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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rope. Textile fibers, Synthetic

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rope. Textile fibers, Synthetic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rope. Textile fibers, Synthetic"

1

Buschle-Diller, Gisela. "Scanning Electron Micrsocopy of Various Natural Textile Fibers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 834–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600024296.

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Plant fibers such as cotton, hemp and flax have been cultivated for textile purposes for thousands of years. These natural fibers play an important role in daily life as apparel fibers since they provide unique comfort properties unsurpassed by synthetic fibers. However, their use is not limited to the apparel sector. In recent years the market share of consumer textiles and industrial products made from all kinds of natural fibers has tremendously increased as they present a valuable source of renewable raw materials. Investigating their surface features by microscopic techniques is important to control the performance of the desired end-product. Processing steps involving heat, light or exposure to chemicals might have a significant impact on the specific surface properties of a fiber whether or not this was originally intended. Scanning electron microscopy is therefore a very useful tool for the characterization of textile products to determine the effectiveness and eventual resulting damage from physical or chemical treatments.

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Nguyen, Giang, Joanna Grzybowska-Pietras, and Jan Broda. "Application of Innovative Ropes from Textile Waste as an Anti-Erosion Measure." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051179.

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Using materials from recycling is a key part of decreasing present-day waste. It is optimal for recycled material to be used in environmental protection. This paper presents the application of geotextile ropes in erosion protection of a slope of a gravel pit. To protect the slope, thick ropes with a diameter of 120 mm made from wool and a mixture of recycled natural and synthetic fibers were used. After 47 months from installation, soil and rope specimens were taken from the slope parts with inclinations 1:1 and 1:1.8, and their physical and mechanical properties were determined. Direct shear tests were applied to determine the soil shear strength parameters in state at sampling and at Ic = 0 (unconsolidated and consolidated). Based on the obtained soil shear strength parameters, the loads on the ropes were determined, taking into account also unfavorable hydraulic conditions and compared to rope strength. It was shown that even after 47 months from installation, rope tension strength was higher as tension forces were induced in the ropes in every case. At present, whole slopes in protected sections are stabilized, without rills and gullies.

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Simion Beldean-Galea, Mihail, Florina-Maria Copaciu, and Maria-Virginia Coman. "Chromatographic Analysis of Textile Dyes." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 1353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0066.

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Abstract The textile industry uses many raw materials (natural and synthetic dyes and fibers) and different dyeing techniques that can be considered important pollutants with a negative impact on the environment (toxic working conditions, discharged wastewater, and contamination). Although synthetic dyes are intensively used, offer a wide range of colors and hues and properties of adhesion, longevity, and resistance to sunshine and chemical processes, and are cost-effective, they have begun to be restricted by many textile producers because they are nonbiodegradable and have toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects that generate some imbalances in plant, animal, and human life. Natural dyes of plant and animal origin exhibit very good tolerance to washing, rubbing, and light and are biodegradable and nontoxic; these properties have led to a call for the renewed use of these dyes. Modern analytical techniques (solid-phase extraction, spectrophotometry, HPLC, HPTLC, capillary electrophoresis) with different spectroscopy (UV-Vis, diode-array detection, pulsed amperometric detection) and/or MS/tandem mass spectrometry detectors have an important role in the textile industry in obtaining essential information about dyeing techniques, material origin, historical trade routes of ancient textiles, and environmental pollution. For this purpose, isolation, separation, and quantification methods of natural and synthetic textile dyes from various matrices (ancient and modern fabrics, water, biota, etc.) are presented.

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Acharya, Sanjit, Shaida S. Rumi, Yang Hu, and Noureddine Abidi. "Microfibers from synthetic textiles as a major source of microplastics in the environment: A review." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 17-18 (February 4, 2021): 2136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517521991244.

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Microplastic fibers, also known as microfibers, are the most abundant microplastic forms found in the environment. Microfibers are released in massive numbers from textile garments during home laundering via sewage effluents and/or sludge. This review presents and discusses the importance of synthetic textile-based microfibers as a source of microplastics. Studies focused on their release during laundering were reviewed, and factors affecting microfiber release from textiles and the putative role of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as a pathway of their release in the environment were examined and discussed. Moreover, potential adverse effects of microfibers on marine and aquatic biota and human health were briefly reviewed. Studies show that thousands of microfibers are released from textile garments during laundering. Different factors, such as fabric type and detergent, impact the release of microfibers. However, a relatively smaller number of available studies and often conflicting findings among studies make it harder to establish definitive trends related to important factors contributing to the release of microfibers. Even though current WWTPs are highly effective in capturing microfibers, due to the presence of a massive number of microfibers in the influent, up to billions of fibers per day are released through effluent into the environment. There is a need to establish standardized protocols and procedures that can allow meaningful comparisons among studies to be performed.

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Arfah, Andriana, Saldy Yusuf, and Yuliana Syam. "The Role of Textiles in Controlling Microclimate to Prevent Pressure Injury." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.3.2.2020.81-89.

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Pressure injury (PI) is still a problem in health and home care both in developing and developed countries. PI is important to prevent because it has an impact on the physical, psychological, social, and economic aspects of the patient. One of the preventions of pressure injury is to choose the right textile, therefore this literature review aims to identify the right textile and can control microclimate in preventing PI. The Method used by searching the literature of scientific publications in the time of years between 2009-2019 using database Pubmed, Science Direct, Willey Online Library, Cochrane Library dan Google Scholar, there were 2.152 articles. The results of the literature review found six articles that fit the inclusion criteria and related to the use of textiles that can control microclimate in preventing pressure injury including textiles made from synthetic fabrics of silk, polyester, and synthetic fiber. Synthetic fiber textiles are best used as bedding because they control microclimate and reduce friction that can prevent the development of pressure injury.

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Yusof, Yusri, and Siti Asia Binti Yahya. "Pineapple Leaf Fiber as a New Potential Natural Fiber in Rope Making." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.628.

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The current development of new potential fibers is widening the areas of application. One of the current potential fibers developed is pineapple leaf fiber (PALF). PALF have been widely used as a raw material for pulp and paper making industry in Malaysia recently. Due to its enhanced properties, PALF now is commercialized as an alternative textile fiber. PALF is one of the high textile grade fibers which are commonly extracted by decorticator machine. PALF is silky, fine and textile grade. Hence, it has been widely used to make apparel. Apart from being used as an alternative fiber for home textile and apparel, PALF meet the basic requirement to be used as technical fibers. This paper presented the possibility of PALF utilization as technical fibers in rope making. PALF have similarity properties with others natural rope fibers and its can be spun into rope yarn. Instead of having a good strength, PALF also have a reasonable length as well as can be pliable. All of these are the main principle of rope making fibers. As PALF have meet this entire requirement, it can be said that its have huge potential to be used as rope making fibers.

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Yahya, Siti Asia, and Yusri Yusof. "Utilization of Pineapple Leaf Fiber as Technical Fibers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.112.

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Nowadays, pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is getting more attention in research area since its showed the enhanced properties to be utilized in few industries. From the previous studies, it has been proved that, PALF is mechanically sound as a composites reinforcement agent and its showed the good contribution in pulp and papermaking production. Due to its enhanced properties, PALF now is commercialized as an alternative textile fiber. PALF is silky, fine and textile grade. Apart from being used as an alternative fiber for home textile and apparel, PALF meet the basic requirement to be used as technical fibers. Instead of having a good strength, PALF also have a reasonable length as well as can be pliable. All of these are the main principle of rope making fibers hence make PALF have huge potential to be used as rope making fibers. This paper will present the possibility of converting PALF into textile yarns and then into rope yarns for cordage and rope making. The methodology involved is included PALF extraction, PALF spinning, and PALF twisting. Finally, this paper will present the expected approached for the upcoming work area.

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Oinam Roselyn Devi. "New Sustainable Fibres and their application in Textiles: A Review." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 16, 2020): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s22.

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Presently, sustainability became a key mantra in all the industries across the world, especially the textile sector as it is one of the largest industries in the world. In textile science, natural fibres have a big role in a sustainable environment-friendly future and became a significant topic to exploit a new natural resource which is green and environment-friendly. Considering this, fibres from various sources were explored by many researchers for its potentialities in improving the quality of life around the world. Aloe vera, banana, sisal, hemp, jute, bamboo, milk fibre, corn, soya, groundnut shell, arecanut, coffee bean waste, lyocell and eucalyptus were few among them. Each year, more synthetic fibres and high energy-consuming products are being replaced by natural-fiber-based products. Additionally, natural fibres have been used not only for clothing but also for technical applications such as composite materials, building materials, filtration and insulation materials. The reason for this trend is not only due to increase environmental awareness but also because of its excellent properties, such as lightweight, strength, low costs and simple sourcing. Meanwhile,waste utilization became one of the important and challengeable jobs around the world. The Textile industry has obtained many fibres from bioresource waste as an important step toward sustainable development. As for example, Pinafibre is a minor fibre obtained from waste pineapple leaves. The study attempted to review some of the selected new sustainable fibres from waste materials and their application in textiles.

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Hayashi, Seishu, and Yoshihisa Danmoto. "High-Tech Synthetic Fibers for Textile." Kobunshi 42, no. 8 (1993): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.42.660.

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Ning, Fanggang, Xiaoru Li, Nick O. Hear, Rong Zhou, Chuan Shi, and Xin Ning. "Thermal failure mechanism of fiber ropes when bent over sheaves." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 7 (April 9, 2018): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518767147.

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Thermal damage is an important failure mechanism that affects the bending failure of fiber ropes. This is relevant because synthetic fibers often have a relatively low melting point and low thermal conductivity. In cyclic bending over sheave (CBOS), the heat generated by friction and deformation is not conducted rapidly to the external environment, and the temperature of the rope core increases quickly. This higher temperature greatly reduces the mechanical properties of the fiber, thus accelerating the final rope failure. In this paper, evidence of thermal damage in the bending process of a braided synthetic fiber rope is given. The test conditions inducing thermal damage are discussed, including stress level, bending frequency and diameter ratio. The reasons for the heat generation and the dynamic process of heat accumulation inside the rope during CBOS are also discussed. This study aims to provide theoretical and experimental guidance for the design and use of fiber rope.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rope. Textile fibers, Synthetic"

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Hong, Joohyun. "Structure-process-property relationships in polyester spun yarns : the role of fiber friction." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10118.

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Ramesh, Ram Kumar. "Solution-based formation of continuous SiC fibers." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11130.

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Perkins, Cheryl Anne. "Physical characterization of meltblown fibers." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10986.

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Zhang, Yi. "Solution studies on soybean protein for fiber spinning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10287.

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Laton, Michael A. "Behavior of twisted fiber bundles under dynamic testing conditions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8586.

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Tshifularo, Cyrus Alushavhiwi. "Comparative performance of natural and synthetic fibre nonwoven geotextiles." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/21362.

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The aim of this work was to establish a range of suitable process parameters which can be utilized to produce needlepunched nonwoven fabrics for geotextile applications. Nonwoven fabrics were produced from 100% PP, a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf and 100% kenaf fibres. The depths of needle penetration of 4, 7 and 10 mm, stroke frequencies of 250, 350 and 450 strokes/min and mass per unit area of 300, 600 and 900 g/m2 were utilized for producing the fabrics, on a Dilo loom. The effect of depth of needle penetration, stroke frequency and mass per unit area on the fabric properties, namely, tensile strength, puncture resistance, pore size, water permeability and transmissivity were analysed. In addition, the effect of chemicals, namely, 10% ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), 10% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 3% sulphuric acid (H2SO4) solutions on degradation of the fabric was also studied. The results have shown that density, thickness and nominal weight of the needlepunched nonwoven fabrics were related to each other and they were influenced by stroke frequency, depth of needle penetration and feed rate of the needlepunching process. The increase in nominal weight of the fabrics also increases thickness and density of the fabrics. The tensile strength and puncture resistance of the fabrics increased with the increases in stroke frequency, depth of needle penetration and fabric mass per unit area. However, lower tensile strength and puncture resistance were achieved in the fabrics produced at lower stroke frequency, lower depth of needle penetration and lower mass per unit area. Bigger pores were resulted in the fabrics produced at lower stroke frequency, lower depth of needle penetration and lower mass per unit area, however, pore size decreased with increases in stroke frequency, depth of needle penetration and mass per unit area. Water permeability depends on the pore size, properties of the fibres, stroke frequency, depth of needle penetration and mass per unit area. Higher tensile strength and higher puncture resistance were achieved in the needlepunched nonwoven fabrics produced from 100% PP fibres, therefore, they are suitable for some load-bearing geotextile applications, such as reinforcement and separation. However, higher water permeability was achieved in the fabrics produced from 100% kenaf fibres, therefore, they are ideal for geotextile applications where good water permeability is required. Higher values for transmissivity were obtained in the fabrics produced from a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf fibres, therefore they are suitable for drainage applications. The fabrics produced from a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf fibres achieved better values of tensile strength, puncture resistance, pore size and water permeability in comparison to that produced from 100% PP and 100% kenaf fibres. However, better tensile strength and puncture resistance were achieved in the fabrics produced from 100% PP fibres and bigger pore size and higher water permeability were achieved in the fabrics produced from 100% kenaf fibres. Therefore, it can be suggested that the nonwoven fabrics produced from a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf fibres can fulfil almost all requirements of geotextile applications, such as, filtration, separation, reinforcement and drainage. The fabrics produced from 100% PP fibres were not damaged or deteriorated when treated with all the three chemicals due to chemical inertness of polypropylene. However, the fabrics produced from a blend of 50/50% PP/kenaf and 100% kenaf fibres were damaged and deteriorated when treated with H2SO4.

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Miller, Leah Margaret. "Characterization of extended chain polyethylene/S-2 glass, interply hybrid, fabric composites." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8623.

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Yang, Fang. "Synthesis and characterization of star-like poly(p-hydroxybenzoic acid)-co-poly(m-hydroxybenzoic acid-co-poly(2-hydroxy-6-napthoic acid)." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8711.

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Gilmore, Laurie Ann. "Chlorination of synthetic dyes and synthetic brighteners." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20794.

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Reddy, Srinath. "Structure and properties of melt spun poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) fibers." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10204.

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Books on the topic "Rope. Textile fibers, Synthetic"

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O, Phillips Glyn, ed. New fibers. 2nd ed. Cambridge, England: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 1997.

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Sawbridge, Maureen. Textile fibres under the microscope. Didsbury, Manchester, England: Shirley Institute, 1987.

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Koester, Ardis W. New developments in microdenier fibers and fabrics. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1992.

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Fiber science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995.

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Fourné, Franz. Synthetic fibers: Machines and equipment, manufacture, properties : handbook for plant engineering, machine design, and operation. Cincinnati, OH: Hanser/Gardner Publications, 1998.

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United States International Trade Commission. Aramid fiber formed of poly para-phenylene terephthalamide from the Netherlands. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1994.

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Commission, United States International Trade. Aramid fiber formed of poly para-phenylene terephthalamide from the Netherlands. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1993.

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8

Demir, Ali. Synthetic filament yarn: Texturing technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997.

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9

M, Behery H., ed. Synthetic filament yarn: Texturing technology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997.

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10

Viv, Arthur, ed. Between the sheets with Angelina: A workbook for fusible fibres. Evesham: Word4word, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rope. Textile fibers, Synthetic"

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"Synthetic Fibers." In Textile Fiber Microscopy, 123–60. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119320029.ch5.

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Chen, J. "Synthetic Textile Fibers." In Textiles and Fashion, 79–95. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-84569-931-4.00004-0.

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Choudhury, Asim Kumar Roy. "Flame Retardancy of Synthetic Fibers." In Flame Retardants for Textile Materials, 353–82. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429032318-9.

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Kajiwara, K., and Y. Ohta. "Synthetic textile fibers: structure, characteristics and identification." In Identification of Textile Fibers, 68–87. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845695651.1.68.

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Mogahzy, Y. "Friction and surface characteristics of synthetic fibers." In Friction in Textile Materials. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439832844.ch8.

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MOGAHZY, YEEL. "Friction and surface characteristics of synthetic fibers." In Friction in Textile Materials, 292–328. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845694722.2.292.

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"Forensic Examination of Synthetic Textile Fibers by Microscopic Infrared Spectrometry." In Practical Guide to Infrared Microspectroscopy, 259–300. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273304-11.

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Puchowicz, Dorota, and Malgorzata Cieslak. "Raman Spectroscopy in the Analysis of Textile Structures." In Recent Developments in Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy for Materials Characterization [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99731.

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Raman spectroscopy as a non-destructive technique is very often used to analyze a historic or forensic material. It is also a very valuable method of testing textile materials, especially modified and functionalized. In the case of textiles, the advantages of this technique is the compatibility inter alia with FTIR, which is helpful in natural fibers identification or to distinguish between isomers and conformers of synthetic fibers. The work shows the possibility of special application of the Raman spectroscopy to the characterization of textile materials after modification and functionalization with nanoparticles. A functionalized textile structure with a metallic surface can provide a good basis for analytical studies using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy as it was presented on the example of wool, cotton and aramid fibers.

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Skinner, H. Catherine W., Malcolm Ross, and Clifford Frondel. "What Is an Inorganic Fiber?" In Asbestos and Other Fibrous Materials. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195039672.003.0004.

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Fibers are everywhere around us. They are essential parts of the human body, our hair, for example; the threads in our clothing, natural or synthetic; the insulation in our houses. Natural fibers have been useful to humans for more than ten thousand years. They were mixed with clay before firing to strengthen and reinforce pottery vessels, making them more durable. Textiles that combined the fibers of flax and asbestos were known in ancient times for their seemingly magical resistance to fire and decay. It was industrialization, however, that caused a dramatic increase in the use of natural inorganic or mineral fibers. By the late nineteenth century asbestos had become an important commodity with a variety of commercial applications. It served as insulation to control heat generated by engines and, because of its incombustibility, as a fire retardant in its more recent general use as building insulation. Asbestos fibers are found worldwide in many products: as reinforcement in cement water pipes and the inert and durable mesh material used in filtration processes of chemicals and petroleum, for example. However, asbestos is not the only inorganic fiber in use today. Synthetic inorganic fibers abound. Glass fibers have replaced copper wire in some intercontinental telephone cables. Fiberglas (a trade name) has become the insulation material of choice in construction. Carbon and graphite fiber composites are favored materials for tennis racket frames and golf clubs. Fibrous inorganic materials have become commonplace in our everyday lives. As the use of inorganic fibers increased, there were some indications that fibers might be hazardous to our health. Since the first century A.D. it was suspected that asbestos might be the cause of illness among those who mined and processed the material. Asbestosis, a debilitating and sometimes fatal lung disorder, was documented and described in the nineteenth century. Within the last 25 years, lung cancer and mesothelioma have also been linked to asbestos exposure among construction and textile workers, as well as others exposed to dusts containing asbestos fibers. Although the etiology and specific mechanisms that give rise to these two cancers are not yet understood, concern for the health of exposed workers led the governments of the United States and other countries to specify the maximum allowable concentrations of asbestos in the ambient air of the workplace.

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Kovac, Jeffrey. "Introduction." In The Ethical Chemist. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190668648.003.0005.

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The chemist is “both a craftsman and a philosopher” (Knight 1992, 13). Chemistry traces its origins to such ancient crafts as metalworking, dyeing, tanning, and ceramics, and also to the ancient philosophers’ speculations about the nature of matter. As a unique combination of the theoretical and the practical, the practice of chemistry raises interesting ethical questions. Chemistry has transformed the modern world with amazing new materials, powerful drugs, agricultural products that have increased farm productivity, new and better explosives that can be used for both construction and destruction, synthetic textile fibers, brilliantly colored dyes, and countless others. With these advances have come unfortunate effects like environmental pollution. As a result, moral questions concerning the relationship between chemistry and society have become increasingly urgent (Hoffmann 1997). The remarkable scientific successes during World War II, such as the Manhattan Project and the development of radar, changed the practice of science. Science, including chemistry, was no longer a leisurely activity conducted primarily by university faculty with the assistance of a few graduate students and minimal financial support. Government funding, epitomized by the founding of the National Science Foundation, along with increased private foundation and industry support stimulated the growth of research programs in universities, national laboratories, and private research institutions. Scientific research has become high profile and high pressure; the rewards for success can be significant in both prestige and money. Although scientists have always been competitive, the culture of the community has changed in recent years, straining the bonds of collegiality and bringing questions of professional ethics to the forefront. Over the past few decades, the number of working scientists has increased significantly. Research groups have become larger and research has become more collaborative, more interdisciplinary, and more international. The Internet makes communication and collaborations between research groups at different universities or in different countries easy. As a result, researchers are able to address increasingly complex problems in large interdisciplinary teams. The single-author article is disappearing; instead, author lists of five to ten are quite common. Although these changes have led to important scientific advances, they have also made it harder to ensure research integrity.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rope. Textile fibers, Synthetic"

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Smith, D. Barton, and Jerry G. Williams. "Monitoring Axial Strain in Synthetic Fiber Mooring Ropes Using Polymeric Optical Fibers." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37402.

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Synthetic fiber ropes constructed of polyester are providing an important new technology for mooring deep-water drilling and production platforms. Considerable effort is being directed toward advancing and qualifying this enabling and cost-effective technology. To date, synthetic fiber mooring ropes have been successfully deployed in Brazil and they have seen limited service in the Gulf of Mexico. Synthetic fiber mooring ropes have high strength-to-weight ratios and possess adequate stiffness, but they are much more susceptible to damage than their steel counterparts. Future safe deployment of synthetic fiber mooring ropes would be significantly enhanced if a reliable technique were available to monitor the performance of the ropes in service and thus provide an early warning of the loss of structural integrity. Test data in the open literature indicates that the strain in the rope at failure is essentially a constant independent of load path or history. Measurement of the accumulated strain in the rope should thus provide a reliable benchmark with which to estimate the remaining life and establish criteria for rope recertification or retirement. This paper discusses the results of research and development activities aimed at developing a reliable, robust method for monitoring strain in braided and twisted strand Synthetic Fiber Mooring Ropes [1]. The strain transducer is a polymeric optical fiber, integrated into the mooring rope and interrogated with Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) to measure changes in its length as the optical fiber and rope are stressed. The method provides a direct measurement of large axial strains. Strains measured in polymeric optical fibers exhibit good one-to-one correlation with applied strains within the test range studied (10% or less, typically). The integrated polymeric optical fiber has been shown to withstand large numbers of repeated cycles to high strains without failure and to accurately track the hysteresis exhibited by polyester rope. Results are reported for tests conducted with polymeric optical fibers integrated into typical mooring rope elements.

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Secareanu, Lucia-Oana, Irina-Mariana Sandulache, Elena-Cornelia Mitran, Mihaela-Cristina Lite, Adrian Alexandru Apostol, Ovidiu Iordache, and Elena Perdum. "Protocol for identification and assessment of natural and synthetic textile fibers." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.v.12.

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Proper identification of textile materials is essential, as people use textiles for clothing and shelter, dental and medical devices, protective firefighting, or even military clothing. There have been several developments regarding fiber identification using instruments such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, or electron microscopy. However, the traditional methods are prevalent as they are the cheapest alternative. In the present paperwork, an accelerated weathering test was conducted on two different textile materials – cotton (natural fiber) and polypropylene (synthetic fiber). Alternating cycles of UV exposure, along with humidity and relatively high temperatures were employed for the weathering test. In order to evaluate the degradation degree of the two fibers, the results were compared and investigated using non-destructive and micro-destructive analysis techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to evaluate the surface modifications of the fibers, and colorimetry, to quantify the color changes. In addition, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the modifications of functional groups that occurred after the weathering test. A non-destructive technique – X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was also performed to obtain information about the crystalline structure. The obtained information will be used for cultural heritage studies.

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Iordache, Ovidiu, Elena Cornelia Mitran, Irina Sandulache, Maria Memecica, Lucia Oana Secareanu, Cristina Lite, and Elena Perdum. "An overview on far-infrared functional textile materials." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.i.9.

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The present study was aimed at highlighting the applicability of novel generations of functional textile materials based on incorporation of safe, pyroelectric nanoparticles into fibers. The synthetic fibers with negative ions emitting properties contain semiprecious stone particles (tourmaline, monazite, opal), ceramic, charcoal, zirconium powders, aluminum titanate and mixtures of such minerals. Currently, the synthetic fibers generating pyroelectric effects are obtained by introducing minerals (e.g. superfine tourmaline powder) into melted polymers before spinning or by dispersing the minerals into the spinning solution. As polymers, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl acetate, polyamide and viscose have been used. In low quantities, these minerals have almost no effect on human health. Included in large quantities, they tend to be too expensive (tourmaline, opal) and the fibers become harsh and fragile. The current generation of FIR functional textile materials faces a series of technical challenges: some of the of the used compounds are radioactive (monazite); if the particles size is too large (0.2-0.3µm), it may result in the production of highly non-uniform fibers and early wear of the mechanical parts producing installation; most of commercial pyroelectric fabrics emit a low amount of negative ions (500-2600 anions/cc) and FI rays, inducing a low health effect. Clinical studies involving exposure to pyroelectric compounds have highlighted positive effects on: blood circulation, skin cell re-vitalizing, collagen and elastin production, sleep modulation, wounds healing and acceleration of micro-circulation, chronic pain management, improvement of vascular endothelial functions, atherosclerosis and arthritis affections etc.

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Utsunomiya, Tomoaki, Iku Sato, and Koji Tanaka. "At-Sea Experiment on Durability and Residual Strength of Polyester Rope for Mooring of Floating Wind Turbine." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95388.

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Abstract When using synthetic fiber rope as a mooring line of a floating body such as floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT), it is necessary to carry out characteristic test and to grasp well about strength, stiffness, durability against monotonic and cyclic loadings. In this research, we have made characteristics test of polyester rope based on ISO. Next, based on the obtained characteristic values (mass, stiffness, strength, etc.), the dynamic response analysis of the floating body-mooring system was carried out and the mooring design was carried out. It was actually operated as a floating body mooring line for about 1 year. During the operation period, no abnormality was found, nor appearance damage occurred. After completion of operation for 1 year, the polyester rope was collected and residual strength test was carried out. As a result, no serious deterioration situation such as infiltration of marine organisms or fracture of the strands due to wear between fibers was observed at all. On the other hand, with respect to durability, it was found that the strength reduction was 2.9% from the initial state with respect to the breaking strength.

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Prakash, Raghu V., and Vishnu Viswanath. "Effect of Sea-Water Environment on the Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Synthetic Yarns." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10230.

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Abstract Synthetic fibers are used for critical performance applications of marine rope and cable industries, apart from military applications. The high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance offered by polymeric synthetic fibers makes them superior alternatives to steel wire ropes particularly in marine applications. These marine ropes and cables are subjected to a complex history of static and cyclic mechanical loading during service, leading to sudden and unexpected failure. The presence of corrosive sea water medium during service adds to the complexity of the problem. Thus, it is essential to study the tensile and fatigue performance of these synthetic fibers in the presence of sea water. In this study, experiments were conducted to examine the effect of marine environment on Vectran (Liquid Crystal Polymer) yarns. The first set of experiments analyzed the tensile strength degradation of Vectran yarns when exposed to simulated sea water for two months. The experiments were performed on Parallel continuous filament yarns and Twisted continuous filament yarns (0.5 twists per centimetre) and the results compared. In the second set of experiments, Vectran yarns were subjected to load controlled fatigue in dry state and continuously wetted state under tension-tension loading at a nominal frequency of 0.1–0.5 Hz. Stress vs. Number of cycles graphs were plotted to compare the fatigue performance in dry and wet conditions. Fatigue experiments were performed on Parallel and Twisted yarns to study the combined effect of twisting and wetting. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to observe filament surface and failure mechanism. The results indicate that, twisting the continuous filament yarns improves both tensile strength and fatigue performance. Sea water exposure degrades the tensile strength of Parallel yarns. Twisted yarns show no such degradation. The fatigue performance of Parallel yarns appears to be higher in dry state compared to wet state. The fatigue performance of Twisted yarns seems to increase with wetting. SEM images show that failure of filaments is by severe fibrillation.

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