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1
Buschle-Diller, Gisela. "Scanning Electron Micrsocopy of Various Natural Textile Fibers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 834–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600024296.
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Plant fibers such as cotton, hemp and flax have been cultivated for textile purposes for thousands of years. These natural fibers play an important role in daily life as apparel fibers since they provide unique comfort properties unsurpassed by synthetic fibers. However, their use is not limited to the apparel sector. In recent years the market share of consumer textiles and industrial products made from all kinds of natural fibers has tremendously increased as they present a valuable source of renewable raw materials. Investigating their surface features by microscopic techniques is important to control the performance of the desired end-product. Processing steps involving heat, light or exposure to chemicals might have a significant impact on the specific surface properties of a fiber whether or not this was originally intended. Scanning electron microscopy is therefore a very useful tool for the characterization of textile products to determine the effectiveness and eventual resulting damage from physical or chemical treatments.
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Nguyen, Giang, Joanna Grzybowska-Pietras, and Jan Broda. "Application of Innovative Ropes from Textile Waste as an Anti-Erosion Measure." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051179.
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Using materials from recycling is a key part of decreasing present-day waste. It is optimal for recycled material to be used in environmental protection. This paper presents the application of geotextile ropes in erosion protection of a slope of a gravel pit. To protect the slope, thick ropes with a diameter of 120 mm made from wool and a mixture of recycled natural and synthetic fibers were used. After 47 months from installation, soil and rope specimens were taken from the slope parts with inclinations 1:1 and 1:1.8, and their physical and mechanical properties were determined. Direct shear tests were applied to determine the soil shear strength parameters in state at sampling and at Ic = 0 (unconsolidated and consolidated). Based on the obtained soil shear strength parameters, the loads on the ropes were determined, taking into account also unfavorable hydraulic conditions and compared to rope strength. It was shown that even after 47 months from installation, rope tension strength was higher as tension forces were induced in the ropes in every case. At present, whole slopes in protected sections are stabilized, without rills and gullies.
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Simion Beldean-Galea, Mihail, Florina-Maria Copaciu, and Maria-Virginia Coman. "Chromatographic Analysis of Textile Dyes." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 1353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0066.
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Abstract The textile industry uses many raw materials (natural and synthetic dyes and fibers) and different dyeing techniques that can be considered important pollutants with a negative impact on the environment (toxic working conditions, discharged wastewater, and contamination). Although synthetic dyes are intensively used, offer a wide range of colors and hues and properties of adhesion, longevity, and resistance to sunshine and chemical processes, and are cost-effective, they have begun to be restricted by many textile producers because they are nonbiodegradable and have toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects that generate some imbalances in plant, animal, and human life. Natural dyes of plant and animal origin exhibit very good tolerance to washing, rubbing, and light and are biodegradable and nontoxic; these properties have led to a call for the renewed use of these dyes. Modern analytical techniques (solid-phase extraction, spectrophotometry, HPLC, HPTLC, capillary electrophoresis) with different spectroscopy (UV-Vis, diode-array detection, pulsed amperometric detection) and/or MS/tandem mass spectrometry detectors have an important role in the textile industry in obtaining essential information about dyeing techniques, material origin, historical trade routes of ancient textiles, and environmental pollution. For this purpose, isolation, separation, and quantification methods of natural and synthetic textile dyes from various matrices (ancient and modern fabrics, water, biota, etc.) are presented.
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Acharya, Sanjit, Shaida S. Rumi, Yang Hu, and Noureddine Abidi. "Microfibers from synthetic textiles as a major source of microplastics in the environment: A review." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 17-18 (February 4, 2021): 2136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517521991244.
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Microplastic fibers, also known as microfibers, are the most abundant microplastic forms found in the environment. Microfibers are released in massive numbers from textile garments during home laundering via sewage effluents and/or sludge. This review presents and discusses the importance of synthetic textile-based microfibers as a source of microplastics. Studies focused on their release during laundering were reviewed, and factors affecting microfiber release from textiles and the putative role of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as a pathway of their release in the environment were examined and discussed. Moreover, potential adverse effects of microfibers on marine and aquatic biota and human health were briefly reviewed. Studies show that thousands of microfibers are released from textile garments during laundering. Different factors, such as fabric type and detergent, impact the release of microfibers. However, a relatively smaller number of available studies and often conflicting findings among studies make it harder to establish definitive trends related to important factors contributing to the release of microfibers. Even though current WWTPs are highly effective in capturing microfibers, due to the presence of a massive number of microfibers in the influent, up to billions of fibers per day are released through effluent into the environment. There is a need to establish standardized protocols and procedures that can allow meaningful comparisons among studies to be performed.
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Arfah, Andriana, Saldy Yusuf, and Yuliana Syam. "The Role of Textiles in Controlling Microclimate to Prevent Pressure Injury." Media Keperawatan Indonesia 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.3.2.2020.81-89.
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Pressure injury (PI) is still a problem in health and home care both in developing and developed countries. PI is important to prevent because it has an impact on the physical, psychological, social, and economic aspects of the patient. One of the preventions of pressure injury is to choose the right textile, therefore this literature review aims to identify the right textile and can control microclimate in preventing PI. The Method used by searching the literature of scientific publications in the time of years between 2009-2019 using database Pubmed, Science Direct, Willey Online Library, Cochrane Library dan Google Scholar, there were 2.152 articles. The results of the literature review found six articles that fit the inclusion criteria and related to the use of textiles that can control microclimate in preventing pressure injury including textiles made from synthetic fabrics of silk, polyester, and synthetic fiber. Synthetic fiber textiles are best used as bedding because they control microclimate and reduce friction that can prevent the development of pressure injury.
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Yusof, Yusri, and Siti Asia Binti Yahya. "Pineapple Leaf Fiber as a New Potential Natural Fiber in Rope Making." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.628.
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The current development of new potential fibers is widening the areas of application. One of the current potential fibers developed is pineapple leaf fiber (PALF). PALF have been widely used as a raw material for pulp and paper making industry in Malaysia recently. Due to its enhanced properties, PALF now is commercialized as an alternative textile fiber. PALF is one of the high textile grade fibers which are commonly extracted by decorticator machine. PALF is silky, fine and textile grade. Hence, it has been widely used to make apparel. Apart from being used as an alternative fiber for home textile and apparel, PALF meet the basic requirement to be used as technical fibers. This paper presented the possibility of PALF utilization as technical fibers in rope making. PALF have similarity properties with others natural rope fibers and its can be spun into rope yarn. Instead of having a good strength, PALF also have a reasonable length as well as can be pliable. All of these are the main principle of rope making fibers. As PALF have meet this entire requirement, it can be said that its have huge potential to be used as rope making fibers.
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Yahya, Siti Asia, and Yusri Yusof. "Utilization of Pineapple Leaf Fiber as Technical Fibers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.112.
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Nowadays, pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is getting more attention in research area since its showed the enhanced properties to be utilized in few industries. From the previous studies, it has been proved that, PALF is mechanically sound as a composites reinforcement agent and its showed the good contribution in pulp and papermaking production. Due to its enhanced properties, PALF now is commercialized as an alternative textile fiber. PALF is silky, fine and textile grade. Apart from being used as an alternative fiber for home textile and apparel, PALF meet the basic requirement to be used as technical fibers. Instead of having a good strength, PALF also have a reasonable length as well as can be pliable. All of these are the main principle of rope making fibers hence make PALF have huge potential to be used as rope making fibers. This paper will present the possibility of converting PALF into textile yarns and then into rope yarns for cordage and rope making. The methodology involved is included PALF extraction, PALF spinning, and PALF twisting. Finally, this paper will present the expected approached for the upcoming work area.
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Oinam Roselyn Devi. "New Sustainable Fibres and their application in Textiles: A Review." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 9S (October 16, 2020): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0609s22.
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Presently, sustainability became a key mantra in all the industries across the world, especially the textile sector as it is one of the largest industries in the world. In textile science, natural fibres have a big role in a sustainable environment-friendly future and became a significant topic to exploit a new natural resource which is green and environment-friendly. Considering this, fibres from various sources were explored by many researchers for its potentialities in improving the quality of life around the world. Aloe vera, banana, sisal, hemp, jute, bamboo, milk fibre, corn, soya, groundnut shell, arecanut, coffee bean waste, lyocell and eucalyptus were few among them. Each year, more synthetic fibres and high energy-consuming products are being replaced by natural-fiber-based products. Additionally, natural fibres have been used not only for clothing but also for technical applications such as composite materials, building materials, filtration and insulation materials. The reason for this trend is not only due to increase environmental awareness but also because of its excellent properties, such as lightweight, strength, low costs and simple sourcing. Meanwhile,waste utilization became one of the important and challengeable jobs around the world. The Textile industry has obtained many fibres from bioresource waste as an important step toward sustainable development. As for example, Pinafibre is a minor fibre obtained from waste pineapple leaves. The study attempted to review some of the selected new sustainable fibres from waste materials and their application in textiles.
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Hayashi, Seishu, and Yoshihisa Danmoto. "High-Tech Synthetic Fibers for Textile." Kobunshi 42, no. 8 (1993): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.42.660.
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Ning, Fanggang, Xiaoru Li, Nick O. Hear, Rong Zhou, Chuan Shi, and Xin Ning. "Thermal failure mechanism of fiber ropes when bent over sheaves." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 7 (April 9, 2018): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518767147.
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Thermal damage is an important failure mechanism that affects the bending failure of fiber ropes. This is relevant because synthetic fibers often have a relatively low melting point and low thermal conductivity. In cyclic bending over sheave (CBOS), the heat generated by friction and deformation is not conducted rapidly to the external environment, and the temperature of the rope core increases quickly. This higher temperature greatly reduces the mechanical properties of the fiber, thus accelerating the final rope failure. In this paper, evidence of thermal damage in the bending process of a braided synthetic fiber rope is given. The test conditions inducing thermal damage are discussed, including stress level, bending frequency and diameter ratio. The reasons for the heat generation and the dynamic process of heat accumulation inside the rope during CBOS are also discussed. This study aims to provide theoretical and experimental guidance for the design and use of fiber rope.
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Lin, Jia Horng, Chen Hung Huang, Yu Chun Chuang, Ying Huei Shih, Ching Wen Lin, and Ching Wen Lou. "Property Evaluation of Sound-Absorbent Nonwoven Fabrics Made of Polypropylene Nonwoven Selvages." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.855.
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The rapid development of textile industry at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution results in the invention of synthetic fibers. As synthetic fibers cannot be decomposed naturally, significant textile waste is thus created. Selvages, which make up the majority of our total garbage output, have a low value and thus are usually sold cheaply or outsourced as textile waste. This study aims to recycle and reclaim the nonwoven selvages which are discarded by the textile industry. The recycled polypropylene (PP) selvages, serving as a packing material, and 6 denier PP staple fibers are made into the recycled PP nonwoven fabrics. The resulting nonwoven fabrics are subsequently tested in terms of maximum tensile breaking strength, tearing strength, surface observation, thickness measurement and sound absorption coefficient.
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Khalid, Muhammad Nouman. "Hormones Performs a Crucial Role in the Regulation of Cotton Fiber Synthesis." Current Research in Agriculture and Farming 2, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-7146.151.
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Cotton is the world's most important source of renewable fiber, and it is largely utilized in the textile industry to make clothes. In contrast to the ovule epidermis, cotton fibers are single cells that have differentiated from it, making them an attractive model system for the study of polyploidization, production of cell wall and elongation of cell. Plant hormones, that are present in very small low quantities in the plant, play essential roles in a variety of developmental processes, and new research has found that hormones play a critical role in controlling cotton fiber formation, as well as other developmental processes. For example, it has been demonstrated that the exogenous administration of hormones can stimulate the start and development of fiber cells. However, there is currently a lack of a thorough knowledge of phytohormones that regulate the formation of fiber. This paper focuses on latest developments in the understanding of the roles of different phytohormones involved in fiber development, including brassinosteroid, gibberellin, cytokinin, auxin, ethylene and abscisic acid. This paper reviews the discovery of genes associated in hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, as well as the methods by which these phytohormones control the commencement and elongation of fiber cells in cotton. All of the hormones involved in fiber formation are beneficial; however, cytokinin and abscisic acid are detrimental. Auxin, gibberellin, brassinosteroid, ethylene, jasmonate, and strigolactones are among the hormones involved in fiber development. A complete analysis of the function of phytohormones in cotton fiber development is our goal.
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Surata, I. Wayan, Tjokorda Gde Tirta Nindhia, and Dwiki Marsetio Widagdo. "Promoting natural fiber from bark of Hibiscus tiliaceus as rope to reduce marine pollution from microplastic fiber yield from synthetic rope." E3S Web of Conferences 158 (2020): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015804007.
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Synthetic ropes are popular for application in marine boat as docking, anchor, tow, and sailing. The advantages of synthetic ropes are waterproof, strong and durable, can be designed for sinks or floats and able to stretches. Synthetic ropes are stronger, more resistant to rotting than ropes created from natural fibers. Synthetic ropes also possess certain disadvantages of slipperiness, and can be damaged more easily by UV light. Synthetic ropes is recognizes as a source of microplastic fiber pollutant in marine area. In this work a bark of Hibiscus tiliaceus three is introduced as candidate source of natural fiber for rope to reduce number of microplastic fiber pollutant from synthetic rope. The bark was taken from a trunk with diameter around 20 cm. The bark was immersed in water for 7 days and subsequently was soaked in 5% NaOH solution for 2 hours. Fiber obtained then was dried. It was prepared 7 valid single fiber samples. The average of tensile strength of single fiber obtained by using this method is found around 44.604 MPa. The average of Modulus elasticity E is found 365.864 MPa. The failure strain is found 11.6 %.
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Glyuzitskiy, K. К., and A. V. Korenevskaya. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRICE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TEXTILE ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA." Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 1, no. 181 (2021): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2021-14-2-117-125.
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The article discusses trends in the textile industry, the pace and direction of use of synthetic fabric, key factors affecting the competitiveness of textile enterprises specializing in synthetic fibers. The necessary components are identified for the effective functioning and rapid entry into the world market of competitive enterprises in the textile industry of Russia. The paper addresses the problems of volatility of crude oil and the related instability in the price policy of synthetic fabric. The author concludes that it is necessary to actively stimulate and develop textile enterprises, considering the change in the oil market in 2020, as well as the current expansion of the use of synthetic fabrics.
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HARANINA, O., YA RED’KO, M. PROSKURKA, and R. VATAN. "SYNTHETIC DYES IN MEDICINE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 297, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-297-3-168-172.
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Synthetic dyes and intermediates for their synthesis are widely used in dyeing textile materials. The presence of the necessary functional groups in the structure of the dyes provides their biocidal properties. When using dyes with biocidal properties, the surface of textile materials is seized from destruction. Separate representative dyes protect the human body from the action of pathogenic microflora. It is necessary to create conditions for a timely attack by the textile material on bacteria and fungi. A sufficient number of natural and synthetic compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity. Many of these compounds are hazardous to humans and animals. Only a few chemical compounds can be recommended for practical use as antiseptic preparations. The inclusion of even a small fraction of antibacterial fibers in the structure of textile materials can provide the desired properties. The biostability of fibrous materials is influenced by the choice of dye. Not all dyes that have bactericidal activity in their pure form exhibit it when applied to textile material. For the manifestation of these functions, dyes must have groups responsible for their bacteriological activity. In developed countries, attempts are being made to uniform dyeing and bioprotective processing of textile materials. The combination of these processes is not only theoretical but also a promising area of research. When creating antibacterial textile materials, nanotechnology is being actively introduced. The use of nanotechnology reduces the cost of raw materials and materials. At the same time, the most promising for use in medicine are nanomaterials that meet the following requirements, such as biocompatibility and programmability of a positive effect on a biological object. Thus, the article analyzes the scientific literature in the field of dyes with biocidal properties.
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Vaesken, Antoine, Anne Pelle, Graciela Pavon-Djavid, Jeanne Rancic, Nabil Chakfe, and Frederic Heim. "Heart valves from polyester fibers: a preliminary 6-month in vivo study." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 63, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2016-0242.
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Abstract Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a popular alternative technique to surgical valve replacement for critical patients. Biological valve tissue has been used in TAVI procedures for over a decade, with over 150,000 implantations to date. However, with only 6 years of follow up, little is known about the long-term durability of biological tissue. Moreover, the high cost of tissue harvesting and chemical treatment procedures favor the development of alternative synthetic valve leaflet materials. In that context, textile polyester [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] could be considered as an interesting candidate to replace the biological valve leaflets in TAVI procedures. However, no result is available in the literature about the behavior of textile once in contact with biological tissue in the valve position. The interaction of synthetic textile material with living tissues should be comparable to biological tissue. The purpose of this preliminary work is to compare the in vivo performances of various woven textile PET valves over a 6-month period in order to identify favorable textile construction features. In vivo results indicate that fibrosis as well as calcium deposit can be limited with an appropriate material design.
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Samad, Yarjan Abdul, Yuanqing Li, Saeed M. Alhassan, and Kin Liao. "Non-destroyable graphene cladding on a range of textile and other fibers and fiber mats." RSC Adv. 4, no. 33 (2014): 16935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01373e.
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Cao, Jing, and Suraj Sharma. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Anticounterfeiting Innovative Fibers." ISRN Textiles 2013 (June 23, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/649407.
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Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has gained increased attention for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of textile and polymer products. Many NIR instruments have been commercialized to identify the natural and synthetic fibers; however, there is a strong need to have NIR database of these high-performance fibers to detect contraband textile materials rapidly and quantitatively. In this study, NIR spectra of PLA, Kevlar, Spandex and Sorona woven fabrics were collected and studied by several calibration models to identify the fibers. The results indicated that these four innovative fibers had been successfully distinguished by their NIR spectra in combination with preprocessing of 1/X transformation, SNV, and 2nd Savitzky-Golay derivative as well as principal-component-analysis (PCA-) based chemometric methods. Our promising results suggest that NIR spectroscopy is an effective technique to anticounterfeit innovative fibers.
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Lattimer, M. B., C. D. Weber, and Z. R. Hardt. "An Improved Adhesive System for Textile-Reinforced Rubber Products." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 2 (May 1, 1985): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536072.
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Abstract Resorcinol Formaldehyde Latex (RFL) adhesive systems have been used for over forty years to bond synthetic fibers to rubber compounds. The original RFL formulation was developed by Charch and Maney. The adhesive was applied primarily to rayon fibers and later extended to nylon and glass fibers. At the same time, the formulation evolved with the introduction of synthetic latexes and preformed resorcinol formaldehyde resin solutions. The RFL treated fibers are used to reinforce rubber products (e.g., tires, conveyor belts, hoses, V-belts). With the commercialization of polyester fibers, it was found that the RFL system did not satisfactorily adhere polyester to rubber compounds. The difficulty in bonding to polyester fibers has been attributed to the lack of reactive sites in the polymer structure, as well as its hydrophobic nature. New adhesive systems were developed which consisted of free isocyanates in solvent solutions. These systems were undesirable due to the associated health and fire risks. As a result, the use of aqueous dispersions of blocked isocyanates was investigated. Blocked isocyanates consist of isocyanate molecules which are chemically reacted with a blocking agent to prevent reactions with other materials at room temperature conditions. At higher temperatures, the blocking materials dissociate to free the reactive isocyanate groups. The blocked isocyanates are generally available in solid form and are chemically stable in water. Common blocking materials include phenols, oximes, and lactams. Shoaf developed a two-step, water based, adhesive system that effectively bonded polyester to rubber. This system consists of a first-step dip application which contains a polyepoxide and blocked aromatic polyisocyanate. In the second step, the treated fiber is overcoated with an RFL mixture. The reaction product of the polyepoxide and polyisocyanate has been identified as a polyurethane structure which physically adheres to polyester. Iyengar attributed this physical interaction to the similarity between the cohesive energy density values for the polyester and polyurethane structures.
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Houck, M. M. "“Mute Witnesses, Sure and Faithful”: Microscopic Analysis of Textile Fibers in Criminal Cases." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 849–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600011132.
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Placing the suspect at the crime scene is an important element in the solution of a crime. A way to do this is to find textile fibers like those from the victim’s environment or the crime scene on the clothing of the suspect. Another way would be to discover fibers like the suspect’s clothing or environment on the victim or at the crime scene. When fibers exhibiting the same microscopic characteristics and optical properties are found in common between a known source and the suspect or victim, an evidentiary value is placed on that association. This value is dependent on many factors that include the type(s) of fibers found (natural or synthetic), the color (s) of the fibers, number of fibers found, the location of fibers on a victim, suspect and/or crime scene and the number of different fibers that “match,” especially if different fibers from the same item of clothing or fibers from more than one item of clothing are found.
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Racho, Patcharin, Pinitta Phalathip, and Warutai Dejtanon. "Modified Synthetic Fibers a Treatment for Heavy Metal Removal in Aqueous." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.133.
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In this study was evaluated a performance of chemically modified synthesis fiber for the heavy metal treatment. Four fibers sampled from textile industry were evaluated in this study including of polyester, nylon, rayon and polyester/cotton. The graft copolymerization is the first step of modification process using acrylic acid with and without a surfactant. Then, amino chelating group was prepared via soaked in ethylenediamine solution. The grafting percentage was found in about 30-54% and 12-138% respectively without and with a surfactant conditions, respectively.Since, 3 M of acrylic acid 0.1 g of BPO neither, a polyester/cotton fibers nor 4 M acrylic acid. Overall results showed that the amino chelating fibers had higher lead and hexavalent chromium removal efficiencies than non modified fibers. These indicated the chemically modified fibers that functionalized with acrylic acid and ethylenediamine had capable to improve to an adsorption capacity. The modified nylon fibers had the highest adsorption capacity within 48 mg/g for Pb2+ and Cr6+.
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Aldalbahi, Ali, Mehrez E. El-Naggar, Mohamed H. El-Newehy, Mostafizur Rahaman, Mohammad Rafe Hatshan, and Tawfik A. Khattab. "Effects of Technical Textiles and Synthetic Nanofibers on Environmental Pollution." Polymers 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010155.
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Textile manufacturing has been one of the highest polluting industrial sectors. It represents about one-fifth of worldwide industrial water pollution. It uses a huge number of chemicals, numerous of which are carcinogenic. The textile industry releases many harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals and formaldehyde, into water streams and soil, as well as toxic gases such as suspended particulate matter and sulphur dioxide to air. These hazardous wastes, may cause diseases and severe problems to human health such as respiratory and heart diseases. Pollution caused by the worldwide textile manufacturing units results in unimaginable harm, such as textile polymers, auxiliaries and dyes, to the environment. This review presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of all recently produced high-performance textiles; and will therefore assist a deeper understanding of technical textiles providing a bridge between manufacturer and end-user. Moreover, the achievements in advanced applications of textile material will be extensively studied. Many classes of technical textiles were proved in a variety of applications of different fields. The introductory material- and process-correlated identifications regarding raw materials and their transformation into yarns, fibers and fabrics followed by dyeing, printing, finishing of technical textiles and their further processing will be explored. Thus, the environmental impacts of technical textiles on soil, air and water are discussed.
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Sedlmajer, Martin, Jiri Zach, and Jitka Hroudova. "Possibilities of Development of Thermal Insulating Materials Based on Waste Textile Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 1124 (September 2015): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1124.183.
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The paper describes the possibility of using textile fibers (natural and synthetic) for the production of thermal insulation materials in the form of mats using in construction. The paper deals mainly with soft thermal insulation mats and the factors that affect the thermal insulation properties of the insulating material in its manufacture and subsequent incorporation into the structure.
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Yuksekkaya, Mehmet Emin, Gizem Celep, Gamze Dogan, Mevlut Tercan, and Basak Urhan. "A Comparative Study of Physical Properties of Yarns and Fabrics Produced from Virgin and Recycled Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, no. 2 (June 2016): 155892501601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501601100209.
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Products that are produced by various industries such as agriculture, food, mining, chemistry, and textile cannot meet the needs of humankind since the world's population continues to grow exponentially. Furthermore, the reduction in natural resources forced researchers to produce new synthetic products by utilization of technology and led them to study recycling of existing natural resources. This study compares some properties of yarns and fabrics produced by virgin and recycled polyester and cotton fibers. Virgin cotton, recycled cotton, virgin polyester, recycled polyester fibers, and blends of these fibers were used to manufacture open end rotor yarns. Single jersey fabrics were knitted from these yarns. Physical properties of yarns and fabrics such as tensile strength, unevenness, yarn imperfections, burst strength, pilling and coefficient of kinetic friction were measured and statistically compared. Although generally the properties of yarns and fabrics produced from virgin fibers were better than that of produced from recycled fibers, producing textile products with optimum quality is stressed in this study.
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GÂF-DEAC, Ioan I., Emilia VISILEANU, Constantin Sorin PĂUN, Cristina Monica VALECA, and Ileta TÂRLIMAN. "ANTISTATIC TREATMENT OFTEXTILEFIBERS FOR AIR TUBES IN GRIZUTOS COAL EXPLOSIVEENVIRONMENT." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.42.
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In the paper / communication, the problem of electrostatic loading of textile fibers in the air pipes is being treated in an innovative way, occasioning explosive hazards. The thematic aspect approached is essentially required in mining security solutions in the underground exploitation of energy coal and coke in the Jiu Valley mines, where methane (CH4) and coal dust are found to form the grizzly atmosphere. It is specified that methane and coal dust in a concentration of 9.8% have the maximum devastating potential of explosion, with all the medical / deadly consequences among people. Observations show that synthetic fibers used in partial air tubes have low electrical conductivity and load significantly, electrostatically. The proposed variant of the authors is to resort to the choice of different textile fibers placed on the stack / range of electrostatic stresses.
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Lee Blaszczyk, Regina. "Styling Synthetics: DuPont's Marketing of Fabrics and Fashions in Postwar America." Business History Review 80, no. 3 (2006): 485–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000768050003587x.
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Scholars have studied innovation from various perspectives, but few have considered the interaction between big business and the fashion marketplace. This study examines the efforts of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company to create and expand the American synthetic-fibers market after World War II. DuPont described this work as transforming the “relatively simple ‘art’ of selling fabric” into the “complicated ‘science’ of marketing.” This process involved developing in-house marketing expertise and reaching out to sources as disparate as American fabric designers, Parisian couturiers, Seventh Avenue manufacturers, southern textile giants, and mass-market retailers. To promote the “wonders” of synthetic fibers, DuPont relied on “fashion intermediaries” to determine what customers wanted and how its fibers could meet those needs. This study suggests that the mass-market success of DuPont's synthetic fibers owed as much to creative marketing, styling, and performance as it did to industrial research and organizational innovation.
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Kyzas, George, Evi Christodoulou, and Dimitrios Bikiaris. "Basic Dye Removal with Sorption onto Low-Cost Natural Textile Fibers." Processes 6, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6090166.
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Over the last several years, the trend of researchers has been to use some very low-cost materials as adsorbents. For this purpose, some already commercially used bast fibers were selected as potential adsorbent materials to remove basic dye from synthetic effluents. The adsorption of basic yellow 37 dye was studied using three different bast fibers under the names of flax, ramie, and kenaf. Their morphological structure was examined using several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystallinity, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as those characterizations being a useful tool to propose a mechanism of the whole adsorption process. The adsorption evaluation was achieved by studying at first the pH (12) and temperature effects (25–55 °C). Two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were also applied to the experimental equilibrium data revealing the superiority of ramie fibers (327, 435, and 460 mg·g−1 (25 °C) for kenaf, flax, and ramie, respectively). The crucial adsorbent’s dosage was found to be 0.1 g per litre for all fibers, while the completed desorption study (eluant’s pH and reuse cycles) also confirmed the strong potential of these kinds of fibers as adsorbents. The latter may be attributed to the cellulosic content.
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Vassilenko, Ekaterina, Mathew Watkins, Stephen Chastain, Joel Mertens, Anna M. Posacka, Shreyas Patankar, and Peter S. Ross. "Domestic laundry and microfiber pollution: Exploring fiber shedding from consumer apparel textiles." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): e0250346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250346.
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Synthetic fibers are increasingly seen to dominate microplastic pollution profiles in aquatic environments, with evidence pointing to textiles as a potentially important source. However, the loss of microfibers from textiles during laundry is poorly understood. We evaluated microfiber release from a variety of synthetic and natural consumer apparel textile samples (n = 37), with different material types, constructions, and treatments during five consecutive domestic laundry cycles. Microfiber loss ranged from 9.6 mg to 1,240 mg kg-1 of textile per wash, or an estimated 8,809 to > 6,877,000 microfibers. Mechanically-treated polyester samples, dominated by fleeces and jerseys, released six times more microfibers (161 ± 173 mg kg-1 per wash) than did nylon samples with woven construction and filamentous yarns (27 ± 14 mg kg-1 per wash). Fiber shedding was positively correlated with fabric thickness for nylon and polyester. Interestingly, cotton and wool textiles also shed large amounts of microfibers (165 ± 44 mg kg-1 per wash). The similarity between the average width of textile fibers here (12.4 ± 4.5 μm) and those found in ocean samples provides support for the notion that home laundry is an important source of microfiber pollution. Evaluation of two marketed laundry lint traps provided insight into intervention options for the home, with retention of up to 90% for polyester fibers and 46% for nylon fibers. Our observation of a > 850-fold difference in the number of microfibers lost between low and high shedding textiles illustrates the strong potential for intervention, including more sustainable clothing design.
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Berni, Roberto, Giampiero Cai, Jean-Francois Hausman, and Gea Guerriero. "Plant Fibers and Phenolics: A Review on Their Synthesis, Analysis and Combined Use for Biomaterials with New Properties." Fibers 7, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7090080.
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Devising environmental-friendly processes in biotechnology is a priority in the current economic scenario. We are witnessing a constant and steady push towards finding sustainable solutions to societal challenges by promoting innovation-driven activities minimizing the environmental impact and valorizing natural resources. In bioeconomy, plants are among the most important renewable sources of both fibers (woody and cellulosic) and phytochemicals, which find applications in many industrial sectors, spanning from the textile, to the biocomposite, medical, nutraceutical, and pharma sectors. Given the key role of plants as natural sources of (macro)molecules, we here provide a compendium on the use of plant fibers functionalized/impregnated with phytochemicals (in particular phenolic extracts). The goal is to review the various applications of natural fibers functionalized with plant phenolics and to valorize those plants that are source of both fibers and phytochemicals.
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Haap, Classen, Beringer, Mecheels, and Gutmann. "Microplastic Fibers Released by Textile Laundry: A New Analytical Approach for the Determination of Fibers in Effluents." Water 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102088.
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The detection of shedded fibers in effluents from textile washing has attracted much attention due to its reported contribution to microplastic pollution. Commonly used analytical methods for fiber detection in liquids are based on filtration with subsequent microscopic analysis and/or gravimetric weighing. These approaches are time-consuming and prone to errors. In this study, an approach based on dynamic image analysis was applied in order to set up an efficient method to analyze fibers in effluents from washing processes. In an initial validation step, reliable information on the counts of fibers and the morphological characteristics were confirmed. For wastewaters from polyester-cotton blends, the chemical nature of the fiber debris (natural vs. synthetic origin) was determined by combining the dynamic image analysis with a chemical pre-treatment. In this study, dynamic image analysis was revealed as a rapid, non-destructive, precise, and reliable technology for the characterization and quantification of the fiber debris, offering a promising approach for fiber analysis in liquids.
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Helberg, Julia, Michaela Klöcker, Lilia Sabantina, Jan Lukas Storck, Robin Böttjer, Bennet Brockhagen, Franziska Kinzel, Anke Rattenholl, and Andrea Ehrmann. "Growth of Pleurotus Ostreatus on Different Textile Materials for Vertical Farming." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2019): 2270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142270.
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The mycelium of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus can be used for diverse technical applications, such as packaging materials or wastewater treatment, besides the more obvious use for nutrition. While P. ostreatus usually grows on sawdust, wood or similar materials, a former study investigated mycelium growth on different nanofiber mats. Here, we report on growing P. ostreatus on fabrics knitted from different materials, enabling the use of this mushroom in textile-based vertical farming. Our results underline that P. ostreatus grows similar on natural fibers and on synthetic fibers. The agar medium used to provide nutrients was found to support mycelium growth optimally when applied by dip-coating, suggesting that, in this way, P. ostreatus can also be grown on vertically aligned textile fabrics for vertical farming.
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Hassanzadeh, Sanaz, and Hossein Hasani. "A Review on Milkweed Fiber Properties as a High-Potential Raw Material in Textile Applications." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 1412–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715620398.
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Importance of solving the environmental pollution has attracted lots of designers and engineers’ attentions towards finding different available solutions such as substituting polymer-based raw materials with the natural ones. Thus, significant efforts applied by the researchers are generally involved to find new recourses of natural fibers instead of using the petroleum-based synthetic fibers. Among the variety of newly known natural resources, Milkweed is categorized as a versatile substitutive fiber with numerous unique properties which are mainly attributed to their hollowness structures. The presence of hollow channel along the fiber length is responsible for their lightweight and good insulation properties. Because of the fibers’ ecological and chemical benefits, numerous technical application fields could be considered for the eco-friendly and non-allergenic textiles made of Milkweed fibers especially in production of medical goods. Since morphological aspects as well as physical and mechanical properties of the Milkweed fibers significantly affect their functional behavior during their end uses, here in this review paper it is aimed to summarize all the available information regarding the fibers’ characteristics and properties. Having fundamental knowledge about the spin-ability of Milkweed fibers as well as finding the optimized process condition for their carding operation is considered to be the important points for obtaining such applicable textile products with desired properties.
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Sabatini, Francesca, Jacopo La Nasa, Camilla Guerrini, Francesca Modugno, Sara Bonadio, Federica Ursino, Isetta Tosini, Maria Perla Colombini, and Ilaria Degano. "On the Set of Fellini’s Movies: Investigating and Preserving Multi-Material Stage Costumes Exploiting Spectroscopic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 2954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072954.
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Since the second half of the 19th century, the world of textile production was radically changed both in terms of esthetics and of the performances leading to industrial products whose chemical properties were totally unknown and unexplored. Stage costumes are typical examples of multi-material art objects where different natural and synthetic materials were used to fulfil specific purposes. This research was performed in the framework of a diagnostic and restoration campaign of dresses of two Federico Fellini’s movies (“Il Casanova” and “Roma”). For the characterization of the textile fibers, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were employed. The structure of the metallic threads was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Dye identification was carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF). The analytical approach adopted allowed us to fully characterize the costumes composed of natural, synthetic and artificial fibers dyed with complex mixtures of last generation synthetic dyes. The results collected were fundamental to fine-tune an effective restoration aimed at minimizing the damages due to ageing, inaccurate home-made restoration interventions, or poor conservation conditions.
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Peran, Jelena, and Sanja Ercegović Ražić. "Application of atmospheric pressure plasma technology for textile surface modification." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 9-10 (October 25, 2019): 1174–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519883954.
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This paper gives an overview of atmospheric pressure plasma types used in the textile industry and recent developments in plasma treatments of textiles. It investigates the topic of the influence of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on the surface properties of materials made from natural and synthetic fibers. Through plasma induced physical and chemical reactions occurring in the textile surface layer, significant modifications in micromorphology and reactivity can be achieved. In addition to cleaning, etching, and activation, great efforts have been made in the development of plasma polymerization processes under atmospheric pressure. Utilization of atmospheric pressure plasma technology in the textile industry offers a new perspective on surface modification and functionalization. This paper gives a summary of textile properties achieved using plasma and the underlying processes based on relevant findings obtained from prominent research.
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Kertmen, Nuriye. "New Trends in Fibers Used in Denim Fabric Production." Tekstil ve Mühendis 28, no. 121 (March 31, 2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812106.
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There is a tendency to use different fibers from cotton to improve the physical properties of conventional denim fabrics, add functional properties, and follow trends and fashion. Warp and weft yarns can be produced with 100% cotton or composed of different fibers optionally for denim fabric. In this study, a piece of detailed information was given about the fibers used for denim fabrics in recent years, and the effects of the fibers were evaluated. In the results of the review, the nature of the fiber and antibacterial property is the most prominent feature nowadays for cellulosic fibers. It is quite advantageous antibacterial fibers also have additional functional properties without further processing. Wool and silk are widely used in conventional textile. They are especially preferred when thermal comfort is required in denim fabric production. Synthetic fibers are indispensable for denim especially when high performance is needed. Also, it is important for the wearer to feel comfortable, so new generations of synthetic fibers that provide high comfort are widely used. Elastane is a characteristic fiber of denim fabric and always a new type of elastane fiber is produced. Besides elastane used in flexible denim fabrics, elastomultiester fibers are popular now. These fibers do not contain elastane but they provide excellent elasticity and recovery for the fabric.
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Qin, Guanghui, Jian Liu, Yong Xue, Jiajia Ding, Naizhong Huang, Lihui Gan, and Minnan Long. "Enhanced stability of antimicrobial bamboo fiber by launching ultra fine silver particles in a sodium dodecyl sulfate microemulsion system." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 20 (October 13, 2016): 2505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516673329.
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Currently, the antimicrobial textile market is emerging and has rapidly developed to meet the inherent demands placed on public hygiene. Silver (Ag) is an efficient antimicrobial due to its direct function with the cellular membrane of probe samples. The application of Ag in the textile industry is limited due to its poor stability in repeatedly washing. In this study we synthesized a kind of novel antibacterial fiber containing nano-size silver particles in a reversed emulsion reaction system. The Ag nano-particles are incorporated onto the bamboo fibers solidly through primitive oxidation by sodium periodate. The identification, dependent on Staphylococcus aureus, was implemented to check the influence of the reaction conditions on the antimicrobial property. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species and the leakage of cytoplasmic contents were focused on investigating the antimicrobial mechanism. The antimicrobial assay suggested that samples from inversed micelle and aqueous system own the comparative antibacterial activity. However, samples from an emulsion system could maintain a better bactericidal property than samples from an aqueous system. Meanwhile, the reactive oxygen species and ultraviolet absorption show the same trend consistent with the antibacterial result. This result might be explained by the morphology and size of Ag particles attached on cellulose surface, which was proved by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. It was revealed that the surface-to-volume ratio of Ag particles played a more crucial role in achieving higher antimicrobial activity than the mass. This approach will provide a practical solution for the synthesis of wash-durable antimicrobial substances.
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Aneja, Arun Pal. "Fiber Renaissance for the Next Millennium." International Nonwovens Journal os-8, no. 2 (June 1999): 1558925099OS—80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925099os-800223.
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As we enter 21st century, technical advances are dramatically influencing the world of fibers, fabrics and textiles. Today, technology can provide us with fabrics that imitate and actually improve upon nature's best fibers. In the next millennium, textiles will not just be an extension or simple alternatives to natural or synthetic fibers, but will provide superior functionality in broad and emerging sectors of the economy from space to super conductivity and agriculture to geotextile. This will be accomplished through modern business strategies for enhanced stakeholder value and highly efficient production schemes with no adverse impact on the environment and development of precisely specified molecules for new textile platforms.
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Zhang, Tong. "Research and Develop Intelligent Temperature-Controlled Fabric Starting from the Internal Structure of Textile Fibers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.692.
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ntelligent temperature-controlled fiber can perceive changes in the environment and correspond accordingly subject to stimulation of certain conditions. In the functional innovation, the intelligent fibrous material modifies the nature of conventional synthetic fiber and the original performance of natural fiber and chemical fiber. Through in-depth analysis of the existing achievements, strive to explore the application prospect of intelligent temperature-controlled fiber starting from the internal structure of textile fibers.
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Callewaert, Chris, Evelyn De Maeseneire, Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof, Arne Verliefde, Tom Van de Wiele, and Nico Boon. "Microbial Odor Profile of Polyester and Cotton Clothes after a Fitness Session." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 21 (August 15, 2014): 6611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01422-14.
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ABSTRACTClothing textiles protect our human body against external factors. These textiles are not sterile and can harbor high bacterial counts as sweat and bacteria are transmitted from the skin. We investigated the microbial growth and odor development in cotton and synthetic clothing fabrics. T-shirts were collected from 26 healthy individuals after an intensive bicycle spinning session and incubated for 28 h before analysis. A trained odor panel determined significant differences between polyester versus cotton fabrics for the hedonic value, the intensity, and five qualitative odor characteristics. The polyester T-shirts smelled significantly less pleasant and more intense, compared to the cotton T-shirts. A dissimilar bacterial growth was found in cotton versus synthetic clothing textiles. Micrococci were isolated in almost all synthetic shirts and were detected almost solely on synthetic shirts by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting. A selective enrichment of micrococci in anin vitrogrowth experiment confirmed the presence of these species on polyester. Staphylococci were abundant on both cotton and synthetic fabrics. Corynebacteria were not enriched on any textile type. This research found that the composition of clothing fibers promotes differential growth of textile microbes and, as such, determines possible malodor generation.
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Kong, Qing Shan, Quan Ji, Jian Yu, and Yan Zhi Xia. "Preparation and Properties of Alginate Salt Fibers: An Inherent Flame-Retardant, Biodegradable Fiber." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.48.
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Alginate calcium fibers were prepared through wet spinning with good tensile strength which can be used for cloth materials. The morphology, mechanical property and combustion property of alginate calcium fibers were investigated. Blending yarns and textile of alginate calcium fibers and combed cotton was fabricated with good hand feeling and strength. Alginate salt fiber was prepared with wet spinning machine designed according to viscose fiber spinning machine. The diameter of alginate calcium fibers was about 10-15µm in diameter with smooth surface. The tensile strength of alginate salt fiber was larger than 4.8 cN in the dry state. The value of Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) of alginate calcium fibers was 34%. The average heat release rates (HRR) of the alginate fiber is about 21 kW/m2 which was much lower than that of most synthetic and natural fibers analysized with Cone. Alginate calcium fibers is an inherent flame-retardant fiber.
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Ramasubramanian, Melur K., Donald A. Shiffler, and Amit Jayachandran. "A Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Experimental Study of the Mixing Process for Dispersion of Synthetic Fibers in Wet-Lay Forming." March 2010 9, no. 3 (April 1, 2010): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj9.3.6.
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In this paper, we present results from a computational fluid dynamics (CFCFD) model for the mixing process used to disperse synthetic fibers in wet-lay process. We used CFCFD software, FLUENTFLUENTFLUENTFLUENTFLUENTFLUENT, together with the MIXSISIM user interface to accurately model the impeller geometry. A multiple reference frame (MRFRF) model and standard k-e turbulence model were used to model the problem. After obtaining a converged solution for the mixing tank with water, a discrete phase model was constructed by injecting spherical particles into the flow. A mixing tank with baffles and a centrally located impeller was used in experiments. PETET fibers (1.5 denier, 6.35 mm, 12.7 mm, and 38.7 mm) at a concentration of 0.01% were mixed in water for the study. In regions behind the baffles, where the model predicted higher concentration of particles, experimental results showed a 34% higher concentration relative to the region in the high turbulence zone near the center. Instantaneous sheets were formed by rapidly dipping and removing a flat wire mesh strainer into the tank at two different locations to assess the state of dispersion in the tank. The sheets were transferred onto a blotting paper and examined under a microscope to count defects. Results show that the number of rope defects was 43% higher in sheets drawn from the region behind the baffles than in the sheets drawn from regions near the center of the tank. Changing baffles from a rectangular to a triangular cross section decreased the number of rope defects, but increased the number of log defects in the sample sheets at the same location. The CFCFD model can be used to optimize mixing tank design for wet lay fiber dispersion. The model provides further insight into the mixing process by predicting the effect of changes in design parameters on dispersion quality.
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Tammaro, A., C. Abruzzese, A. Narcisi, G. Cortesi, F. R. Grippaudo, F. Persechino, F. R. Parisella, and S. Persechino. "Disperse Yellow Dye: An Emerging Professional Sensitizer in Contact Allergy Dermatitis." European Journal of Inflammation 10, no. 3 (September 2012): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1721727x1201000328.
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Disperse dyes are well known as common sensitizers in contact allergy dermatitis. Disperse yellow 3 is usually adopted in the textile industry for dying synthetic fibers, but is also used in hair dyes and for colouring plastic materials. We describe three cases of two males and one female patient, respectively a painter, an actor and a nursery-school teacher, who presented contact allergy dermatitis to disperse yellow 3 dye.
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Lee, Songbi, and Joohyeon Lee. "Braided Fabrication of a Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 5246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185246.
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Our objective was to construct textile braiding manufacturing methods to facilitate high precision and accurate measurements using optical fiber Bragg grating sensors for various structures. We aimed to combine three-dimensional (3D) braiding processing with the optical Bragg grating sensor’s accurate metrology. Outside the limits of the sensor’s epoxy attachment methods, the textile braiding method can diversify the scope of application. The braiding process can be used to design a 3D fabric module process for multiple objective mechanical fiber arrangements and material characteristics. Optical stress–strain response conditions were explored through the optimization of design elements between the Bragg grating sensor and the braiding. Here, Bragg grating sensors were located 75% away from the fiber center. The sensor core structure was helical with a 1.54 cm pitch, and a polyurethane synthetic yarn was braided together with the sensor using a weaving machine. From the prototype results, a negative Poisson’s ratio resulted in a curled braided Bragg grating sensor. The number of polyurethane strands was studied to determine the role of wrap angle in the braiding. The 12-strands condition showed an increase in double stress–strain response rate at a Poisson’s ratio of 1.3%, and the 16-strands condition was found to have noise affecting the sensor at a Poisson’s ratio of 1.5%. The findings suggested the application of braiding fabrication to the Bragg grating sensor could help to develop a new monitoring sensor.
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Ramasubramanian, Melur K., Donald A. Shiffler, and Amit Jayachandran. "A Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling and Experimental Study of the Mixing Process for the Dispersion of the Synthetic Fibers in Wet-Lay Forming." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 3, no. 1 (March 2008): 155892500800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892500800300102.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we present results from a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for the mixing process used to disperse synthetic fibers in wet-lay process. We used CFD software, FLUENT, together with the MIXSIM user interface to accurately model the impeller geometry. A multiple reference frame (MRF) model and standard k-e turbulence model were used to model the problem. After obtaining a converged solution for the mixing tank with water, a discrete phase model was constructed by injecting spherical particles into the flow. A mixing tank with baffles and a centrally located impeller was used in experiments. PET fibers (1.5 denier, 6.35, 12.7, and 38.7 mm) at a concentration of 0.01% were mixed in water for the study. In regions behind the baffles, where the model predicted higher concentration of particles, experimental results showed a 34% higher concentration relative to the region in the high turbulence zone near the center. Instantaneous sheets were formed by rapidly dipping and removing a flat wire mesh strainer into the tank at two different locations to assess the state of dispersion in the tank. The sheets were transferred onto a blotting paper and examined under a microscope to count defects. Results show that the number of rope defects was 43% higher in sheets drawn from the region behind the baffles than in the sheets drawn from regions near the center of the tank. Changing baffles from a rectangular to a triangular cross section decreased the number of rope defects, but increased the number of log defects in the sample sheets at the same location. The CFD model can be used to optimize mixing tank design for wet lay fiber dispersion. The model provides further insight into the mixing process by predicting the effect of changes in design parameters on dispersion quality.
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Serra, Albert, Ferran Serra-Parareda, Fabiola Vilaseca, Marc Delgado-Aguilar, Francesc X. Espinach, and Quim Tarrés. "Exploring the Potential of Cotton Industry Byproducts in the Plastic Composite Sector: Macro and Micromechanics Study of the Flexural Modulus." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 4787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174787.
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The textile sector produces yearly great quantities of cotton byproducts, and the major part is either incinerated or landfilled, resulting in serious environmental risks. The use of such byproducts in the composite sector presents an attractive opportunity to valorize the residue, reduce its environmental impact, and decrease the pressure on natural and synthetic resources. In this work, composite materials based on polypropylene and dyed cotton byproducts from the textile industry were manufactured. The competitiveness of the resulting composites was evaluated from the analyses, at macro and micro scales, of the flexural modulus. It was observed that the presence of dyes in cotton fibers, also a byproduct from the production of denim items, notably favored the dispersion of the phases in comparison with other cellulose-rich fibers. Further, the presence of a coupling agent, in this case, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, enhanced the interfacial adhesion of the composite. As a result, the flexural modulus of the composite at 50 wt.% of cotton fibers enhanced by 272% the modulus of the matrix. From the micromechanics analysis, using the Hirsch model, the intrinsic flexural modulus of cotton fibers was set at 20.9 GPa. Other relevant micromechanics factors were studied to evaluate the contribution and efficiency of the fibers to the flexural modulus of the composite. Overall, the work sheds light on the potential of cotton industry byproducts to contribute to a circular economy.
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Shelar, Prashant B., and U. Narendra Kumar. "A Short Review on Jute Fiber Reinforced Composites." Materials Science Forum 1019 (January 2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1019.32.
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Composites have been used from very long time for solving technological problems withuse of Natural Fibers due to their unique, superior properties and light weight. Natural Fibers are nowa common material used and has created an impact in terms of product performance and their lightweight. Natural Fibers have created an enthusiasm and use of them has been increased to take overthe place of synthetic fibers in different fields. Jute fiber is assuring reinforcement in composite. Juteoneof the natural Fiber, is most promising and is readily available, degradable and possesses goodmechanical properties. This review is to provide a focus on Jute Fiber and its use different sectors suchas construction sector, automobile sector, textile sector, etc. In addition to this, it also gives basic ideaof Natural Fibers and their Reinforced Composite. This review provides an overview of importance ofthe factors to be considered when designing the composites which affects the mechanical properties.
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Koc, Serpil Koral. "Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy in Textiles." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10, no. 1 (March 2015): 155892501501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000118.
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Potential applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in textiles are explained. For this purpose samples were carefully selected from both natural and synthetic fibers. Cotton, wool, conventional polyethylene terepthalate (PET), antibacterial PET, and antistatic PET were investigated by means of 3D topography imaging, phase imaging, and calculation of their Rq values. The distribution of the additives in the cross sections of antibacterial PET and antistatic PET were analyzed. Moreover, differences between inner and outer cross section of trilobal PET was observed by force spectroscopy. The results are discussed considering the fiber properties. It is concluded that AFM is a powerful tool to investigate different properties of textile fibers, and it gives valuable information.
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Ndlovu, Lloyd N., Cunchao Han, and Chongwen Yu. "Mechanical and FR Properties of Different Ratios of Cotton/Polysulfonamide (PSA) Core Spun and Blended Yarns." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 4 (December 2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900403.
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The textile and its allied industries have had its research focus on ways of alleviating the risks and losses posed by uncontrolled fires. Textiles have been chemically modified to impart flame/fire retardancy (FR) properties and also studies have been done on inherently FR fibers. This research focuses on Polysulfonamide (PSA) fiber, an inherently FR fiber developed by Shanghai Textile Research Institute and Shanghai Synthetic Fiber Research Institute. The purpose of this research is to study ways of incorporating PSA into yarns that will utilize the benefits of the PSA fiber while compensating for its limitations. The 100% PSA yarn and five different percentage variations of PSA/cotton blended yarns were produced by ring spinning. The blending methods were intimate blending and core spinning, with cotton yarns being used as core and PSA fibers as sheath. The tensile, evenness, hairiness and FR properties of these yarns together with the blending methods were studied and compared. The results showed that the blended yarn yielded better tensile and hairiness properties whereas the core spun yarn had better evenness and flame retardancy properties.
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Mastrangelo, Giuseppe, Ugo Fedeli, Emanuela Fadda, Giovanni Milan, and John H. Lange. "Epidemiologic evidence of cancer risk in textile industry workers: a review and update." Toxicology and Industrial Health 18, no. 4 (May 2002): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233702th139rr.
Full textAbstract:
A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies for textile industry workers was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate whether the cancer risk varies within the textile industry in relation to the job held or the textile fiber used. We combined studies published up until 1990, when an ad hoc IARC Monograph was issued, and those published after 1990 with the aim of appreciating evidence of reversing trends in cancer risk. Observed and expected cases reported in the original studies were summed up and the totals were divided to obtain a pooled relative risk (PRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) estimated with a fixed-effect model. We calculated a chi-square test (x2) of heterogeneity among studies. When PRR and x2 were both significant, PRR and CI were calculated with a random-effect model and the source of heterogeneity was investigated. Lung cancer risk was around 0.4 in the first study on cotton workers published in 1936, around 0.7 in subsequent studies, mostly published in the 1970s and 1980s, and around 1.0 in the last studies published in the 1990s. Papers published in the 1970s and 1980s produced consistent risk estimates for lung cancer risk, which was significantly lower than 1.0 in workers exposed to cotton (PRR 3/4-0.77; CI3/4-0.69-0.86) and wool dust (0.71; 0.50-0.92), as well as in carders and fiber preparers (0.73; 0.54-0.91), weavers (0.71; 0.56-0.85), and spinners and weavers (0.78; 0.66-0.91). Lung cancer PRRs did not significantly deviate from 1.0 in textile workers using synthetic fibers or silk, and in dyers. Increased PRRs were found for sinonasal cancer in workers exposed to cotton dust, and in workers involved in spinning or weaving (4.14; 1.80-6.49). PRR was 1.46 (1.10-1.82) for cancer of the digestive system in textile workers using synthetic fibers or silk, and 1.34 (1.10-1.59) for colorectal cancer in spinners and weavers. The increased bladder cancer PRR in dyers (1.39; 1.07-1.71) is generally attributed to textile dye exposure. In studies published after 1990, there is a general tendency to move toward unity for all the cancer risk estimates, leading to an increasing heterogeneity among studies. Since adjustment for smoking made little difference to the findings, the latter could be attributed to the exposure to textile dusts. The recent findings could be due to a lowering of dust concentration in the workplaces. The reduction of cases of upper respiratory tract cancer parallels with a corresponding increase of lung cancer cases. So, preventive measures have paradoxically increased the lung cancer burden to the textile workers.
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Rashidi, Hamid Reza, Nik Meriam Sulaiman, Nur Awanis Hashim, and Che Rosmani Che Hassan. "Synthetic Batik Wastewater Pretreatment Progress by Using Physical Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.394.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most important manufacturing industries in Malaysia is textile and specifically batik making. Many local batik factories discharge their wastewater, which contains wax, resin, silicate and dyes, without treatment, directly to nature. A possible treatment system involving membrane filtration has been tested to remove the dyes. However the presence of wax the wastewater requires a pretreatment stage to remove the undesired wax. In this study the performance of baffle tank pretreatment (own designed and fabricated) was evaluated for 4 different types of synthetic batik wastewater, which contain wax, resin, sodium silicate and 4 different fibers reactive dyes namely, Remazol Turquoise Blue G133 (Blue 21), Remazol Red 194 and Remazol Yellow 14 and Reactive black 5. The removal efficiency (%), pH and COD of each sample were evaluated and recorded. Wax removal efficiency in all samples was more than 88%. The COD and pH of all samples decreased after 60 minutes pretreatment cycle.