Dissertations / Theses: 'Rooting cuttings'

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Karsen, P. A. "Rooting of buchu cuttings (Genus : Agathosma)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53578.

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Copies no. 3007841664 and 3007841665 are photocopies of the original.
Thesis (MScAgric)-- University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Buchu (Agathosma betulina and A. crenulata) are grown commercially as an aromatic crop and are endemic to the Western Cape of South Africa. Poor rooting of cuttings have limited the development of superior clones. Under standard mist bed conditions terminal, sub-terminal or basal stem cuttings were taken from March to August. When not treated with an auxin, rooting percentages of between 20 and 25 were obtained. Rooting percentages increased to between 40 and 45 after treatment with 500-1000 ppm indolebutyric acid (lBA). Substituting lBA with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not improve rooting. There was a tendency for cuttings with fewer than four leaf pairs to give lower rooting percentages. Plants of Agathosma betulina x A. crenulata, grown in Paarl, and A. betulina, grown in Piketberg, were used as source plants for making cuttings. Paarl plants were shaded with 80 percent shade and Piketberg plants with 60 or 80 percent shade respectively from February to October 2002. Plants in full sun served as a control. Plants were pruned back initially in February and then two months before samples were taken in March, June, August and October at both locations. New shoots were used as cuttings. Terminal cuttings for rooting and for carbohydrate analyses were collected on four different dates (March, June, August and October). Cuttings were treated with 500 ppm indolebuteric acid (lBA) and placed in misting beds with bottom heating (18-25°C) for a period of three months. Shading reduced rooting of cuttings from the Paarl plants. However, it did not significantly increase rooting of cuttings taken from Piketberg plants. Rooting percentage was the highest in August (43%) for cuttings from sun grown plants in Paarl. No consistent relationship between, respectively, dry mass or carbohydrate content of cuttings and rooting could be established. Terminal current years' growth, taken from Agathosma crenulata x A. betulina (hybrid) softwood cuttings, collected in January 2002, were extracted with methanol and fractioned by thin layer chromatography (Silica gel) in isopropanol: acetic acid: water (4: 1:1 v/v). The chromatographs were divided in ten fractions and were bio-assayed for a rooting co-factor with the mung bean rooting test. Extracts from buchu cuttings showed significant activity at the Rf values of co-factor 3. Co-factors 1,2 and 4 do not seem to be present in significant quantities. However, co-factors with Rf values different from previous reported values were present in significant quantities. No inhibition was found in buchu. In fact, all Rf values stimulated rooting.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Boegoe (Agathosma betulina x A. crenulata) word kommersieël verbon as 'n aromatiese gewas en is endemies tot die Wes-Kaap. Die ontwikelling van superieure klonale materiaal word beperk deur swakbeworteling. Terminale, sub-terminale en basale steggies is gesnyonder standaard misbed toestande van Maart tot Augustus. Beworteling was tussen 20 en 25 persent as geen ouksien gebruik word nie. As indolebottersuur (IBS) gebruik word tussen 500-1000 dpm, verhoog die bewortelingspersentasie tot tussen 40 en 45 persent. Die gebruik van naftaleen asynsuur (NAS) in plaas van IBS het nie beworteling verbeter nie. Daar was a tendens dat steggies wat minder as vier blaarpare gehad het 'n verlaging in bewortelingspersentasies gehad het. Plante van Paarl, A. betulina x A. crenulata, en Piketberg, A. betulina, is gebruik as plantmateriaal vir steggies. Plante in die Paarl was onder 80 persent skadu geplaas en plante in Piketberg onder 60 en 80 persent skadu van Februarie tot Oktober 2002. Plante in vol son was as 'n kontrole gebruik. Plante was eers in Februarie teruggesny en dan weer twee mande voor monsters geneem is. Die monsters is in Maart, Junie, Augustus en Oktober geneem in beide liggings. Terminale steggies is vier keer ingesamel (Maart, Junie, Augustus en Oktober) vir beworteling en koolhidraat analises. Die steggies is met 500 dpm IBS behandel. Daarna is die steggies vir drie maande in die misbed geplaas met bodem-verhitting (18- 25°C). Dit is gevind dat die gebruik van skadu die beworteling in Paarl verminder het alhoewel die beworteling in Piketberg nie beduidend beinvloed is nie. Die hoogste bewortelingspresentasies is waargeneem in Augustus (43%) in Paarl van plante wat in vol son was. Geen verband tussen onderskeidelik die droe massa of koolhidraat inhoud en beworteling kon gevind word nie. Terminale steggies van dieselfte jaar se groei van Agathosma betulina x A. crenulata (hibried) is in Januarie 2002 ingesamel. Die materiaal is geëkstraheer en gefraksioneer deur dunlaag kromatografie in isopropanol: asynsuur: water (4: 1:1 v/v). Die kromograaf is in 10 fraksies verdeel. Die fraksies was bioassaieer VIr beworteling ko-faktore met die mungboontjie bewortelingstoets. Die ekstrakte van boegoe het beduidende aktiwiteit by die Rf waardes van ko-faktor 3 getoon. Ko-faktore 1, 2 en 4 is nie in groot genoeg hoeveelhede waargeneem nie. Ko-faktore, wat nie voorheen gevind is nie, is waargeneem in beduidende hoeveelhede. Geen inhibitors is in boegoe gevind nie en al die getoetste ko-faktore het beworteling gestimuleer.

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Palzkill, D. A., and L. DePaul. "Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Mortonia scabrella." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215860.

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Mortonia scabrella can be successfully propagated by stem -tip cuttings during May to September. Better rooting seems to occur during the less stressful months of May and September than in mid-summer. A wide range of rooting response occurs between different clones; the best will root in the range of 70-80%, which should be acceptable in a commercial propagation situation. In one cycle of selection in which the best 3 out of 16 clones were selected for a repeat study, average rooting success increased from 6% to 33 %. Apparently genetic differences for rooting potential occur. Further selection from larger populations, and/or breeding for this trait should result in cutting propagation becoming relatively easy for this species.

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Newell, Christopher Jack. "In vitro soil-less (IVS) rooting medium." Newell, Christopher Jack (2006) In vitro soil-less (IVS) rooting medium. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/227/.

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The principle hypothesis of this thesis is that hypoxia, in agar-based media, compromises rooting in vitro. From a practical point of view this is important because most plant tissue culture activities require the material to be successfully acclimatised in a nursery environment. Compromised rooting often results in excessive losses at this stage which are costly and inconvenient. In addition, many plants with commercial and/or scientific interest remain unavailable as they are not able to be rooted and acclimatised reliably. The use of agar as a rooting medium has limited the capacity of plant tissue culture to clonally propagate many plants. The thesis begins by demonstrating how poorly some plants respond to agar rooting media. Juvenile Chamelaucium hybrid microcuttings were pulsed with IBA 40 mcg M and then placed for 3 weeks on either M1 (1/2 MS) or aerated in vitro soil-less substrate (IVS) (Chapter 2). IVS had 42-82% rooting at the end of Stage 3 compared with 0-1% in agar. Shoot survival for IVS-rooted microcuttings was significantly greater than M1-rooted shoots. Pulsed shoots placed in IVS showed root primordia after 7 days. In contrast, shoots placed in agar showed no root primordia after 21 days and formed callus but did not root when subsequently placed in IVS for a further 4 weeks. The agar medium almost totally and permanently inhibited the capacity of competent shoots to form root primordia and roots. The effectiveness of different types of aerated and non-aerated media, including IVS, were tested to validate the hypothesis (Chapter 3). Microcuttings from shoot cultures of two Australian plants Grevillea thelemanniana and Verticordia plumosa x Chamelaucium uncinatum were pulsed for 7 days on a high auxin (40 mcg M IBA), agar-solidified medium in the dark. Rooting of the microcuttings was then compared on five experimental substrates: a) standard agar M1 medium (1/2 MS, no hormones, 8 g agar L-1), b) porous-agar medium (1/2 MS, no hormones, 30 g agar L-1, solidified then blended to provide aeration), c) white sand wet with liquid M1, d) white sand with M1 medium containing agar, and e) IVS. A separate experiment involved flushing the IVS soil profile with low or normal oxygen. Low and variable rooting percentages were recorded on the controls on M1 medium. Root induction and average total root length per microcutting at final harvest were significantly higher using the porous media including IVS, blended agar or white sand. The M1 medium and the addition of M1 medium to sand suppressed the percentage rooting and elongation. Flushing the IVS rooting medium with low oxygen also suppressed rooting. The experiments showed that increasing the air-filled porosity of the rooting medium has a positive effect on rooting and this is most likely due to the increased oxygen at the base of the microcutting. The role of ethylene, and the sugar and nutrients in M1 were not investigated. The efficacy of the IVS protocol on a range of Australian herbaceous and woody species was investigated to determine whether the observed benefits were generic or plant specific (Chapter 4). Improved rooting in IVS compared to agar was shown for 28 Australian species and genotypes from the families Liliaceae, Haemodoraceae, Myrtaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Proteaceae, Goodeniaceae and Rutaceae. Twenty-seven of the 28 species rooted in IVS medium at equal or better rates than in M1. In three cases - Actinodium cunninghamii, one of the Pimelea physodes genotypes and one of the Eriostemon australasius genotypes - shoots did not root in M1 but showed good root development in IVS medium. With few exceptions average root length and number in microcuttings rooted in IVS was superior to those in agar medium. To further test the resilience of the hypothesis, it was tested on nodal microcuttings of lentil which are recalcitrant to root in vitro (Chapter 5). The veracity of a published conclusion that inverted lentil microcuttings (with their base in the air) root better because of their altered polarity was also examined. It was found that, as is the case for many species, roots initiated and grew only at the proximal end of the microcutting regardless of its orientation. When the proximal end was in agar (a hypoxic environment) the rooting percentage was low (9-25%) even when the orientation of the microcutting was altered by inverting the culture tube. In contrast, when the proximal end of the microcutting was in an aerobic environment (from the shoot being placed upside down in agar medium or placed normally or upside down in an aerated medium) rooting percentages were higher (62-100%). Given that Stage 2 microcuttings are prepared with the objective to root and acclimatise them to nursery conditions, the duration of this activity becomes important as it can impact on plant quality and costs. The pulsing protocol and the length of time that Stage 3 cultures remain in the culture room during the rooting phase is a component of the unit cost of production of each rooted microcutting. Initially a 7-day IBA pulse was used after which the pulsed microcuttings were transferred to IVS to root. Chapter 6 shows that the pulsing period can be shortened to one day or replaced with a single auxin dip while still achieving high rooting percentages and maintaining plant quality. These materials handling improvements go some way to realising the logistical benefits of ex vitro rooting but without compromising the positive influences of hygiene and a stable environment of the in vitro environment.

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Laubscher, Charles Petrus. "Rooting techniques for selected tree species." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/846.

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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1999
Vegetative propagation techniques for rooting of cuttings of indigenous tree species, i.e. Olea europaea subsp. African, Podocarpus falcatus, Syzigium cordatum and introduced species, i.e. Acacia mearnsii, A. melanoxylon, Eucalyptus grandis and Melia azedarach were studied and improved at the Cape Technikon nursery from May 1994 to June 1998. These tree species are considered problematic since the indigenous species produce unwanted fruits in urban areas which attract frugivores, while the introduced species are a threat to indigenous vegetation and natural habitats, though they are of great commercial value. The progress in mutation breeding of sexual sterility in most of the problematic species created a need to propagate them vegetatively. Without cloning of seedless species, their beauty and economic value to South Africa will be lost, as the indigenous species will be neglected, while invasive species will continue to threaten the natural habitat of indigenous species. Experiments were conducted to test age, type and length of cuttings, environmental factors, growth season, hormone application, various treatments and rooting media for each of these species. This study showed that relatively few publications relevant to the vegetative propagation of indigenous tree species are available. However, some introduced species, e.g. Eucalyptus grandis, are propagated successfully for commercial forestry purposes. Ficus sur and Syzicium cordatum showed the highest rooting success, i.e. 85-90%, followed by Olea europaea subsp. africana (75-80%), and Podocarpus falcatus (60%). The introduced species showed no rooting success, however, callusing in Eucalyptus grandis (35-61%), and Melia azedarach (50%), and survival rates in Acacia mearnsii (10%) and A. melanoxylon (20%) were achieved. Treatments, i.e. etiolation, placing plants under stress, sealing basal stems of cuttings, and fungicide treatments all showed positive results in promoting callusing success. The study showed that rooting success in individual species are directly related to the growth stage of parent plants as well as the season during which the cuttings were taken. With progress towards successful vegetative propagation of sterile problem plant species, propagators and horticulturists can in future apply these improved techniques. These plants will then continue to supply timber, fire wood and improve aesthetics in the South African urban environment.

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Mujib, Malip. "Influence of xylem blockage on rooting of cuttings of Triplochiton scleroxylon." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334827.

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Marreiros, Erivan de Oliveira. "Influence of Substrates on Rooting of Cuttings and Productivity of Rose Plants." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15391.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
The rose is the flower most traded in the world, and CearÃ has been outstanding in their production in greenhouses. However, virtually all the production techniques employed by growers are based only on field observations, without any scientific basis. The objective of this study was evaluate the influence of substrate and added with nutrient solution in the rooting of cuttings roses, variety Carola, propagated in plastic trays by the method of cutting (or striking), and evaluate their productivity in greenhouses. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of SÃo Benedito - CE, in the company CeaRosa Com Exp Imp. e Prod. Flowers Ltda. in its early seedling production, and in the TecFlores - School of Floriculture of the State Government of CearÃ in its early planting in the greenhouse. Were also evaluated six substrates (100% sand, 100% dry coconut fiber, 50% sand + 50% dry coconut fiber, 75% dry coconut fiber + 25% sand, 25% dry coconut fiber + 75% sand and 25% husk rice + 75% dry coconut fiber). The experimental design was factorial analysis with two factors, and the parameters evaluated were added with nutrient solution and the six substrates. At the stage of seedling production was evaluated the percentage of catches of seedlings, root length, seedling dry weight and content of macro and micronutrients present in seedlings. In the production phase and development in the greenhouse, were assessed the number of sprouts emitted by plants and the levels of macro and micronutrients of the leaf tissue of plants. The added with nutrient solution was not affect the percentage of catches of the seedlings, regardless of the substrate, but was affect the root length and dry weight of seedlings. The productivity of the rose plants was not affected by the substrate or by added with nutrient solution during the rooting process.
A rosa Ã a flor mais comercializada no mundo, e o CearÃ vem se destacando na sua produÃÃo em estufas. No entanto, praticamente todas as tÃcnicas de produÃÃo empregadas pelos produtores baseiam-se apenas em observaÃÃes de campo, sem qualquer embasamento cientÃfico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influÃncia de diferentes substratos e do enriquecimento destes atravÃs de imersÃo em soluÃÃo nutritiva no enraizamento de mudas de roseira, variedade Carola, propagadas em bandejas plÃsticas pelo mÃtodo de estaquia, bem como avaliar sua produtividade sob cultivo protegido. O experimento foi conduzido no municÃpio de SÃo Benedito â CE, na empresa CeaRosa Com. Exp. Imp. e Prod. de Flores Ltda em sua fase de produÃÃo de mudas, e no TecFlores â Escola de Floricultura do Governo do Estado do CearÃ em sua fase de plantio em casa de vegetaÃÃo. Foram testados seis substratos (100% areia, 100% pÃ de coco seco, 50% areia + 50% pÃ de coco seco, 75% pÃ de coco seco + 25% areia, 25% pÃ de coco seco + 75% areia e 25% casca de arroz + 75% pÃ de coco seco). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi anÃlise fatorial com dois fatores, onde foram avaliados os parÃmetros enriquecimento e os seis substratos. Na fase de produÃÃo de mudas, foram avaliados a percentagem de pega das mudas, o comprimento de raÃzes, a massa seca das mudas e o teor de macro e micronutrientes presentes nas mudas. Na fase de produÃÃo e desenvolvimento em casa de vegetaÃÃo, foram avaliados o nÃmero de brotaÃÃes emitidos pelas plantas e os teores de macro e micronutrientes do tecido foliar das plantas. O enriquecimento da soluÃÃo nÃo afetou a percentagem de pega das mudas, independentemente do substrato utilizado, mas afetou o comprimento de raÃzes e a massa seca das mudas. A produtividade da roseira nÃo foi afetada pelo substrato e nem pelo enriquecimento deste durante o processo de enraizamento.

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Rapaka, Vijaya Kumar. "Rooting capacity of Pelargonium cuttings with special regard to carbohydrate availability and photosynthetic performance." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972131469.

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Mutui, Theophilus Mwendwa. "Physiological and molecular effects of thidiazuron and ethylene on leaf yellowing and rooting of pelargonium (Pelargonium zonale hybrids) cuttings." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=977281027.

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Yates, David Ira. "Latex of Sciadopitys verticillata (Thunb.) Siebold and Zuccarini: Antibiotic Properties, Phytochemistry, and Inhibition of Adventitious Rooting of Stem Cuttings." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2228.

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Sciadopitys verticillata was subjected to three propagation treatments designed to inhibit coagulation of its latex-like sap at the cut ends of the stem cuttings. Twenty-four hour soaking in water prior to rooting hormone application significantly enhanced production of adventitious roots. Old wood stem cuttings from shade-grown trees rooted at higher proportions than stem cuttings collected from sun-grown trees. Height, age, and place of origin of the source trees were not important factors in successful rooting. Antibacterial activity against some human pathogens and soil bacterial species was detected in latex application trials but the antibiotic activity was not related to the bacterial Gram reaction. The latex-like sap inhibited none of four plant pathogens tested. A suspension of the water insoluble latex-like sap of S. verticillata had a pH of 5.8. Antibacterial activity of S. verticillata sap was heat stable, which indicates the activity was not protein-based.

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Freire, Robson Rangel. "Diagnóstico da produção de mudas em viveiros registrados e propagação vegetativa da pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) no Norte do Espírito Santo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5600.

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The cultivation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) for commercial purposes, in the State of Espírito Santo, began in the 70s, being the cv. Bragantina currently the most representative among crops in this State. The urge to keep its status in the cultivation of this specific kind of spice demands, urgently, further studies and therefore, thorough research using appropriate technologies for the region. In this sense the quality of mother plants begins with the production of seedlings of excellence. Despite the experience of the greenhouse workers in the region to produce nursery plants by cuttings, the steps in this process should be thoroughly inspected to ensure maximum efficiency. The study aimed to investigate the system of production of black pepper cuttings, including the efficiency of substrates used in the nurseries. It was requested to the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) the location of nurseries in accordance with applicable law and based on the information provided technical visits were made to 11 nurseries, recorded through a questionnaire. Samples of the substrates used in the production of seedlings were collected. The responses from the questionnaires were tabulated and converted into graphs of relative frequency for better contextualization of the situation, and the substrates were used to assemble a factorial experiment 11 (substrates) x 2 (presence or absence of 3-butyric acid (IBA)) aiming to evaluate the rooting of black pepper grow Bragantina conducted in randomized block design with four replications of 16 cuttings in a greenhouse located in the Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, in São Mateus-ES. It was found that there is no uniformity in seedling production, in the nurseries infrastructure nor the techniques used. The differences are related to the origin of the parental plants, plant propagation, and management for seedling growth, ensuring, through analysis, the difference in chemical composition, physical and biological substrates of, mainly influenced by the diversity of the source of organic matter and the use or not of lime and fertilizers. It was concluded that, despite all the nurseries are registered at the Registro Nacional de Sementes e Mudas (RENASEM) and comply with the legal requirements in force, we still need to research and study the differences so that the production of black pepper cuttings can exceed its excellence in results. The quality of the rooting of black pepper on the substrates used by nurserymen, was statistically analyzed by multiple comparisons (Tukey or Scott-Knott in 5% level of probability), and it was found significant increase in the percentage of rooting with the use of IBA and also a reasonable difference in the quality of the rooting between substrates
O cultivo da pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) para fins comerciais, no Espírito Santo, iniciou-se na década de 70, sendo hoje a cv. Bragantina a mais representativa nas lavouras capixabas. A pipericultura no Espirito Santo necessita urgente de estudos e pesquisas para continuar a ser destaque de produtividade, com tecnologias apropriadas para a região. Neste sentido a qualidade das plantas matrizes inicia-se com a produção de mudas de excelência. Apesar da experiência dos viveiristas da região em produzirem mudas por estaquia, as etapas deste processo devem ser muito bem inspecionadas para garantir o máximo de eficiência. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar o sistema de produção de mudas de pimenteira-do-reino e a qualidade dos substratos utilizados nos viveiros. Foi solicitado ao Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) a localização de viveiros em conformidade com a legislação pertinente, e mediante as informações prestadas foram realizadas visitas técnicas a 11 viveiros, registradas por meio de um questionário. Coletaram-se amostras dos substratos utilizados na produção de mudas. As respostas dos questionários foram tabeladas e transformadas em gráficos de frequência relativa para melhor contextualização da situação. Os mesmos substratos foram utilizados para montar um experimento fatorial 11 (substratos) x 2 (presença e ausência de ácido-3-indolbutírico (AIB), visando avaliar o enraizamento de estacas de pimenteira-do-reino cv. Bragantina, que foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições de 16 estacas, na casa de vegetação localizada no Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, no município de São Mateus-ES. Constatou-se que não existe uniformidade na produção de mudas, na infraestrutura dos viveiros e nas técnicas utilizadas. As diferenças estão relacionadas à origem das plantas matrizes, ao material propagativo, e ao manejo durante o crescimento das mudas, ficando confirmada pelas análises, diferenças na composição química, física e biológica dos substratos, influenciadas, principalmente, pela diversidade da fonte de matéria orgânica e a utilização ou não de corretivos e adubações. Conclui-se que, apesar de todos os viveiros serem registrados no Registro Nacional de Sementes e Mudas (RENASEM) e estarem em conformidade com as exigências legais em vigência, ainda é necessário pesquisar e estudar as divergências para que a produção de mudas de pimenteira-do-reino possa alcançar a excelência nos resultados. A qualidade do enraizamento de estacas de pimenteira-do-reino nos substratos utilizados pelos viveiristas, foi analisada estatisticamente por testes de médias (Tukey ou Scott-Knott em nível de 5% de probabilidade), e constatou-se aumento significativo na porcentagem de enraizamento com a aplicação de ácido indolbutírico, e diferença significativa na qualidade do enraizamento entre os substratos

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Mutui, Theophilus M. [Verfasser]. "Physiological and Molecular effects of Thidiazuron and Ethylene on Leaf Yellowing and Rooting of Pelargonium (Pelargonium zonale hybrids) Cuttings / Theophilus M Mutui." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1186589841/34.

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Leite, José Basílio Vieira. "Cacaueiro : propagação por estacas caulinares e plantio no semi-árido do Estado da Bahia /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105174.

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Orientador: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins
Banca: Carlos Ruggiero
Banca: João Carlos de Oliveira
Banca: João Alexio Scarpare Filho
Banca: Celio Kersul do Sacramento
Resumo: Foram estudadas a propagação de estacas caulinares de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) e o plantio de cacaueiro no semi-árido do estado da Bahia. Os resultados permitiram concluir que há interação entre clone e época de coleta de estaca, sendo janeiro e fevereiro os melhores meses. O plantio foi realizado em março de 2003, sob sombreamento provisório de bananeira, da variedade prata anã nos mesmos espaçamentos utilizados para o cacaueiro. Foi realizada irrigação por gotejamento e fertirrigação. As demais técnicas de manejo foram adaptadas levando em consideração as características edafoclimáticas da região. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada três meses, considerando as variáveis: altura e diâmetro das plantas, taxa de crescimento, floração, lançamentos foliares e frutificação. Dos resultados encontrados destacam-se o crescimento, vigor e início da frutificação com 1,5 ano, produção de 90 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1 aos 21 meses, com destaque para o clone PH 16 com 110 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1. A floração ocorreu de forma "gregária" em períodos trimestrais. Não foi observado efeito negativo da umidade relativa do ar e da temperatura no crescimento, polinização e frutificação do cacaueiro.
Abstract: Propagation of rooted cutting of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and planting in the semi-arid of the state of Bahia were studied. The results permit to conclude that there is an interaction between clones and cuttings harvest period, being January and February the best months. Planting was done on March 2003 under temporary shade of prata anã (dwarf silver) banana variety at the same planting spacing used with cocoa. Water was provided by a drip irrigation system and nutrients by fertirrigation. The other management practices were adapted considering the region edaphoclimatic conditions. The evaluations were quarterly measuring: plant height and diameter, flowering, flushing and fruiting. Of the found results is worth noting the growth, vigor, average production of 90 kg ha-1 of dry beans at 21 months, with remark to PH 16 with 110 kg ha-1 of dry beans. Flowering occurred in a "gregarious" form in quarterly periods. It was not observed negative effects of air relative humidity and temperature on growth, pollination and fruiting of the cocoa plant.
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Wu, How-Chiun. "Improving in vitro propagation of Protea cynaroides L. (King Protea) and the roles of starch and phenolic compounds in the rooting of cuttings." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-090525.

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Brock, Justin Alan. "Rooting stem cuttings of shantung maple (Acer truncatum), mound layering shantung and caddo sugar maples (Acer saccharum), and using Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) as a substrate component in stem cutting propagation." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17575.

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Master of Science
Department of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources
Jason J. Griffin
Heat and drought tolerance make shantung maple (Acer truncatum) and caddo sugar maple (A. saccharum) good candidates for midwestern landscapes. Improving cutting propagation or mound layering techniques could increase the availability of these species. The influence of time of year, cutting position, and auxin concentration, formulation, and solvent on rooting of stem cuttings of shantung maple was investigated. Semi-hardwood cuttings rooted best (55%). Generally, rooting percentage decreased as indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration increased. Cutting position, auxin formulation, and solvent did not affect rooting. Mean root number and mean root length were unaffected by treatments. Results suggest semi-hardwood cuttings and low IBA concentrations [< 2500 ppm (0.25%)] promote rooting. Auxin concentration influenced rooting of caddo and shantung maple mound layered shoots. Rooting peaked at 15,000 ppm (1.5%) IBA for both caddo (71%) and shantung maples (34%). Mean root number for caddo, but not shantung, increased as IBA concentration increased. Differences in mean root length were not significant. Growers may now propagate caddo maple by mound layering. For shantung maple propagation, stem cuttings are recommended. Propagation substrates can strongly influence rooting success of stem cuttings. Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) chips (ERC) have been suggested as a propagation substrate component. This report investigated ERC as a perlite substitute in a 3 perlite: 1 sphagnum peat moss (v/v) rooting substrate. Stem cuttings of spreading euonymus (Euonymus kiautschovicus), forsythia (Forsythia x intermedia), English ivy (Hedera helix), lantana (Lantana camara), and coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides) were rooted in substrates containing increasing concentrations of ERC hammer milled to pass a 4.8 mm (0.19 in) screen. All species rooted well (≥95%) in all substrates except forsythia which rooted poorly in all substrates (8% to 36%). ERC did not affect mean root number or mean root length in any species except spreading euonymus where mean root number peaked at 0% and 100% ERC content and mean root length decreased with increasing ERC content. Bulk density, container capacity, and total porosity increased as ERC replaced perlite. Physical properties of all substrates were suitable for cutting propagation. ERC can effectively replace perlite in rooting substrates for many ornamental species.

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Antonelli, Priscilla de Oliveira. "Estaquia de matrizes adultas de Pinus elliottii var. elliottii e Pinus elliottii x Pinus caribaea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-11092013-173126/.

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O Pinus elliotti representa o principal produtor atual de exploração de resina no setor florestal brasileiro. Recentemente, plantios de P. elliottii X P. caribaea vêm se destacando, principalmente, pela sua maior produtividade em biomassa. Além disto, a resina do híbrido apresenta características químicas semelhantes aos seus parentais. Porém, poucas são as informações quanto a estaquia de espécies do gênero Pinus, e se focarmos na propagação de árvores adultas, tal carência é ainda maior, principalmente ao se considerar a dificuldade de rejuvenescimento/revigoramento do material genético. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar o enraizamento adventício do P. elliottii var. elliottii e P. elliottii X P. caribaea adultos. Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em três diferentes estudos. O primeiro (Capítulo 2) avaliou o enraizamento adventício de estacas das matrizes adultas de P. elliottii e P. elliottii X P. caribaea no 5° estágio de enxertia seriada com e sem podas sucessivas, sob ação do AIB, talco com fungicida Cerconil® e terebentina. O segundo (Capítulo 3) foi baseado na avaliação do enraizamento adventício de estacas no 2° estágio de enxertia seriada de uma matriz adulta de P. elliottii var. elliottii submetida a um ano de podas sucessivas, sob ação do AIB, terebentina e paclobutrazol. Por sua vez, o terceiro estudo (Capítulo 4) consistiu na avaliação do enraizamento adventício de braquiblastos e brotos de duas matrizes adulta de P. elliottii e P. elliottii X Pinus caribaea, sob ação do AIB e paclobutrazol. Os resultados permitiram inferir que a sobrevivência e o enraizamento adventício aos diferentes tratamentos variaram de acordo com o genótipo e com as características morfológicas das estacas (grau de lignificação e tipo de estacas, brotos e braquiblastos). De maneira geral, os resultados evidenciaram a atuação das enxertias seriadas e das podas sucessivas na restauração da competência rizogênica das estacas dos brotos das matrizes adultas de P. elliottii e P. elliottii X P. caribaea, promovido pelo rejuvenescimento/ revigoramento parcial das matrizes. Além disto, a estaquia de braquiblastos mostrou ser uma ferramenta promissora para a propagação de espécies do gênero Pinus.
Pinus elliottii is the main current resin extraction producer in the Brazilian forest sector. Recently, plantations of P. elliottii X P. caribaea play a great importance in the production systems mainly by its high biomass productivity. In addition, the hybrid resin has chemical characteristics similar to their parents. However, there is little information on obtaining clones, and considering the propagation of mature trees, this lack of information is even greater, mainly concerning the difficulty to achieve the rejuvenation/ reinvigoration of the genetic material. Based on theses information, the present work was aimed to evaluate the adventitious rooting of mature P. elliottii var. elliottii and P. elliottii X P. caribaea cuttings. Therefore, the work was divided into three basic studies. The first study (Chapter 2) was based on the evaluation of adventitious rooting of mature P. elliottii and P. elliottii X caribaea cuttings of grafts up five sequential grafting with and without pruning, under the action of AIB, talc with fungicide and turpentine. The second (Chapter 3) was based on the evaluation of adventitious rooting of mature P. elliottii cuttings of grafts up two sequential grafting with pruning, under the action of IBA, paclobutrazol and turpentine. The third (Chapter 4) evaluated the adventitious rooting of brachyblast and shoots of mature P. elliottii and P. elliottii X caribaea cuttings, under the action of IBA and paclobutrazol. Results showed that the cutting survival and root growth, under the action of different treatments, varied according to the genotype and morphological characteristics of the material (cutting lignifications and type, brachyblast or shoot). Overall, our results showed the performance of serial grafting and pruning on the restoration of rooting competence in P. elliottii and P. elliottii X P. caribaea stem cuttings, promoted by the rejuvenation of trees. Moreover, the cutting of brachyblast can be a promising tool for the propagation of Pinus species.

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Leite, José Basílio Vieira [UNESP]. "Cacaueiro: propagação por estacas caulinares e plantio no semi-árido do Estado da Bahia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105174.

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Ceplac
Foram estudadas a propagação de estacas caulinares de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) e o plantio de cacaueiro no semi-árido do estado da Bahia. Os resultados permitiram concluir que há interação entre clone e época de coleta de estaca, sendo janeiro e fevereiro os melhores meses. O plantio foi realizado em março de 2003, sob sombreamento provisório de bananeira, da variedade prata anã nos mesmos espaçamentos utilizados para o cacaueiro. Foi realizada irrigação por gotejamento e fertirrigação. As demais técnicas de manejo foram adaptadas levando em consideração as características edafoclimáticas da região. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada três meses, considerando as variáveis: altura e diâmetro das plantas, taxa de crescimento, floração, lançamentos foliares e frutificação. Dos resultados encontrados destacam-se o crescimento, vigor e início da frutificação com 1,5 ano, produção de 90 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1 aos 21 meses, com destaque para o clone PH 16 com 110 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1. A floração ocorreu de forma gregária em períodos trimestrais. Não foi observado efeito negativo da umidade relativa do ar e da temperatura no crescimento, polinização e frutificação do cacaueiro.
Propagation of rooted cutting of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and planting in the semi-arid of the state of Bahia were studied. The results permit to conclude that there is an interaction between clones and cuttings harvest period, being January and February the best months. Planting was done on March 2003 under temporary shade of prata anã (dwarf silver) banana variety at the same planting spacing used with cocoa. Water was provided by a drip irrigation system and nutrients by fertirrigation. The other management practices were adapted considering the region edaphoclimatic conditions. The evaluations were quarterly measuring: plant height and diameter, flowering, flushing and fruiting. Of the found results is worth noting the growth, vigor, average production of 90 kg ha-1 of dry beans at 21 months, with remark to PH 16 with 110 kg ha-1 of dry beans. Flowering occurred in a gregarious form in quarterly periods. It was not observed negative effects of air relative humidity and temperature on growth, pollination and fruiting of the cocoa plant.

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Quadros, Kenia Michele de. "PROPAGAÇÃO VEGETATIVA DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire Aquifoliaceae)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8645.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) has an economical and environmental importance to the southern area of Brazil. However, there is no enough technologies of vegetative propagation, which are important to improve yield and quality. This study had as objectives to evaluate the propagation of erva-mate trees trough cuttings and to establish an ex vitro acclimatization and micro-cutting rooting protocols from embryo cultures. Vegetative propagation potential was evaluated considering shading intensity of the stock plant and origin and size of the cuttings. Cuttings were grabbed from stock plants growing under light or shade conditions and prepared in two types (one-bud and regular types). The evaluations were the percentage of lived and died cuttings, cuttings unchanged, shoot and callus growth, shoot length, rooting, leaf survival, number and length of roots and number and length of leaves in new shoots. For acclimatization and ex vitro rooting were evaluated five concentrations of indol butyric acid (IBA) (0; 250; 500; 1,000 and 2,000 ppm) and five substrates (vermiculite, sand, carbonized rice hull, commercial substrate of pinus bark, and coconut bark). The evaluations were the percentage of cuttings unchanged, callus formation, rooting and mortality, number and length of roots, micro-cutting length, fresh weight of roots, and number of leaves in new shoots. The highest cutting unchanged was gotten with cuttings from plants growing in light. Callus formation, presence of leaves and new shoot growth affected rooting. Cuttings collected from vegetative propagated plants showed higher percentage of rooting and root length. The highest rooting percentage and micro-cutting growth were found with 1,000 ppm of IBA during acclimatization period. Acclimatization and ex vitro rooting of erva-mate micro-cuttings can be done in the substrate of carbonized rice hull and commercial substrate of pinus bark.
A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) assume uma importância ambiental e socioeconômica para a região sul do Brasil, porém carece de tecnologias de propagação vegetativa necessárias para o aumento da produção e da qualidade. O presente estudo teve por objetivos analisar a propagação via estaquia de material adulto e estabelecer a aclimatização ex vitro e o enraizamento de microestacas originadas de cultivo de embriões de erva-mate. Para a estaquia, analisaram-se o efeito do nível de sombreamento da planta matriz, a origem e o tamanho da estaca, avaliando o potencial de propagação vegetativa. As estacas foram coletadas de plantas matrizes de dois níveis de sombreamento (crescimento a pleno sol e sombreado), de duas origens (seminal e propagada vegetativamente) e de dois tipos (estaca convencional e de gema única). Os parâmetros utilizados para avaliar as estacas foram a porcentagem de estacas vivas e mortas, de estacas inalteradas, emissão e comprimento de brotos, formação de calos, enraizamento, permanência das folhas primárias, número e comprimento de raízes e número e comprimento de folhas dos brotos. Na aclimatização e enraizamento ex vitro de erva-mate foram testadas cinco concentrações de ácido indol butírico (AIB) (0, 250, 500, 1.000 e 2.000 ppm), e cinco tipos de substratos (vermiculita, areia, casca de arroz carbonizada, substrato comercial a base de casca de pinus e casca de coco), visando o enraizamento de microestacas. As microestacas foram avaliadas quanto a porcentagem de estacas inalteradas, de formação de calos, de enraizamento e de mortalidade, número de raízes, comprimento de raízes, tamanho total da microestaca, biomassa radicular e número de folhas dos brotos. Estaca coletada de planta matriz em pleno sol apresentou maiores porcentagens de estacas inalteradas. A presença de calo, das folhas primárias e a emissão de brotos afetaram o enraizamento. Estacas coletadas de matrizes propagadas vegetativamente apresentam maior taxa de enraizamento e comprimento de raízes. Na microestaquia, a concentração de 1.000 ppm de AIB foi eficiente para o enraizamento e crescimento de microestacas na aclimatização. Microestacas de erva-mate podem ser aclimatizadas e enraizadas ex vitro em substrato de casca de arroz carbonizada e em substrato comercial a base de casca de pinus.

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Fonseca, Fernanda Karina Pereira da. "Produção de mudas de bambu Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Poaceae) por propagação vegetativa." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2007. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/198.

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The bamboo is a tropical, renewable, perennial culture of fast growth and with several uses. However, its use and research is moistly restricted to Asian countries. In Brazil the demand for bamboo has increased in the last years. From November 2005 to September 2006, experiments were carried out with the objective to evaluate the ability of Guadua angustifolia to produce new plants from cuttings of secondary branches and clump division of two years seedlings. There were evaluated the sprouting and rooting capacity of cuttings with 1, 2 or 3 nodes that had been collected from secondary branches of the apical, middle or basal parts of the bamboo plants. It was also evaluated the effect of 0,500,1000 and 1500 mg. Kg -1 de AIB applied on the cuttings planted in sand, coconut fiber or a compost formed by sand + coconut fiber + soil (1:1:1). The multiplication rate of the shoots was not influenced by the cuttings planting position, the presence of leaves or cuttings density on the planting trays. The horizontal position of the planting cuttings increased the shoot and root length. Cuttings of 2 and 3 nodes collected from the basal and middle parts of the bamboo presented greater capacity of shooting and rooting growth. The concentrations of AIB and planting bed material did not influenced the development of roots and shoots in the cuttings.
Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
O bambu é uma cultura predominantemente tropical, renovável, perene, de rápido crescimento e com vários usos. Porém, a sua utilização e pesquisa ainda são restritas aos países orientais. No Brasil tem aumentado a demanda por matéria prima e por pesquisas sobre bambus. No período de novembro de 2005 a setembro de 2006, foram instalados experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de formação de mudas de bambu Guadua angustifolia pelos métodos de estaquia de ramos secundários e de desmembramento de mudas de dois anos. Nestes experimentos foram avaliadas a capacidade de multiplicação de estacas enraizadas das mudas desmembradas e a capacidade de enraizamento e formação de brotos em estacas de 1, 2 e 3 nós, retiradas de ramos secundários das partes basal, mediana e apical das plantas de bambu. Na estaquia também foi analisado o efeito das concentrações 0,500, 1000 e 1500 mg.Kg-1 de AIB e dos substratos areia lavada, fibra de coco e a mistura de areia lavada + fibra de coco + terra (na proporção de 1:1:1). A multiplicação de brotos pelo desmembramento de mudas não foi influenciada pela posição do plantio, presença de folhas e densidade de hastes; o plantio de hastes na posição horizontal aumentou o comprimento dos brotos e de suas raízes. Estacas de 2 e 3 nós retiradas das partes basal e mediana da planta presentaram maior capacidade de formação e crescimento de brotos e raízes. As concentrações de AIB e os substratos não influenciaram o desenvolvimento de raízes e brotações nas estacas.

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Bezerra, Marcelo Rondon [UNESP]. "Enxertia de mesa, estaquia e fenologia do caquizeiro em regiões tropicais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98841.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Embora a quase totalidade da produção nacional de caqui (Diospyros kaki L.) seja destinada ao mercado interno, o Brasil vem se consolidando nos últimos anos como país exportador dessa fruta para países dos continentes americano e europeu. Por essa razão, o cultivo dessa fruteira vem se constituindo numa importante atividade agrícola para pequenos produtores no Brasil. A obtenção de mudas de boa qualidade para a implantação de pomares constitui-se em sério problema para os fruticultores que pretendem cultivar o caquizeiro, métodos alternativos para a produção de mudas, amenizariam essa dificuldade. Em função disso o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a porcentagem de pegamento da enxertia de mesa em estacas lenhosas oriundas das brotações do porta-enxerto, a capacidade de enraizamento de estacas lenhosas e herbáceas de caquizeiro oriundas de brotações da copa e do porta-enxerto, ambos da cultivar Rama-Forte, determinar a concentração mais adequada de indolbutírico (AIB) e ainda avaliar a fenologia de dez variedades de caquizeiro (Pomelo, Rubi, Fuyuhana, Rama Forte, Taubaté, Giombo, Suruga, Toote, Fuyu, e Jiro), selecionar aquelas que apresentem melhores características agronômicas e que sejam adaptadas às regiões de clima tropical. O trabalho foi conduzido no período de 16 de março de 2006 a 29 de maio de 2007 na área experimental da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria - MS. Para a enxertia de mesa foram utilizadas 120 estacas lenhosas oriundas do porta-enxerto onde foi realizada a enxertia por garfagem tipo fenda cheia e divididos em quatro tratamentos com três repetições de 10 estacas, sendo três concentrações de AIB (1500, 2500 e 3500 mgL-1) e a testemunha (sem aplicação de AIB), imergindo-se 5cm da base por cinco minutos na solução...
Although almost the totality of the national production of Kaki (Diospyros kaki L.) either destined to the domestic market, Brazil comes if consolidating in the last years as exporting country of this fruit for countries of the American and European continent. Therefore, the culture of this fruit comes if constituting in an important agricultural activity for small producers in Brazil. The attainment of props of good quality for the implantation of orchards consists in serious problem for the producers of fruits that they intend to cultivate the Japanese Persimmon Tree. The present work objectified to evaluate the percentage of the bench graft in deriving rootstocks props, the shoots of the rootstocks, the capacity of grafting of deriving rootstocks and herbaceous props of Japanese Persimmon Tree of shoots of the pantry and the rootstocks, both of cultivating Rama Forte, to determinate the indolbutiric concentration most adequate (IBA) and still the phenology of ten varieties of Japanese Persimmon Tree (Pomelo, Ruby, Fuyuhana, Rama Forte, Taubaté, Giombo, Suruga, Toote, Fuyu, and Jiro), to select those that present good characteristics and that the regions of tropical climate are adapted. The work was lead of day 16 of March of 2006 until day 29 of May of 2007 in the experimental area of the Farm of Education, Research and Extension of the São Paulo State University - Campus of Ilha Solteira, located in the city of Selvíria-MS. In the bench graft 120 deriving rootstocks props of the rootstocks had been used where type full crack and divided in four treatments with three repetitions of 10 props was carried through by full crack, being three concentrations of IBA (1500, 2500 and 3500 mgL-1) and the witness (without IBA application), immerging 5cm of the base per five minutes into the solution...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Frassetto, Eduardo Garcia. "Enraizamento adventício de estacas de Sebastiania schottiana Müll. Arg." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3708.

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The aim of this work was to verify the cuttings rooting potential of Sebastiana schottiana as mechanism of vegetative propagation. Cuttings were collected next to the edges of Soturno River, Faxinal de Soturno County, situated in the regions of Plateaus and central depression of the Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil. Plants donors of cuttings were 5 years of age old approximately. In the work were subdivided in of 4 tests. In experiment 1, cuttings were cut and classified in accordance with the position in apex, medium and basal portions, with 30 cm of length. Monthly collections of the material by a period of 12 months were made, being the cuttings placed in containers with water and 15 cm of cutting submerged. The percentage of rooting, number and length of roots, number and length of shoots were evaluated after 60 days. In experiment 2, basal, medium and apex cuttings collected in the month of September of 2005 were absorbed in solution of Orgasol®FTS in the dosages of 0; 5; 10 and 15 mL.L-1 during 1 minute and submerged 15 cm of cutting, in containers with sand of medium granulation. The rooting percentage, dry weight of roots and shoots, length and diameter of longer root were evaluated after 75 days. In experiment 3, collected basal and medium cuttings in the month of April of 2006 were absorbed in solution of 15 mL.L-1 Orgasol® FTS during 0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes and placed in plastic bags to a depth of 15 cm, having sand of medium granulation. The rooting percentage, dry weight of roots and shoots, number of longer and smaller root than 3 cm of length, length and diameter of the longer root were evaluated after 150 days. In experiment 4, two tests were carried out: (a) Cuttings removed from shoots with 15 cm of length were classified in basal or apical position. Cuttings were immerged in IBA solution (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg.L-1) for 1 minute and placed in Plantmax® for 60 days in a Greenhouse. The rooting percentage, dry weight of roots and shoots, number of roots and shoots and the length of roots and shoots were evaluated, (b) Basal cuttings were disinfested and immersed during 24 hours in IBA soluction (0; 0.1; 1; 2; 4 and 8 mg.L-1) and placed in glass bottles with solution of ¼ of WPM medium for a period of 30 days in climatized room. In experiment 1, the basal cuttings (88%), medium (56%) and apex (25%) collected in the May month presented better rooting. The basal cuttings had showed greater number and length of roots and shoots during the 12 months of evaluation. In experiment 2, the dosage of 5 mL.L-1 did not stimulate the rooting, whereas the dosages of 10 and 15 mL.L- 1 caused an increase in the rooting of 18% until reaching in the dosage of 15 mL.L-1, 28%. All tested dosages, basal cuttings (26.25%) presented greater rooting than medium (20,83) and the apex (18.33%). In experiment 3, the increase of immersion time of the cuttings in solution of 15 mL.L-1 Orgasol®FTS, stimulated an increment in the rooting at basal cuttings of 25% for 36% and in the medium cuttings of 29% for 46%, as well as in the dry weight of roots and shoots and in the number of roots longer than 3 cm. In the experiment 4A, the basal cuttings presented greater rooting in the concentration of 4 mg.L-1 IBA (20.83%) and the apex cuttings in the 2 mg.L-1 IBA (12.35%). In the experiment 4B the better rooting of cuttings was in solution of 8 mg.L-1 IBA (18.75%). Transversal and longitudinal cuts of the rooting cuttings removed from shoots in experiment 4 were done. The adventitious roots of the cuttings originated to the xilematic vases, arround to pericycle cels.
No presente trabalho estudou-se o potencial de enraizamento de estacas de S. schottiana como mecanismo de reprodução vegetativa. O material vegetal foi coletado em matrizes com aproximadamente 5 anos de idade, às margens do Rio Soturno, no município de Faxinal do Soturno, situado nas regiões fisiográficas do Planalto e Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo se constitui de 4 experimentos: no primeiro (1), estacas classificadas de acordo com a posição no ramo em apicais, medianas e basais, com 30 cm de comprimento foram coletadas mensalmente por um período de 12 meses, e colocadas em recipientes com água, com a metade da estaca submersa. Aos 60 dias foram avaliadas a porcentagem de enraizamento, número e comprimento de raízes e das brotações. No experimento 2, estacas das três posições no ramo coletadas no mês de setembro de 2005 foram embebidas em solução de Orgasol®FTS nas dosagens de 0, 5, 10 e 15 ml.L-1 durante 1 minuto e enterradas na profundidade de 15 cm, em recipientes com areia de granulação média como substrato. Avaliou-se aos 75 dias, a porcentagem de enraizamento; massa seca de raízes e brotações; comprimento e diâmetro da raíz mais longa. No experimento 3, estacas basais e medianas coletadas no mês de abril de 2006 foram embebidas em solução de 15 ml.L-1 de Orgasol® FTS, durante 0, 15, 30 e 45 minutos e colocadas em sacos plásticos a uma profundidade de 15 cm, em areia de granulação média e, avaliadas após 150 dias, considerando a porcentagem de enraizamento; massa seca de raízes e brotações; número de raízes maiores e menores que 3 cm de comprimento; comprimento e diâmetro da raiz mais longa. No experimento 4 foram realizados dois testes: (A) estacas obtidas de brotações do ano, foram seccionadas em 15 cm de comprimento e classificadas de acordo com a posição em basais e apicais. Posteriormente foram imersas em solução de AIB (0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 mg.L-1) durante 1 minuto e colocadas em tubetes com substrato Plantmax® onde permaneceram por 60 dias em casa de vegetação. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de enraizamento, massa seca de raízes e brotações, número de raízes e brotações, comprimento de raízes e brotações; em (B) estacas basais foram desinfestadas e imersas durante 24 horas em solução de AIB (0, 0,1, 1, 2, 4 e 8 mg. L-1) e cultivadas em frascos com solução de ¼ de WPM por um período de 30 dias em sala climatizada. Avaliou-se os mesmos parâmetros do testes anteriores e ainda foram feitos cortes transversais e longitudinais das estacas enraizadas no experimento 4, onde se usou a técnica do paraplasto-resina . Os resultados do experimento 1, demonstram que as estacas basais (88%), medianas (56%) e apicais (25%) coletadas no mês de maio apresentaram o melhor enraizamento. As estacas basais apresentaram maior número e comprimento de raízes e brotações durante os 12 meses de avaliação. No experimento 2, a dosagem de 5 ml.L-1 não estimulou o enraizamento, enquanto que as dosagens de 10 e 15 ml.L-1 causaram um aumento na porcentagem de enraizamento de 18% até atingir na dosagem de 15 ml.L-1, 28%. Em todas as dosagens testadas, as estacas basais (26,25%) apresentaram maior enraizamento que as medianas (20,83) e apicais (18,33%). No experimento 3, o aumento do tempo de embebição das estacas em solução de Orgasol®FTS a 15 ml.L-1, estimulou um incremento na porcentagem de enraizamento em estacas basais de 25% para 36% e das nas estacas medianas de 29% para 46%. Proporcionou um aumento da massa seca das de raízes e brotações e, no número de raízes maiores que 3 cm. No experimento 4 (A) as estacas basais apresentaram maior porcentagem de enraizamento na concentração de 4 mg.L-1 de AIB (20,83%) e as estacas apicais na concentração de 2 mg.L-1 de AIB (12,35%). No experimento 4 (B) a maior porcentagem de enraizamento das estacas foi na concentração de 8 mg.L-1 de AIB (18,75%). Os cortes anatômicos indicam que as raízes adventícias das estacas caulinares surgem próximas aos vasos xilemáticos, provavelmente do periciclo.

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Bezerra, Marcelo Rondon. "Enxertia de mesa, estaquia e fenologia do caquizeiro em regiões tropicais /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98841.

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Orientador: Aparecida Conceição Boliani
Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa
Banca: Silvia Correa Santos
Resumo: Embora a quase totalidade da produção nacional de caqui (Diospyros kaki L.) seja destinada ao mercado interno, o Brasil vem se consolidando nos últimos anos como país exportador dessa fruta para países dos continentes americano e europeu. Por essa razão, o cultivo dessa fruteira vem se constituindo numa importante atividade agrícola para pequenos produtores no Brasil. A obtenção de mudas de boa qualidade para a implantação de pomares constitui-se em sério problema para os fruticultores que pretendem cultivar o caquizeiro, métodos alternativos para a produção de mudas, amenizariam essa dificuldade. Em função disso o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a porcentagem de pegamento da enxertia de mesa em estacas lenhosas oriundas das brotações do porta-enxerto, a capacidade de enraizamento de estacas lenhosas e herbáceas de caquizeiro oriundas de brotações da copa e do porta-enxerto, ambos da cultivar Rama-Forte, determinar a concentração mais adequada de indolbutírico (AIB) e ainda avaliar a fenologia de dez variedades de caquizeiro (Pomelo, Rubi, Fuyuhana, Rama Forte, Taubaté, Giombo, Suruga, Toote, Fuyu, e Jiro), selecionar aquelas que apresentem melhores características agronômicas e que sejam adaptadas às regiões de clima tropical. O trabalho foi conduzido no período de 16 de março de 2006 a 29 de maio de 2007 na área experimental da Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual Paulista - Campus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria - MS. Para a enxertia de mesa foram utilizadas 120 estacas lenhosas oriundas do porta-enxerto onde foi realizada a enxertia por garfagem tipo fenda cheia e divididos em quatro tratamentos com três repetições de 10 estacas, sendo três concentrações de AIB (1500, 2500 e 3500 mgL-1) e a testemunha (sem aplicação de AIB), imergindo-se 5cm da base por cinco minutos na solução...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Although almost the totality of the national production of Kaki (Diospyros kaki L.) either destined to the domestic market, Brazil comes if consolidating in the last years as exporting country of this fruit for countries of the American and European continent. Therefore, the culture of this fruit comes if constituting in an important agricultural activity for small producers in Brazil. The attainment of props of good quality for the implantation of orchards consists in serious problem for the producers of fruits that they intend to cultivate the Japanese Persimmon Tree. The present work objectified to evaluate the percentage of the bench graft in deriving rootstocks props, the shoots of the rootstocks, the capacity of grafting of deriving rootstocks and herbaceous props of Japanese Persimmon Tree of shoots of the pantry and the rootstocks, both of cultivating Rama Forte, to determinate the indolbutiric concentration most adequate (IBA) and still the phenology of ten varieties of Japanese Persimmon Tree (Pomelo, Ruby, Fuyuhana, Rama Forte, Taubaté, Giombo, Suruga, Toote, Fuyu, and Jiro), to select those that present good characteristics and that the regions of tropical climate are adapted. The work was lead of day 16 of March of 2006 until day 29 of May of 2007 in the experimental area of the Farm of Education, Research and Extension of the São Paulo State University - Campus of Ilha Solteira, located in the city of Selvíria-MS. In the bench graft 120 deriving rootstocks props of the rootstocks had been used where type full crack and divided in four treatments with three repetitions of 10 props was carried through by full crack, being three concentrations of IBA (1500, 2500 and 3500 mgL-1) and the witness (without IBA application), immerging 5cm of the base per five minutes into the solution...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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22

Patrick, Melanie. "Characterisation of rhizobacterial communities of Eucalyptus species and hybrids." Thesis, Bloemfontein: Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/244.

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Thesis (M. Tech. (Agriculture)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013
ntroduction: Good quality Eucalyptus is of importance to South Africa’s pulp and paper industry. Limited land is available for forestry, therefore Eucalyptus with genotypes for good pulp and paper qualities, particularly hybrids, are bred and cloned via cuttings. Although these Eucalyptus clones keep the favourable genotypes in the population, many have difficulty with rooting. Research has shown that rhizobacteria can improve rooting. Thus, one strategy to enhance the rooting of cuttings is to use rhizobacterial preparations. The aim of this study was to characterise rhizobacterial communities of Eucalyptus hybrid and species and identify possible plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Materials and methods: Rhizospheric samples were collected from Eucalyptus hybrids and species. The rhizobacterial communities were characterised using fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). DGGE fragments were further sequenced to identify rhizobacteria. Results and discussion: FAME analysis successfully achieved a broad characterisation of the Eucalyptus hybrid and species rhizobacterial communities based on their fatty acid composition. Myristic acid (C14:0) was the most abundant fatty acid. DGGE profiles gave a molecular profile of the Eucalyptus hybrid and species rhizobacterial communities based on their DNA composition. Nitrosomona eutropha was present in all samples which illustrates a nitrogen-rich environment. Adhaenbacter aquaticus was unique to the better rooting Eucalyptus hybrid GU111. Conclusion: This study provided some insight into the diversity of rhizobacterial communities of Eucalyptus hybrids and species. Possible PGPR were identified and the observation made that the nature of the soil environment changes with the aging of the associated host. These findings allow further investigation into the formulation of potential rhizobacterial preparations for rooting enhancement of Eucalyptus cuttings.

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Silva, Cristiano Pereira da [UNESP]. "Enraizamento de estacas de pinheira (Annona squamosa L.), gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) e atemoeira (Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola L.) tratadas com ácido indolbutírico (IBA), ácido naftalenoacético (NAA) e bioestimulante." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103224.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As frutíferas pertencentes à família das Annonaceae apresentam dificuldades na germinação de sementes, incompatibilidade com porta-enxerto e dificuldades no enraizamento de estacas. Como são consideradas de difícil enaizamento, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a capacidade de enraizamento de três espécies de Annonaceae, pinheira ou fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa L.), gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) e atemoeira (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa L.) em duas épocas do ano (verão e inverno) testando reguladores vegetais como as auxinas em forma de pó ou talco e bioestimulante. O Experimento foi conduzido em câmara de nebulização intermitente, casa de vegetação pertencente à UNESP/FCA/Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Campus de Botucatu. Foram utilizadas estacas apicais enfolhadas em tratamento com ácido indolbutírico (IBA), ácido naftalenoacético (NAA) ma forma de talco (pó), nas concentrações de (0; 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75% e 1%) e bioestimulante StimulateÒ em diferentes concentrações (0, 2, 4, 6, e 8ml). Após 90 dias, avaliaram-se as características biométricas como, a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, sobrevivência, calos, número e comprimento de raízes, massa de matéria seca da parte aérea de das raízes e as características bioquímicas, como carboidratos, aminoácidos e atividade da enzima peroxidase. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se perceber que as auxinas, ácido indolbutírico (IBA) e os ácidos naftalenoacético (NAA), nas concentrações de 0,25%, 0,50% e 0,75%, aumentaram a porcentagem de enraizamento das três espécies, da presença de calos nas estacas, do número e comprimento das raízes. As concentrações de 1% das auxinas IBA e NAA apresentaram resultados insatisfatórios para as características avaliadas, apresentando toxidez e efeito inibidor na emissão das raízes, comprometendo a sobrevivência das estacas...
The fruitful belonging to the family of Annonaceae present difficulties in the germination seeds, incompatibility with door-graft and difficulties in the cutting of rooting. They are considered difficult rooting, the objective this work was verify the capacity rooting of three species of Annonaceae, pinheira (Annona squamosa L.), gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) and atemoeira (Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola L.) in two times of the year, testing vegetable regulators auxin and bioregulator. The Experiment was in camera of intermittent, vegetation house belonging to UNESP/FCA/Departament of Forest Sciences, Campus of Botucatu. Cutting used grown leaves in treatment with acid indolbutiric (IBA), acid naftalenoacetic (NAA) in concentrations of (0; 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75% and 1%) and bioregulator Stimulate® in different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8ml). After 90 days, they were evaluated the characteristics the percentage of rooting cutting, survival, calluses, number and length of roots, mass of matter of the plant, biochemical characteristics, the carboydratos, aminoacids and activity enzyme peroxidase. In agreement with the obtained results, it can be noticed that the auxin, acid indolbutírico (IBA) acids naftalenoacetic (NAA), in the concentrations of 0,25%, 0,50% and 0,75%, increased the percentage rooting the three species, of the presence of calluses cutting, number length the roots. The concentrations of 1% of the auxinas IBA and NAA presented unsatisfactory results for the appraised characteristics, presenting toxidez and effect inibidor in the emission of the roots, committing the survival of the stakes for the three species. The time of the year influenced rooting, survival, calluses, number and length of roots cutting the species three, being the summer the best time for the propagation cutting.The amount of carboydratos and aminoacids influenced percentage rooting... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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24

Silva, Cristiano Pereira da 1978. "Enraizamento de estacas de pinheira (Annona squamosa L.), gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) e atemoeira (Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola L.) tratadas com ácido indolbutírico (IBA), ácido naftalenoacético (NAA) e bioestimulante /." Botucatu : [s.d.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103224.

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Orientador: João Domingos Rodrigues
Banca: Elizabeth Orika Ono
Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa
Banca: Atila Francisco Mogor
Banca: Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes
Resumo: As frutíferas pertencentes à família das Annonaceae apresentam dificuldades na germinação de sementes, incompatibilidade com porta-enxerto e dificuldades no enraizamento de estacas. Como são consideradas de difícil enaizamento, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a capacidade de enraizamento de três espécies de Annonaceae, pinheira ou fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa L.), gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) e atemoeira (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa L.) em duas épocas do ano (verão e inverno) testando reguladores vegetais como as auxinas em forma de pó ou talco e bioestimulante. O Experimento foi conduzido em câmara de nebulização intermitente, casa de vegetação pertencente à UNESP/FCA/Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Campus de Botucatu. Foram utilizadas estacas apicais enfolhadas em tratamento com ácido indolbutírico (IBA), ácido naftalenoacético (NAA) ma forma de talco (pó), nas concentrações de (0; 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75% e 1%) e bioestimulante StimulateÒ em diferentes concentrações (0, 2, 4, 6, e 8ml). Após 90 dias, avaliaram-se as características biométricas como, a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, sobrevivência, calos, número e comprimento de raízes, massa de matéria seca da parte aérea de das raízes e as características bioquímicas, como carboidratos, aminoácidos e atividade da enzima peroxidase. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, pode-se perceber que as auxinas, ácido indolbutírico (IBA) e os ácidos naftalenoacético (NAA), nas concentrações de 0,25%, 0,50% e 0,75%, aumentaram a porcentagem de enraizamento das três espécies, da presença de calos nas estacas, do número e comprimento das raízes. As concentrações de 1% das auxinas IBA e NAA apresentaram resultados insatisfatórios para as características avaliadas, apresentando toxidez e efeito inibidor na emissão das raízes, comprometendo a sobrevivência das estacas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The fruitful belonging to the family of Annonaceae present difficulties in the germination seeds, incompatibility with door-graft and difficulties in the cutting of rooting. They are considered difficult rooting, the objective this work was verify the capacity rooting of three species of Annonaceae, pinheira (Annona squamosa L.), gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) and atemoeira (Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola L.) in two times of the year, testing vegetable regulators auxin and bioregulator. The Experiment was in camera of intermittent, vegetation house belonging to UNESP/FCA/Departament of Forest Sciences, Campus of Botucatu. Cutting used grown leaves in treatment with acid indolbutiric (IBA), acid naftalenoacetic (NAA) in concentrations of (0; 0,25%, 0,50%, 0,75% and 1%) and bioregulator Stimulate® in different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8ml). After 90 days, they were evaluated the characteristics the percentage of rooting cutting, survival, calluses, number and length of roots, mass of matter of the plant, biochemical characteristics, the carboydratos, aminoacids and activity enzyme peroxidase. In agreement with the obtained results, it can be noticed that the auxin, acid indolbutírico (IBA) acids naftalenoacetic (NAA), in the concentrations of 0,25%, 0,50% and 0,75%, increased the percentage rooting the three species, of the presence of calluses cutting, number length the roots. The concentrations of 1% of the auxinas IBA and NAA presented unsatisfactory results for the appraised characteristics, presenting toxidez and effect inibidor in the emission of the roots, committing the survival of the stakes for the three species. The time of the year influenced rooting, survival, calluses, number and length of roots cutting the species three, being the summer the best time for the propagation cutting.The amount of carboydratos and aminoacids influenced percentage rooting... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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25

Pinto, Ernesto Oliveira Serra [UNESP]. "Germinação de sementes, enraizamento de estacas caulineares e cultivo in vitro de cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103275.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)
Espécie pertencente à família das Solanáceas, o cubiu apresenta potencial de cultivo. No entanto, apesar das diversas possibilidades de utilização da planta, a propagação desta ainda é realizada por sementes botânicas. Nesse contexto, os experimentos realizados no presente trabalho tiveram como objetivos avaliar os efeitos de diferentes substratos na promoção e uniformização da germinação de sementes, a propagação através do enraizamento de estacas e a germinação e calogênese do cubiu in vitro. Para atingir tal objetivo foram realizados três experimentos diferentes que são descritos a seguir: 1 - germinação de sementes: sementes provenientes do Laboratório de Sementes da Coordenadoria de Pesquisa em Ciências Agrárias/INPA, obtidas de plantas do cultivar Alejo, foram colocadas para germinar em caixas plásticas preenchidas com nitossolo vermelho, vermiculita triturada, areia lavada e plantmax®. Aos 90 dias após a semeadura avaliou-se a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de germinação. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos correspondentes aos substratos avaliados, 4 repetições e 50 sementes por parcela experimental. Os resultados evidenciaram não haver diferença significativa entre o nitossolo vermelho e a vermiculita triturada, sendo estes superiores aos demais tratamentos. 2 - enraizamento de estacas: foram empregadas estacas herbáceas com 6-7cm de comprimento, contendo uma gema e u folha. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com 8 tratamentos constituídos pelas combinações entre os fatores substrato e doses de regulador vegetal. Dentro do fator substrato foram avaliados dois níveis: areia fina lavada e vermiculita triturada. O regulador vegetal aplicado foi o ácido naftalenoacético nas concentrações de 0,250, 500 e 1000 mg.L-1, por 5 segundos...
Pertaining species to the family of the solanacea, cubiu it presents cultive potential. However, although the diverse possibilities of use of the plant, the propagation of this still is carried through by botanical seeds. In the context, the experiments carried through in the present study had as objetive to evaluate the substrate effect different in the promotion of the germination seeds, the propagation through the rooting of cuttings and the germination and callus formation of cubiu in vitro. To reach such objetive three different experiments had been carried through that are describle to follow. 1- germination of seeds: seeds proceeding from the Laboratory of Seeds of the Coordenation of Research in Agrarian/INPA, gotten of plants of cultivated variety Alejo, had been placed to germinate in filed plastic boxes with nitosoil red, vermiculite triturated, washed sand and plantmax®. To the 90 days after the sowing evaluated it percentage and the index of germination speed. Experimental design was cinpletely randomized, with 4 corresponding treatments to evaluated substrate, 4 repetitions and 50 seeds per plot. The results had evidenced not to have significant difference between nitosoil red and the triturated vermiculite, being these superiors to the too much treatments. 2- rooting of cuttings: of herbaceous stakes with 6-7 cm of length had been used, contend one shoots and u leaf. A cinpletely randomized design was used, at factorial scheme of 2 x 4, with 8 treatments consisting of the combinations between the factors substrate and 4 doses of vegetable regulator. Inside of the factor substrate two levels had been evaluated: triturated vermiculite and fine sand washed. The applied vegetable regulator was the naftalen ascetic acid in the concentrations of 0; 250; 500 and 1000 mg.L-1, per 5 secons. It was conclued on the viability of triturated vermiculite and fine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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26

Pacheco, Jardel Pizzatto. "ESTAQUIA DE Luehea divaricata Mart. (AÇOITA-CAVALO)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8623.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Three experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of indolbutyric acid (IBA), substrate and type of stem cutting on the rooting of Luehea divaricata. The first study was evaluated the effect of diameter stem cutting and IBA in the adventitious rooting. Woody stem cuttings were used, of plant matrices with approximately ten years age, distributed as the diameter (fine, medium, thick) and level of IBA (0, 5000 mg L-1). The experimental design was completly randomized and consisting of 12 units experimental by repetition and five repetitions for treatment. There was no interaction of the diameter and IBA for the variables survival, length and number of roots. There was, however, interaction for the number of root. There was no influence of diameter on the number of roots in Luehea divaricata. Thick stem cuttings showed higher survival, rooting and length of root than smaller diameter. The survival of stem cuttings was not influenced by indolbutyric acid. Stem cutting treated with 5000 mg L-1 IBA showed higher roots, number and length of roots of then control treatment. Thick stem cuttings immersed at 5000 mg L-1 of IBA are indicated in the vegetative propagation of Luehea divaricata. The secon study was evaluated the effect of type of stem cutting and IBA in the rooting of this specie. Woody stem cuttings were used, of plant matrices with approximately two years age, distributed as the position (basal, middle, apex) and level of IBA (0, 1000, 2000, 5000 mg L-1). The experimental design was completly randomized and consisting of five units experimental by repetition and five repetitions for treatment. There was no interaction between position and IBA for the variables rooting and number of roots. There was, however, interaction for the leaf and root dry mass. The position presented influence in all variables, being observed on basal cuttings higher rooting, number of roots, leaf and root dry mass. The variable leaf dry mass was not influenced by the application of indolbutyric acid. Stem cuttings with 4000 mg L-1 of IBA had higher rooting and number of roots. Moreover, was observed higher values root dry mass in stem cuttings with 2000 mg L-1 indolbutyric acid. The third study was evaluated the effect of type of stem cutting and substrate in the rooting of Luehea divaricata. Herbaceous stem cuttings were used, of plant matrices with approximately two years age, distributed as the type of stem cutting (with / without leaf) and type of substrate (vermiculite, mecplant®, plantmax®, peat). The experimental design was completly randomized and consisting of five units experimental by repetition and 10 repetitions for treatment. There was no interaction between substrate and type of stem cutting for the variables rooting and number of roots. There was, however, interaction for root length, root and leaf dry mass. The type of stem cutting presented influence in all variables studied. Stem cuttings grown on peat and Plantmax® showed higher root length, root and leaf dry mass. Stem cuttings with a pair of leaf grown in Plantmax® are indicated in the vegetative propagation of Luehea divaricata.
Foram realizados três estudos com objetivo de avaliar a influência do ácido indolbutírico (AIB), substrato e tipo de estaca no enraizamento de Luehea divaricata. No primeiro estudo avaliou-se o efeito do diâmetro da estaca e AIB no enraizamento adventício. Foram utilizadas estacas lenhosas, de matrizes com aproximadamente dez anos de idade, distribuídas conforme o diâmetro (fino, médio, grosso) e nível de AIB (0, 5000mg L-1). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado consistindo de 12 unidades experimentais por repetição e cinco repetições por tratamento. Não houve interação do diâmetro da estaca e AIB para as variáveis sobrevivência, número e comprimento radicial. Houve, entretanto, interação para o número de estacas enraizadas. Não houve influência do diâmetro sobre o número de raízes em Luehea divaricata. Estacas grossas apresentaram maior sobrevivência, enraizamento e comprimento radicial em relação às estacas de menor diâmetro. A sobrevivência das estacas não foi influenciada pelo ácido indolbutírico. Estacas tratadas com 5000mg L-1 AIB apresentaram maior enraizamento, número e comprimento radicial quando comparadas ao tratamento controle. Estacas grossas imersas em 5000mg L-1 de AIB são indicadas na propagação de Luehea divaricata. No segundo estudo avaliou-se o tipo de estaca e AIB no enraizamento dessa espécie. Foram utilizadas estacas lenhosas, de matrizes com aproximadamente dois anos de idade, distribuídas conforme a posição da estaca no ramo (apical, mediana, basal) e concentração de AIB (0, 1000, 2000, 4000mg L-1). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco unidades experimentais por repetição e cinco repetições por tratamento. Não houve interação entre posição da estaca e AIB para as variáveis enraizamento e número radicial. Houve, entretanto, interação para massa seca radicial e foliar. O fator posição apresentou influência em todas as variáveis, sendo observado, em estacas basais, maior enraizamento, número de raízes, massa seca radicial e foliar. A variável massa seca foliar não foi influenciada pela aplicação de ácido indolbutírico. Estacas com 4000mg L-1 de AIB apresentaram maior enraizamento e número de raízes. Por outro lado, observaram-se maiores valores de massa seca radicial em estacas com 2000mg L-1 de ácido indolbutírico. No terceiro estudo avaliou-se o tipo de estaca e substrato no enraizamento de Luehea divaricata. Foram utilizadas estacas herbáceas, de matrizes com dois anos de idade, distribuídas conforme o tipo de estaca (com / sem folha) e tipo de substrato (vermiculita, Mecplant®, Plantmax®, turfa). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco unidades experimentais por repetição e dez repetições por tratamento. Não houve interação do substrato com o tipo de estaca para as variáveis enraizamento e número radicial. Houve, entretanto, interação para comprimento radicial, massa seca radicial e massa seca foliar. O tipo de estaca apresentou influência em todas as variáveis estudadas. Estacas cultivadas em turfa e Plantmax® apresentaram maiores valores de comprimento radicial, massa seca foliar e massa seca radicial. Estacas com um par de folhas cultivadas em Plantmax® são indicadas na propagação de Luehea divaricata.

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Pinto, Ernesto Oliveira Serra 1963. "Germinação de sementes, enraizamento de estacas caulineares e cultivo in vitro de cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal ) /." Botucatu, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103275.

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Orientador: Sarita Leonel
Banca: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
Banca: Aloisio Costa Sampaio
Banca: Armando Reis Tavares
Banca: Stela Maria Carvalho Vilhena
Resumo: Espécie pertencente à família das Solanáceas, o cubiu apresenta potencial de cultivo. No entanto, apesar das diversas possibilidades de utilização da planta, a propagação desta ainda é realizada por sementes botânicas. Nesse contexto, os experimentos realizados no presente trabalho tiveram como objetivos avaliar os efeitos de diferentes substratos na promoção e uniformização da germinação de sementes, a propagação através do enraizamento de estacas e a germinação e calogênese do cubiu in vitro. Para atingir tal objetivo foram realizados três experimentos diferentes que são descritos a seguir: 1 - germinação de sementes: sementes provenientes do Laboratório de Sementes da Coordenadoria de Pesquisa em Ciências Agrárias/INPA, obtidas de plantas do cultivar Alejo, foram colocadas para germinar em caixas plásticas preenchidas com nitossolo vermelho, vermiculita triturada, areia lavada e plantmax®. Aos 90 dias após a semeadura avaliou-se a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de germinação. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos correspondentes aos substratos avaliados, 4 repetições e 50 sementes por parcela experimental. Os resultados evidenciaram não haver diferença significativa entre o nitossolo vermelho e a vermiculita triturada, sendo estes superiores aos demais tratamentos. 2 - enraizamento de estacas: foram empregadas estacas herbáceas com 6-7cm de comprimento, contendo uma gema e u folha. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com 8 tratamentos constituídos pelas combinações entre os fatores substrato e doses de regulador vegetal. Dentro do fator substrato foram avaliados dois níveis: areia fina lavada e vermiculita triturada. O regulador vegetal aplicado foi o ácido naftalenoacético nas concentrações de 0,250, 500 e 1000 mg.L-1, por 5 segundos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Pertaining species to the family of the solanacea, cubiu it presents cultive potential. However, although the diverse possibilities of use of the plant, the propagation of this still is carried through by botanical seeds. In the context, the experiments carried through in the present study had as objetive to evaluate the substrate effect different in the promotion of the germination seeds, the propagation through the rooting of cuttings and the germination and callus formation of cubiu in vitro. To reach such objetive three different experiments had been carried through that are describle to follow. 1- germination of seeds: seeds proceeding from the Laboratory of Seeds of the Coordenation of Research in Agrarian/INPA, gotten of plants of cultivated variety Alejo, had been placed to germinate in filed plastic boxes with nitosoil red, vermiculite triturated, washed sand and plantmax®. To the 90 days after the sowing evaluated it percentage and the index of germination speed. Experimental design was cinpletely randomized, with 4 corresponding treatments to evaluated substrate, 4 repetitions and 50 seeds per plot. The results had evidenced not to have significant difference between nitosoil red and the triturated vermiculite, being these superiors to the too much treatments. 2- rooting of cuttings: of herbaceous stakes with 6-7 cm of length had been used, contend one shoots and u leaf. A cinpletely randomized design was used, at factorial scheme of 2 x 4, with 8 treatments consisting of the combinations between the factors substrate and 4 doses of vegetable regulator. Inside of the factor substrate two levels had been evaluated: triturated vermiculite and fine sand washed. The applied vegetable regulator was the naftalen ascetic acid in the concentrations of 0; 250; 500 and 1000 mg.L-1, per 5 secons. It was conclued on the viability of triturated vermiculite and fine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Lencina, Kelen Haygert. "MICROPROPAGAÇÃO E DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA EM Apuleia leiocarpa (VOGEL) J. F. MACBRIDE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3793.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro productivity of micro-stumps, in vitro and ex vitro rooting and acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets, and to assess the genetic diversity of Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F. Macbride (apuleia) with RAPD markers. Micro-stumps originated from drastic pruning of aseptic seedlings were grown in WPM culture medium supplemented with 0; 2.2; 4.4; 6.6 and 8.8 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and sub-cultured in WPM medium without cytokinin. Apuleia micro-stumps were also grown in WPM, MS or ½ MS, with or without 1.5 g L-1 of activated charcoal. Three shoot collections were done at 30, 60 and 90 days of cultivation. Nodal segments and micro-cuttings were maintained in WPM culture medium with 0; 4.9; 9.8; 14.7 and 19.6 μM of indole butyric acid (IBA). For acclimatization, rotted nodal segments and micro-cuttings were planted in equal proportions of commercial substrate + vermiculite + coarse sand, and commercial substrate + vermiculite. For ex vitro rooting, nodal segments and micro-cuttings were treated or not with 4920 μM of IBA for 10 seconds and cultivated in equal proportions of commercial substrate + vermiculite + coarse sand, commercial substrate + vermiculite, and commercial substrate + coarse sand. For genetic analysis, DNA was extracted from leaf samples of 88 plants of apuleia. Eighteen RAPD primers were tested. The amplified fragments were separated in agarose gel of 1.2% (v/v), containing 3 μL of ethidium bromide. The fragments were marked as absence or presence, generating a binary matrix. Total polymorphism and the relative contribution of each primer for the polymorphism were calculated. The polymorphism information content (PIC) was calculated for each fragment and primer. Cluster analysis was based upon Jaccard similarity and UPGMA method. The conservation of the apuleia micro-stumps in WPM or ½ MS media supplemented with 8.8 μM of BAP and sub-cultured in culture medium without citokynin increases number and length of shoots. Maintaining micro-stumps in culture medium supplemented with activated charcoal increases micro-cuttings production, but in its absence results in callus formation and indirect organogenesis of shoots. Nodal segments were more competent than micro-cuttings for rooting in culture medium without IBA. Substrate composition does not affect survival and growth during acclimatization of in vitro produced plantlets. Nodal segments treated with 4920 μM of IBA and cultivated in commercial substrate + vermiculite + coarse sand show the best responses for ex vitro rooting. Both in vitro conservation of apuleia micro-stumps and ex vitro rooting are promising strategies for plantlet production. The RAPD is a feasible technique for genetic analysis, and it identifies high genetic variability in apuleia.
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a produtividade de microcepas mantidas in vitro, o enraizamento e a aclimatização de plantas micropropagadas, assim como avaliar a diversidade genética em Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F. Macbride (grápia) com uso de marcadores RAPD. Microcepas oriundas da poda drástica de plantas assépticas foram cultivadas em meio de cultura WPM acrescido de 0, 2,2, 4,4, 6,6 e 8,8 μM de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP) e subcultivadas em meio de cultura WPM sem citocinina. Microcepas também foram cultivadas em meio de cultura WPM, MS ou ½ MS, acrescido ou não de 1,5 g L-1 de carvão ativado e submetidas a três coletas de brotos aos 30, 60 e 90 dias de cultivo. No enraizamento in vitro, segmentos nodais e microestacas foram mantidos em meio de cultura WPM com 0, 4,9, 9,8, 14,7 e 19,6 μM de ácido indolbutírico (AIB). Na aclimatização das plantas foram testadas as composições de substrato comercial + vermiculita + areia grossa e substrato comercial + vermiculita, em iguais proporções. Para o enraizamento ex vitro, segmentos nodais e microestacas foram tratados ou não com 4920 μM de AIB por 10 segundos e cultivados em iguais proporções de substrato comercial + vermiculita + areia grossa, substrato comercial + vermiculita e substrato comercial + areia grossa. Para as análises RAPD, o DNA foi extraído de amostras foliares de 88 plantas. Foram avaliados 18 iniciadores, sendo a visualização dos fragmentos realizada em gel de agarose preparado a 1,2% (p/v), contendo 3 μL de brometo de etídio e submetido a eletroforese. Os fragmentos foram pontuados com ausência ou presença gerando uma matriz binária. Foi calculada a contribuição relativa de cada iniciador para o polimorfismo bem como o polimorfismo total. Também foi calculado o conteúdo de informação para o polimorfismo (PIC) para cada fragmento e por iniciador. A análise de agrupamento foi realizada com base na similaridade de Jaccard e no método UPGMA. A manutenção das microcepas de grápia em meio de cultura WPM ou ½ MS suplementado com 8,8 μM de BAP, seguido do subcultivo em meio de cultura sem citocinina aumenta o número e comprimento das brotações. O cultivo de microcepas em meio de cultura com carvão ativado aumenta a produção de microestacas por microcepas, enquanto a ausência de carvão ativado favorece a formação de calos e brotos por organogênese indireta. Quanto ao enraizamento in vitro, os segmentos nodais apresentaram maior resposta do que microestacas, sendo necessária a suplementação do meio de cultura com AIB. A composição do substrato não afetou a sobrevivência e o crescimento das plantas produzidas in vitro durante a aclimatização. As melhores respostas de enraizamento ex vitro foram obtidas com segmentos nodais, assim como com explantes tratados com 4920 μM de AIB e cultivados em substrato comercial + vermiculita + areia grossa. Tanto a manutenção in vitro de microcepas quanto o enraizamento ex vitro são técnicas promissoras para a produção de plantas de grápia. O marcador RAPD é eficiente para a análise genética e detectou alta variabilidade genética na grápia.

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Barros, Fabíola Lacerda de Souza. "Respostas morfogênicas ex vitro do mamoeiro Golden e in vitro do mamoeiro Tainung 01." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6604.

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Foram realizados experimentos in vivo e in vitro objetivando a propagação assexuada do mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.). O experimento in vivo foi realizado com a cultivar Golden , do grupo Solo , em lavoura comercial com dois anos e meio de idade em final de produção, onde se estudou o efeito da poda em diferentes alturas do tronco (inteira sem o ápice, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 m) a partir do solo, para se identificar qual destas proporcionaria maior rendimento de brotações laterais aptas à estaquia. Uma contagem de brotações aos 25 dias após a poda a diferentes alturas foi realizada no experimento in vivo. As brotações contabilizadas foram podadas e, posteriormente, feita outra contagem de novas brotações aos 50 dias. Com a poda a 2,0 metros de altura, obteve-se maior número de brotações aos 25 e aos 50 dias, no período do verão, mostrando viabilidade no reaproveitamento de lavouras em final de produção na propagação assexuada. Meios de enraizamento foram testados nos experimentos in vitro. No primeiro experimento foram estudadas as concentrações do meio MS a 100%, 50% da força e MS modificado associados aos níveis do regulador de crescimento AIB (0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,4 e 0,8 mg L-1). No primeiro experimento o enraizamento foi insatisfatório devido à contaminação bacteriana, aliada a uma possível fitotoxidez do antibiótico utilizado (cefotaxima 100 mg L-1), ou ainda, ao acúmulo de citocinina remanescente da fase de multiplicação, prejudicando as reações morfogênicas e o enraizamento. No segundo experimento, utilizou-se meio de enraizamento contendo ou não carvão ativo, na concentração 1gL-1, associado aos níveis do regulador de crescimento ANA (0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 mgL-1). Também não se obteve sucesso no enraizamento, provavelmente pela quantidade ou associação dos antibióticos utilizados (rifampicina 300 mg L-1 +cloranfenicol 100 mg L-1) ao meio de cultura, mesmo tendo controlado acontaminação bacteriana. O carvão ativo a 1 g L-1 acrescentado ao meio, apesar de não auxiliar o enraizamento, mostra significância de forma isolada, sendo benéfico ao desenvolvimento da parte aérea e impedindo o calejamento na base dos ramos, mostrando eficiência na adsorção de substâncias tóxicas do meio de cultivo, em relação ao tratamento que não recebeu o carvão ativo
The experiments were carried out in vivo and in vitro having of the objective the assexual reproduction of the papaya tree (Carica papaya L.). The experiment in vivo was accomplished with to cultivate Golden, of the group Sole, in commercial farming with two and a half years of age in production end, where it was studied the effect of the pruning in different heights of the trunk (it completes without the apex, 0,5, 1,0, 1,5, 2,0 m) starting from the ground, and to identify which of these it would provide larger income of capable production of lateral shoots to the cutting. With the pruning to 2,0 meters of height was obtained larger shoots number, in two consecutive pruning, in other words, to the 25 and 50 days, in the period of the summer, showing viability in the recycling of farmings in production end in the assexual reproduction. In the experiments in vitro were tested rooting medium. In the first experiment were studied the concentrations of the MS medium of 100%, 50% of the force and MS modified associates at the levels of the growth regulator AIB (0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,4 and 0,8 mg L-1). The rooting was unsatisfactory due to the bacterial contamination, allied to a possible phytotoxity of the used antibiotic (cephotaxin 100 mg L-1), or still, to the kitocinin accumulation remaining of the multiplication phase harming the morphogenics reactions and the rooting. In the second experiment was used rooting medium containing (1 g L-1) or not active coal, associate at the levels of the growth regulator ANA (0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 and 2,0 mg L-1). It was not also obtained success in the rooting probably for the amount or association of the antibiotics used (Rifampicin 300 mg L-1 + cloranphenicol 100 mg L-1) in the culture medium, even having controlled the bacterial contamination. The active coal to 1 g L-1 increased to the medium, in spite of not aiding the rooting show significance in an isolated way, being beneficial to the development of the aerial part and impeding the calluse in the base of the shoots, showing efficiency in the adsorption of poisonous substances of the culture medium, in relation to the treatment that didnt receive the active coal

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Ries, Sylvie. "Fonctionnement d'un écosystème forestier : le compartiment racines d'un taillis de châtaigniers (Castanea sativa Mill.) du Sud-Est de la France : biomasse, structure et évolution." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10011.

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Une analyse bibliographique detaillee fait le point sur les methodes d'evaluation de la biomasse racinaire dans les ecosystemes forestiers. L'etude du compartiment racinaire est entreprise dans les taillis de chataigniers. La cinematique de la croissance racinaire est abordee par l'etude de la regeneration in situ de racines apres leur sectionnement. Elle indique une depression passagere dans l'annee du recepage

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31

Murugan, Nelisha. "The performance and rooting of eucalyptus grandis x nitens cuttings." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/490.

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Hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis and E. nitens (GN) have consistently been shown to be suitable for planting in cold, dry, marginal plantation sites, where they exhibit high yields and superior pulp properties. However, their clonal propagation is hindered by the very poor rooting success of cuttings. The present study aimed at assessing the effect of cutting type, time of year of setting cuttings and Seradix 2 application on rooting and development of cuttings of a commercially important Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus nitens clone (GN107). Cuttings were prepared from clonal hedge coppice at the Mondi Business Paper, Trahar Technology Centre, Hilton. Three cutting types were used (cut at different distances from the node) for each terminal (situated below the apical bud) and non-terminal cuttings. The leaves were trimmed and, for half the cuttings, the base of the stem of cuttings were dipped in Seradix 2 rooting powder (3 g kg-1 4-(indole-3-yl)-butyric acid (IBA). They were then placed into rooting trays (128 inserts/ tray arranged as 8 rows x 16 columns). Seradix 2-treated and Seradix 2-untreated terminal and non-terminal cuttings, cut at, above and below the node (twelve treatments in total) were set in trays with one treatment per column of eight replicates, per tray. There were nineteen trays overall. The trays were filled with peat, perlite and vermiculite (3:3:1) and were maintained in a Mondi greenhouse, with air temperature at 25°C to 27°C (thermostatically activated fans), root zone temperature at 28°C (bed heaters) and 20 second misting at 10 minute intervals (automatic misters). The study was carried out in November 2005, April 2006 and June 2006. In the first experiment, both terminal and non-terminal cuttings were used; thereafter only non-terminal cuttings were used. The plantlet yield was very low, regardless of cutting type, Seradix 2 treatment and the time of year the cuttings were set. The highest plantlet production (12.5%) and rooting frequencies (13.8%) were achieved with non-terminal cuttings treated with Seradix 2. Although not statistically significant, Seradix 2 inhibited shoot production (31.4% for Seradix 2-untreated and 24.2% for treated cuttings). The position at which inserts were cut in relation to the node did not significantly affect the number of plantlets produced and non-terminal cuttings appeared hardier and performed better than terminal cuttings. The time of year of setting cuttings did not have any significant effect on plantlet yield, nonetheless, plantlet yield was highest in cuttings set in November (9.2%) and lowest in April (0.4%). In addition, cuttings set in November (spring), had superior shoot development in terms of the number of cuttings that produced shoots (regardless of root production), shoot length and the mass of shoots relative to root mass. The highest percentages of cuttings that produced roots (regardless of shoot growth) (10%) and the highest number of roots per cutting (2) were part of the June trial. Therefore, cuttings set in June (winter) had superior root development as compared with cuttings set in November (spring) or April (autumn). In all of the studies, three rooting patterns were observed in cuttings: roots produced only from the cut area only (type 1), only from the sides of the stem (type 2) and from both sites (type 3). Non-terminal cuttings treated with Seradix 2 showed a higher incidence of types 2 and 3 rooting patterns than the terminal cuttings. Seradix 2 application increased the prevalence of types 2 and 3 rooting patterns. Although not statistically different, cuttings dipped 2.5 cm into Seradix 2 produced more types 2 and 3 rooting patterns than cuttings dipped at the abaxial end only. Light microscopy of stem sections of cuttings indicated that roots appeared to originate from the xylem archs as well as from the cambium. The collected data indicate that it is necessary to continue research towards improving the efficiency of plantlet production of GN107 via cuttings. It appears that cuttings of this clone may be set throughout the year and that terminal cuttings should be avoided. In addition, the present practice at the Mondi Hilton nursery of treating cuttings with Seradix 2 needs to be reconsidered as although it increases rooting, it does not increase plantlet production due to its apparent inhibitory effect on shoot development.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.

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LeBude, Anthony Vincent. "Adventitious rooting and physiology of stem cuttings of loblolly pine." 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04122005-152359/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Tian, Hui-Cheng. "Spatial analysis of the formation of adventitious shoot meristems /." 1992. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3436.

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Huang, Yen-Jung, and 黃妍容. "Effects of Cutting Status and Chemical Treatments on the Rooting of Cuttings in Some Ornamental Shrubs." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46545417442543592087.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
100
Abstract For cutting propagation of ornameantal plants, cutting internal conditions and rooting promoters are most important factors which affect rooting of cuttings. This study investigated the effects of cutting conditions, rooting promoters (IBA, NAA and salicylic acid), rooting cofactors (thiamine, ascorbic acid and catechol) and a complex rooting promoter (NTU Rooting Inducer) on the rooting of cuttings in four ornamental shrubs (Duranta repens ‘Golden Leaves’, Ixora williamsii, Rhododendron pulchrum, and Camellia japonica). On the effects of cutting internal conditions, SPAD 502 and NDVI 300 (740 nm~660 nm) were used to measure chlorophyll meter reading (CMR) and leaf vegetation index (VI) of cutting leaves. Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings with higher CMR had more root numbers and longer maximum root length. Camellia japonica cuttings with higher CMR had higher rooting percentage and higher rooting stage. Various CMR of cutting leaves had no effect on rooting of Ixora williamsii cuttings. In addition, Ixora williamsii and Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings with higher VI had higher rooting stage, and also had more root numbers and longer maximum root length. Camellia japonica cuttings with higher VI had higher rooting percentage and higher rooting stage. On the effects of rooting promoters, various chemical treatments were 2000 mg‧L-1 IBA, 2000 mg‧L-1 NAA and salicylic acid (10-6 M, 10-4 M and 10-2 M). The treatment of 2000 mg‧L-1 NAA gave more root numbers, longer maximum root length and more root dry weight of Duranta repens‘Golden Leaves’ cuttings, and had longer maximum root length of Ixora williamsii cuttings. The treatment of 2000 mg‧L-1 IBA＋2000 mg‧L-1 NAA gave higher rooting percentage and higher rooting stage of Ixora williamsii cuttings, and had more root numbers of both Ixora williamsii and Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings. In addituon, salicylic acid increased root numbers in cuttings, but its effect changes as plants species. Treatment of 2000 mg‧L-1 IBA＋10-4 M salicylic acid promoted more root numbers in Duranta repens ‘Golden Leaves’, Ixora williamsii and Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings, and gave longer maximum root length and more root dry weight of Ixora williamsii cuttings. On the effects of rooting cofactors, thiamine (T) treatments showed that except treatment of 1000 mg‧L-1 thiamine had more root numbers in Camellia japonica cuttings, treatment of 2000 mg‧L-1 IBA＋800 mg‧L-1 T had more root numbers in Duranta repens, Ixora williamsii and Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings. The ascorbic acid (AA) treatments indicated that treatment of 2000 mg‧L-1 IBA＋1000 mg‧L-1 AA gave more root numbers and higher root dry weight in Duranta repens, Rhododendron pulchrumi and Camellia japonica cuttings. The catechol (C) treatments showed that treatment of 2000 mg‧L-1 IBA＋50 mg‧L-1 C had more root numbers in all four tested plant cuttings. On the effects of NTU Rooting Inducer, cuttings treated with NTU Rooting Inducer powder and solution had better rooting ability than those treated with IBA and the control. And cuttings treated with NTU Rooting Inducer solution had best rooting ability than the other treatments in Ixora williamsii, Rhododendron pulchrum, and Camellia japonica. Comparing the effect of ABT rooting powder and NTU Rooting Inducer indicated that NTU Rooting Inducer solution had better rooting ability in Duranta repens‘Golden Leaves’ and Ixora williamsii cuttings. And NTU Rooting Inducer powder and solution had more root numbers and longer maximum root length in Rhododendron pulchrum cuttings. In addition, NTU Rooting InducerⅡ had better rooting ability in Camellia japonica cuttings. In conclusion, on cutting internal factors, leaf vegetation index could be a useful index for cutting quality. On rooting promoters, cuttings treated with IBA, NAA, or salicylic acid alone, had better rooting ability than those did not be treated with any rooting promoters. The combinations of auxin and salicylic acid, or plus some rooting cofactors (such as thiamine, ascorbic acid or catechol) indicated that the combinations often had better rooting ability than single chemical. This phenomenon showed complex rooting promoter has great potential in commercial application.

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Tsai, Show-Li, and 蔡秀莉. "Effect of media and shoot treatments on rooting of tea cuttings." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20677452721531096705.

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碩士
國立中興大學
土壤環境科學系
93
Abstract Tea is one of the most important special crops in Taiwan. The main tea propagation at the present is by cutting. It is easily operated and can produce a large number of plants at the same time. However, tea trees are not easily rooted and it takes longer time to grow up. This increases cost on management and the survival rate afterward is also unstable. As a result, how to make cuttings rooted effectively is the key solution to the success tea cutting propagation. “Chin-Shin Oolong and TTES No.12”, the two most widely planted tea trees in Taiwan now, were used as cutting source in this research. They were tested with 4 methods：different soil media pH (3.8, 4.5, 5.5, 6.3); terminal shoots spreaded with 10% sucrose before cutting; IBA and 5% sucrose mixture and soil added 500μM calcium chloride. By observing the growing situation of the cuttings, we would find the influence of these four treatments on the rooting of tea cuttings. The results showed that the survival rate and rooting rate of Chin-Shin Oolong tea were increased to 91% and 82% respectively under the condition of cutting medium pH4.5 and with tea shoots spread 10% sucrose. On the other hand, the other group of TTES No.12 showed the best results. Its survival rate and rooting rate reached 100% and 94% respectively. When the soil pH was down to 4.5, these 4 methods showed no obvious different on the growth of cuttings. Therefore, proper media pH had the significant effect on the rooting condition of Chin-Shin Oolong and TTES No.12. For Chin-Shin Oolong, which was usually considered hard-rooted and low-surviving, sufficient nutrition from the mother plants might also be a factor for cuttings to grow up well. This can be used as an important reference for selecting cutting media and cutting propagation in the future.

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36

Wilson, Philip John. "Adventitious rooting in stem cuttings of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maid." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10520.

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Adventitious rooting in stem cuttings of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maid. was thought to be influenced by a putative inhibitor. In previous studies it has been usual to infer the presence of putative rooting inhibitors and promoters from the mung bean bioassay, but the possibility was raised that treatment responses in this assay could be mediated more by the concentration of the treatment solution than by the chemical identity of the solute. This appeared to be so: several solutes, including hydrochloric acid and common salt, were found to promote the rooting of mung bean cuttings when present in the treatment solution at an apparently injurous concentration. The concept of promoters and inhibitors of adventitious rooting, as constituted at present, was considered to be an unfavourable approach for further studies. Stem cuttings must contain a morphogen, broadly defined, which operates the 'switch' from stem to adventitious root. The leaves and buds of E.grandis stem cuttings did not appear to be sole sources of a morphogen (as is often assumed), but nevertheless the activity of the leaves and buds was good for rooting. This activity was reflected in the pattern of root emergence. A slight preponderance emerged from the leaf trace sectors of the stem, suggesting that the leaves and buds cause a morphogen (of unknown origin) to circulate in the cutting. The existence of a vascular morphogen was confirmed and it proved to be very mobile in the stem, suggesting that it is well distributed circumferentially at the base of the cutting rather than confined to the leaf trace sectors. It appeared to be super-abundant at the base of easy-to-root cuttings, but it was not possible to tell to what extent the morphogen was rendered accessible to the sites where roots initiate. In general, the rate of efflux from the transporting tissues, the rate of attenuation of the morphogen after efflux, and the number of potential sites for root initiation must interact on a small scale to determine rooting ability. The relative prominence of these groups of factors would be expected to vary with circumstances, for example at different locations within a single stem cutting, so the traditional concept of a limiting morphogen ('rhizocaline') is unhelpful in its simplest form. Nevertheless, the rhizocaline concept provides a starting point towards a more comprehensive view of adventitious rooting, which is required in order to predict and improve rooting ability. This view remains a remote objective because many of the factors which could be important have recieved very little attention and will be difficult to elucidate.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1988.

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Rambaran, Natasha. "Survival and rooting of selected vegetatively propagated Eucalyptus clones in relation to supplied auxin." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11199.

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Eucalyptus spp. and hybrids dominate the global plantation forestry industry, and vegetative propagation through cuttings is the preferred method for their commercial use. However, the cuttings of some species and hybrids show recalcitrance to rooting. The first aim of this study was to improve percentage rooting of three clones of E. grandis x E. nitens (Clones 1, 2 and 3) identified by a commercial nursery as having variable rooting abilities. The second was to relate their rooting responses as cuttings to their rooting responses in vitro. Minicuttings (3.5 – 4 cm in length) (hereafter referred to as cuttings) were subjected to commercial nursery propagation practices. Initial results revealed that in the absence of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs), soft (juvenile, thin diameter) cuttings survived (87 – 95%) and rooted (29 – 32%) significantly better than hard (mature, thick diameter) ones (62 – 71% survival and 2 – 8% rooting). This validated the use of soft cuttings by the nursery and all subsequent studies were conducted with soft cuttings. The other nursery practice of applying the commercial rooting powder Seradix 2 (3 g kgˉ¹ indole-3-butyric acid [IBA]) adversely affected the survival and subsequent rooting of cuttings of Clones 1 and 2. Ensuing studies investigated: 1) the effect of mode of IBA application (powder vs. liquid); 2) concentrations of Seradix (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 g kgˉ¹ IBA), applied at initial placement of cuttings and two weeks later; and 3) the influence of season on the survival and subsequent rooting of cuttings. Results showed that regardless of the mode of application, IBA significantly reduced percentage survival and rooting in cuttings of Clones 1 and 2. The delayed application of Seradix, two weeks after cuttings were initially set, resulted in a higher percentage survival and rooting than when cuttings were supplied with Seradix at initial placement. Nevertheless, the best survival for Clones 1, 2 and 3 (95%, 99% and 71%, respectively) and rooting (83%, 64% and 47%, respectively) occurred in the absence of Seradix. In addition, the survival and rooting of cuttings were seasonally variable, with particularly low rooting during winter (e.g. for Clone 1, 32%) when compared with summer (e.g. for Clone 1, 83%). Shoots from all the clones were multiplied in vitro, followed by elongation on either of two media (E1= kinetin, α-naphthalene acetic acid [NAA] and IBA; E2 = kinetin and indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]), and then rooting on 0, 0.1 or 1.0 mg 1ˉ¹ IBA. The latter were selected to typify the range of Seradix concentrations used for the cuttings (i.e. no IBA, low and high IBA concentrations). For all three clones, shoots elongated on E1 or E2 displayed high survival (> 80%) but failed to root without IBA in the rooting medium. For Clones 1, 2 and 3 the best in vitro survival (80%, 100% and 100%, respectively) and rooting (40%, 75% and 40%, respectively) occurred when shoots were elongated on E2 and rooted on 0.1 mg 1ˉ¹ IBA. However, 1.0 mg 1ˉ¹ IBA in the rooting medium severely inhibited survival (0 – 50%), irrespective of the clone or the elongation treatment used. Overall, cuttings demonstrated the best survival and rooting in the absence of exogenous IBA, which suggested that sufficient endogenous auxin was present within the shoots for successful root induction. The application of exogenous IBA may have disrupted the cuttings’ endogenous PGR balance resulting in an inhibition of survival and rooting. In vitro shoots required a low concentration of IBA (0.1 mg 1ˉ¹) in order to counteract the antagonistic effect of cytokinins that were supplied during the multiplication and elongation culture stages, and promote rhizogenesis. Essentially, both cuttings and in vitro shoots demonstrated adverse survival and rooting responses when subjected to excessively high IBA concentrations.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2013.

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38

Naidoo, Nuveshen. "Genetic and environmental factors affecting rooting in Eucalyptus grandis X Eucalyptus longirostrata hybrid cuttings." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8123.

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In clonal deployment programmes of plantation species, there is frequently the need to deploy Eucalyptus species and interspecific hybrids as rooted cuttings. However, the rooting ability of a particular species or hybrid is a major, and usually limiting, factor affecting the economics of commercial deployment. There is also significant between-species and between-family variation for this trait. Recently, Eucalyptus longirostrata was crossed with E. grandis in an effort to combine its desirable wood properties, drought tolerance and disease resistance with the latter's vigorous growth. Should progeny with these suitable characteristics be identified, there is the possibility of extending plantations to more marginal areas and increasing the quality and volume from existing plantations. An investigation was undertaken to study the rooting ability of E. grandis x E. longirostrata hybrid cuttings. The plant material was sourced from five families in seedling derived hedges at two nurseries, as well as five families coppiced from an unreplicated progeny trial planted in the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal. Their rooting ability was assessed by determining the percentage of cuttings that developed roots using two different rooting methods. The variation between and within families and clones is presented. The study shows that root strike is under moderate genetic control, with an estimate of broad-sense rooting heritability of 0.197 (S.E. = 0.070). The two nurseries used in this study used different rooting technologies, with cuttings rooted either in media (traditional method) or in air (aeroponically). The aeroponics technology was highly significantly (p<0.0001) superior, in terms of rooting success. Rooting was also highly significantly affected (p<0.0001) by the temperature at the time of cutting. Rooting success of cuttings from seedling-derived parental hedges was similar to cuttings from coppiced stumps. The consequences of the low repeatability of measurements of rooting ability, 0.187 (S.E. 0.067) by clone and 0.340 (S.E. 0.072) by ramet, which was influenced by the response to age of material and nursery conditions, is discussed. This study demonstrated that large improvements in rooting success can be made by the optimization of rooting protocols and selecting for superior genotypes, as long as the performances of genotypes are accurately assessed.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.

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39

Wallis, Jacqueline Tanya. "Recirculating hydroponic systems : evaluating cuttings yield and rooting ability of cold tolerant eucalyptus hybrids." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4347.

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In South Africa, clonal forestry of Eucalyptus and its hybrids has been implemented to increase the productivity on existing forestry lands and marginal sites and to facilitate the production of desired fibre types for timber processing operations. The cold-tolerant Eucalyptus grandis x E. nitens hybrids have produced consistently high yields, and are propagated clonally with limited success via a macro-cutting system currently in use for other hybrid species. The heart of vegetative propagation operations is the clonal hedge and its management, and nutrition in particular, is an important element of any vegetative propagation programme. However, achieving and sustaining an optimum nutritional balance in macrohedges is difficult in practice and, in order to accurately predetermine the optimum plant nutrition required all year round and to ensure optimal levels of rooting, a more controllable nutrient environment is essential. Hydroponics may facilitate this control of nutrition. At the same time it may be possible to manipulate the system to determine accurately what levels of each nutrient may contribute to the highest rooting and more importantly allow forest nursery managers to maintain those levels in a practical manner. The main aims of the present work were to obtain and compare cuttings and rooting yields from hydro-ramets in different hydroponic substrates and systems and to investigate the possible roles of essential nutrients on those parameters. Modified Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), ebb-and-flow and aeroponic tables were used in this study. The former consisted of eight individual gutters, allowing for eight different substrates to be tested simultaneously. One gutter was set up as an unmodified NFT table and the other seven gutters had gravel, Leca, peat, perlite, perlite: vermiculite mix, Rockwool® and sand as substrates; all were supplied with the same nutrient solution. Three commercial clones were used throughout these trials: GN107, GN156 and NHOO. Rooting results and data from plant elemental analyses indicated that certain elements (Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn and B) appeared to play a more important role in rooting than others (N, P, K, Mg, Na and Fe). It was also found that when comparing the hydroponic systems, the substrate and / or method of irrigation affected the availability and uptake of different nutrients, which in turn affected the rooting of coppice collected from those ramets. The rooting performance of coppice from the eight different substrates tested in the NFT system was compared. Within each of the four harvests undertaken, both clone and substrate had a significant effect on the rooting performance. However, when the four harvests were compared, only harvest number/time had a significant effect on the rooting performance of the cuttings derived from the hydro-hedges . For both the ebb-and-flow and aeroponics systems (where there was no substrate), only the clone had a significant effect on the rooting performance. In addition to this, the plants from the ebb-and-flow system produced the highest number of cuttings to be placed overall (7.9 cuttings per mother plant per harvest) while those from the gravel substrate had the highest rooting percentage overall (26.9 %). When combining these two factors into a success rate, the perlite substrate rated highest (1.7 rooted cuttings per mother plant per harvest). From a cost efficiency perspective, perlite was the most cost effective substrate, as it required the least initial capital outlay to produce one million rooted clones per year from a hydroponics system (R6 533 655). The plants in the perlite substrate also produced the highest number (6 700) of rooted cuttings per year from 1 000 mother plants with a low cost per plant (R2.33 per rooted plant).
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, 2004.

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40

Lin, Hsiao_Chun, and 林曉君. "Studies on Shoot Sprouting and Rooting of Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’ Canes and Dracaena sanderiana ‘Virens’ Cuttings." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73983707843190298906.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
92
Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’and Dracaena sanderiana ‘Virens’ have long been important foliage plants. This thesis aimed to study the effects of air temperature, root temperature, plant growth regulators, and cane length on subsequent shoot sprouting and rooting of canes or cuttings. Part of the study worked on the possibility of coir as an alternative to peat for production of Dracaenas. For Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’, day/night temperature of 30/25℃ resulted in the earliest shoot sprouting, maximum rooting percentage, root number and root dry weight. Both the 25/20℃ or 30/25℃ promoted later shoot growth while the 30/25℃ treatment produced bigger leaves whit most variegation. Leaf area and variegation were reduced with high (35/30℃) or (20/15℃) treatments. Regressing the rate of shoot sprouting against mean daily temperature showed a significant (P＜0.01) linear relationship. Rate of shoot sprouting increase linearly with increasing temperature from approximately 14.1 to 27.7℃. Both shoot and root growth were significantly reduced by low temperature of 15/13℃ or 20/15℃. Shoot sprouting was strongly retarded by storage of canes at dark at 15℃ for 30 days or growing the canes at 15/13℃ in phytotron conditions. In 30/25℃ treatment, the 6.4-cm diameter canes had greater root number, leaf area and leaf dry weight as compared with 4.6-cm canes. For Dracaena sanderiana ‘Virens’, both the 25/20℃ and 30/25℃ promoted later shoot growth, but significantly reduced with 20/15℃ and 35/30℃. Low temperature of 15/13℃ treatment decreased leaf number and resulted in leaf chlorosis expressed as chilling injury. Low root temperature in the winter inhibited shoot sprouting and rooting of canes or cuttings. For cane lengths of 35, 65, and 110 cm, root temperature of 25℃ resulted in greater root percentage, root number, root length and later shoot growth as compared with 17℃, 29℃, and 33℃. Both the 29℃ and 33℃ treatments reduced root number and growth. Increasing root temperature to 29℃ enhanced number of shoot sprouting in lower nodes of both lengths of 35 and 65 - cm of canes. The optimal root temperature was 25℃ for cane lengths of 35, 65, and 110 - cm of Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’. During winter, earlier rooting by two weeks of Dracaena sanderiana ‘Virens’ cuttings was recorded with bottom heat to 25 or 29℃, as compared with unheated control. After 10 weeks, root temperatures of 25℃ or 29℃ resulted in greater root dry weight, root number, root length and number of later shoot compared to unheated controls. However, root temperature of 25℃ treatment resulted in greater root dry weight than did the 29℃ treatment, which could be supraoptimal. Both the root and shoot growth were obtained with root temperature of 25℃for 6 weeks. For Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’, appling 100, 250, and 500 ppm IBA or BA had no significant effect on number of later shoots. In contrast, for Dracaena sanderiana ‘Virens’, rooting was enhanced with 250 and 500 ppm IBA treatments, as compared with 0 ppm IBA treatment. For Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’, rooting of 35 - cm long cane was lower than those of 65 and 110 — cm long canes. Cane length shorter than 20 cm did not root after planting for 3 months. The cane length ranged from 10 to 110 cm had approximate three later shoots, while the 5 — cm long cane did not sprout any later shoots. Using 25% to 50% of coir dust or peat in the potting mix result in nonsignificant growth of Dracaena fragrans ‘Massangeana’, suggesting that coir dust could be an alternative to peat.

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41

Rosier, Christopher L. "Factors affecting the rooting of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) and Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana) stem cuttings." 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04292003-110435/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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42

Sreedhar, Chemuturi. "Investigations on the bio-chemical basis of rooting and clonal compatiablity in grafting of fresh cuttings of tea." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/2147.

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43

Dreps, Heather Blake. "Production system factors affecting rooting and subsequent performance of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) cuttings for outplanting." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03062007-110710/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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44

Rapaka, Vijaya Kumar [Verfasser]. "Rooting capacity of Pelargonium cuttings with special regard to carbohydrate availability and photosynthetic performance / von Vijaya Kumar Rapaka." 2004. http://d-nb.info/972131469/34.

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45

Ziganira, Matabaro. "Influence of stockplant management on yield and subsequent rooting of cuttings of cold-tolerant Eucalyptus grandis x E. nitens clones." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8654.

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Clones of the Eucalyptus grandis x Eucayptus nitens (GN) hybrids were produced and selected through the CSIR‟s breeding programmes for colder plantation sites in South Africa. Some GN clones consistently exhibit high and superior pulp properties, which makes them valuable for commercial plantations in South Africa. In nurseries, stockplants are usually seven cm in length and maintained at high (100 x1.5 m-2) planting density. However, rooting frequency varies with season and little is known about the impact of position of cuttings on overall rooting frequency of a clone. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of size and planting density of stockplants in mini-hedges, on the yield and subsequent rooting of cuttings from various positions of GN clones of known rooting potential (i.e. GN 018B: difficult-to-root and PP 2107: easy-to-root clones). Stockplants (10 cm vs. 20 cm) were established at high (100 x 1.5 m-2) and at low (25 x 1.5 m-2) densities for GN 018B and PP 2107 under commercial nursery conditions in a polyethylene tunnel. Cuttings were harvested every two to three weeks in September-October 2010 (spring), December 2010-January 2011 (summer), April-May 2011 (autumn) and June-July 2011 (winter). The harvested material was 5 – 7 cm in length and the light intensity received by individual stockplants at the two planting density levels was recorded. Harvested cuttings from the three positions (apical, middle and basal shoots) were used for: (i) rooting experiments under nursery conditions, (ii) bio-stimulant analysis using the mung bean bioassay, and (iii) analysis of soluble sugars. Between spring and summer 2010, the two GN clones established at low density yielded a similar number of cuttings, but differences in the rooting frequencies were significant in favour of PP 2107 clone. Similar observations were made at high density in terms of production of cuttings, but the significant differences in the rooting observations were reversed between the clones. The GN 018B clone had low rooting rates in summer under nursery conditions but its tissue extracts promoted higher rooting in the bioassay during that time, when compared to spring. Spring and summer had similar effects on rooting responses of PP 2107 cuttings in nursery and bioassay experiments. For both clones, short stockplants produced fewer cuttings but had a higher rooting frequency than cuttings from tall stockplants, with a high rooting frequency recorded from basal cuttings. Similar results were observed in the bioassay experiments which showed high rooting potential of mung bean hypocotyls cuttings using tissue extracts of PP 2107 cuttings maintained at high planting density. Although apical cutting tissues had high concentration of sugars (i.e. sucrose, glucose and fructose), their rooting rates were usually lower at high and low planting density compared to middle and basal cuttings. Sucrose concentration was the highest sugar present in stockplants grown under low planting density. A higher and lower rooting frequency was also observed in autumn although the two clones responded differently to Quambalaria eucalypti (Sporothrix eucalypti) disease infestations. Position, size and genotype had a significant impact on type and concentration of sugar (i.e. sucrose, glucose and fructose), particularly in PP 2107 clone, although rooting rates in the bioassay did not correlate with sugar contents of Eucalyptus cuttings. High carbohydrate (i.e. soluble sugar) content and auxin concentration increased production and subsequent rooting of cuttings across both clones, particularly in spring. Furthermore, rooting was enhanced by relatively higher light intensity intercepted by individual stockplants and in particular the GN 018B clone. Light intensity in the high and low planting densities caused variation in the rooting frequencies thereby increasing or decreasing soluble sugar and auxin concentrations of the two clones. Light intensity and fertiliser concentration received by tall and short stockplants impacted on endogenous hormone levels thereby increasing or decreasing rooting. High sugar concentration levels of PP 2107 clone increased its susceptibility to fungal infection thereby decreasing its rooting frequency in autumn, as its rooting rates increased in winter. Overall results of the investigation revealed that PP 2107 clone has higher rooting potential than GN 018B clone, in particular at high planting density and if stockplants are not infected by fungal diseases. Higher sugar levels were recorded in spring for PP 2107, although rooting rates of mung bean hypocotyl cuttings were higher in summer for GN 018B, suggesting that sugars have nothing to do with rooting of GN cuttings. Season, planting density and size of stockplants affect the rooting frequency of GN clone. Thus, short stockplants maintained at low and high planting densities are recommended for GN 018B and PP 2107 respectively, although the impacts of fertilisers and pathogen resistance on rooting rates still need to be investigated under similar conditions.
Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

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46

Brazão, João do Sacramento Andrade. "Enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de variedades de videira (Vitis vinifera L.)." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1942.

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Mestrado em Viticultura e Enologia - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
From the massal and clonal selection of grapevine developed in Portugal for the last 30 years, clones of several varieties with high genetic potential were obtained, which are currently used for multiplication to produce basic and certificate materials. In order to allow the rapid multiplication of selected clones of grapevine, this work evaluate the influence of the cutting types (basal, middle and terminal), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) concentrations (0, 10 and 100 mg/L) and varieties (Arinto, Malvasia Fina, and Aragonez Trincadeira) on the rooting of softwood cuttings. At the same time, this work also tried to estimate the gain in material production for the vegetative propagation of grapevine through the use of softwood cutting when compared to the classical process of multiplication. Cutting type, NAA concentration and variety have affected the percentage of rooting, and only for terminal cuttings, cuttings treated with the concentration of 100 mg/L and the variety Malvasia Fina the results were significantly lower. Finally, results have indicated that the use of softwood cuttings allowed to obtain a significantly higher number of buds/vine scions than produced by conventional process.-------------------------------------Os trabalhos de selecção massal e clonal da videira desenvolvidos em Portugal, nos últimos 30 anos, conduziram à obtenção de clones de várias castas com elevado potencial genético, actualmente em multiplicação para a produção de materiais base e certificado. Tendo em vista a multiplicação acelerada desses clones, o presente trabalho teve como principal objectivo estudar a influência do tipo de estaca (basal, média e terminal), da concentração de ácido naftalenoacético (ANA, 0, 10 e 100 mg/L) e da casta (Arinto, Malvasia Fina, Aragonez e Trincadeira), no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas. Paralelamente, procurou-se estimar o ganho da produção de material de propagação vegetativa de videira mediante a utilização de estacaria semilenhosa quando comparado com o processo de multiplicação clássico. Os factores tipo de estaca, concentração de auxina e casta influenciaram a percentagem de enraizamento, tendo-se verificado resultados significativamente inferiores nas estacas terminais, nas estacas tratadas com 100 mg/L de ANA e na casta Malvasia Fina, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que a estacaria semilenhosa permite a obtenção de uma quantidade de gomos/garfos de videira significativamente superior à produzida pelo processo clássico.

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47

Chen, Yi-Ching, and 陳怡靜. "Effects of Temperature, Shading, Nitrogen and Potassium, and Storage on Growth and rooting of Dendranthema ×grandiflora Stock and Cuttings." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10076522746587057556.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
94
Summary Effects of growth temperature, shading level, nitrogen and potassium supply concentration, and storage were studied on growth of pot mum [Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura]. To evaluate effects of nitrogen supply concentrations and temperature on growth, plants of ‘Blush’ were grown at three different day/night temperatures of 30/25℃, 25/20℃, and 20/15℃ and with 8, 16, and 24 mM nitrogen supply. Poor growth performance of stocks and stem hardness of cuttings were recorded in plants at 30/25℃ regardless of nitrogen supply concentration. High temperature at 30/25℃ appeared a limiting factor of stock growth. However, more root number and root length of cuttings were measured in plants at 30/25℃ with 16 and 24 mM nitrogen supply than at 8 mM nitrogen supply. To evaluate effects of nitrogen supply concentrations and shading level on growth, plants of ‘Stoplight’ were grown at 0% or 40% shadings with 8, 16, and 24 mM nitrogen supply during autumn and winter. Stocks at 40% shading exhibited in poor growth regardless of nitrogen supply concentrations, indicating low light intensity a limiting factor of stock growth during autumn and winter. Better rooting performance was recorded in cuttings at 40% shading with 16 mM nitrogen, or 0% shade with 24 mM nitrogen. Root dry weight of cuttings and stem and leaf sucrose: starch ratio increased, while leaf starch concentration decreased, with increasing leaf nitrogen concentration in stock plants. To evaluate effects of nitrogen and potassium supply concentrations on growth and rooting of cuttings, plants of ‘Iridon’ and ‘Millennium’ were grown at 16 and 24 mM nitrogen combined with 2, 5, and 8 mM potassium. Minimum cutting yield was recorded in no fertilizer treatment. Maximum rooting was found in cuttings at 24 mM nitrogen with 8 mM potassium. Root dry weight, sucrose: starch ratio increased, while leaf starch concentration decreased, with increasing leaf nitrogen concentration in ‘Iridon’ stock plants. To evaluate effects of the days of storage on rooting performance of cuttings, the cuttings of ‘Midorimaru’ and ‘Peacock’ were stored at 5℃ for 0 to 21 days in the dark. Rooting was improved in cuttings after stored for 8 and 12 days. To evaluated the effects of nitrogen and potassium supply concentration on stock growth, plants of ‘Blush’ were supplied with 16 and 24 mM nitrogen with 2 and 5 mM potassium. Cuttings were harvested on five occasions from all individual plots, and then stored at 5℃ for 0, 4, and 12 days in the dark. No fertilization decreased growth of stock and shoot: root ratio. Storage decreased starch and sucrose concentrations and increased glucose and fructose concentrations. Lower initial sugar levels were found in the cuttings that had been collected from the 24 mM nitrogen, and starch concentration decreased more rapidly after storage. However, higher fructose concentration was measured in the cuttings that had been colleted from the 24 mM nitrogen after stored for 12 days. After stored for 12 days, higher glucose and fructose concentrations were found in cuttings at 5 mM potassium. Rooting was measured in unstored cuttings at 24 mM nitrogen.

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48

"Latex of Sciadopitys verticillata(Thunb.) Siebold and Zuccarini: Antibiotic Properties, Phytochemistry, and Inhibition of Adventitious Rooting Of Stem Cuttings." East Tennessee State University, 2006. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0629106-131739/.

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49

Lin, Jing-Yi, and 林靜宜. "Effects of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on Rooting and Growth of Cuttings of Cinnamomum kanehirae and Air-layering Branches of Bauhinia ´ blakeana." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59243228717072160401.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立嘉義大學
森林暨自然資源研究所
94
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on rooting and growth of cuttings of Cinnamomum kanehirae and air-layering branches of Bauhinia × blakeana. Cuttings were collected from 12-year-old ortet, and treated with different concentrations (3.75 × 104 and 3.75 × 108 cells/mL) of 2 strains of A. rhizogenes (R15721, R15011), 2000 ppm IBA (indolebutyric acid), and the control to induce rooting. Different concentrations (3.75 × 104 and 3.75 × 108 cells/mL) of 2 strains of A. rhizogenes (R15010, R15011), 2000 ppm IBA (indolebutyric acid), and the control treatment were applied to the air-layering branches of Bauhinia �e blakeana. The results indicated that A. rhizogenes had significant effect on the seedling’s growth of C. kanehirae and B. × blakeana. Inoculated seedlings were significantly enhanced in rooting number, rooting length, net height growth, net root collar diameter growth, total dry weight, S/R ratio, leaf area, leaf number and chlorophyll concentrations. After 9 months of C. kanehirae and 4 months of B. × blakeana to determine the rooting percentage, numbers of roots, total root length, and growth performance. The results showed that root numbers and total root length of cuttings treated with IBA and A. rhizogenes were greater than those of the control ones. Cuttings of C. kanehirae treated with A. rhizogenes R15011 at 3.75 × 108 cells/mL attained an average root numbers of 13.24 ± 0.14/cutting, which was 2 times that of 5.92 ± 0.06/cutting of the control ones. Cuttings treated with A. rhizogenes R15011 at 3.75 × 108 cells/mL attained an average root length of 27.54 ± 0.12 cm/cutting, which was 2.5 times that of 11.38 ± 0.09 cm/cutting of the control ones. After 9 months, cutting seedlings treated with A. rhizogenes R15011 at 3.75 × 108 cells/mL had the highest average total dry weight of 4.76 ± 0.05 g, which was 1.5 times that of the control ones with an average of 3.12 ± 0.03 g. This study demonstrated that A. rhizogenes can stimulate rooting of cuttings and growth of seedlings of C. kanehirae. For air-layering of B. × blakeana, the results showed that A. rhizogenes and IBA treatments had better effects on the timing of inducing rooting of branches than the control ones. IBA treatment induced rooting in 15 days. A. rhizogenes treatment induced rooting in 25 days. However, only some of the control ones rooted in 32 days. In terms of effects on the rooting percentage, root number per branch, and total root length, A. rhizogenes treatment was the best, IBA ranked second, and the control was the last. This study demonstrated that A. rhizogenes can promote rooting and growth of cuttings of C. kanehirae and air-layering branches of B. × blakeana effectively. 【Key words】Agrobacterium rhizogenes, Bauhinia × blakeana, Cinnamomum kanehirae, cutting, air-layering

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50

Hsu, Pi-Hui, and 徐碧徽. "Effects of Short-term Storage, and Shading, Nitrogen and Potassium Concentration of Stock Plants on Rooting and Growth of Chrysanthemum Cuttings." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94017210860029063533.

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Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學研究所
92
Effects of short-term storage, shading and nitrogen-potassium treatments of stock plants on rooting and growth of chrysanthemum cuttings were studied. Cuttings of eleven chrysanthemum cultivars were stored at 5 and 15℃ for 0 to 21 days in the dark. Three groups could be classified according to their changes in root dry weight with storage treatments. Group I contained ‘Hua-Yu-Dieng’, ‘Bai-Dong-Yang’, ‘Shi-Gie -Yi’, ‘Ho-Lan-Bi’, ‘Hua-Shi- Gie’, ‘Gin-Fon-Cher’, ‘Huang-Shiou-Fan’, and ‘Wu-Fon-Cher’. Root dry weight increased in Group I cuttings after having stored for two days, and then decreased with storage period extended. However, their root dry weights were still higher than unstored cuttings after storage for 21 days. Group II contained ‘Hon-Mei-Zen’ and ‘Har-Lei’ cultivars which could be short-term stored. Their root dry weights increased after storage for two days but decreased after 21 days. Group III contained ‘Hei-Shin-Huang’ cultivar, with reduced root dry weight after storage. 　　Root number and root dry weight of ‘Huang-Gin-Ging’ and ‘Chi- Hsiang-Fen’ cuttings were increased after having stored at 5℃ for 4 to 8 days. Storage also accelerated root development in that root length increased with increasing storage duration. Shoot dry weight and leaf SPAD value decreased with storage period extended. Cuttings had little rooting when their leaf SPAD value was below 15 during storage. Therefore, this nondestructive, in situ, chlorophyll meter could aid in monitoring rooting status of chrysanthemum cuttings after storage. The cultivar ‘Huang-Gin- Ging’ flowered earlier, with fewer leaf number below the inflorescence and shorter length. 　　Cultivars ‘Shi-Gie-Yi’ and ‘Wu-Fon-Cher’ could be stored at 2 to 8℃ up to 28 days, with increases in root growth and development. In contrast, cultivars ‘Huang-Shiou-Fan’, ‘Hua-Shi-Gie’, ‘Bai-Dong-Yang’, and ‘Hua-Yu-Dieng’ could be stored at 2 to 8℃ for 8 days only. For cuttings stored at 11 to 24℃, maximum root dry weight occurred at storage for 2 to 8 days, and their root dry weights decreased gradually as storage duration increased. Regressions of leaf SPAD value in cuttings during storage on subsequent root dry weights showed significant curvilinear relationships in cultivars ‘Shi-Gie-Yi’ , ‘Wu-Fon-Cher’ ,‘Huang-Shiou-Fan’, ‘Hua-Shi-Gie’, ‘Bai- Dong-Yang’, and ‘Hua-Yu-Dieng’. The subsequent root dry weights were linearly correlated with their associated shoot dry weights. 　　The cultivar ‘Hei-Shing-Huang’ had lower water content, SPAD value, and sucrose/starch ratio, but higher relative injury during storage than cultivars ‘Hua-Yu-Dieng’ and ‘Har-Lei’. In ‘Hei-Shing-Huang’, the unstored or short-term (5℃ for 1 day) stored cuttings had higher transpiration and stomatal conductivity. These characteristics could explain why the cultivar ‘Hei-Shing-Huang’ exhibited poor storage ability. Measurements of water content, SPAD value and relate injury during storage could be as reliable indices for determining cutting storability in chrysanthemum. 　　Stock plants of the cultivars ‘Huang-Shiou-Fan’ and ‘Hua-Shi- Gie’ without shading produced cuttings with dark green leaves. However, there was no significant effect for rooting between the 0% and 50% shading treatments. Cuttings of cultivar ‘Hua-Shi-Gie’ taken from stocks under 50% shading had more root number than those from the unshaded stocks. 　　Stock plants of ‘Huang-Shiou-Fan’ treated with 16 mM nitrogen and 5 mM potassium produced more cuttings, which showed better visual quality and rooting. Further increases in nitrogen and potassium concentration did not increase the yield and root number of cuttings. The cutting yield from stock plants and root number of cuttings were largely affected by nitrogen concentration treatments.

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