Journal articles: 'Root canal filling materials. eng'

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Radeva, E., T. Usunov, I. Ivanov, and G. Genchev. "Apical Microleakage of four Materials after Root End Resection (In Vitro Study)." Acta Medica Bulgarica 43, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amb-2016-0018.

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Summary Hermetic sealing of the apical area after root end resection is essential to the success of endodontic surgery. To compare microleakage after root end resection of the two bioceramic sealers without retrograde filling - Total Fill BC Sealer and MTA Fillapex, and two materials for retrograde filling-MTA and Biodentine, using the method of penetration of dye - 2% methylene blue. Forty eight extracted single-rooted human teeth were used in this study. The resection was made at 3 mm from the root tip at an angle of 90 degree to the long axis of the tooth. The teeth were divided into 4 groups: 1st group (n = 9) - root canal obturation with Total Fill BC Sealer without retrograde filling; 2nd group (n = 8) - root canal obturation with MTA Fillapex without retrograde filling. 3rd group (n = 10) - retrograde ultrasonic cavity preparation and filling with MTA. 4th group (n = 8) - retrograde ultrasonic cavity preparation and filling with Biodentine. The outer surface of the root was covered with two layers of varnish, with the exception of the apical 3 mm and then immersed in 2% methylene blue for 72 h. The degree of penetration of the dye is measured in millimeters. The data was entered and processed with the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0. We reject the null hypothesis when p < 0.05. With significantly higher value is the arithmetic mean of the group with the root canal obturation with Total Fill BC Sealer without retrograde filling - 2,01 mm; versus a retrograde filling with MTA - 0,68 mm and Biodentin - 0,51 mm; and no statistically significant difference with the group root canal obturation with MTA Fillapex - 1,76 mm. In the four material microleakage dye was observed, but to varying degrees.

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Rajbhandari, Santosh Man, and Bismita Pradhan. "Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Three Root-end Filling Materials." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 5, no. 1 (February 7, 2015): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v5i1.14496.

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Introduction: Reinfection of root canal treated tooth leads to endodontic failure. In such case surgical endodontic therapy is the treatment of choice which provides obturation of radicular space with 3-dimensional sealing.Objective: To evaluate and compare the sealing ability of Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with Glass ionomer cement (GIC) and Super EBA (Epoxybenzoic acid) root-end filling materials.Materials & Method: 94 extracted single rooted upper anterior teeth were selected for root canal preparation and obturation. Root were apically resected 3 mm; and 3 mm deep Class-I root-end cavities were prepared. Teeth were randomly distributed into 3 groups comprising 30 teeth in each group. Group-1 was retrofilled with MTA, Group-2 with GIC and Group-3 with Super EBA. 2 positive and 2 negative control teeth were instrumented and obturated but not filled on root-end cavity. In experimental groups and positive control group the whole surface of teeth except 3 mm adjacent to resected area were covered with twocoats of nail polish but in negative control group whole surface of teeth were covered, dried, immersed in 1% methylene blue for 72 hours. Each root was sectioned labio-lingually to the long axis of root. Depth of dye penetration was evaluated by 10x stereo-microscope.Result: MTA retrograde filling showed the best hermetic seal property whereas, few GIC and Super EBA samples showed microleakage in retrograde filling. GIC showed better sealing ability than Super EBA. Conclusion: MTA has potential to provide better hermetic-seal than GIC and Super EBA as root-end filling material.

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Kim, Yong-Sang, Seo-Kyong Kim, Yun-Chan Hwang, In-Nam Hwang, and Won-Mann Oh. "A comparative study on radiopacity of canal filling and retrograde root-end filling materials." Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 33, no. 2 (2008): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5395/jkacd.2008.33.2.107.

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Borș, Andreea, Melinda Székely, Cristina Molnar-Varlam, and Iulian Vasile Antoniac. "Bioactivity of Retrograde Dental Root Filling Materials." Key Engineering Materials 695 (May 2016): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.695.236.

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The placement of appropriate root-end filling materials in contact with periradicular tissues, with improved adaptation and biological properties is critical for the long-term success of the periapical surgery. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the bio-properties of four different root canal filling materials with respect to storage media. Two mineral trioxide aggregates: MTA-Angelus (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and two glass ionomer cements: one conventional Ketac Molar (3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany) and a resin reinforced core build-up glass ionomer Vitremer (3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany) were evaluated. Eighty healthy single-rooted human extracted teeth without curvature and with closed apices were included in this experiment. The canals were instrumented with K-files up to size #35. Adequate irrigation was performed during preparation and instrumentation using 2.6% NaOCl. Root canals were obturated with vertically condensed gutta-percha and roots end were apically resected 3mm. The samples were randomly divided in four groups (n=20) and each group was assigned to one of the four tested materials. Three-mm depth preparations were made at root ends using cylindrical diamond burs and constant water spray, and were filled with the tested materials. The roots were then wrapped in wet gauze and placed in an incubator at 37°C for 48 hours to allow complete set of the root-end filling materials. Each group was divided in two subgroups (n=10) and stored in polypropylene sealed containers for 60 days at 37°C. Specimens of the first subgroup were immersed in 5ml of a physiological-like buffered Ca- and Mg-free solution (PBS, pH=7.4) and those of the second subgroup were in 5ml of deionized water (DW, pH 6.8) After 10 minutes of immersion and at the established endpoint times, the specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Statistical analysis was performed by t-test and one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The morphology of cement–dentin interface in fresh restorations soaked 10 min in PBS showed the margins of all cements free from porosities or gaps. EDX elemental analyzes on MTA and ProRoot MTA revealed calcium, silica and phosphorous peaks, while on Ketac Molar and Vitremer, aluminum, silica, zinc and fluoride peaks were detected. After 60 days of immersion in PBS calcium-phosphate deposits completely covered the surface, the margin and partially also the peripheral dentin surface of MTA and Pro Root MTA. Glass ionomer cements showed the presence of thick irregular deposits (p<0.05). In deionized water, EDX analyses revealed no deposits forming after 60 days. SEM analysis showed the margins of MTA and ProRoot MTA with significant discontinuities compared with glass ionomer cements (p<0.05). Mineral trioxide aggregate cements are significantly more bioactive compared to conventional or reinforced glass ionomers upon aging in PBS. Glass ionomer cements provide more optimal adaptation to dentinal cavity walls of all cements than MTA cements when used as retrograde fillings.

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Vivan, Rodrigo Ricci, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Roberta Bosso-Martelo, Bernardo Cesar Costa, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, and Mário Tanomaru-Filho. "Push-out Bond Strength of Root-end Filling Materials." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 3 (June 2016): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600340.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of root-end filling materials. Forty 2-mm-thick slices were obtained from human single-rooted teeth. After root canal preparation using a 1.5 mm diameter cylindrical drill, the dentinal walls were prepared by diamond ultrasonic tip (CVD T0F-2). The specimens were divided according the material (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). The push-out test was performed in a mechanical test machine (EMIC DL 2000) at 1 mm/min speed. The failure type was evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey test, at 5% significance level. MTAA (19.18 MPa), MTAS (19.13 MPa) and S26 (15.91 MPa) showed higher bond strength (p<0.05). ZOE (9.50 MPa) showed the least bond strength values (p<0.05). Adhesive failure was prevalent in all groups, except for ZOE, which showed mixed failures. It was concluded that root-end filling materials MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer and Sealer 26 showed higher bond strength to dentinal walls than zinc oxide and eugenol cement after retrograde preparation.

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Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali, Syed Nahid Basheer, Fazlur Rahman Sayed, Sufiyan Shaikh, Muhammad Atif Saleem Agwan, Anand Marya, Pietro Messina, and Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina. "An In Vitro Stereomicroscopic Evaluation of Bioactivity between Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA, BIODENTINE & Glass Ionomer Cement Using Dye Penetration Method." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 8, 2021): 3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123159.

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The ideal root end filling material should form a tight seal in the root canal by adhering to the cavity walls. Several materials have been used for root end filling. The present study aims to find out and compare the bioactivity of Neo MTA Plus, Pro Root MTA White, BIODENTINE & glass ionomer cement as root end filling materials using 1% methylene blue as tracer. Materials and methods: 80 extracted human permanent maxillary anterior teeth were used in the study. They were divided into four groups. Specimens were sectioned transversely in the cervical area to separate the crown from the root. The root canal was obturated with gutta percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealers. Thereafter, each sample was resected apically by removing 3 mm of the apex and filled with different materials. Samples were kept in buffering solution at 37 °C until the recommended evaluation periods. The specimens were then suspended in 1% methylene blue for 24 h, prior to the analysis. The teeth were then sectioned, and dye penetration was examined, photographed, and evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Results: Vertical dye penetration showed significant differences across different groups. The minimum dye penetration was seen in Neo MTA plus followed by BIODENTINE, Pro Root MTA and maximum in GIC. There was no significant difference in dye penetration between Neo MTA plus and BIODENTINE both at fifteen days and one-month intervals. Conclusion: The present study suggests Neo MTA plus and BIODENTINE should be the preferred material for root end filling.

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Huang, Ching-Shuan, Sung-Chih Hsieh, Nai-Chia Teng, Wei-Fang Lee, Poonam Negi, Wendimi Fatimata Belem, Hsuan-Chen Wu, and Jen-Chang Yang. "A Silk Fibroin Based Hydration Accelerator for Root Canal Filling Materials." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040994.

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Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is widely used in various dental endodontic applications such as root-end filling, furcal perforation repair, and vital pulp therapy. In spite of many attempts to improve handling properties and reduce the discoloration of MTA, the ideal root canal filling material has yet to be fully developed. The objective of this study was to investigate the setting time, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of MTA set by a silk fibroin solution. A 5 wt% silk fibroin (SF) solution (a novel hydration accelerant) was used to set SavDen® MTA and ProRoot® white MTA (WMTA). Changes in setting time, diametral tensile strength (DTS), material crystallization, in vitro cell viability, and cell morphology were assessed by Vicat needle measurement, a universal testing machine, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and WST-1 assay, respectively. The initial setting time of ProRoot® MTA and SavDen® MTA experienced a drastic decrease of 83.9% and 42.1% when deionized water was replaced by 5 wt% SF solution as the liquid phase. The DTS of SavDen® MTA showed a significant increase after set by the SF solution in 24 h. A human osteoblast-like cell (MG-63)-based WST-1 assay revealed that both ProRoot® MTA and SavDen® MTA hydrated using SF solution did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) in cell viability. MG-63 cells with pseudopodia attachments and nuclear protrusions represent a healthier and more adherent status on the surface of MTA when set with SF solution. The results suggest that the 5 wt% SF solution may be used as an alternative hydration accelerant for MTA in endodontic applications.

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Marques, Jorge Henrique Stefaneli, Yara Teresinha Corrêa Silva-Sousa, Fuad Jacob Abi Rached-Júnior, Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves, Carlos Eduardo Saraiva Miranda, Silvio Rocha Correa da Silva, Liviu Steier, and Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto. "New Methodology to Evaluate Bond Strength of Root-End Filling Materials." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 3 (June 2015): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300189.

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This study evaluated the bond strength of root-end filling materials to root-end cavities using a new methodology. Twenty maxillary central incisors were subjected to biomechanical preparation (#80 hand file) and sectioned transversally 2 mm short of the apex and 4 mm coronally to this point. The root cylinders were embedded in acrylic resin and positioned at 45° to the horizontal plane for preparation of root-end cavities with a diamond ultrasonic retrotip. Two groups (n=10) were formed according to the root-end filling material: MTA and Super EBA. A gutta-percha cone (#80) was tug-backed at the limit between the canal and the root-end cavity. The cavity was filled and the gutta-percha cone was removed after complete setting of the sealer. The specimens were placed in an Instron machine with the root-end filling turned downwards. The push-out shaft was inserted in the space previously occupied by the gutta-percha cone and run at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min for pushing out the root-end filling material. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (α=5%). Super EBA (6.03±1.31) presented higher bond strength (MPa) than MTA (1.81±0.45) (p>0.05). There was a predominance of cohesive failures for Super EBA and mixed for MTA. The protocol of specimen preparation is effective and introduces a specific methodology for assessing bond strength of root-end filling materials to dentin. Among the materials, Super EBA presented the highest bond strength.

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Palit, M. C., K. S. Hedge, S. S. Bhat, S. S. Sargod, S. Mantha, and S. Chattopadhyay. "Tissue Engineering in Endodontics: Root Canal Revascularization." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 38, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.38.4.j5285857278615r1.

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Root canal revascularization attempts to make necrotic tooth alive by the use of certain simple clinical protocols. Earlier apexification was the treatment of choice for treating and preserving immature permanent teeth that have lost pulp vitality. This procedure promoted the formation of apical barrier to seal the root canal of immature teeth and nonvital filling materials contained within root canal space. However with the success of root canal revascularization to regenerate the pulp dentin complex of necrotic immature tooth has made us to rethink if apexification is at the beginning of its end. The objective of this review is to discuss the new concepts of tissue engineering in endodontics and the clinical steps of root canal revascularization.

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Prestegaard, Harald, Isabelle Portenier, Dag Ørstavik, Guven Kayaoglu, Markus Haapasalo, and Unni Endal. "Antibacterial activity of various root canal sealers and root-end filling materials in dentin blocks infectedex vivowithEnterococcus faecalis." Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 72, no. 8 (July 9, 2014): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2014.931462.

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Iliescu, Alexandru Andrei, Gabriel Tulus, Paula Perlea, Irina Maria Gheorghiu, Mihaela Georgiana Iliescu, and Horia Octavian Manolea. "Bioceramics and Endodontics: Present and Expectations in Clinical Use." Defect and Diffusion Forum 376 (July 2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.376.29.

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Currently bioceramics are preferentially used in various endodontic treatments such as pulp capping, pulp amputation, apexification, root-end fillings, perforation repair, and pulp regeneration. Additionally, bioceramics started to replace traditional materials still used in root canal fillings. The promising clinical results achieved during last 20 years by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) promoted in root canal treatments other MTA-like innovative endodontic materials, some of them produced by nanotechnology. Though the newcomers claim to have at least the same efficacy as MTA only rigorous long-term clinical studies might confirm the expectations. Probably the most spectacular effect of using bioceramics in endodontics is mirrored in regenerative treatments. However, are still required proper treatment protocols able to optimize the signaling environment of bioactive molecules for achieving the most efficient pulp regeneration. Pivotal is also the balance between clinical and histological outcomes. As compared to conventional materials used in endodontic treatments bioceramic cements are not only biocompatible but also bioactive as they proved to be involved in controlling the tissue healing and pulp regeneration. MTA or MTA-like cements are already the material of choice in regenerative endodontics, conservative vital pulp therapy and periradicular surgery due to their clinical success rate that spectacularly upraised in recent years. Based on in progress technology of fabrication it is expected that the newcomers belonging to bioceramic cements will overcome some potential clinical and histological downsides. MTA-based endodontic sealers are also promising promoters of improved interfacial bond between the filling material and the dentinal walls of root canal as a guarantee against microinfiltration.

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Nazneen, Rafia, Rajesh Karmaker, Gulnar Begum, and Nurul Amin. "Radiographic evaluation of the quality of root canal treatment in a Bangladeshi population." IMC Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcjms.v13i2.45288.

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Background and objective: Root canal treatment (RCT) has a high rate of success, when performed by properly trained dental surgeons. However, the failure rate is inappreciably high when the same procedure is done by less experienced dental graduates having no specialization on endodontics. This study was conducted to evaluate the technical quality of RCT performed by practicing dental graduates on Bangladeshi patient. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry of BIRDEM General Hospital Dhaka over a period of 6 months from January to June 2019. Radiographs of patients who had undergone RCT in last 6 months were included in the study. Parameters used to evaluate the obturation of the root canal were presence of root-filled, posts and voids. The RCT was assessed for filling at the end of the root with radiographic apex, the density of the filling material and taper from the orifice to apex. The quality of RCT was evaluated as totally unacceptable (score: 0-2), poorly acceptable (score: 3-4), acceptable (score: 5) and perfect (score: 6) based on the treatment score. Post-treatment complications were determined by furcation and cavity wall perforation, transportation, root perforation, instrument breakage, ledge formation, voids and missed canal. Result: A total of 180 postoperative readable radiographs with post root-canal treatment were evaluated. Evaluation of the technical quality of RCT revealed that 56% of the RCTs were of standard quality (41.7% were of perfect quality and 14.4% were of acceptable quality). The rest 23.3% were poorly acceptable and 20.6% were totally unacceptable. Majority (92.8%) of the obturation of the root canal revealed that roots were filled with sealing materials; however, 8.9% exhibited posts and 36.7% demonstrated voids. A sizable portion of the root canal obturation was unacceptable in terms of its length (12.2%), density (20%) and tapering (16.7%). Total 132 (73.3%) teeth developed at least one complication. Under filling and voids were predominant complications (42.8% and 41.1% respectively) followed by root perforation (12.2%), transportation (11.7%), ledge formation (5%), instrument breakage (2.8%) and missed canal (3.3%). Conclusion: The study concluded that over forty percent of the RCTs performed by dental graduates having no specialization on endodontics are of substandard quality and hence not acceptable. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 59-64

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Bansal, Rajinder, Manu Bansal, Mandeep Matta, Shilpa Walia, Baljeet Kaur, and Nishant Sharma. "Evaluation of Marginal Adaptation of MTA, Biodentine, and MTA Plus as Root-End Filling Materials—An SEM Study." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 07, no. 01 (April 2019): 006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1684154.

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Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and MTA Plus when used as root-end restorative materials using scanning electron microscope. Materials and Methods Forty-five extracted teeth with one root canal were cleaned and sectioned at cementoenamel junction, maintaining a standardized length of 15 mm. Chemomechanical preparation and obturation was done in all the samples, and access was restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Root-end cavities were prepared in all the samples after 3-mm apical root end was resected. Forty-five samples were divided into three groups with 15 samples each. Root apices were filled with ProRoot MTA in group I, Biodentine in group II, and MTA Plus in group III. The sample teeth were sectioned for examination of gaps at the margins using scanning electron microscope. The data collected were put to statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post hoc tests. Results The minimum margin gap score of 2.44 μm was observed in group II (Biodentine), whereas maximum gap score of 5.63 μm was observed in group I (ProRoot MTA); 4.92 μm mean margin gap score was observed in group III (MTA Plus). Conclusion Biodentine showed least margin gap at the interface, so it can be considered as the best root-end filling material, whereas, MTA Plus can be considered as a substitute to ProRoot MTA as a root-end filling material.

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Bosco, Julia, Ahmed Fatimi, Sophie Quillard, Jean Michel Bouler, and Pierre Weiss. "Rheological Properties of an Injectable Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Material." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.847.

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An injectable bone substitute (IBS) made of a suspension of calcium phosphate ceramic was used to filled dental root canal after removing of canal pulp. Compared with current filling materials, which are toxic to periapical tissues, calcium phosphate materials, due to their biocompatibility and bioactive properties, may be viewed as possible alternatives. The aim of this study was first to determine if an injectable bone substitute could be used to obtain further healing of apical tissue by the neoformation of a mineralized barrier. In the next step, the paper will focus on rheological measurements as a tool for physical characterisation and on the improvement of the injection technique. Rheology concerns the flow and deformation of the suspension and, in particular, its behaviour in the transient area between solids and fluids. The results showed that injection is possible with a good level of BCP granules at the end of the root dental canal with extracted tooth. Other experiments with other animal models closer to a Human model have to be performed before human trials.

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Tanomaru Filho, Mário, Frederick Alves Figueiredo, and Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru. "Effect of different dye solutions on the evaluation of the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate." Brazilian Oral Research 19, no. 2 (June 2005): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242005000200008.

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Alkaline materials have shown incompatibility with methylene blue dye in leakage experiments. The goal of the present study was to analyze the effect of different dyes on the evaluation of the apical sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate root-end fillings. Fifty-six extracted human canines were submitted to root canal instrumentation and obturation. After apical resection, retrograde cavities were prepared and teeth were randomly divided into four experimental (n = 13) and two control groups (n = 2). The following root-end filling materials were used: groups 1 and 2 - Pro Root MTA (Dentsply), groups 3 and 4 - zinc oxide-eugenol cement (ZOE). Teeth in groups 1 and 3 were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution, while teeth in groups 2 and 4 were immersed in 0.2% rhodamine B in a reduced pressure environment for 48 hours. Teeth were then longitudinally sectioned and leakage was evaluated. Results were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's test). Group 1 presented the least leakage (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the evaluation of the sealing ability of MTA is influenced by the dye used, since this material presented better sealing ability when evaluated with Methylene Blue, but was similar to ZOE when evaluated with rhodamine B.

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Dobrzańska, Joanna, Lech B. Dobrzański, Klaudiusz Gołombek, Leszek A. Dobrzański, and Anna D. Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz. "Virtual Approach to the Comparative Analysis of Biomaterials Used in Endodontic Treatment." Processes 9, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060926.

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The importance of endodontics is presented within our own concept of Dentistry Sustainable Development (DSD) consisting of three inseparable elements; i.e., Advanced Interventionist Dentistry 4.0 (AID 4.0), Global Dental Prevention (GDP), and the Dentistry Safety System (DSS) as a polemic, with the hypothesis of the need to abandon interventionist dentistry in favour of the domination of dental prevention. In view of the numerous systemic complications of caries that affect 3−5 billion people globally, endodontic treatment effectively counteracts them. Regardless of this, the prevention of oral diseases should be developed very widely, and in many countries dental care should reach the poorest sections of society. The materials and methods of clinical management in endodontic procedures are characterized. The progress in the field of filling materials and techniques for the development and obturation of root canals is presented. The endodontics market is forecast to reach USD 2.1 billion in 2026, with a CAGR of 4.1%. The most widely used and recognized material for filling root canals is gutta-percha, recognized as the “gold standard”. An alternative is a synthetic thermoplastic filler material based on polyester materials, known mainly under the trade name Resilon. There are still sceptical opinions about the need to replace gutta-percha with this synthetic material, and many dentists still believe that this material cannot compete with gutta-percha. The results of studies carried out so far do not allow for the formulation of a substantively and ethically unambiguous view that gutta-percha should be replaced with another material. There is still insufficient clinical evidence to formulate firm opinions in this regard. In essence, materials and technologies used in endodontics do not differ from other groups of materials, which justifies using material engineering methodology for their research. Therefore, a detailed methodological approach is presented to objectify the assessment of endodontic treatment. Theoretical analysis was carried out using the methods of procedural benchmarking and comparative analysis with the use of contextual matrices to virtually optimize the selection of materials, techniques for the development and obturation of root canals, and methods for assessing the effectiveness of filling, which methods are usually used, e.g., in management science, and especially in foresight research as part of knowledge management. The results of these analyses are presented in the form of appropriate context matrices. The full usefulness of the research on the effectiveness and tightness of root canal filling using scanning electron microscopy is indicated. The analysis results are a practical application of the so-called “digital twins” approach concerning the virtual comparative analysis of biomaterials used in endodontic treatment.

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Al-Hamad, Khaled Q., Mohamed Al-Omari, Ahed Al-Wahadni, and Azmi Darwazeh. "Radiographic Assessment of Post-retained Crowns in an Adult Jordanian Population." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 7, no. 4 (2006): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-7-4-29.

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Abstract Aim The objective of this study was to radiographically assess and compare the quality of post-retained crowns fabricated at the Dental Health Centre of the Jordan University of Science & Technology (JUST). Methods and Materials Study data were collected in 2002 from existing dental records for all patients receiving treatment with post-retained crowns between October, 1997 and June, 1999. The posts were assessed radiographically to evaluate various aspects of the quality of post-retained crowns. All 129 posts were fabricated in the dental school. Results The most-frequently restored teeth were the maxillary incisors (38.8%). Sixty-two percent of the posts were tapered, while 38% were parallel-sided. The mean length of the posts was 0.95 mm (SD 0.41) with a range between 0.22-2.85 mm. Caries was diagnosed radiographically in 10.8% of cases with lesions located on root surfaces in 64.3% of them, while 35.7% of lesions were within the root canal. Three posts (2.3%) were deviated from the line of the root canal in the mesio-distal plane. No evidence of root filling was found in 2.3% of the cases. In the remainder of teeth 15.5% had gutta percha extended to the radiographic apex of the tooth, while 59.7% fell 0.5-1 mm short of the radiographic apex. Gutta-percha was extruded beyond the apex in 22.5% of the teeth. Space between the end of the post and the root filling was found in 22.2%. The percentage of canals with apparently completely healthy periapical tissue was 51.2%. In the rest of the cases 34.8% had areas of radiolucency at or near the root apices and 14% demonstrated widening of the periodontal space around the root apex. Root resection had been completed in 2.3% cases. Signs of external resorption were apparent in one case (0.78%). Conclusion The standards of the treatment of the endodontically treated teeth made at the dental hospital were satisfactory but could be improved by a controlled academic supervisory environment and a strict scientific approach to fixed prosthodontics within the dental school. Citation Al-Hamad KQ, Al-Omari M, Al-Wahadni A, Darwazeh A. Radiographic Assessment of Post-retained Crowns in an Adult Jordanian Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 September;(7)4:029-036.

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Leal, Fernanda, Gustavo De-Deus, Claudia Brandao, Aderval Luna, Erick Souza, and Sandra Fidel. "Similar Sealability Between Bioceramic Putty Ready-To-Use Repair Cement and White MTA." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 4 (July 2013): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302051.

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This study was designed to assess the ability to prevent glucose penetration of a bioceramic putty ready-to-use repair cement comparing to white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). After root canal instrumentation, the apical 3 mm of maxillary incisors were resected and root-end cavities with depth of 3 mm were prepared with ultrasound and filled with the tested materials (15 roots per group). All roots were mounted in a double chamber system to assess glucose penetration using 15 psi pressure application. After 1 h, glucose concentrations in the lower chamber were measured following an enzymatic reaction. Four roots were used as controls. The Mann-Whitney test verified differences in glucose leakage between groups and the Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons. Significance level was set at 5%. There was no significant difference in glucose leakage between iRoot BP Plus and White MTA groups. iRoot BP Plus had a similar ability to that of white MTA in preventing glucose leakage as a root-end filling material.

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Torres, Fernanda Ferrari Esteves, Juliane Maria Guerreiro-Tanomaru, Jader Camilo Pinto, and Mario Tanomaru-Filho. "Effect of Different Dimensions of Test Samples on the Volumetric Change Assessment Of Endodontic Materials." Brazilian Dental Journal 32, no. 1 (February 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202103507.

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Abstract New methodologies using micro-CT to evaluate solubility besides dimensional and morphological changes of endodontic materials are proposed. However, there is no standardization in the methods. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different dimensions of test samples on volumetric change evaluation of different endodontic materials. AH Plus, FillCanal and Sealapex root canal sealers, Biodentine, IRM and MTA root-end filling cements were used in the tests. Samples of each material with a thickness of 1.5 mm and different diameters were manufactured: 6.3, 7.75, and 9.0 mm. The samples were scanned in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) after setting and after 7 days of immersion in distilled water. The volumetric change was evaluated by means of the difference in the total volume of the specimens before and after immersion. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (p<0.05). The size of the samples did not affect the percentage of volumetric change of the materials (p>0.05). All sample sizes had greater volume loss for Sealapex among the sealers and Biodentine for the cements (p<0.05). In conclusion, Biodentine and Sealapex had the highest volume loss after immersion. Samples with 1.5 mm thickness, and diameters ranging between 6.3 and 9.0 mm can be used to assess the stability of endodontic materials using micro-CT without affecting the percentage of volumetric change.

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Mousavi, Seyed Amir, Alireza Farhad, Shirin Shahnaseri, Abbas Basiri, and Erfan Kolahdouzan. "Comparative evaluation of apical constriction position in incisor and molar teeth: An in vitro study." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 02 (April 2018): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_54_18.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The apical constriction (AC) and the apical foramen (AF) are the principal reference points used to determine the apical limit for instrumentation and root canal filling. AC varies in different races, and the aim of the current study was to measure and compare the distances from AC to AF and the anatomical apex (AA) in incisor and molar teeth in the Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Forty-five roots of incisor teeth and 45 roots of molar teeth were selected randomly in Isfahan Province, Iran. If the foramen was located toward the mesial or distal side of the apex, the cut was made mesiodistally, and if it was toward the buccal or lingual side, the section was made accordingly. Roots were examined under a microscope at ×25 magnification. The distances from AC to AF and AA were then estimated using a Motic camera. Descriptive statistics were used. The independent t-test was also used to compare distances in incisors and molars, and P = 0.05 was deemed to indicate statistical significance. Results: The mean distances between AC and AF were 0.847 ± 0.33 mm in incisors and 0.709 ± 0.27 mm in molars. The mean distances between AC and AA were 1.23 ± 0.39 mm in incisors and 1.01 ± 0.38 mm in molars. In an independent t-test, the distances between AC and AF differed significantly in incisors and molars (P = 0.035), but the distances between AC and AA did not (P = 0.172). Conclusion: The end points for root canal therapy should be 0.85 mm in incisors and 0.70 mm in molars.

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Sidash, Yu V., O. P. Kostyrenko, and V. N. Petrushanko. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FURCATION AREA AND PROSPECTS OF ITS COMPLEX TREATMENT." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2021.09.

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Relevance. The issue of quality endodontic treatment of teeth with complicated caries is still known as requiring thoughtful research. A significant percentage of periodontitis occurs in the area of furcations of multi-rooted teeth, sometimes alone, but more often as combined with apical periodontitis. Among the number of unsolved tasks, there is question about furcation areas and in particularly their antiseptic treatment and obturation in the complex treatment of chronic apical periodontitis of multi-rooted teeth. Aim: to investigate the histo-morphological features of the furcation area of the first, second molars of the upper and lower jaws and, according to the results of the experimental study, to develop a scheme of complex treatment of chronic apical periodontitis of multi-rooted teeth. Materials and methods. Ten first and second molars of both jaws not affected by fluorosis and removed according to orthodontic or surgical indications in patients aged from 25 to 50 years, were used for this study. In the first stage, transverse and longitudinal sections of the molars were made using diamond-coated separation disks. Using an orthopaedic tip, the first half of the molars were cut longitudinally in the mesio-distal direction with separation disks, under water cooling. The other half of the molars were cut transversely along the neck of the tooth and histochemically stained. In the second stage of the study, we used the experimental application of photodynamic therapy for antiseptic treatment of furcation channels and sealing them with citrate buffer. For this purpose, the next two first and two second mandibular molars were selected, respectively dissected in two planes. Samples were fixed in a vertical position; cotton rolls soaked with 2% methylene blue were placed onto the bottom of each half for 30 s., 1 min., 5 min., and 24 h. In this study we used light binocular stereoscopic microscope MBS-9; histochemical dyes: CHIC-thionine, ammonia silver solution "Argentat", reducing agent (hydroquinone), methylene blue, device "UFL - 122" company "Lux Dent", citrate buffer solution and white clay. The results were recorded with a digital camera mounted on a microscope tube. Results and discussion. The results of histochemical examination of ten molars showed the presence of furcation channels in four teeth. Two samples were stained with CHIC-thionine, the others were stained with two-component "Argenate". The selected samples were dissected in the sagittal plane through the area of localization of the furcation channels and studied under the microscope (magnification: 8x32). In teeth dissected in the transverse plane, the crown and mouth pulp were instrumentally removed without dilation of the root canals and stained accordingly. Thus, when modelling the stage of photodynamic treatment using a 2% solution of methylene blue, there is a significant filling of furcation channels and root canals along their entire length. The photosensitizer 2% methylene blue at the exposure of 30s demonstrates the highest efficiency at the minimum staining of surrounding fabrics. The microscopy was performed to confirm the ability of the photosensitizer to penetrate into the furcation channels at х8 – х32 magnification. After the experimental filling of furcation channels and root canals, we can see clear white stripes along their entire length on the dentin surface of the longitudinal section of the root; these stripes are obliquely directed towards the canal surface and consist of numerous dentinal tubules impregnated with citrate buffer. Numerous thin white lines are clearly visible on the surface of the section that run in parallel, tangentially through almost the entire thickness of the root wall and end up their course in the area around the peripulpal dentin. This indicates the formation of calcium citrate in the root canal that tightly covers its entire surface impregnating the dentinal tubules and completely fills them along their entire length. Therefore, the experimental model of using 2% methylene blue photosensitizer at a 30 s. exposure for photodynamic therapy and citrate buffer for obturating furcation and root canals can be applied in the treatment of patients with chronic apical periodontitis and lesions of the furcation area. Conclusions. Thus, morphological studies of the first and second molars of both jaws have shown the presence of furcation channels, which anatomical structure is quite complex and demanding in terms of their antiseptic treatment and filling. Therefore, we developed new effective for disinfection and obturation techniques including applying photodynamic therapy for disinfection of furcation channels and citrate buffer for their obturation.

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CHONG, B. S., T. R. PITT FORD, and S. P. KARIYAWASAM. "Tissue response to potential root-end filling materials in inflected root canals." International Endodontic Journal 30, no. 2 (March 1997): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1997.tb00682.x.

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Geurtsen, Werner. "Biocompatibility Of Root Canal Filling Materials." Australian Endodontic Journal 27, no. 1 (April 2001): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2001.tb00445.x.

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Scărlătescu, Sînziana Adina, Paula Perlea, Irina Maria Gheorghiu, Oana Andreea Diaconu, Mihaela Georgiana Iliescu, Andrei Iliescu, and Alexandru Andrei Iliescu. "Adhesive root canal filling." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 61, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2015.1.6.

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The adhesive root canal filling was introduced as an alternative to gutta-percha and conventional sealers aiming to improve the long lasting success of the endodontic treatments. However, after more than one decade of clinical use the results are controversial. Taking into account the much higher cost and for the time being clinical parameters in debate of the adhesive root canal filling, it seems reasonable to still consider gutta-percha and conventional sealers as preferential materials for the root canal filling.

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CHONG, B. S., T. R. PITT FORD, and S. P. KARIYAWASAM. "Short-term tissue response to potential root-end filling materials in infected root canals." International Endodontic Journal 30, no. 4 (July 1997): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.1997.tb00704.x.

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CHONG, B. S., T. R. PITT FORD, and S. P. KARIYAWASAM. "Short-term tissue response to potential root-end filling materials in infected root canals." International Endodontic Journal 30, no. 4 (October 30, 2003): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.1997.00077.x.

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Pogrel, T. "Nerve damage from root canal filling materials." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 44 (October 2015): e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.958.

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Maia, Jikia. "Antimicrobial activity of root canal filling materials." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/116.

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The antimicrobial activity of filling materials was studied to improve the quality of treatment of complicated caries in vitro. Resorcin-formalin cement Resodont (“Latus”, Ukraine) - № 1; Endocort zinc oxide-eugenol cement (“Latus”, Ukraine) - No. 2; materials based on zinc oxide eugenol cement with dexamethasone: Endomethasone ivory (Septodont, France) - No. 3 and Endofil ("Produit Dentaires SA", Switzerland) - No. 4. To assess the antimicrobial activity of the studied materials, test microorganism strains were used: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 6783, Candida albicans ATCC 885-653. As a result of the study, it was established that filling materials have different antimicrobial activity. Resodont has the greatest antimicrobial activity on the test culture. Endomethason is active in relation to the test cultures studied, inferior to Resodont in its antimicrobial properties. Endocort and Endofil have less antimicrobial activity than Resodont and Endomethason, but have approximately equal growth retardation rates. It should be noted that with respect to Staphylococcus aureus, Endocort was found to be almost 1.5 times more active than Endofil. The conducted studies confirm that the materials for filling of root canals by Resodont and Endocort (Latus, Ukraine) have a pronounced antibacterial effect. They are competitive with foreign sealers and are the materials of choice, having a significantly lower cost.

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MELKER, K., F. VERTUCCI, M. ROJAS, A. PROGULSKEFOX, and M. BELANGER. "Antimicrobial Efficacy of Medicated Root Canal Filling Materials." Journal of Endodontics 32, no. 2 (February 2006): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2005.10.032.

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Tanomaru-Filho, Mário, Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru, Mario Roberto Leonardo, and Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva. "Periapical repair after root canal filling with different root canal sealers." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 5 (2009): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000500006.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate periapical repair after root canal filling with different endodontic sealers. Sixty-four root canals from dog´s teeth were filled, divided into 4 groups (n=16). Root canals were instrumented with K-type files and irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. Root canals were filled in the same session by active lateral condensation of the cones and sealers: Intrafill, AH Plus, Roeko Seal and Resilon/Epiphany System. After 90 days, the animals were euthanized and the tissues to be evaluated were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For histopathological analysis, the following parameters were evaluated: inflammatory process, mineralized tissue resorption, and apical mineralized tissue deposition. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that Intrafill had less favorable results in terms of apical and periapical repair, compared to the other sealers (p<0.05). AH Plus, Roeko Seal, and Epiphany sealers had similar and satisfactory results (p>0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus and the materials Roeko Seal and Epiphany are good options for clinical use in Endodontics.

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Faus-Llácer, Vicente, Rubén Linero Pérez, Ignacio Faus-Matoses, Celia Ruiz-Sánchez, Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho, Salvatore Sauro, and Vicente Faus-Matoses. "Efficacy of Removing Thermafil and GuttaCore from Straight Root Canal Systems Using a Novel Non-Surgical Root Canal Re-Treatment System: A Micro-Computed Tomography Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061266.

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The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an XP-endo non-surgical root canal re-treatment system in removing both GuttaCore and Thermafil gutta-percha carrier-based root canal filling materials from straight root canal systems using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. The study was performed on 20 single-rooted upper teeth, which were randomly allocated into the following study groups: Group A, Thermafil and AH Plus sealer (n = 10); Group B, GuttaCore and AH Plus sealer (n = 10). Before and after the non-surgical root canal re-treatment procedure, the samples were submitted for a micro-CT analysis. The volume of the root canal filling material (mm3), the volume of the remaining root canal filling material (mm3) and the time (minutes) needed to remove the root canal filling material were also recorded. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the results. No statistically significant differences were found between the volume of the remaining root canal filling material in the GuttaCore and Thermafil root canal filling systems at the coronal third (p = 0.782), middle third (p = 0.838) or apical third (p = 0.882) of the straight root canal systems; however, the GuttaCore required a statistically significant (p = 0.037) shorter amount of time (4.72 ± 0.76 min) to be removed than the Thermafil carrier-based root canal filling material (5.92 ± 1.42 min). The XP-endo Finisher non-surgical endodontic re-treatment system removes both GuttaCore and Thermafil gutta-percha carrier-based root canal filling materials from straight root canal systems, although removal of the GuttaCore gutta-percha carrier-based root canal filling material required less time.

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GRANDE, N., G. PLOTINO, L. LAVORGNA, P. IOPPOLO, R. BEDINI, C. PAMEIJER, and F. SOMMA. "Influence of Different Root Canal–Filling Materials on the Mechanical Properties of Root Canal Dentin." Journal of Endodontics 33, no. 7 (July 2007): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2007.02.018.

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Al-Kahtani, Ahmed Mubarak. "Carrier-based Root Canal Filling Materials: A Literature Review." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 4 (2013): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1402.

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ABSTRACT A review of the literature on the use of carrier based obturation materials focusing on Thermafil and Resilon based obturator (RealSeal 1) are presented in this article. The review addressed the history, apical leakage, coronal leakage, biocompatibility, sealing ability and clinical success of Thermafil and RealSeal 1. Based on the studies gathered, this review concluded that both treatment techniques (Thermafil and RealSeal 1) did not provide excellent apical sealing ability. More research should be done to try to overcome their main drawback, its sealing ability. How to cite this article Al-Kahtani AM. Carrier-based Root Canal Filling Materials: A Literature Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(4):777-783.

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Nakamura, Hiroshi, Fumio Sakakibara, Yasuaki Matsumoto, Shinei Hirano, Hisaki Hayakawa, Kazuyoshi Sakai, and Morris Yip. "Study on the cytotoxicity of root canal filling materials." Journal of Endodontics 12, no. 4 (January 1986): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(86)80054-1.

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Camilleri, Josette. "Will Bioceramics be the Future Root Canal Filling Materials?" Current Oral Health Reports 4, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40496-017-0147-x.

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Valera, Márcia Carneiro, Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Camargo, Alessandra Sverberi Carvalho, and Eduardo Ramalho Pereira Gama. "In vitro evaluation of apical microleakage using different root-end filling materials." Journal of Applied Oral Science 14, no. 1 (January 2006): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572006000100010.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the apical leakage of retrograde cavities filled with Portland Cement (Concrebrás S/A-MG-Brazil), ProRoot MTA TM (Dentsply International, Johnson City, TN, USA) and Sealapex (Kerr Corporation, Orange, California, USA) with addition of zinc oxide (Odahcam Herpo Produtos Dentários Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). Forty-two extracted single-rooted human teeth were decoronated and used for this study. The root canals were instrumented at 1.0mm short of the apical foramen using the step-back technique to an apical ISO size 60. The roots were obturated with gutta-percha points and sealer Sealapex (Kerr Corporation-USA) and then 3mm of each root apex was sectioned at a 90° angle. Ultrasonic retrograde preparation was performed with a diamond tip to 3mm depth and the roots were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the filling material: G1-Portland, G2-ProRoot MTA, G3- Sealapex zinc oxide-added cement. The root surfaces were covered with nail varnish up to 2mm from the apical foramen, immersed in simulated tissue fluid for 30 days, and then immersed in 0.2% Rhodamine B solution for 24 hours for evaluation of marginal leakage. The results showed mean leakage of 0.75, 0.35 and 0.35 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively; however, Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference among the results (p>0.05).

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Pereira, Cecília Luiz, Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci, and Flávio Fernando Demarco. "Sealing ability of MTA, Super EBA, Vitremer and amalgam as root-end filling materials." Brazilian Oral Research 18, no. 4 (December 2004): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242004000400008.

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This study evaluated the root-end sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA Angelus), reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement (Super EBA), resin-modified glass ionomer (Vitremer) and zinc-free amalgam (GS-80) (control). The root canals of eighty human lower molars were accessed, cleansed, shaped and obturated. Apexes were resected and cavities were prepared. Teeth were divided into 4 groups of 40 cavities, root-end filled with the materials, and immersed in methylene blue for 72 h at 37°C. Roots were then sectioned transversally at each millimeter and evaluated under magnification, observing the dye penetration in each section. Data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test at a 5% level of significance, showing the differences among all materials (p < 0.001). The crescent order of microleakage was MTA < Vitremer < Super EBA < amalgam. Higher leakage levels were observed in the first millimeter sections of amalgam, Vitremer and MTA, when compared with the third millimeter section (p < 0.05).

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de Toledo Leonardo, Renato, Gisselle Moraima Chávez-Andrade, Milton Carlos Kuga, Flávia Angélica Guiotti, Gisele Faria, Miriam Graziele Magro, and Bruno Cavalini Cavenago. "Effectiveness of ProTaper Retreatment System associated with Organic Solvents in the Removal of Root Canal Filling Material." World Journal of Dentistry 4, no. 3 (2013): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1227.

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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of ProTaper universal retreatment system in the removal of root canal filling material with thermomechanical compaction, in comparison to manualmechanical technique, associated with orange oil or eucalyptol. Materials and methods Forty extracted lower incisors were filled with thermomechanical compaction technique. After 3 years, the root canal filling was removed by: G1 - manualmechanical technique with orange oil; G2 - manual-mechanical technique with eucalyptol; G3 - ProTaper universal retreatment system with orange oil and G4 - ProTaper universal retreatment system with eucalyptol. In sequence, all root canals were instrumented to F5 instrument. The teeth were longitudinally grooved, images of buccal half were obtained in stereomicroscope and covered area by root canal filling material was measured using image tool software, in cervical, middle and apical radicular thirds. The results were subjected ANOVA and Tukey test (p = 0.05). Results In all thirds, the manual-mechanical technique showed lower presence of root canal filling material on root canal dentin in comparison to ProTaper retreatment universal system, regardless of organic solvent used (p < 0.05). There is no difference between organic solvents in removal root canal filling material (p > 0.05). Conclusion The ProTaper universal retreatment system showed lower effectiveness in removal root canal filling material than manual-mechanical technique, regardless of organic solvents (orange oil or eucalyptol oil) used. Clinical significance Recently rotary instruments have been proposed to removal of root canal filling material. However, there are no studies evaluating its effectiveness in removal root canal filling material in association with orange oil or eucalyptol oil. How to cite this article Guiotti FA, Kuga MC, de Toledo Leonardo R, Chávez-Andrade GM, Magro MG, Cavenago BC, Faria G. Effectiveness of ProTaper Retreatment System associated with Organic Solvents in the Removal of Root Canal Filling Material. World J Dent 2013;4(3):175-179.

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Ko, Su-Yeon, Hae Won Choi, E.-Deun Jeong, Vinicius Rosa, Yun-Chan Hwang, Mi-Kyung Yu, and Kyung-San Min. "Main and Accessory Canal Filling Quality of a Premixed Calcium Silicate Endodontic Sealer According to Different Obturation Techniques." Materials 13, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 4389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194389.

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The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different obturation techniques on the main and accessory canal filling quality of a premixed calcium silicate endodontic sealer (Endoseal TCS). We also highlighted the validity of the methods used for evaluating the canal filling quality. Thirty single-rooted premolars were used for the main canal filling and 75 were used for accessory canal filling. The canals were instrumented and randomly divided into three groups according to the filling techniques: (1) single-cone technique (SC), (2) single-cone with ultrasonic activation (SU), and (3) warm vertical compaction (WV). Voids in relation to the root canal fillings were assessed using cross-section images from microcomputed tomography (μCT) scans or transversely sectioned tooth specimens (n = 10). After demineralization and clearing of the teeth, the incidence, number, and completeness of the accessory canal fillings were evaluated (n = 25). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test was used for the evaluation of the voids in the main root canal and the incidence and number of filled accessory canals. Pearson’s chi-squared (χ2) test was used for the evaluation of the filling completeness (α = 0.05). In the stereomicroscopic evaluation of the sectioned specimen, the SC group had significantly higher void occurrence than the other groups (p < 0.05), although there was no difference between groups in the μCT evaluation. However, there was no difference between the SU and WV. There was no difference between all the groups regarding the incidence, number, and completeness of the accessory canal fillings. When the premixed calcium silicate sealer is used with SC, the ultrasonic activation is recommended to obtain a better main canal filling quality. In contrast, the obturation techniques did not affect the accessory canal filling. We also recommend using the sectioning method when the void formation in the root canal filling materials is evaluated.

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Bojar, Witold, and Witold Walke. "FEM Analysis of Lower Premolar Root Canal Filling." Solid State Phenomena 183 (December 2011): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.183.17.

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Materials utilizing dentin adhesive technology were developed to provide more effective seal of a root canal. The combined use of new bondable root filling materials and self-adhesive sealers may increase the fracture resistance of filled canals. The null hypothesis of a positive influence on tooth biomechanics by a modern root canal filling material was tested in this study. In order to determine the strength characteristics of the analyzed endodontically treated human tooth the FEM (finite element method) was applied. Lower premolar was used to create a three dimensional model. Its canal was obturated using vertical compaction technique, gutta-percha and resin sealer, access opening was filled with composite resins. Strain analysis of the several elements of the tooth restoration does not allow attributing positive influence of contemporary obturating materials on mechanical properties of root canal dentin. Hypothetically, such an influence would have a filling material with comparable to dentin modulus of elasticity and flexural strength. It was also stated that loading the tooth with 250 N had an effect on increasing the tensions on the interface between filling material – sealer – canal wall. The stresses exceeded 4 MPa, reaching in extreme areas 10 MPa, what practically outweigh adhesion strength of modern root canal sealers. This phenomenon may provoke detachment of a filling from canal walls and therefore led to bacterial leakage. Results of this biomechanical analysis of the endodontically treated human premolar are valuable for a proper evaluation of mechanical properties of modern endodontic filling materials.

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Antonijevic, Djordje, Petar Milovanovic, Denis Brajkovic, Dragan Ilic, Michael Hahn, Michael Amling, Zlatko Rakocevic, Marija Djuric, and Björn Busse. "Microstructure and wettability of root canal dentine and root canal filling materials after different chemical irrigation." Applied Surface Science 355 (November 2015): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.07.023.

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Subramaniam, Priya, and Kanupriya Gilhotra. "Endoflas, Zinc Oxide Eugenol and Metapex as Root Canal Filling Materials in Primary Molars—A Comparative Clinical Study." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35, no. 4 (July 1, 2011): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.35.4.1377v06621143233.

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Several materials have been used to fill root canals of primary teeth. Traditionally, zinc oxide eugenol was used for the purpose, until the introduction of calcium hydroxide and iodoform based materials. Another root canal filling material that contains zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide and iodoform is commercially available as Endoflas. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of Endoflas, zinc oxide eugenol and Metapex as root canal filling materials. Method: A total of forty-five primary molars from children aged 5-9 years were selected for a one stage pulpectomy procedure. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups of fifteen teeth each based on the type of root canal filling material used. All the molars were evaluated clinically and radiographically at regular intervals of 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. The observations were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: Endoflas and zinc oxide eugenol showed 93.3% success, whereas a higher percentage of success was observed with Metapex (100%). Overfilling and voids were more commonly seen in teeth filled with Metapex. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the three root canal filling materials.

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Segato, Raquel Assed Bezerra, Carolina Maschietto Pucinelli, Danielly Cunha Araújo Ferreira, Andiara De Rossi Daldegan, Roberto S. da Silva, Paulo Nelson-Filho, and Léa A. B. da Silva. "Physicochemical Properties of Root Canal Filling Materials for Primary Teeth." Brazilian Dental Journal 27, no. 2 (April 2016): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201600206.

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Abstract This study evaluated physiochemical proprieties of a calcium hydroxide-based paste (Calen(r)) combined with a zinc oxide cement at different ratios (1:0.5, 1:0.65, 1:0.8 and 1:1). Materials were compared regarding setting time, pH variation, radiopacity, solubility, dimensional changes, flow and release of chemical elements. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). Longer setting time and higher dimensional changes and solubility values were exhibited by 1:0.65 and 1:0.5 ratios (p<0.05). The 1:0.5 and 1:0.65 ratios exhibited the highest pH values at all time points. All materials exhibited high radiopacity values. Significant differences were found only between 1:0.5 and 1:1 ratios for calcium and zinc release (p<0.05), whereas the amount of zirconium was similar among all groups (p>0.05). Considering the evaluated proprieties, combinations of Calen(r) paste with ZO at 1:0.5 and 1:0.65 ratios had the best results as root canal filling materials for use in primary teeth.

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Silva, Léa Assed Bezerra da, Mário Roberto Leonardo, Daniela S. B. de Oliveira, Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva, Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz, Patrícia Gatón Hernández, and Paulo Nelson-Filho. "Histopathological evaluation of root canal filling materials for primary teeth." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 1 (January 2010): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000100006.

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This study aimed to assess the response of apical and periapical tissues of dogs' teeth after root canal filling with different materials. Forty roots from dogs' premolars were prepared biomechanically and assigned to 4 groups filled with: Group I: commercial calcium hydroxide and polyethylene glycol-based paste (Calen®) thickened with zinc oxide; Group II: paste composed of iodoform, Rifocort® and camphorated paramonochlorophenol; Group III: zinc oxide-eugenol cement; Group IV: sterile saline. After 30 days, the samples were subjected to histological processing. The histopathological findings revealed that in Groups I and IV the apical and periapical regions exhibited normal appearance, with large number of fibers and cells and no resorption of mineralized tissues. In Group II, mild inflammatory infiltrate and mild edema were observed, with discrete fibrogenesis and bone resorption. Group III showed altered periapical region and thickened periodontal ligament with presence of inflammatory cells and edema. It may be concluded that the Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide yielded the best tissue response, being the most indicated material for root canal filling of primary teeth with pulp vitality.

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Queiroz, Alexandra Mussolino de, Sada Assed, Alberto Consolaro, Paulo Nelson-Filho, Mario Roberto Leonardo, Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva, and Lea Assed Bezerra Silva. "Subcutaneous connective tissue response to primary root canal filling materials." Brazilian Dental Journal 22, no. 3 (2011): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402011000300005.

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This study evaluated the response of the subcutaneous connective tissue of BALB/c mice to root filling materials indicated for primary teeth: zinc oxide/eugenol cement (ZOE), Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide (Calen/ZO) and Sealapex sealer. The mice (n=102) received polyethylene tube implants with the materials, thereby forming 11 groups, as follows: I, II, III: Calen/ZO for 7, 21 and 63 days, respectively; IV, V, VI: Sealapex for 7, 21 and 63 days, respectively; VII, VIII, IX: ZOE for 7, 21 and 63 days, respectively; X and XI: empty tube for 7 and 21 days, respectively. The biopsied tissues were submitted to histological analysis (descriptive analysis and semi-quantitative analysis using a scoring system for collagen fiber formation, tissue thickness and inflammatory infiltrate). A quantitative analysis was performed by measuring the area and thickness of the granulomatous reactionary tissue (GRT). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests (?=0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) among the materials with respect to collagen fiber formation or GRT thickness. However, Calen/ZO produced the least severe inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.05). The area of the GRT was significantly smaller (p<0.05) for Calen/ZO and Sealapex. In conclusion, Calen/ZO presented the best tissue reaction, followed by Sealapex and ZOE.

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TACHINAMI, Hideyuki, and Ichiroh KATSUUMI. "Removal of root canal filling materials using Er:YAG laser irradiation." Dental Materials Journal 29, no. 3 (2010): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2008-079.

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MASEKI, T., K. YASUMURA, I. NANBA, F. KOBAYASHI, and H. NAKAMURA. "Alterations in macrophages after exposure to root canal filling materials." Journal of Endodontics 22, no. 9 (September 1996): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(96)80075-6.

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Babakhin, A. A., A. I. Volozhin, L. N. Kazarina, O. O. Gushchina, and L. M. DuBuske. "Immunomodulating effect of dental materials employed as root canal filling." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 115, no. 2 (February 2005): S248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.1002.

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Prado, M., D. F. Assis, R. A. Simão, and B. P. F. A. Gomes. "The impact of irrigant solutions on root canal filling materials." Dental Materials 28 (January 2012): e61-e62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.141.

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Shenoy, Vanitha U., and M. V. Sumanthini. "Resilon-Epiphany Obturation System." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 1, no. 1 (2011): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcd-1-1-30.

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Abstract For over hundred years Gutta Percha (GP) has been the most common material used for the obturation of the root canal. GP was the standard with which newer materials were tested. GP fulfills all the characteristics of an ideal root canal filling material, but has a disadvantage of not being able to seal the root canal on its own and requires a sealer for providing an effective seal. In an attempt to overcome this draw back a new root canal filling material was introduced, called, Resilon which is a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material and Epiphany being the sealer. This material has the ability of forming a Monoblock with the root canal. The properties of this material has been studied, it has shown promising results and has emerged as a alternative to GP.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Root canal filling materials. eng'

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