Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ROOT and GEANT4 simulations'
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Ekelund, Emil, and Skoglösa David Fogelberg. "Geant4 Simulations of Hadron Therapy and Refinement of User Interface." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254374.
Full textBandieramonte, Marilena. "Muon Portal project: Tracks reconstruction, automated object recognition and visualization techniques for muon tomography data analysis." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3751.
Full textPersson, Daniel. "Application of GEANT4 toolkit for simulations of high gradient phenomena." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, FREIA, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353347.
Full textErsmark, Tore. "Geant4 Monte Carlo Simulations of the International Space Station Radiation Environment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4007.
Full textPham, Quang Trung. "Couplage et validation de l'extension GeantA-DNA dans la plateforme de simulation Monte Carlo GATE pour l'irradiation de molécules d'ADN dans un environnement de grille de calcul." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22456/document.
Full textThe Monte Carlo simulation methods are successfully being used in various areas of medical physics but also at different scales, for example, from the radiation therapy treatment planning systems to the prediction of the effects of radiation in cancer cells. The Monte Carlo simulation platform GATE based on the Geant4 toolkit offers features dedicated to simulations in medical physics (nuclear medicine and radiotherapy). For radiobiology applications, the Geant4-DNA physical models are implemented to track particles till very low energy (eV) and are adapted for estimation of micro-dosimetric quantities. In order to implement a multi-scale Monte Carlo platform, we first validated the physical models of Geant4-DNA, and integrated them into GATE. Finally, we validated this implementation in the context of radiation therapy and proton therapy. In order to validate the Geant4-DNA physical models, dose point kernels for monoenergetic electrons (10 keV to 100 keV) were simulated using the physical models of Geant4-DNA and were compared to those simulated with Geant4 Standard physical models and another Monte Carlo code EGSnrc. The range and the stopping powers of electrons (7.4 eV to 1 MeV) and protons (1 keV to 100 MeV) calculated with GATE/Geant4-DNA were then compared with literature. We proposed to simulate with the GATE platform the impact of clinical and preclinical beams on cellular DNA. We modeled a clinical proton beam of 193.1 MeV, 6 MeV clinical electron beam and a X-ray irradiator beam. The beams models were validated by comparing absorbed dose computed and measured in liquid water. Then, the beams were used to calculate the frequency of energy deposits in DNA represented by different geometries. First, the DNA molecule was represented by small cylinders : 2 nm x 2 nm ( 10 bp), 5 nm x 10 nm ( nucleosome) and 25 nm x 25 nm ( chromatin fiber). All these cylinders were placed randomly in a sphere of liquid water (500 nm radius). Then we reconstructed the DNA molecule in Geant4 by reading PDB (Protein Data Bank) files representing twelve base pairs of the DNA molecule and a dinucleosome (347 base pairs). Finally, we developed a tool to correlate the positions of direct energy deposit in liquid water with the coordinates of the base pairs of DNA to calculate the number of single and double strand breaks in DNA. All calculations in this work were perfomed on the European Grid Infrastructure; performance tests are available to estimate the utility of this type of architecture for Monte Carlo calculations
Baroncelli, Leonardo. "Use of POWER8 architecture for High Energy Physics simulations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textPerrot, Yann. "Evaluation de la dose déposée par des faisceaux d'électrons en radiothérapie dans des fantômes voxelisés en utilisant la plateforme de simulation Monte Carlo GATE fondée sur GEANT4 dans un environnement de grille." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721940.
Full textLe, Foulher Fabrice. "Simulations Monte Carlo et mesures de l'émission de gamma prompts appliquées au contrôle en ligne en hadronthérapie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573263.
Full textKhristenko, Viktor. "A search for the standard model Higgs Boson in the µ+µ- decay channel in PP collisions at √s=13 TeV with CMS, calibration of CMS Hadron forward calorimeter, and simulations of modern calorimeter systems." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5790.
Full textDeSantis, Dylan David. "CH3NH3PbBr3-xClx Device Characteristics for Gamma Spectroscopy with Simulations of Real Time Pulse Height Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1501878848404021.
Full textIevsieieva, Ievgeniia. "Simulação com o código GEANT4 de medida de espessura de revestimento metálico em metal por XRF." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4154.
Full textNesta dissertação são apresentados resultados de simulações Monte Carlo de fluorescência de raios X (XRF), utilizando o programa GEANT4, para medidas de espessura de revestimento metálico (Ni e Zn) em base metálica (Fe). As simulações foram feitas para dois tamanhos de espessura para cada metal de revestimento, (5μm e 10μm), com passos de 0,1 μm e 0,001 μm e com 106 histórias. No cálculo da espessura do revestimento foram feitas as aproximações de feixe de raios X monoenegético, com a análise da transmissão apenas da energia do K-alfa e para uma geometria compatível com um sistema real de medição (ARTAX-200). Os resultados mostraram a eficiência da metodologia de simulação e do cálculo da espessura do revestimento, o que permitirá futuros cálculos, inclusive para multirevestimentos metálicos em base metálica.
This dissertation is presented results of x-ray fluorescence (XRF) Monte Carlo simulations) using GEANT4 for metallic coating (Ni and Zn) thickness determination on metallic base (Fe). The simulations were made for two values of coating thickness for each covering (5 μm and 10 μm), with steps of 0.1 μm and 0.001 μm, and with 106 stories. The monoenergetic x-ray approach was used assuming the transmission of only K-alpha line. The experiment and geometry was similar to the real system of measurement (ARTAX-200 ). The results showed the efficiency of the simulation methodology, as well as the ability to measure the thickness of coating by XRF. Thus, a continuation of this study for multilayer metal coating could be promising.
Gandrajula, Reddy Pratap. "Observation and branching fraction measurement of B+ →ψ(2S)φK+ AT√s=8TeV in CMS & Hadron Shower development studies using Geant4 simulations." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2209.
Full textPinto, Marco. "Modelling and simulation of physics processes for in-beam imaging in hadrontherapy." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10330/document.
Full textHadrontherapy is taking an increasingly important role in radiotherapy thanks to the ballistic properties of ions and, for those heavier than protons, an enhancement in the relative biological effectiveness in the tumour region. These features allow for a higher tumour conformality possible and gives the opportunity to tackle the problem of radioresistant tumours. However, they may lead to a great sensitivity of ion range to treatment uncertainties, namely to morphological changes along their path. In view of this, the detection of secondary radiations emitted after nuclear interactions between the incoming ions and the patient have been long proposed as ion range probes and, in this regard, positron emitters and prompt gammas have been the matter of intensive research. The European training network ENTERVISION, supported by the ENLIGHT community, was created in the end of 2009 in order to develop such imaging techniques and more generally to address treatment uncertainties during hadrontherapy. The present work is one of the many resulting from this project, under the subject “Modelling and simulation of physics processes for in-beam imaging in hadrontherapy”. Despite the extensive range of the topic, the purpose was always to make a systematic study towards the clinical implementation of a prompt-gamma imaging device to be used for both proton and carbon ion treatments
Kéfélian, Cécile. "Search for dark matter with EDELWEISS-III excluding background from muon-induced neutrons." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1020/document.
Full textThe aim of the EDELWEISS-III experiment is to detect the elastic scattering of WIMPs from the galactic dark matter halo on germanium bolometers. The most problematic background arises from neutrons, which can mimic a WIMP interaction in a detector. Neutrons are notably induced by high energy cosmic ray muons reaching the underground laboratory despite the 4800 m w.e. of rock overburdened. Remaining muons are tagged using an active muon-veto system of 46 plastic scintillator modules surrounding the experiment, which allows to reject most of the associated background. The goal of this thesis was to give a precise estimation of the irreducible muon-induced neutron background, needed to identify a potential WIMP signal. The expected background depends on the geometry of the experiment as well as on the used materials, both strongly modified since EDELWEISS-II. Geant4-based simulations of muons through the modified geometry were performed to derive the rate of events induced by muons in the bolometer array. This rate has been shown to be in good agreement with the measured one extracted from the Run308 data. In parallel, a lower limit on the muon-veto efficiency was derived using bolometer data only. A new method based on an AmBe source was developed to extract precisely the detection efficiency of individual modules from the simulation. From these results, it was shown that the expected background is negligible for the WIMP search analyses performed with the Run308 data and won't limit the future sensitivity of the EDELWEISS-III experiment
Zahra, Mohamad Nabil. "Mesure de la dose physique par lms radiochromiques et simulation Monte Carlo pour l'hadronthérapie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520876.
Full textZahra, Nabil. "Mesure de la dose physique par lms radiochromiques et simulation Monte Carlo pour l'hadronthérapie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10088/document.
Full textBecause of the increase in dose at the end of the range of ions, dose delivery during patient treatment with hadrontherapy should be controlled with high precision. Monte Carlo codes are now considered mandatory for validation of clinical treatment planing and as a new tool for dosimetry of ion beams. In this work, we aimed to calculate the absorbed dose using Monte Carlo simulation Geant4/Gate. The ejffect on the dose calculation accuracy of dierent Geant4 parameters has been studied for mono-energetic carbon ion beams of 300 MeV/u in water. The parameters are : the production threshold of secandary particules and the maximum step limiter of the particle track. Tolerated criterion were choosen to meet the precision required in radiotherapy (2%, 2mm) and to obtain the best compromise on dose distribution and computational time.We propose here the values of parameters in order to satisfy the precision required. In the second part of this work, we will study the response of radiochromic lms MD-v2-55 for quality control in proton and carbon ion beams. We have particularly observed and studie the quenching effect of dosimetric lms for high LET (20 KeV/m) irradiations in homogeneous and heterogeneous medium. This eject is due to the high ionization density around the track of the particule. We have developped a method to predict the response of radiochromic lms taking into account the saturation effect. This model is called the RADIS model forRAdiochromic films. Dosimetry for Ions using Simulations". It is based on the response of lms under photon irradiations and the saturation of lms due to high linear energy deposit calculated by Monte Carlo. Four beams were used in this study and aimed to validate the model for hadrontherapy applications : carbon ions, protons and photons at different energies. Experiments were performed at Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), Proton therpay center of Orsay (CPO), A. Lacassagne proton center (CAL) and Leon Berard cancer center (CLB). The model showed very good agreement between the measured and calculated optical density with an error less than 2%
Le, Foulher Fabrice. "Simulations Monte Carlo et mesures de l’émission de gamma prompts appliquées au contrôle en ligne en hadronthérapie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10180/document.
Full textDuring the treatment of a tumor with light ions, the Bragg peak location must be accurately known. A significant fraction of the incident ions undergo nuclear collisions with the target nuclei leading to the prompt emission of particles which may carry information on the ion path. This work, which focuses on prompt gamma, shows that the depth profile of these emissions is highly correlated to the ions path and the measured counting rates allow to consider a realistic imaging system, operating in real time. For that purpose, we performed experiments at GANIL and at GSI with a collimated detector placed perpendicular to the beam axis and the time of flight technique was used in order to reduce the noise induced by neutrons and charged particles. Geant4 simulations were performed for the experimental design and data interpretation. A qualitative agreement between simulations and experiment is observed for the amount of energy deposited in the detector and the shape of the time of flight spectrum. However, discrepancies appear for the prompt gamma yield and the depth distribution of gamma detected. These discrepancies are discussed, mainly in terms of nuclear physics models that must be improved. After selecting the physical models which lead to the best agreement between simulations and measurements, studies on the location of prompt gamma emission and on the influence of diffusion in the target were performed to determine the impact on the correlation with the ion path
Eriksson, Benjamin. "Simulations of a back scatter time of flight neutron spectrometer for the purpose of concept testing at the NESSA facility." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-359981.
Full textPlaisir, Cyril. "Etudes expérimentales de l'accélération de particules avec des lasers ultra-intenses : applications à des expériences de physique nucléaire dans les plasmas lasers." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658936.
Full textRabhi, Nesrine. "Charged particle diagnostics for PETAL, calibration of the detectors and development of the demonstrator." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0339/document.
Full textIn order to protect their detection against the giant electromagnetic pulse generated by the interaction of the PETAL laser with its target, PETAL diagnostics will be equipped with passive detectors. For SESAME and SEPAGE systems, a combination of imaging plate (IP) detectors with high-Z material protection layers will be used to provide additional features such as: 1) Ensuring a response of the detector to be independent of its environment and hence homogeneous over the surface of the diagnostics; 2) Shielding the detectors against high-energy photons from the PETAL target. In this work, calibration experiments of such detectors based on IPs were performed at electron and proton facilities with the goal of covering the energy range of the particle detection at PETAL from 0.1 to 200 MeV. The introduction aims at providing the reader the methods and tools used for this study. The second chapter presents the results of two experiments performed with electrons in the range from 5 to 180 MeV. The third chapter describes an experiment and its results, where protons in the energy range between 80 and 200 MeV were sent onto detectors. The fourth chapter is dedicated to an experiment with protons and ions in the energy range from 1 to 22 MeV proton energy, which aimed at studying our detector responses and testing the demonstrator of the SEPAGE diagnostic. We used the GEANT4 toolkit to analyse our data and compute the detection responses on the whole energy range from 0.1 to 1000 MeV
Huber, Arnaud. "Recherche de la nature du neutrino avec le détecteur SuperNEMO : simulations optiques pour l'optimisation du calorimètre et performances attendues pour le 82Se." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0682/document.
Full textThe SuperNEMO demonstrator is a next generation experimental device, looking for neutrinoless double beta decay. Like its predecessor NEMO3, the experimental technique employed is based on a combination of a tracker and a calorimeter to identify the electrons from the double beta decay process while allowing the differentiation and identification of the different background components. The SuperNEMO’s demonstrator is currently being installed at the Modane Underground Laboratory and will begin to register data by the end of 2017. The aim is to reach a sensivity greater than 1026 years on the half-life of the 82Se ββ0ν process in the final version of the detector (100 kg of isotopes for a 5 years’ total exposure).This thesis contribution to the SuperNEMO, consisted in studying the energy and time response of the calorimeter optical modules (association of a plastic scintillator and a photomultiplier). To do so, an optical simulation based on the GEANT4 software was developed, which enabled to reproduce and simulate all the optical phenomena inside a scintillator and a photomultiplier: scintillation, Birks attenuation, Cerenkov emission, propagation and photon collection. The outcome and result of this thesis has been to develop high-precision corrective factors on the energy linked, so that the Monte-Carlo’s SuperNEMO is closest to the real data experimental records. These corrections were applied to the demonstrator simulation in order to study the impact on the ββ0ν sensitivity. These optical simulations have also been extended to the modeling of the temporal shape of the calorimeter signals
Maigne, Lydia. "Dosimétrie personnalisée par simulation Monte Carlo GATE sur grille de calcul. Application à la curiethérapie oculaire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011404.
Full textDes points kernels de dose d'électrons mono-énergétiques et poly-énergétiques ont été simulés en utilisant la plate-forme GATE et comparés à d'autres codes Monte Carlo. Trois versions des packages de librairies ont été utilisées pour les comparaisons (5.2, 6.2 et 7.0). Les résultats montrent que l'implémentation de la diffusion multiple est responsable des différences observées entre les codes. Les simulations de traitements de curiethérapie oculaire comparées avec d'autres Monte Carlo et des mesures montrent un bon accord. La transcription des unités Hounsfield, à partir des données scanner sur l'anatomie du patient, en paramètres tissulaires est l'autre étude présentée pour une utilisation prochaine de GATE sur des images voxélisées pour la dosimétrie personnalisée. Les infrastructures des projets DataGrid puis d'EGEE ont été utilisées pour déployer les simulations GATE afin de réduire leur temps de calcul dans le but de les utiliser en routine clinique.
La méthode utilisée pour paralléliser les simulations GATE est la division du générateur de nombres aléatoires (RNG) en séquences indépendantes. Des tests de temps de calcul réalisés sur des bancs tests de grille montrent qu'un gain significatif est obtenu. Les fonctionnalités pour diviser, lancer et contrôler les simulations GATE sur une infrastructure de grille ont été implémentées sur le portail web GENIUS. Un premier prototype de ce portail est accessible à partir d'un centre hospitalier pour l'utilisation de la précision des algorithmes Monte Carlo de manière transparente et sécurisée pour des traitements de cancer de l'œil.
Companis, Iulia. "Développement d’un dispositif expérimental dédié à la mesure des sections efficaces de capture et de fission de l’233u dans le domaine des résonances résolues." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR15224/document.
Full text233U is the fissile nucleus produced in 232T h/233U fuel cycle which has been proposed as asafer and cleaner alternative to the 238U/239P u cycle. The accurate knowledge of the neutroncapture cross-section of this isotope is needed with high-precision for design and developmentof this fuel cycle. The only two reliable experimental data for the capture cross-section of233U show discrepancies up to 10%. These differences may be due to systematic uncertaintiesassociated with the detector efficiency, dead-time effects, background subtraction and signalpile-up caused by the α-activity of the sample. A special experimental set-up for simultaneousmeasurement of fission and capture cross sections of radioactive fissile nuclei was designed,assembled and optimized at CENBG in the frame of this work. The measurement will be per-formed at the Gelina neutron time-of-flight facility at IRMM, where neutron cross sectionscan be measured over a wide energy range with high energy resolution. The fission detectorconsists of a multi-plate high-efficiency ionization chamber (IC). The γ-rays produced in cap-ture reactions are detected by an array of six C6 D6 scintillators surrounding the IC. In thesemeasurements the radiative capture γ-rays are hidden in large background of fission γ-rays thatrepresents a challenging issue. The latter has then to be subtracted by detecting fission eventswith a very well known efficiency (VETO method). An accurate determination of this efficiencyis rather difficult. In this work we have thoroughly investigated the prompt-fission-neutronsmethod for the IC efficiency measurement, providing new insights on this method. Thanks tothis study the IC efficiency was determined with a very low uncertainty. Using a 252Cf source,several parameters (gas pressure, high voltage and the distance between the electrodes) havebeen studied to determine the behaviour of the IC in order to find the ideal operation point:a good energy separation between α-particles and fission fragments (FF) and a good timingresolution. A good α-FF separation has been obtained with a highly radioactive 233U target.Also, the pulse-shape discrimination between γ-rays and neutrons in the C6D6 detectors wasobserved at Gelina under realistic experimental conditions. To conclude, the experimentalset-up and the VETO method have been carefully checked and validated, opening the way tofuture measurements of the capture and fission cross sections of 233U
Yevseyeva, Olga. "Modelagem computacional de tomografia com feixe de prótons." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=956.
Full textNessa tese foi feito um estudo preliminar, destinado à elaboração do programa experimental inicial para a primeira instalação da tomografia com prótons (pCT) brasileira por meio de modelagem computacional. A terapia com feixe de prótons é uma forma bastante precisa de tratamento de câncer. Atualmente, o planejamento de tratamento é baseado na tomografia computadorizada com raios X, alternativamente, a tomografia com prótons pode ser usada. Algumas questões importantes, como efeito de escala e a Curva de Calibração (fonte de dados iniciais para planejamento de terapia com prótons), foram estudados neste trabalho. A passagem de prótons com energias iniciais de 19,68MeV; 23MeV; 25MeV; 49,10MeV e 230MeV pelas camadas de materiais variados (água, alumínio, polietileno, ouro) foi simulada usando códigos Monte Carlo populares como SRIM e GEANT4. Os resultados das simulações foram comparados com a previsão teórica (baseada na solução aproximada da equação de transporte de Boltzmann) e com resultados das simulações feitas com outro popular código Monte Carlo MCNPX. Análise comparativa dos resultados das simulações com dados experimentais publicados na literatura científica para alvos grossos e na faixa de energias de prótons usada em medidas em pCT foi feita. Foi observado que apesar de que todos os códigos mostram os resultados parecidos alguns deslocamentos não sistemáticos podem ser observados. Foram feitas observações importantes sobre a precisão dos códigos e uma necessidade em medidas sistemáticas de frenagem de prótons em alvos grossos foi declarada.
In the present work a preliminary research via computer simulations was made in order to elaborate a prior program for the first experimental pCT setup in Brazil. Proton therapy is a high precise form of a cancer treatment. Treatment planning nowadays is performed basing on X ray Computer Tomography data (CT), alternatively the same procedure could be performed using proton Computer Tomography (pCT). Some important questions, as a scale effect and so called Calibration Curve (as a source of primary data for pCT treatment planning) were studied in this work. The 19.68MeV; 23MeV; 25MeV; 49.10MeV e 230MeV protons passage through varied absorbers (water, aluminum, polyethylene, gold) were simulated by such popular Monte Carlo packages as SRIM and GEANT4. The simulation results were compared with a theoretic prevision based on approximate solution of the Boltzmann transport equation and with simulation results of the other popular Monte Carlo code MCNPX. The comparative analysis of the simulations results with the experimental data published in scientific literature for thick absorbers and within the energy range used in the pCT measurements was made. It was noted in spite of the fact that all codes showed similar results some nonsystematic displacements can be observed. Some important observations about the codes precision were made and a necessity of the systematic measurements of the proton stopping power in thick absorbers was declared.
Desbrée, Aurélie. "Nouvelle approche multimodale et quantitative pour les études in vivo chez le petit animal : couplage de la β-MicroProbe aux techniques magnétiques et développement de fantômes de rat et de souris voxelisés." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00115911.
Full textDesbrée, Aurélie. "Nouvelle approche multimodale et quantitative pour les études in vivo chez le petit animal : couplage de la $\beta$-MicroProbe aux techniques magnétiques etdéveloppement de fantômes de rat et de souris voxelisés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00115911.
Full textd'étudier ces modèles au cours du temps a stimulé le développement d'instruments dédiés aux études in vivo chez le petit animal. Pour aller plus loin dans la compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques, le grand défi actuel est de pouvoir coupler simultanément
plusieurs de ces méthodes. Dans ce cadre, la combinaison des techniques magnétiques et radioactives reste un challenge des plus intéressants mais aussi des plus délicats à réaliser techniquement. C'est pourquoi nous proposons de coupler les techniques magnétiques à la sonde radiosensible b-MicroProbe développée dans le groupe IPB et qui s'est révélée être une alternative aux mesures TEP. Dans ce contexte, le travail de thèse a consisté à étudier la faisabilité de ce couplage d'un point de vue physique, par simulation et par des caractérisations expérimentales. Puis, la mise en place d'un protocole biologique a été effectuée sur la base d'études pharmacocinétiques. Les expériences menées ont montré la possibilité d'utiliser la sonde pour des mesures radioactives sous champ magnétique intense
simultanément à l'acquisition d'images anatomiques. Parallèlement, nous avons cherché à améliorer la quantification du signal radioactif grâce à l'utilisation d'un fantôme voxelisé de cerveau de rat. Enfin, l'émergence des modèles transgéniques nous a conduit à reproduire des études pharmacocinétiques chez la souris et à développer des fantômes voxelisés de souris.
Ljungvall, Joa. "Characterisation of the Neutron Wall and of Neutron Interactions in Germanium-Detector Systems." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Nuclear and Particle Physics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5845.
Full textA Monte Carlo simulation of the Neutron Wall detector system has been performed using Geant4, in order to define optimum conditions for the detection and identification of multiple neutrons. Emphasis was put on studying the scattering of neutrons between different detectors, which is the main source of the apparent increase of the number of detected neutrons. The simulation has been compared with experimental data. The quality of neutron gated γ-ray spectra was improved for both two- and three-neutron evaporation channels. The influence of small amounts of γ rays mis-interpreted as neutrons was investigated. It was found that such γ rays dramatically reduce the quality of neutron gated γ-ray spectra.
The interaction properties of fast neutrons in a closed-end coaxial and a planar high-purity germanium detector (HPGe) were studied. Digitised waveforms of HPGe preamplifier signals were recorded for time-of-flight separated neutrons and γ rays, emitted by a 252Cf source. The experimental waveforms from the detectors were compared to simulated pulse shapes. In the analysis, special emphasis was given to the detection of elastically scattered neutrons, which may be an important effect to take into account in future spectrometers based on γ-ray tracking. No differences between neutron and γ-ray induced pulse shapes were found in this work.
A Monte Carlo simulation of the interactions of fast neutrons in the future 4π γ-ray spectrometer AGATA was also performed, in order to study the influence of neutrons on γ-ray tracking. It was shown that although there is a large probability of detecting neutrons in AGATA, the neutrons decrease the photo-peak efficiency of AGATA by only about 1% for each neutron emitted in coincidence with γ rays. The peak-to-background ratios in γ-ray spectra are, however, reduced to a much larger extent. The possibility of using AGATA as a neutron detector system was also investigated.
Companis, Iulia. "Développement d'un dispositif expérimental dédié à la mesure des sections efficaces de capture et de fission de l'233u dans le domaine des résonances résolues." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965714.
Full textBenoit, Didier. "Conception, reconstruction et évaluation d'une géométrie de collimation multi-focale en tomographie d'émission monophotonique préclinique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949951.
Full textAgasthya, Greeshma Ananth. "Low-dose imaging of liver diseases through neutron stimulated emission computed tomography: Simulations in GEANT4." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7121.
Full textNeutron stimulated emission computed tomography (NSECT) is a non-invasive, tomographic imaging technique with the ability to locate and quantify elemental concentration in a tissue sample. Previous studies have shown that NSECT has the ability to differentiate between benign and malignant tissue and diagnose liver iron overload while using a neutron beam tomographic acquisition protocol followed by iterative image reconstruction. These studies have shown that moderate concentrations of iron can be detected in the liver with moderate dose levels and long scan times. However, a low-dose, reduced scan time technique to differentiate various liver diseases has not been tested. As with other imaging modalities, the performance of NSECT in detecting different diseases while reducing dose and scan time will depend on the acquisition techniques and parameters that are used to scan the patients. In order to optimize a clinical liver imaging system based on NSECT, it is important to implement low-dose techniques and evaluate their feasibility, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy by analyzing the generated liver images from a patient population. This research work proposes to use Monte-Carlo simulations to optimize a clinical NSECT system for detection, localization, quantification and classification of liver diseases. This project has been divided into three parts; (a) implement two novel acquisition techniques for dose reduction, (b) modify MLEM iterative image reconstruction algorithm to incorporate the new acquisition techniques and (c) evaluate the performance of this combined technique on a simulated patient population.
The two dose-reduction, acquisition techniques that have been implemented are; (i) use of a single angle scanning, multi-detector acquisition system and (ii) the neutron-time resolved imaging (n-TRI) technique. In n-TRI, the NSECT signal has been resolved in time by a function of the speed of the incident neutron beam and this information has been used to locate the liver lesions in the tissue. These changes in the acquisition system have been incorporated and used to modify MLEM iterative image reconstruction algorithm to generate liver images. The liver images are generated from sinograms acquired by the simulated n-TRI based NSECT scanner from a simulated patient population.
The simulated patient population has patients of different sizes, with different liver diseases, multiple lesions with different sizes and locations in the liver. The NSECT images generated from this population have been used to validate the liver imaging system developed in this project. Statistical tests such as ROC and student t-tests have been used to evaluate this system. The overall improvement in dose and scan time as compared to the NSECT tomographic system have been calculated to verify the improvement in the imaging system. The patient dose was calculated by measuring the energy deposited by the neutron beam in the liver and surrounding body tissue. The scan time was calculated by measuring the time required by a neutron source to produce the neutron fluence required to generate a clinically viable NSECT image.
Simulation studies indicate that this NSECT system can detect, locate, quantify and classify liver lesions in different sized patients. The n-TRI imaging technique can detect lesions with wet iron concentration of 0.5 mg/g or higher in liver tissue in patients with 30 cm torso and can quantify lesions at 0.3 ns timing resolution with errors ≤ 17.8%. The NSECT system can localize and classify liver lesions of hemochromatosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, fatty liver tissue and cirrhotic liver tissue based on bulk and trace element concentrations. In a small patient with a torso major axis of 30 cm, the n-TRI based liver imaging technique can localize 91.67% of all lesions and classify lesions with an accuracy of 88.23%. The dose to the small patient is 0.37 mSv a reduction of 39.9% as compared to the NSECT tomographic system and scan times are comparable to that of an abdominal MRI scan. In a bigger patient with a torso major axis of 50cm, the n-TRI based technique can detect 75% of the lesions, while localizing 66.67% of the lesions, the accuracy of classification is 76.47%. The effective dose equivalent delivered to the larger patient is 1.57 mSv for a 68.8% decrease in dose as compared to a tomographic NSECT system.
The research performed for this dissertation has two important outcomes. First, it demonstrates that NSECT has the clinical potential for detection, localization and classification of liver diseases in patients. Second, it provides a validation of the simulation of a novel low-dose liver imaging technique which can be used to guide future development and experimental implementation of the technique.
Dissertation
Wu, Chia-Ying, and 吳佳穎. "Structural change and Unit Root Tests: Simulations and Applications." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38241199130890147596.
Full text中原大學
國際貿易研究所
94
The traditional view holds that current shocks only have a temporary effect and that the long run movement in the series is unaltered by such shocks. Nelson and Plosser (1982) changed this view and argued, using the Dickey-Fuller unit root test, they found the most of American macroeconomic data series are stochastic trend. The dynamic characteristic about time series has being widely discussed. Because the ADF test and PP test don’t consider the impact of structural change on series, we consider the structure change as endogenous and the breakpoint is estimated not only by Zivot and Andrews (1992) but also by Hansen (2001). We investigate the accuracy of the breakpoint of those two methods and computing their empirical size and empirical power by Monte Carlo simulation and use five Taiwan macroeconomic data series to be our samples. In the Monte Carlo simulation the case of the ZA test has lager size distortions than Hansen(2001), but has a higher empirical power than Hansen(2001). As a result, the empirical size and empirical power of these two methods won’t be affected by the position of breakpoint. And the estimative breakpoints aren’t the same in two methods and except the result of money supply vary because of different models, other series didn’t against the unit-root hypothesis.
Kapadia, Anuj. "Accuracy and Patient Dose in Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography for Diagnosis of Liver Iron Overload: Simulations in GEANT4." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/380.
Full textDissertation
Kapadia, Anuj Jawahar. "Accuracy and Patient Dose in Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography for Diagnosis of Liver Iron Overload Simulations in GEANT4." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/380.
Full textMacana, Goia Jorge Andres. "Détection des événements de "Minimum Bias" et neutrons avec les détecteurs ATLAS-MPX par simulations." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5492.
Full textA network of sixteen ATLAS-MPX detectors has been put in operation in the ATLAS detector at CERN-LHC. ATLAS-MPX detectors are sensitive to a mixed radiation field of photons and electrons in the ATLAS cavern and are covered with lithium fluoride and polyethylene converters in order to increase the detection sensitivity of thermal neutrons and fast neutrons respectively. High energy collisions are dominated by partonic interactions with small transverse moment pT , associated with "minimum bias" events. In our case, the proton-proton collision occurs with an center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with a fixed luminosity of 10³⁴cm⁻²s⁻¹ in the simulations. We use "minimum bias" events simulation generated by PYTHIA using the framework Athena. Athena’s framework makes a full GEANT4 simulation of the ATLAS detector. We include the positions of each detector in the Athena algorithms for measuring the number of photons, electrons and muons that can reach the detectors ATLAS-MPX. We measure the fluxes of thermal and fast neutrons generated by GCALOR in lithium fluoride and polyethylene regions respectively. The "minimum bias" events results and the flow of thermal and fast neutrons obtained by simulations are compared with real measurements of the ATLAS-MPX detectors.
Lisa, Nyameko. "Theoretical and computational considerations of Quasi-Free (p; 2p) reactions using the distorted-wave impulse approximation and Monte Carlo simulations in Geant4." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18610.
Full textTheoretical and Computational Nuclear Physics
M. Sc. (Theoretical and Computational Nuclear Physics)
Lafrenière, Matthieu. "Mesures d'étalonnage aux neutrons et caractérisation par étude Monte Carlo de la réponse des détecteurs à gouttelettes surchauffées conçus pour la recherche et la détection directe du neutralino (la matière sombre) menant aux résultats finaux de l'expérience PICASSO." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20603.
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