriented framework. BmnRoot includes tools for event simulation, reconstruction and data analysis modules. With the announcement of Geant4MT multithreading support in ROOT and FairRoot, the problem of modifying the BmnRoot code for multithreading simulation appeared. As a result, an event-driven parallelism model has been implemented for event simulation in BmnRoot. The stages of the performed work and the results of testing the implemented multithreaded version are presented.
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Boeltzig, Axel, and Andreas Best. "Hands on Luna400: Geant4 simulations." In Gran Sasso Summer Institute 2014 Hands-On Experimental Underground Physics at LNGS. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.229.0022.

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Martino, Bruno Luigi, Simone Lotti, Ugo Zannoni, and Giorgio Patria. "GEANT4 Montecarlo simulations: a multithread approach." In The Golden Age of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects IV. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.315.0071.

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Basaglia, Tullio, Min Cheol Han, Gabriela Hoff, Chan Hyeong Kim, Sung Hun Kim, Maria Grazia Pia, and Paolo Saracco. "Simulation validation epistemics in a Geant4 case study." In 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/RTSD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2016.8069850.

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Sudhakar, Manju, Santosh Vadawale, and P. Sreekumar. "Simulations of the HEX payload using Geant4." In 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2007.4436617.

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Hariri, Farah, Mihaly Novak, Vladimir Ivanchenko, and Alberto Ribon. "Geant4 Detector Simulations for Future HEP Experiments." In The 39th International Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.340.0268.

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Spiga, J., E. A. Siegbahn, E. Brauer-Krisch, P. Randaccio, and A. Bravin. "Geant4 simulations for microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) dosimetry." In 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2007.4436675.

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BAUER, M., J. JOCHUM, and S. SCHOLL. "SIMULATIONS OF MUON-INDUCED NEUTRON BACKGROUND WITH GEANT4." In Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812701848_0075.

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Kumar, Shashank, Matthias Herzkamp, and Stefan van Waasen. "SiPM-based neutron detector design: validation of Geant4 simulations." In Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XXI, edited by Arnold Burger, Ralph B. James, and Stephen A. Payne. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2526879.

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Sarmiento, Luis, Dirk Rudolph, Ulrika Forsberg, Pavel Golubev, and Lise-Lotte Andersson. "Spectroscopy and GEANT4 Simulations of Element 115 Decay Chains." In 10th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.194.0057.

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Reports on the topic "ROOT and GEANT4 simulations"

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Pakki, Aditya. Exploring ROOT Framework for Scientific Simulations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1375860.

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Uzunyan, S. A., G. Blazey, S. Boi, G. Coutrakon, A. Dyshkant, K. Francis, D. Hedin, et al. Calibration and GEANT4 Simulations of the Phase II Proton Compute Tomography (pCT) Range Stack Detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1250870.

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Sweger, Zachary. Simulations of Neutron Time-of-Flight Method by Inelastic Scattering Carbon-12 using MCNP6 and Geant4. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1532622.

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Tuller, Markus, Asher Bar-Tal, Hadar Heller, and Michal Amichai. Optimization of advanced greenhouse substrates based on physicochemical characterization, numerical simulations, and tomato growth experiments. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600009.bard.

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Over the last decade there has been a dramatic shift in global agricultural practice. The increase in human population, especially in underdeveloped arid and semiarid regions of the world, poses unprecedented challenges to production of an adequate and economically feasible food supply to undernourished populations. Furthermore, the increased living standard in many industrial countries has created a strong demand for high-quality, out-of-season vegetables and fruits as well as for ornamentals such as cut and potted flowers and bedding plants. As a response to these imminent challenges and demands and because of a ban on methyl bromide fumigation of horticultural field soils, soilless greenhouse production systems are regaining increased worldwide attention. Though there is considerable recent empirical and theoretical research devoted to specific issues related to control and management of soilless culture production systems, a comprehensive approach that quantitatively considers all relevant physicochemical processes within the growth substrates is lacking. Moreover, it is common practice to treat soilless growth systems as static, ignoring dynamic changes of important physicochemical and hydraulic properties due to root and microbial growth that require adaptation of management practices throughout the growth period. To overcome these shortcomings, the objectives of this project were to apply thorough physicochemical characterization of commonly used greenhouse substrates in conjunction with state-of-the-art numerical modeling (HYDRUS-3D, PARSWMS) to not only optimize management practices (i.e., irrigation frequency and rates, fertigation, container size and geometry, etc.), but to also “engineer” optimal substrates by mixing organic (e.g., coconut coir) and inorganic (e.g., perlite, pumice, etc.) base substrates and modifying relevant parameters such as the particle (aggregate) size distribution. To evaluate the proposed approach under commercial production conditions, characterization and modeling efforts were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with tomatoes. The project not only yielded novel insights regarding favorable physicochemical properties of advanced greenhouse substrates, but also provided critically needed tools for control and management of containerized soilless production systems to provide a stress-free rhizosphere environment for optimal yields, while conserving valuable production resources. Numerical modeling results provided a more scientifically sound basis for the design of commercial greenhouse production trials and selection of adequate plant-specific substrates, thereby alleviating the risk of costly mistrials.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Qingqing Cao, Lama Abufares, Siqi Wang, Uthman Mohamed Ali, and Greg Renshaw. Moisture Content and In-place Density of Cold-Recycling Treatments. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-007.

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Cold-recycling treatments are gaining popularity in the United States because of their economic and environmental benefits. Curing is the most critical phase for these treatments. Curing is the process where emulsion breaks and water evaporates, leaving residual binder in the treated material. In this process, the cold-recycled mix gains strength. Sufficient strength is required before opening the cold-treated layer to traffic or placing an overlay. Otherwise, premature failure, related to insufficient strength and trapped moisture, would be expected. However, some challenges arise from the lack of relevant information and specifications to monitor treatment curing. This report presents the outcomes of a research project funded by the Illinois Department for Transportation to investigate the feasibility of using the nondestructive ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for density and moisture content estimation of cold-recycled treatments. Monitoring moisture content is an indicator of curing level; treated layers must meet a threshold of maximum allowable moisture content (2% in Illinois) to be considered sufficiently cured. The methodology followed in this report included GPR numerical simulations and GPR indoor and field tests for data sources. The data were used to correlate moisture content to dielectric properties calculated from GPR measurements. Two models were developed for moisture content estimation: the first is based on numerical simulations and the second is based on electromagnetic mixing theory and called the Al-Qadi-Cao-Abufares (ACA) model. The simulation model had an average error of 0.33% for moisture prediction for five different field projects. The ACA model had an average error of 2% for density prediction and an average root-mean-square error of less than 0.5% for moisture content prediction for both indoor and field tests. The ACA model is presented as part of a developed user-friendly tool that could be used in the future to continuously monitor curing of cold-recycled treatments.
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF ASSEMBLED BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS WITH CSHAPED CANTILEVER SECTION (ID NUMBER: 197). The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.197.

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"A kind of assembled steel beam-column joint with C-shaped cantilever section was proposed. The influences of the lengths of cantilever sections and cover plates on seismic performance of the joints were discussed through low-cycle reciprocating loading tests and numerical simulations. Then the sensitivity analysis of key parameters such as thickness and width of flange plate ,bolt number and cover plate’s length were carried out. The results show that the joint consumed energy through warping deformations of end plate and the friction slippages between flange of beam, C-shaped cantilever section and cover plate. By reasonably increasing the lengths of C-shaped cantilevers section and cover plates, it can ensure that the joints have high bearing capacities, while significantly improving energy dissipation capacities of the joints. Parameter analysis showed that increasing thickness of the flange plate can effectively improve the stress concentration at root of the cantilever section. Reducing width of flange plate has a great impact on bearing capacity and initial stiffness of the joint with the maximum drop amplitude of 13.1% and 18.9%, respectively."
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