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Journal articles on the topic 'Root Area Ratio (RAR)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Avani, Nazi, Habibah Lateh, and Ghassem Habibi Bibalani. "Root distribution of Acacia mangium Willd. and Macaranga tanarius L. of rainforest." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 43, no. 2 (2015): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21665.

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The number of roots and root area ratio (RAR) decreased with depth in Acacia mangium and Macaranga tanarius and the maximum value of RAR and root number were observed in the first layer of soil. This process was regular in Acacia mangium Willd., but the RAR value showed great variability in Macaranga tanarius L. as the RAR decreased with depth until the second layer (20 cm) and increased again. About 35% of all roots in A. mangium, and about 50% of all roots in M. tanarius are located in the first layer. About 87% of all roots were in the fine root diameter class (d < 2 mm) in M. tanarius s

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2

Moresi, Federico Valerio, Mauro Maesano, Giorgio Matteucci, Manuela Romagnoli, Roy C. Sidle, and Giuseppe Scarascia Mugnozza. "Root Biomechanical Traits in a Montane Mediterranean Forest Watershed: Variations with Species Diversity and Soil Depth." Forests 10, no. 4 (2019): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040341.

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Plant roots play a key role in stabilizing slopes, particularly in the Mediterranean region, characterized by rough and unstable terrain. However, forest species differ in their stabilizing capacities. The purpose of this study is to fill the gap of knowledge on root biomechanical properties of relevant Mediterranean trees and shrubs in relation to slope stability. Root specimens of typical montane Mediterranean tree and shrub species were sampled in Southern Italy. Root characteristics, such as tensile strength (Tr) and root area ratio (RAR), were assessed from live roots sampled in trenches,

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3

Preti, F., and F. Giadrossich. "Root reinforcement and slope bioengineering stabilization by Spanish Broom (<i>Spartium junceum</i> L.)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 3 (2009): 3993–4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-3993-2009.

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Abstract. The present paper deals with the characteristics of the root system of Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum L.), a species that is worth taking into consideration for its capacity for adaptation and resistance to drought. In particular, the aims of the study were 1) to investigate the plant's bio-mechanical aspects and 2) to verify whether root reinforcement and the field rooting ability of stem cuttings enhance its potential for use in slope stabilization and soil bio-engineering techniques, particularly in Mediterranean areas. Single root specimens were sampled and tested for tensile st

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Preti, F., and F. Giadrossich. "Root reinforcement and slope bioengineering stabilization by Spanish Broom (<i>Spartium junceum</i> L.)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 9 (2009): 1713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1713-2009.

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Abstract. The present paper deals with the root system's characteristics of Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum L.), a species whose capacity for adaptating and resisting to drought is worth investigating. In particular, the aims of the study were 1) to investigate the plant's bio-mechanical aspects and 2) to verify whether root reinforcement and the field rooting ability of stem cuttings enhance its potential for use in slope stabilization and soil bio-engineering techniques, particularly in the Mediterranean areas. Single root specimens were sampled and tested for tensile strength, obtaining cla

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5

Yang, Qing Chao, Zhe Hao, Sheng You Lei, et al. "Experimental Study on Shear Strength of Root Composite Tailing Soil Based on Interfacial Bonding." Geofluids 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3749343.

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At present, the root soil interface bonding is not considered in the root system of mechanical soil-fixing model. The typical restoration plant Amorpha fruticosa, utilizing the widely used Wu model (WWM), the tensile and tensile properties of single root, and the shear strength properties of root soil composite tailing, is analyzed by the tensile tests of plant roots, pullout tests, and shear tests based on the effect of interfacial bond strength; based on the failure mode of root system in root soil, the modified WWM model is used to calculate the increment of shear strength of composite tail

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Mehtab, Alam, Yuan-Jun Jiang, Li-Jun Su, Sadiq Shamsher, Jia-Jia Li, and Rahman Mahfuzur. "Scaling the Roots Mechanical Reinforcement in Plantation of Cunninghamia R. Br in Southwest China." Forests 12, no. 1 (2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010033.

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The degree of mechanical reinforcement provided by plants depends upon its roots distribution in the soil and mechanical properties of the roots. The mechanical properties and distribution of root traits (root diameter and number) in the soil of the standing forest depends on the tree stem diameter. This variation of root traits with tree stem diameter is rarely investigated. Therefore, this research presents the effect of tree stem diameter on the distribution of roots within the standing forest of Cunninghamia in the Longchi forest area, Sichuan province, China. In this area, shallow landsli

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Gasser, Eric, Paolo Perona, Luuk Dorren, Chris Phillips, Johannes Hübl, and Massimiliano Schwarz. "A New Framework to Model Hydraulic Bank Erosion Considering the Effects of Roots." Water 12, no. 3 (2020): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030893.

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Floods and subsequent bank erosion are recurring hazards that pose threats to people and can cause damage to buildings and infrastructure. While numerous approaches exist on modeling bank erosion, very few consider the stabilizing effects of vegetation (i.e., roots) for hydraulic bank erosion at catchment scale. Taking root reinforcement into account enables the assessment of the efficiency of vegetation to decrease hydraulic bank erosion rates and thus improve risk management strategies along forested channels. A new framework (BankforNET) was developed to model hydraulic bank erosion that co

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8

Wang, Xuan, Zhenyu Li, Yongjun Chen, and Yongsheng Yao. "Influence of Vetiver Root Morphology on Soil–Water Characteristics of Plant-Covered Slope Soil in South Central China." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021365.

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The soil–water characteristic curve is an important tool to evaluate the water-holding capacity of unsaturated soil. Plant roots can affect the matric suction of soil and the water-holding capacity and permeability of the soil. Therefore, the morphological characteristics of plant roots will lead to the difference in soil–water characteristics between soil slope and plant-covered slope. This study aims to investigate the effect of Vetiver root morphology on soil–water characteristic curves of plant-covered slope soil. The hydrological effect of the root distribution on the root–soil system was

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9

Nhu, Viet-Ha, Ataollah Shirzadi, Himan Shahabi, et al. "Shallow Landslide Susceptibility Mapping by Random Forest Base Classifier and Its Ensembles in a Semi-Arid Region of Iran." Forests 11, no. 4 (2020): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040421.

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We generated high-quality shallow landslide susceptibility maps for Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran, using Random Forest (RAF), an ensemble computational intelligence method and three meta classifiers—Bagging (BA, BA-RAF), Random Subspace (RS, RS-RAF), and Rotation Forest (RF, RF-RAF). Modeling and validation were done on 111 shallow landslide locations using 20 conditioning factors tested by the Information Gain Ratio (IGR) technique. We assessed model performance with statistically based indexes, including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, kappa, root mean square error (RMSE), and a

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10

Nasamsir, Nasamsir. "RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) TERHADAP APLIKASI PUPUK N-P-K (12-0,6-6)." Jurnal Media Pertanian 1, no. 1 (2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jagro.v1i1.11.

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AbstractThis research aims to know the oil palm seedling growth response in the main nursery toward N-P-K (12-0,6-6) fertilizer with the trademark Vedagro with different doses. The research was carried out in the Paal Merah Lama village, Southern Jambi sub district, started from 16 September until 16 Desember 2015. The research design used was Completely Randomized Design, with fertilizer dose of Vedagro as a treatment which consists of 6 levels, namely: d0 (control), d1 (5 g polybag-1), d2 (10 g polybag-1), d3 (15 g polybag-1), d4 (20 g polybag-1) and d5 (25 g polybag-1), using 4 replicates.

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11

Chen, Chang-Tsern, Ching-Lung Lee, and Der-Ming Yeh. "Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, or Magnesium Deficiency on Growth and Photosynthesis of Eustoma." HortScience 53, no. 6 (2018): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12947-18.

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Growth and photosynthetic parameters were measured in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. ‘Umihonoka’ grown hydroponically under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg) deficiency in 1/2 strength of modified Johnson’s solution. Plant height, node number, and leaf area were all reduced under N, P, K, and Ca deficiencies but not under Mg deficiency as compared with plants grown in the complete nutrient solution. Shoot and root dry weight were reduced in the N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient treatments, whereas root but not shoot dry weight was lowered by Mg-deficie

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Hynd, PI. "Follicular determinants of the length and diameter of wool fibres. 1. Comparison of sheep differing in fibre length/diameter ratio at two levels of nutrition." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 45, no. 6 (1994): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9941137.

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Two groups of sheep were formed with similar mean fibre diameter (D) but differing rate of fibre elongation (L), and two groups with similar mean L but differing D. The sheep were placed on a low plane of nutrition for 8 weeks followed by a high plane of nutrition for a further 7 weeks. L, as a result of selection and nutrition, ranged from 268 to 515 8m/day, D from 17.5 to 32.8 8m, and LID ratios from 13 1 to 24.5 between individuals. Nutrition significantly influenced the dimensions of the follicle bulb and dermal papilla, the rate of division of follicle bulb cells, the dimensions of the co

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13

Subrata, Bhaskara Anggarda Gathot, and Stefany Darsan. "EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN HARA MIKRO MELALUI MEDIA DAN DAUN PADA TANAMAN KANGKUNG (Ipomea reptans Poir)." Agrin 22, no. 1 (2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.agrin.2018.22.1.457.

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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian hara mikro melalui akar dan daun. Penelitiandilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal. Perlakuan berupa kontrol,pupuk mikro lewat media, pupuk mikro lewat daun. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 6 kali. Media tanam berupapasir yang sudah dimasukan ke dalam bak penanaman, setelah itu tanam benih kangkung dengan jarak 10x10 cmpada setiap bak. Lalu aplikasikan pupuk melalui media atau daun seminggu sekali. Pengamatan yang dilakukanmeliputi tinggi tanaman dan kehijauan daun dengan SPAD 502 untuk tiap minggu

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14

Nhu, Viet-Ha, Saeid Janizadeh, Mohammadtaghi Avand, et al. "GIS-Based Gully Erosion Susceptibility Mapping: A Comparison of Computational Ensemble Data Mining Models." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (2020): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062039.

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Gully erosion destroys agricultural and domestic grazing land in many countries, especially those with arid and semi-arid climates and easily eroded rocks and soils. It also generates large amounts of sediment that can adversely impact downstream river channels. The main objective of this research is to accurately detect and predict areas prone to gully erosion. In this paper, we couple hybrid models of a commonly used base classifier (reduced pruning error tree, REPTree) with AdaBoost (AB), bagging (Bag), and random subspace (RS) algorithms to create gully erosion susceptibility maps for a su

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15

Sumyati, Dede, Budy Rahmat, and Dedi Natawijaya. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Akar Wangi sebagai Kombinasi Media Hidroponik, Briket sebagai Bahan Bakar." Media Pertanian 7, no. 2 (2022): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37058/mp.v7i2.5701.

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Peningkatan kebutuhan minyak akar wangi mengakibatkan peningkatan penyulingan yang disertai dengan peningkatan limbah akar wangi, hingga saat ini penanganan limbah akar wangi hanya mengandalkan pembakaran. Perlu adanya solusi lain sebagai pemanfaatan limbah akar wangi. Salah satu solusi yang bisa dikembangkan yaitu pemanfaatan limbah akar wangi sebagai media hidroponik dan briket sebagai bahan bakar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kombinasi media hidroponik dan nutrisi yang baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman sawi (Brassica juncea L.) dan mengetahui karakteristik briket

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Li, Dan, Zhishen Ruan, and Bo Wu. "Association of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width-Albumin Ratio for Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 28 (January 2022): 107602962211212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10760296221121286.

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Background Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was a risk factor for poor prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Recent reports suggested that combining RDW with other laboratory metrics could provide a better prediction. This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether the RDW-albumin ratio (RAR) may be associated with mortality after an AMI. Methods This cohort study was conducted among adults (over 16 years old) with AMI in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Database III V1.4 (MIMIC-III). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and the secondary outcome was

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17

Bischetti, Gian Battista, Enrico A. Chiaradia, Tommaso Simonato, et al. "Root Strength and Root Area Ratio of Forest Species in Lombardy (Northern Italy)." Plant and Soil 278, no. 1-2 (2005): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0605-4.

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18

Li, Chunyang, Frank Berninger, Jarkko Koskela, and Eloni Sonninen. "Drought responses of Eucalyptus microtheca provenances depend on seasonality of rainfall in their place of origin." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 3 (2000): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99056.

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We exposed seedlings of 12 Eucalyptus microtheca F. Muell. provenances to well-watered and water-stressed growing conditions in a greenhouse experiment and investigated the effects of drought on various plant properties in the provenances. We found significant variation in total biomass, height, root mass/foliage area ratio,foliage area/stem cross sectional area ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), water-use efficiency (WUE) and carbon isotope composition (d 13 C) among the provenances. The observed inter-provenance variation was more pronounced in the water-stressed treatment than in the well-wat

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19

Yang, Xiaoxia, Qiaoyan Tian, Jiakun Yan, and Yinglong Chen. "Characterizing Root Morphological Traits in 65 Genotypes of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.) from Four Different Ecological Regions in China." Agronomy 12, no. 6 (2022): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061472.

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As an indispensable grain crop, foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is becoming a functional food in China because of its abundant nutrients. However, low rainfall and uneven precipitation limit its growth and production, especially in northwest China. Understanding the root phenotypic characteristics of foxtail millet is critical for utilizing its root characteristics to breed new millet varieties with improved resource-use efficiency and better adaptation to harsh environments. The present study characterized the variability of the root morphological traits at the seedling stage of 65 millet

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20

Mao, Peili, Longmei Guo, Yunxiao Gao, Lin Qi, and Banghua Cao. "Effects of Seed Size and Sand Burial on Germination and Early Growth of Seedlings for Coastal Pinus thunbergii Parl. in the Northern Shandong Peninsula, China." Forests 10, no. 3 (2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030281.

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This paper examines the effects of seed size and the depth of sand burial on seed germination and seedling development for Pinus thunbergii. Parl. Seeds from 20- to 30-year old trees grown in the coastal area of Yantai were divided into three size categories (large, medium, and small). The seeds were sown in pots with different depth of sand, and their germination and seedling growth during the first month were investigated. Results showed that large seeds possessed the highest 1000-seed weight and soluble sugar concentration. Large and medium seeds had a higher germination rate, germination i

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Cruz, RT, JC O'Toole, M. Dingkuhn, EB Yambao, M. Thangaraj, and SK De Datta. "Shoot and Root Responses to Water Deficits in Rainfed Lowland Rice." Functional Plant Biology 13, no. 4 (1986): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9860567.

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A field study was conducted to determine the response of the rice cultivar IR54 to a gradient of soil moisture conditions imposed for 19 days at the vegetative stage using a line source sprinkler system. A mild plant water stress at the vegetative growth stage decreased tiller number, leaf area index (LAI), apparent canopy photosynthetic rates, leaf nitrogen per unit land area, shoot and total root dry mass, and total root length density. After complete stress relief by reflooding, LAI and crop growth remained below that of unstressed plants. The lower cumulative assimilation per unit land are

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Hoskote, Sumedh S. "Corrected formula for rectangular area ratio (RAR), a parameter used to quantify airflow limitation on expiratory flow-volume curves." Respiratory Medicine 204 (November 2022): 107032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107032.

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23

Zhang, Jianhua. "Seed dimorphism in relation to germination and growth of Cakile edentula." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 9 (1993): 1231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-145.

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Previous studies showed that the two seed morphs produced from the upper and lower fruit segments of Cakile edentula differed significantly in their germinability and carry-over effects on the growth of the subsequent plants. By partitioning variables into seed-morph and seed-mass components, this study suggests that both seed germination and the growth of the subsequent plants depend on seed mass rather than seed morph. Plants from large seeds generally had greater leaf area, shoot to root ratio, biomass, and smaller leaf area ratio than those from small seeds. Within the same seed-mass class

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MASSON, JEAN, ANDRÉ GOSSELIN, and NICOLAS TREMBLAY. "EFFETS DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTÉE SUR LA CROISSANCE DE TRANSPLANTS DE TOMATE ET DE LAITUE CULTIVÉS EN PLATEAUX MULTICELLULAIRES AVEC OU SANS ÉCLAIRAGE D’APPOINT." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70, no. 4 (1990): 1199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-148.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Springset’) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ’Ithaca’) transplants were grown under natural and supplemental light (100 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR) and fertilized with four nitrogen doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L−1 N). Supplemental light increased tomato shoot dry weight, shoot percent dry matter, leaf area, root dry weight, and root-to-shoot ratio. Lettuce transplants showed increased shoot and root dry weight as well as leaf area when supplemental light was present. For both species, nitrogen increased shoot dry weight and leaf area, but decreased shoot percent

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Oddiraju, Venu G., Caula A. Beyl, Philip A. Barker, and Gary W. Stutte. "Container Size Alters Root Growth of Western Black Cherry as Measured via Image Analysis." HortScience 29, no. 8 (1994): 910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.8.910.

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Microcuttings of three western black cherry (Prunus serotina var. virens Ehrh.) phenotypes obtained from seedling trees with profuse or scant root systems were grown in two container sizes to examine the early effects of root constraint. Because manual methods to estimate root length and other characteristics are time consuming and subjective, an image analysis hardware and software system (image capture and analysis system) was used to classify and measure the roots. There was a significant effect of clone on fine-root surface area, coarse: fine root ratio, and root dry weight (P ≤ 0.05), but

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Rowe, D. Bradley, Stuart L. Warren, and Frank A. Blazich. "Seedling Growth of Catawba Rhododendron. I. Temperature Optima, Leaf Area, and Dry Weight Distribution." HortScience 29, no. 11 (1994): 1298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.11.1298.

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Catawba rhododendron (Rhododendron catawbiense Michx.) seedlings of two provenances, Johnston County, N.C. (35°45′N, 78°12′W, elevation = 67 m), and Yancey County, N.C. (35°45′N, 82°16′W, elevation = 1954 m), were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 18 weeks with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Shoot and root dry weights and total leaf areas of seedlings of the Yancey County provenance (high elevation) exceeded (P ≤ 0.05) those of the Johnston County (low elevation) provenance at all temperature combinations. Leaf area was maximal

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Yang, Qihong, Chaobo Zhang, Shiming Yao, and Jing Jiang. "Root Distribution and Root Cohesion of Two Herbaceous Plants in the Loess Plateau of China." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 8053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138053.

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In order to understand the root morphology distribution and mechanical properties of typical herbaceous plants, and to evaluate the ability of soil reinforcement by the plant roots, root morphology investigation, single root tensile test in laboratory and root cohesion evaluation by the Wu-Waldron model were carried out on two local representative herbaceous plants, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad and Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. in the Loess Plateau of China. The results showed that the root morphological indexes (root number, single root diameter, root cross-sectional area, root surface area, root

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Lubis, Ahmad Ridwan. "GROWTH RESPONSE OF ROBUSTA COFFEE (Coffea robusta L.) GROWTH ON CHICKEN CAGE FERTILIZER AND FERTILIZER LIQUID ORGANIC." Agripreneur : Jurnal Pertanian Agribisnis 10, no. 1 (2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/agripreneur.v10i1.1947.

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The purpose of this research is to know the response of robustacoffee seedling from the application of chicken manure and liquid organic fertilize. This research was held in land that are on Kecamatan Medan Johor road, North Sumatra with altitude ±32 meters above the sea level, started from May until September 2016. This research was using factorial randomized block design with 2 factors. The first factor is the application of chicken manure (topsoil:manure)with four levels, namely: (1:0); (3:1); (2:1); (1:1) and the application of liquid organic fertilizer with four levels of 0 cc/l; 2 cc/l;

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Erram, Jyotika, Monica Bari, Antoinette Domingo, and Daniel T. Cannon. "Pulmonary function with expiratory resistive loading in healthy volunteers." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252916.

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Expiratory flow limitation is a key characteristic in obstructive pulmonary diseases. To study abnormal lung mechanics isolated from heterogeneities of obstructive disease, we measured pulmonary function in healthy adults with expiratory loading. Thirty-seven volunteers (25±5 yr) completed spirometry and body plethysmography under control and threshold expiratory loading of 7, 11 cmH2O, and a subset at 20 cmH2O (n = 11). We analyzed the shape of the flow-volume relationship with rectangular area ratio (RAR; Ma et al., Respir Med 2010). Airway resistance was increased (p<0.0001) with 7 and 1

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Malek, Asiah A., Frank A. Blazich, Stuart L. Warren, and James E. Shelton. "Initial Growth of Seedlings of Flame Azalea in Response to Day/Night Temperature." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 2 (1992): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.2.216.

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Seedlings of flame azalea [Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr] were grown for 12 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, leaf area, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures and their interactions. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Root, leaf, top, and total dry weights were maximized with days at 26C in combination with nights at 18 to 26C. Stem dry weight was maximized with

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Endo, Izuki, Miwa Kobatake, Natsuko Tanikawa, Tatsuro Nakaji, Mizue Ohashi, and Naoki Makita. "Anatomical patterns of condensed tannin in fine roots of tree species from a cool-temperate forest." Annals of Botany 128, no. 1 (2021): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab022.

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Abstract Background and Aims Condensed tannin (CT) is an important compound in plant biological structural defence and for tolerance of herbivory and environmental stress. However, little is known of the role and location of CT within the fine roots of woody plants. To understand the role of CT in fine roots across diverse species of woody dicot, we evaluated the localization of CT that accumulated in root tissue, and examined its relationships with the stele and cortex tissue in cross-sections of roots in 20 tree species forming different microbial symbiotic groups (ectomycorrhiza and arbuscu

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Kjellström, C. G., and H. Kirchmann. "Dry matter production of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) with special reference to the root system." Journal of Agricultural Science 123, no. 3 (1994): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600070325.

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SUMMARYAt the research farm of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, above- and belowground production and changes with time in root length, mean root radius and root surface area of spring oilseed rape were studied during the growing seasons 1987 and 1990. In both years, the highest root growth rate was recorded during the stem elongation phase, and the highest shoot growth rate during flowering. The root: shoot ratio decreased throughout the whole period of root sampling, from 0·64 to 0·16, during the cool and wet first year. In the warmer and drier second year, the ratio

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Kang, Jong-Goo, and Marc W. van Iersel. "Nutrient Solution Concentration Affects Shoot: Root Ratio, Leaf Area Ratio, and Growth of Subirrigated Salvia (Salvia splendens)." HortScience 39, no. 1 (2004): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.1.49.

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To evaluate the effects of nutrient concentration and pH of the fertilizer solution on growth and nutrient uptake of salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sellow ex Roem. & Schult. `Scarlet Sage'), we grew plants with five different concentrations of Hoagland nutrient solution [0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0× full strength; electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.4, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0, and 3.7 dS·m-1, respectively]. In a concurrent experiment, plants were subirrigated with modified Hoagland solution at 0.5× concentration and one of five solution pH values: 4.4, 5.4, 6.4, 7.2, and 8.0. Shoot and total dry weigh

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Gosselin, André, and Marc-J. Trudel. "Root-zone Temperature Effects on Pepper." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, no. 2 (1986): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.2.220.

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Abstract Ten-week-old pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Bell Boy’) were grown at 5 different root-zone temperatures (RZT) (12°, 18°, 24°, 30°, or 36° ± 2°C) for a period of 8 weeks. Maximum shoot dry weight and leaf area were measured at 24° and 30° RZT. Leaf area ratio (LAR) was not significantly affected by RZT treatments. Fruit weight was maximum at 30° RZT, but earliness was delayed at high RZT. Nitrogen, P, and K content of shoots were increased, but Mg and Ca concentrations were reduced at high RZT. Plant photosynthesis was the highest at 36° RZT. Increasing RZT improved both greenhouse

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Chen, Wei, and H. Vincent Poor. "Wireless Caching: Making Radio Access Networks More than Bit-Pipelines." Network 1, no. 2 (2021): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/network1020010.

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Caching has attracted much attention recently because it holds the promise of scaling the service capability of radio access networks (RANs). We envision that caching will ultimately make next-generation RANs more than bit-pipelines and emerge as a multi-disciplinary area via the union with communications, pricing, recommendation, compression, and computation units. By summarizing cutting-edge caching policies, we trace a common root of their gains to the prolonged transmission time, which is then traded for higher spectral or energy efficiency. To realize caching, the physical layer and highe

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Kim, Joon Hee, Hyuntae Kim, Teo Jeon Shin, et al. "Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary Primary Molar using CBCT and 3D CT." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 48, no. 4 (2021): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2021.48.4.437.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze morphological characteristics of maxillary primary molar’s root and root canal. 268 children aged 3 - 7 years (175 boys, 93 girls) who had CBCT (152 children) and 3D CT (116 children) taken in Seoul National University Dental Hospital from January 2006 to April 2020 were included. The number of roots and root canals were analyzed in 1002 teeth without any root resorption or periapical pathologies. Curvature, angulation, length of root and root canal, as well as cross-sectional shapes of the root canal were analyzed in 218 teeth. By using Mimics and 3-Mat

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Dunan, Claudio M., and Robert L. Zimdahl. "Competitive Ability of Wild Oats (Avena fatua) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Weed Science 39, no. 4 (1991): 558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500088378.

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Replacement series and growth analysis experiments under greenhouse and field conditions quantified and explained the competitive ability of wild oats and barley. Barley was a stronger competitor than wild oats under greenhouse and field conditions. The reciprocal yield approach showed that barley's intraspecific competition was 7.3 times greater than its interspecific competition with wild oats when calculated on a dry weight per plant basis. When leaf area per plant was the yield variable, barley's intraspecific competition was only 2.4 times greater than its interspecific competition. The d

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Yang, Shao, Ruimei Cheng, Wenfa Xiao, et al. "Heterogeneity in Decomposition Rates and Nutrient Release in Fine-Root Architecture of Pinus massoniana in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area." Forests 11, no. 1 (2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010014.

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Fine-root decomposition contributes a substantial amount of nitrogen that sustains both plant productivity and soil metabolism, given the high turnover rates and short root life spans of fine roots. Fine-root decomposition and soil carbon and nitrogen cycling were investigated in a 1-year field litterbag study on lower-order roots (1–2 and 3–4) of Pinus massoniana to understand the mechanisms of heterogeneity in decomposition rates and further provide a scientific basis for short-time research on fine-root decomposition and nutrient cycling. Lower-order roots had slower decay rates compared wi

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Norden, Daniel S., Stuart L. Warren, Frank A. Blazich, and David L. Nash. "Nitrogen Nutrition of Southern Seaoats (Uniola paniculata) Grown in the Float System." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 26, no. 2 (2008): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-26.2.80.

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Abstract Seeds of southern seaoats (Uniola paniculata L.) were removed from storage in July 2004, surface disinfested with 2.6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 min, and sown in styrofoam tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) float trays (flats) filled with a vermiculite-based hydroponic substrate. Trays were floated in plastic tubs (one tray per tub) containing a complete nutrient solution with nitrogen (N) at 10, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg·L−1 (ppm) from a 2N–3.5P–1K ratio (8N–32P2O5–5K2O) liquid slow-release fertilizer. After 10 weeks the study was terminated and data recorded. Total plant, top, le

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Wan, Yun, Jiang Hong Gong, and Ying Li. "Area-Perimeter Relation of the Grains in Stabilized Cubic Zirconia." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2524.

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Based on the observation that the ratio of the perimeter, P, to the square root of the area, A0.5, of the grains for a given material is nearly constant, it is suggested that the grain shape may be treated as a regular polygon with a non-integral side number. Examining the variation of P/A0.5-ratio with sintering holding time may provide useful information for sintering dynamics. Further analysis suggests that the P/A0.5-ratio may be a potential parameter for studying the grain-boundary effect in polycrystalline materials.

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Hansen, Conny W., and Jonathan Lynch. "Response to Phosphorus Availability during Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of Chrysanthemum: II. Biomass and Phosphorus Dynamics." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 123, no. 2 (1998): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.123.2.223.

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Whole-plant biomass accumulation, P dynamics, and root-shoot interactions during transition from vegetative to reproductive growth of `Coral Charm' chrysanthemum (Dendranthema ×grandiflorum Ramat.) (Zander, 1993) were investigated over a range of P concentrations considered to be deficient (1 μm), adequate (100 μm), and high (5 mm). In nondeficient plants, transition from vegetative to reproductive growth resulted in reduced relative growth rate and root and shoot biomass accumulation. Reproductive plants showed a higher commitment of the whole plant to the production of developing flowers tha

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Tremblay, N., S. Yelle, and A. Gosselin. "Effects of CO2 Enrichment, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Celery Transplants." HortScience 22, no. 5 (1987): 875–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.5.875.

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Abstract Celery transplants (Apium graveolens L. cv. Florida 683) were fertilized with complete nutrient solutions at three N concentrations and three concentrations of P in a factorial combination, both with or without atmospheric CO2 enrichment. They then were planted on a muck soil and harvested at the end of July. Carbon dioxide enrichment increased the transplant leaf area as well as shoot and root dry weight and decreased the leaf area ratio (LAR), but had no significant effect on growth parameters at harvest. Nitrogen affected leaf area, dry weight, leaf area ratio, and dry matter conte

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Ranney, T. G., N. L. Bassuk, and T. H. Whitlow. "Effect of Transplanting Practices on Growth and Water Relations of ‘Colt’ Cherry Trees During Reestablishment." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 7, no. 1 (1989): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-7.1.41.

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Abstract Dormant pruning, a film antitranspirant, and soil-applied paclobutrazol were evaluated as transplanting treatments in newly transplanted ‘Colt’ cherry trees under irrigated and water-stressed conditions. Under irrigated conditions all three treatments were effective in reducing plant water loss. However, all three treatments resulted in large reductions in mean growth rate, mean relative growth rate, root dry weight, and root surface area. The pruning treatment had no effect on the leaf area:root area ratio whereas the antitranspirant treatment resulted in an increased leaf area:root

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Olszyk, David M., Mark G. Johnson, David T. Tingey, et al. "Whole-seedling biomass allocation, leaf area, and tissue chemistry for Douglas-fir exposed to elevated CO2 and temperature for 4 years." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 2 (2003): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-186.

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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown under ambient or elevated ( ambient + 180 µmol·mol1) CO2 and ambient or elevated (ambient + 3.5°C) temperature in outdoor, sunlit chambers with a field soil. After 4 years, seedlings were harvested and measured for leaf area, leaf, fine root (<1 mm diameter), and structural (buds, branches, stems, main root, and lateral roots >1 mm in diameter) dry masses, and leaf and fine root C/N ratio, percent sugar, and percent cellulose. Elevated CO2 did not affect biomass production or allocation for any plant organ but incre

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Erb, W. Alan, and Mark Pyeatt. "Effect of Wind and Soil Moisture on the Growth of `Bluecrop' (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 648c—648. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.648c.

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This study was conducted in the greenhouse by running two experiments at different temperature regimes (22°C day and 13°C night and 33°C day and 22°C night). One-year-old tissue culture propagated plants were irrigated at three different soil moisture tension levels (5, 15, and 30 cnbars) and either exposed to moving or still air. The moving air treatment was created by two 51-cm-diameter fans running at either low (5.6 mph) or medium (8.2 mph) speed. Each experiment included, forty-eight plants arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each block consisted of a greenhouse bench containi

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Nikpour-Rashidabad, Neda, Alireza Tavasolee, Shahram Torabian, and Salar Farhangi-Abriz. "The effect of biochar on the physiological, morphological and anatomical characteristics of mung bean roots after exposure to salt stress." Archives of Biological Sciences 71, no. 2 (2019): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs181005014n.

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To investigate the changes in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of mung bean roots in response to biochar treatment during salt stress, a pot experiment was conducted. Mung bean plants were subjected to three biochar concentrations (0, 50 and 100 g kg-1 soil) and three salinity treatments (0, 5 and 10 dSm-1 NaCl). Salinity decreased root growth, vascular cylinder (VC) and cortical parenchyma (CP) areas, affecting the VC/CP ratio, shoot dry weight, the relative water content (RWC) of roots and leaves, and the root indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content. It increased specific root len

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47

Hendra, Yul, and Waliadi Gunawan. "SMART PARKING GATE MENGGUNAKAN RFID BERBASIS ARDUINO DI UNIVERSITAS BANTEN JAYA." Jurnal Ilmiah Sains dan Teknologi 4, no. 2 (2020): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/saintek.v4i2.1007.

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has been now, widely used as security system room device, checking goods, noralthough as media for daily attendance in office areas. With this RFID system, it is expected that someone can carry out various activities more quickly, effectively and safely. The design of the Parking Gate Prototype aims to design a microcontroller tool,that is Parking Gate can be inform the motorist. In this design has several common parts that are used, namely ultrasonic sensors, Arduino, PC / laptop. While, for the entrance and exit areas of the parking area using a servo de

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Qiu, Z., A. H. Chappelka, G. L. Somers, B. G. Lockaby, and R. S. Meldahl. "Effects of ozone and simulated acidic precipitation on above- and below-ground growth of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 4 (1992): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-077.

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Loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings from two families differing in ozone sensitivity were exposed to four ozone concentrations (charcoal-filtered (subambient ozone concentration), nonfiltered (ambient ozone concentration), non-filtered × 1.7, and nonfiltered × 2.5) and three levels of acidic precipitation (pH = 3.3, 4.3, and 5.3) in modified open-top chambers for one growing season at Auburn, Alabama. Seedlings were planted in the ground in root-exclusion tubes that isolated root systems of individual seedlings. Foliage, stem, and root biomass, three-dimensional root surface area (root sur

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Flórez, Sandra Liliana, Diego Miranda Lasprilla, Bernardo Chaves, Gerhard Fischer, and Stsnislav Magnitskiy. "Growth of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) plants affected by salinity and substrate." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 30, no. 2 (2008): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452008000200023.

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The effects of 0, 30 and 60 mM NaCl and substrates (red peat, sand or 3:1:1 [w/w] mixture of peat, sand, or soil) on vegetative growth of lulo, an Andean fruit species, during 12 weeks were studied. The experiment was carried out by using 2000 cm³ of polypropylene plastic pots under greenhouse conditions. Plant height, number of leaves and nodes, leaf area, total plant dry matter (DM), and shoot/root ratio were evaluated. With the increase of salt concentration, the plant height, the number of leaves and nodes, the leaf areas and plant dry mass DM decreased, whereas shoot/root ratio increased.

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Liu, T. T., J. R. Shao, L. Shen, et al. "Intercropping of Maize (Zea mays) and Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) vs. Monoculture: Plant Growth, Root Development, and Yield." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 9 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n9p17.

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In Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, we conducted an experimental study to evaluate the root morphology and crop yield for the intercropping of maize and cotton. Due to the shading effect of maize and the reduced root surface area of cotton root system, intercropped cotton yield was smaller (14.7%) than monoculture cotton yield. By contrast, intercropped maize with cotton yield was higher than monoculture maize yield. Compared with typical production of each crop separately, intercropping of maize and cotton showed several benefits: increased the land utilization rate, with a land equ

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