Academic literature on the topic 'Rostrum'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rostrum"
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Hansen, M. J., S. Krause, M. Breuker, R. H. J. M. Kurvers, F. Dhellemmes, P. E. Viblanc, J. Müller, et al. "Linking hunting weaponry to attack strategies in sailfish and striped marlin." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1918 (January 15, 2020): 20192228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2228.
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Linking morphological differences in foraging adaptations to prey choice and feeding strategies has provided major evolutionary insights across taxa. Here, we combine behavioural and morphological approaches to explore and compare the role of the rostrum (bill) and micro-teeth in the feeding behaviour of sailfish ( Istiophorus platypterus ) and striped marlin ( Kajikia audax ) when attacking schooling sardine prey. Behavioural results from high-speed videos showed that sailfish and striped marlin both regularly made rostrum contact with prey but displayed distinct strategies. Marlin used high-speed dashes, breaking schools apart, often contacting prey incidentally or tapping at isolated prey with their rostra; while sailfish used their rostra more frequently and tended to use a slower, less disruptive approach with more horizontal rostral slashes on cohesive prey schools. Capture success per attack was similar between species, but striped marlin had higher capture rates per minute. The rostra of both species are covered with micro-teeth, and micro-CT imaging showed that species did not differ in average micro-tooth length, but sailfish had a higher density of micro-teeth on the dorsal and ventral sides of their rostra and a higher amount of micro-teeth regrowth, suggesting a greater amount of rostrum use is associated with more investment in micro-teeth. Our analysis shows that the rostra of billfish are used in distinct ways and we discuss our results in the broader context of relationships between morphological and behavioural feeding adaptations across species.
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Ermilov, Sergey G. "New Galumnidae (Acari, Oribatida) from Ecuador." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.3.2.
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Two new species of the oribatid mite family Galumnidae are described from Ecuador. Galumna napoensis sp. nov. differs from Galumna nonoensis Balogh, 1988 by the pointed rostrum and rostral setae distinctly longer than rostral setae, and the presence of tubercles posterior to dorsosejugal suture. Pergalumna finnamorei sp. nov. differs from Pergalumna lenticulata Ermilov & Friedrich, 2016 by the pointed rostrum, long interlamellar setae, stria forming reticulate pattern in anterior parts of prodorsum, notogaster and pteromorphs, rostral setae distinctly longer than rostral setae, localization of porose area Aa between la and lm, postanal porose area and reticulate epimere I, and the absence of foveoles on notogaster, pteromorphs and in anogenital region.
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Huang, Jiandong, Xia Wang, Yuanchao Hu, Jia Liu, Jennifer A. Peteya, and Julia A. Clarke. "A new ornithurine from the Early Cretaceous of China sheds light on the evolution of early ecological and cranial diversity in birds." PeerJ 4 (March 15, 2016): e1765. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1765.
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Despite the increasing number of exceptional feathered fossils discovered in the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous of northeastern China, representatives of Ornithurae, a clade that includes comparatively-close relatives of crown clade Aves (extant birds) and that clade, are still comparatively rare. Here, we report a new ornithurine speciesChangzuiornis ahgmifrom the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation. The new species shows an extremely elongate rostrum so far unknown in basal ornithurines and changes our understanding of the evolution of aspects of extant avian ecology and cranial evolution. Most of this elongate rostrum inChangzuiornis ahgmiis made up of maxilla, a characteristic not present in the avian crown clade in which most of the rostrum and nearly the entire facial margin is made up by premaxilla. The only other avialans known to exhibit an elongate rostrum with the facial margin comprised primarily of maxilla are derived ornithurines previously placed phylogenetically as among the closest outgroups to the avian crown clade as well as one derived enantiornithine clade. We find that, consistent with a proposed developmental shift in cranial ontogeny late in avialan evolution, that this elongate rostrum is achieved through elongation of the maxilla while the premaxilla remains only a small part of rostral length. Thus, only in Late Cretaceous ornithurine taxa does the premaxilla begin to play a larger role. The rostral and postcranial proportions ofChangzuiornissuggest an ecology not previously reported in Ornithurae; the only other species with an elongate rostrum are two marine Late Cretacous taxa interpreted as showing a derived picivorous diet.
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Liasko, Roman, Chryssa Anastasiadou, and Alexandros Ntakis. "Eco-morphological consequences of the ‘rostral loss’ in the intertidal marine shrimp Hippolyte sapphica morphotypes." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 7 (October 26, 2017): 1667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417000960.
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The shrimp Hippolyte sapphica has a unique and sharp rostral dimorphism: morphotype A with a well-developed dentate rostrum, and morphotype B with a short, juvenile-like toothless rostrum. Previous research has shown that both morphotypes/forms belong to the same species and co-occur in the same habitat. Both forms occur in both sexes; however, form B individuals have a higher tendency to become males. Moreover, form A females are characterized by prolonged viability. The present comparative morphometric study concentrates on the changes induced by the rostral dimorphism and interprets them in terms of eco-morphological adaptations. Results showed that (i) the rostral length was the most isometric among the studied morphometric variables; (ii) males of A and B forms were not significantly different morphometrically; (iii) unexpectedly, form A non-ovigerous females had more developed carapace, abdominal somites and appendages in comparison with form B and, finally (iv), form B ovigerous females had higher tail and scaphocerite lengths, suggesting that they overcome higher turbulent force during the rapid backward movements and that the long rostrum improves hydrodynamic streamlining and stability. In conclusion, the previous finding that form B individuals tend to become males receives an adaptational explanation. The gene(s) responsible for the short rostrum accumulate in males, where their micro-evolutionary disadvantage is minimal or even absent.
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Boessenecker, Robert W., Danielle Fraser, Morgan Churchill, and Jonathan H. Geisler. "A toothless dwarf dolphin (Odontoceti: Xenorophidae) points to explosive feeding diversification of modern whales (Neoceti)." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1861 (August 23, 2017): 20170531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0531.
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Toothed whales (Odontoceti) are adapted for catching prey underwater and possess some of the most derived feeding specializations of all mammals, including the loss of milk teeth (monophyodonty), high tooth count (polydonty), and the loss of discrete tooth classes (homodonty). Many extant odontocetes possess some combination of short, broad rostra, reduced tooth counts, fleshy lips, and enlarged hyoid bones—all adaptations for suction feeding upon fishes and squid. We report a new fossil odontocete from the Oligocene (approx. 30 Ma) of South Carolina ( Inermorostrum xenops , gen. et sp. nov.) that possesses adaptations for suction feeding: toothlessness and a shortened rostrum (brevirostry). Enlarged foramina on the rostrum suggest the presence of enlarged lips or perhaps vibrissae. Phylogenetic analysis firmly places Inermorostrum within the Xenorophidae, an early diverging odontocete clade typified by long-snouted, heterodont dolphins. Inermorostrum is the earliest obligate suction feeder within the Odontoceti, a feeding mode that independently evolved several times within the clade. Analysis of macroevolutionary trends in rostral shape indicate stabilizing selection around an optimum rostral shape over the course of odontocete evolution, and a post-Eocene explosion in feeding morphology, heralding the diversity of feeding behaviour among modern Odontoceti.
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Dhellemmes, F., M. J. Hansen, S. D. Bouet, J. J. Videler, P. Domenici, J. F. Steffensen, T. Hildebrandt, et al. "Oil gland and oil pores in billfishes: in search of a function." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 19 (August 13, 2020): jeb224956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.224956.
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ABSTRACTBillfishes are well known for their distinctive elongated rostra, i.e. bills. The functional significance of billfish rostra has been frequently discussed and the recent discovery of an oil gland (glandula oleofera) at the base of the rostrum in swordfish, Xiphias gladius, has added an interesting facet to this discussion regarding the potential co-evolution of gland and rostra. Here, we investigated the oil gland and oil pores (through which the oil is brought to the skin surface) of four billfish species – swordfish, Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and striped marlin (Kajikia audax) – and provide detailed evidence for the presence of an oil gland in the last three. All four species had a high density of oil pores on the forehead which is consistent with the hypothesis of hydrodynamic benefits of the oil. The extension of the pores onto the front half of the rostrum in sailfish and striped marlin, but not in swordfish or blue marlin, suggests that the oil may have additional functions. One such function could be linked to the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the oil. However, the available evidence on predatory rostrum use (and hence the likelihood of tissue damage) is only partly consistent with the extension of pores on rostra across species. We conclude that the oil gland probably serves multiple, non-mutually exclusive functions. More detailed information on rostrum use in blue marlin and swordfish is needed to better link behavioural and morphological data with the aim of accomplishing a full comparative analysis.
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ASHELBY, CHRISTOPHER W., and SAMMY DE GRAVE. "A new species of Palaemon (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from West Africa, with a re-description of Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz, 1892)." Zootaxa 2085, no. 1 (April 29, 2009): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2085.1.3.
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A new species of Palaemon, P. powelli sp. nov., is described from tropical West Africa. The new species is characterised by the shape and proportions of its chelae, the shape of the rostrum, spacing between dorsal rostral teeth and a poorly developed grooming brush on the fifth pereiopod. Palaemon maculatus (Thallwitz, 1892) is redescribed and can be separated from other eastern Atlantic members of the genus by the form of the rostrum, the proportions of the segments of pereiopod 2 and the large number of rows of setae in the grooming brush on the fifth pereiopod.
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Welten, Monique, Moya Meredith Smith, Charlie Underwood, and Zerina Johanson. "Evolutionary origins and development of saw-teeth on the sawfish and sawshark rostrum (Elasmobranchii; Chondrichthyes)." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 9 (September 2015): 150189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150189.
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A well-known characteristic of chondrichthyans (e.g. sharks, rays) is their covering of external skin denticles (placoid scales), but less well understood is the wide morphological diversity that these skin denticles can show. Some of the more unusual of these are the tooth-like structures associated with the elongate cartilaginous rostrum ‘saw’ in three chondrichthyan groups: Pristiophoridae (sawsharks; Selachii), Pristidae (sawfish; Batoidea) and the fossil Sclerorhynchoidea (Batoidea). Comparative topographic and developmental studies of the ‘saw-teeth’ were undertaken in adults and embryos of these groups, by means of three-dimensional-rendered volumes from X-ray computed tomography. This provided data on development and relative arrangement in embryos, with regenerative replacement in adults. Saw-teeth are morphologically similar on the rostra of the Pristiophoridae and the Sclerorhynchoidea, with the same replacement modes, despite the lack of a close phylogenetic relationship. In both, tooth-like structures develop under the skin of the embryos, aligned with the rostrum surface, before rotating into lateral position and then attaching through a pedicel to the rostrum cartilage. As well, saw-teeth are replaced and added to as space becomes available. By contrast, saw-teeth in Pristidae insert into sockets in the rostrum cartilage, growing continuously and are not replaced. Despite superficial similarity to oral tooth developmental organization, saw-tooth spatial initiation arrangement is associated with rostrum growth. Replacement is space-dependent and more comparable to that of dermal skin denticles. We suggest these saw-teeth represent modified dermal denticles and lack the ‘many-for-one’ replacement characteristic of elasmobranch oral dentitions.
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Rieppel, Olivier, Johannes Müller, and Jun Liu. "Rostral structure in Thalattosauria (Reptilia, Diapsida)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-076.
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The rostral structure of thalattosaurs is reviewed on the basis of a re-investigation of the holotype of Nectosaurus halius and Thalattosaurus alexandrae. The askeptosaurid genera Askeptosaurus and Anshunsaurus share an elongated, parallel-sided rostrum that terminates in a blunt tip. A diastema separating the premaxillary from the maxillary teeth is absent. The claraziid genera Clarazia and Thalattosaurus share a relatively shorter rostrum that has convergent lateral margins and that terminates in a pointed tip. A diastema separating the premaxillary from the maxillary teeth is present. The well-preserved holotype of Nectosaurus halius shows a highly derived rostral structure. The maxilla is short with an anteriorly truncated (vertical) margin, a narrow but high ascending process, and a dorsally curving medial flange that is in natural articulation with the ventrally deflected vomer. These findings corroborate Peyer's original reconstruction of Hescheleria with a nearly vertically placed premaxilla.
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Pendrey, R. C., N. R. Loneragan, R. A. Kenyon, and D. J. Vance. "Simple morphometric characters, confirmed by gel electrophoresis, separate small juvenile banana prawns (Penaeus indicus and P. merguiensis)." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 7 (1999): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99038.
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The juveniles of red-legged banana prawns Penaeus indicus and white banana prawns P. merguiensis are difficult to distinguish. Gel electrophoresis, with the enzyme malate dehydrogenase, clearly separated into species both large and small prawns. Four morphological characters were measured from juvenile prawns (identified using electrophoresis): three of these provided reliable separation into species. The mean ratio of the distance from the anterior-most dorsal rostral tooth (first tooth) to the tip of the rostrum (L 1 ): to the distance between this tooth and the second tooth (L 1,2 ) was higher for P. indicus (3.16) than P. merguiensis (1.56). All juvenile P. indicus had the first tooth posterior to the antennular peduncle, while it was anterior for all P. merguiensis. More than 90% of P. indicus had six rostral teeth behind the eye, while over 90% of P. merguiensis had five teeth behind the eye. Damage to the rostrum prevented measurements of the position of the first tooth in 20 to 30% of juvenile prawns. Combining the measurements of the ratio of L 1 : L 1,2 and the count of the number of rostral teeth behind the eye meant that all prawns could be unambiguously identified.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rostrum"
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Habegger, María Laura. "Functional Morphology and Feeding Mechanics of Billfishes." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5617.
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Billfishes (marlins, spearfishes, sailfishes and swordfish) are one of the fastest and largest marine apex predators, and perhaps their most recognizable attribute is their bill or rostrum. The proposed function for this novel structure has ranged from hydrodynamic enhancement to defensive weaponry. However, the most supported hypothesis for its function has been linked to feeding. Billfishes have been observed to subdue their prey with their rostrum, either stunning or cutting them into pieces before ingestion. Due to their large body sizes and pelagic lifestyles a thorough investigation of the function of this structure has been logistically challenging. The goal of my dissertation is to investigate the role of the rostrum during feeding from a functional, mechanical and morphological standpoint. By the use of interdisciplinary approaches that blend engineering with biology, the function of the rostrum and billfish putative feeding behavior was investigated. By the use of different approaches that involve morphological characterizations, histology, estimation of performance measurements such as bite force and the investigation architectural tradeoffs from geometric morphometrics analysis, my dissertation aims to characterized the role of the rostrum in billfishes as a possible adaptation for feeding. Results showed that the rostrum in billfishes is mechanically capable of acting as a feeding weapon; continuous stress distribution along its length suggest no particular point that could lead to breakage during feeding. Finite element analysis, as well as bending experiments suggest feeding behavior may be species specific and strictly associated with rostrum morphology. While istiophorids may be morphologically suited to strike their prey with a wide range of motions, swordfish appear to be specialized from a mechanical and hydrodynamic standpoint to hit their prey with lateral strikes. Biting performance is relatively low in these top predators compared to other non-billfish species suggesting the rostrum may facilitate prey processing reducing the need for powerful biting. However contrary to my expectations rostrum length was not a predictor of bite force. Skull variation was evident among billfish species. Swordfish, the species with the longest rostrum, had the smallest head and the lowest relative bite force whereas blue marlin, the species with the stiffer, most compact rostrum, had the largest head and one of the greatest relative bite forces. The shortbill spearfish showed a relatively low bite force indicating predatory success in this species may be linked to an extended lower jaw that may facilitate a speed efficient jaw during prey capture. Whether the rostrum in billfishes has evolved as an adaptation for feeding, remains uncertain. However results from this study demonstrate that rostrum material properties, morphology and head architecture, in addition to relatively low biting performance in billfishes, favor a role of prey capture for the rostrum.
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Fajardo, Montaño Daniel. "La visualidad rostri-publicitaria. Máscaras trans-humanas. De la fotografía del rostro a la transformación urbana de las personas en mercancía." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171744.
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[ES] "La visualidad rostri-publicitaria. Máscaras trans-humanas, de la fotografía del rostro a la transformación urbana de las personas en mercancía.", coloca en el centro del análisis el fenómeno urbano que se da con la presencia masiva, repetitiva y persistente de publicidad que utiliza rostros fotografiados como parte de su estrategia comercial. Asume que en la urbanidad se vive una guerra simbólica que tiene como antecedente siglos de utilización del poder de las imágenes como instrumento de domesticación ideológica. Entiende a la ciudad no solo desde su materialidad como la suma de sus edificios y construcciones físicas, sino también desde su óptica imaginaria en donde convergen los sentires y experiencias de las personas que la habitan, analizando de manera particular el papel de la publicidad exterior como una influencia permanente en el paisaje urbano y cómo a través de su presencia desmedida puede transformarse en contaminación visual.
Esta investigación identifica al retrato fotográfico como una estrategia fundamental en las lógicas publicitarias de los últimos tiempos y construye una teoría propia e inédita que vincula la semiótica del rostro humano con la manera de percibir el mundo y la realidad en la que nos encontramos. Se catalogan y definen las características principales de la "visualidad rostri-publicitaria" como concepto central de esta tesis doctoral y se explica cómo a través de ella, las personas son transformadas en mercancía para comercializarlas impunemente. Para complementar el análisis, se acuñan los términos "máscara trans-humana", "publicidad rostrificada", "retratos rostri-publicitarios", "entretenimiento rostri-publicitario" y "contra-visualidades rostri-publicitarias".
En contraste, se estudian prácticas artísticas que presentan imágenes alternativas a las dominantes provenientes de la industria publicitaria. Mediante el trabajo de artistas, colectivos y personas libres, se visibilizan las categorías principales que articulan la utilización crítica del rostro humano fotografiado, que nos dará indicios de las posibilidades ilimitadas que tiene desprendernos de la colonización ideológica que se manifiesta al ver cualquier cara, producto de toda una vida marcada por la "visualidad rostri-publicitaria".[CA] "La visualitat rostri-publicitària. Màscares trans-humanes, de la fotografia del rostre a la transformació urbana de les persones en mercaderia.", col·loca en el centre de l'anàlisi el fenomen urbà que es dona amb la presència massiva, repetitiva i persistent de publicitat que utilitza rostres fotografiats com a part de la seua estratègia comercial. Assumeix que en la urbanitat es viu una guerra simbòlica que té com a antecedent segles d'utilització del poder de les imatges com a instrument de domesticació ideològica. Entén a la ciutat no sols des de la seua materialitat com la suma dels seus edificis i construccions físiques, sinó també des de la seua òptica imaginària on convergeixen els sentires i experiències de les persones que l'habiten, analitzant de manera particular el paper de la publicitat exterior com una influència permanent en el paisatge urbà i com a través de la seua presència desmesurada pot transformar-se en contaminació visual. Aquesta investigació identifica al retrat fotogràfic com una estratègia fonamental en les lògiques publicitàries dels últims temps i construeix una teoria pròpia i inèdita que vincula la semiòtica del rostre humà amb la manera de percebre el món i la realitat en la qual ens trobem. Es cataloguen i defineixen les característiques principals de la "visualitat rostri-publicitària" com a concepte central d'aquesta tesi doctoral i s'explica com a través d'ella, les persones són transformades en mercaderia per a comercialitzar-les impunement. Per a complementar l'anàlisi, s'encunyen els termes "màscara trans-humana", "publicitat rostrificada", "retrats rostri-publicitaris", "entreteniment rostri-publicitari" i "contra-visualitats rostri-publicitàries". En contrast, s'estudien pràctiques artístiques que presenten imatges alternatives a les dominants provinents de la indústria publicitària. Mitjançant el treball d'artistes, col·lectius i persones lliures, es visibilitzen les categories principals que articulen la utilització crítica del rostre humà fotografiat, que ens donarà indicis de les possibilitats il·limitades que té desprendre'ns de la colonització ideològica que es manifesta en veure qualsevol cara, producte de tota una vida marcada per la "visualitat rostri-publicitària".
[EN] "The face-advertising visuality. Trans-human masks, from the photograph of the human face to the urban transformation of people into merchandise.", places at the center of the analysis the urban phenomenon that occurs with the massive, repetitive and persistent presence of advertising that uses photographed human faces as part of the of business strategy. Assumes that within urbanity there is a constant symbolic war which is preceded by an historic use of power through images, as it has served as an instrument of ideological domestication. This research understands the city not only from its materiality view, in other words, as the sum of buildings and physical constructions, but also from his imaginary perspective. In the imaginary perspective of cities, the feelings and experiences of people converge, where is particularly relevant to analyze the role of outdoor advertising, as it is a permanent influence on the urban landscape, which in turn has an excessive presence that can be transformed into visual pollution. This research identifies the photographic portrait as a fundamental strategy in the advertising logics of recent times and it creates an unpublished and own theory of the author that links semiotics of human face with the way of perceiving the world and the reality in which people live. The main characteristics of the "face-advertising visuality" are cataloged and defined as the core concept of this PhD thesis, which is explained through this document highlighting how people are transformed into merchandise to be marketed with impunity. To complement this analysis the terms "trans-human mask", "face advertising", "face-advertising portraits", "face-advertising entertainment" and "face-advertising counter-visuals" are created. In contrast, in this thesis studies artistic practices that present alternative images to the dominant ones from the advertising industry. Through the work of artists, groups and free people in this thesis are visible the main categories that articulate the critical use of the photographed human face. The study of the work of such artists through these categories will give hints of the unlimited possibilities that brings the detachment from the ideological colonization that manifests itself when seeing any face, which is product of a lifetime marked by "advertising face-visuality".
Fajardo Montaño, D. (2021). La visualidad rostri-publicitaria. Máscaras trans-humanas. De la fotografía del rostro a la transformación urbana de las personas en mercancía [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171744
TESIS
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Santa, Cruz Grau José Miguel. "El Rostro Cinematográfico." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101449.
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Tornero, Sanchís Josep. "Simbologías del rostro representado: valores simbólicos del rostro en el arte contemporáneo." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/371750.
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Objetivos En esta investigación tratamos de aproximarnos a la reproducción artística del rostro, analizado desde una simbología de la ambigüedad entre lo apolíneo y dionisiaco, del mismo modo que su representación ha derivado en un conjunto de imágenes diversas y plurales, diversificando una complejidad que parece revelarse a modo de hipóstasis, reunida y universalizada en su propia etimología: el prósopon. Metodología Partiremos desarrollando un contexto antropológico e histórico del rostro representado dentro del marco de la historia de las imágenes de Occidente.Profundizaremos en la idea de Nietzsche para concretar la antítesis de lo apolíneo y lo dionisíaco y su analogía con una historia del rostro representado. Analizaremos los valores contemporáneos del rostro y el problema ante la máscara, para buscar nexos de unión con nuestra posición, recopilando ejemplos de imágenes del arte contemporáneo para profundizar en nuestra hipótesis etimológica. Hipótesis De esta manera formulamos la hipótesis por la cual, a través de ciertos retornos o residuos de lo sagrado, cobra vigencia el sentido etimológico de la palabra rostro, el prósopon como significado múltiple para designar la multiplicidad y pluralidad de su representación en el arte contemporáneo. Conclusiones El rostro representado en el arte contemporáneo parece haber encontrado su mascarada más dionisiaca, pues en cuanto a imagen es apariencia, y la máscara parece ser, de nuevo, parte unitaria del rostro representado. Imágenes de imágenes, las artes hacen brotar las apariencias como en el espejo en el que queda hipnotizado el niño Dionisos. Cabría señalar que esta artificiosidad forma parte, de esta manera, de nuestra tradición clásica y anclada todavía en los orígenes más oscuros, atendiendo a la falta de datos de los que disponemos para elaborar una posible tesis comparativa entre nuestra contemporaneidad y el pensamiento o la sociedad de la antigua Grecia. El futuro del rostro representado está en relación con la diversidad de sus interpretaciones y búsquedas artísticas. También lo está en el valor simbólico que pueda haber en un contexto que implique ese futuro. En todo caso, garantizar un futuro para una imagen o apariencia dependiendo de si es o no asignificante o asubjetivo, tal y como afirman Deleuze y Guattari, no deja de ser un condicionante de lo que en ese momento está intentando fraguar la mente del pensador, o los pensadores. Las condiciones actuales demuestran todavía un interés por el amplio espectro de imágenes y variantes del rostro representado. Desde el rostro como retrato o las diversas creaciones a las que hemos llamado rostreidad, por no presentar un vínculo cognitivo de un individuo concreto, y que están en relación con ese algo otro el cual, en su multiplicidad, puede evocar las más distintas emociones y significados. El prósopon, en definitiva, podría constituir un atlas diverso atendiendo a la multiplicidad en su propia etimología. A modo de un Atlas Mnemosyne, solamente la repetición del concepto en sus múltiples contextos en cuanto a imagen y significado, pueden abarcar de un golpe concreto, en un código unitario que es el prósopon y no tanto el rostro, o el vultus latino, la experiencia estética que se deriva ante el rostro.Goals In this research we try to approach the artistic reproduction of the face, analised from a symbology of ambiguity between the Apollonian and Dionysian, in the same way that its representation has led to a set of diverse and plural images, diversifying a complexity that seems to be revealed as a kind of hypostasis, gathered and universalized in its own etymology: the prosopon. Methodology We will start developing an anthropological and historical context of the represented face within the framework of the history of images of the West. We will go deep into Nietzsche’s idea in order to concrete the antithesis of the Apollonian and the Dionysian and its analogy with a history of the symbolized face. We will analyse the contemporary values of the face and the problem of the mask, to look for links with our position, compiling examples of contemporary art images to analyse in depth our etymological hypothesis. Hypothesis In this way, we formulate the hypothesis whereby, through certain returns or sacred remains, the etymological meaning of the word face gains importance, the prosopon as multiple meaning to express the multiplicity and plurality of its representation in the contemporary art. Conclusions The symbolized face in the contemporary art seems to have found its most Dionysian mask, because as for image is appearance, and the mask seems to be, again, united part of the symbolized face. Images of images, the arts bring out appearances like in the mirror where the boy Dionysius was hypnotized. It should be noted that this artificiality is part of, in this way, of our classical tradition and still anchored in the darkest origins, taking into account the lack of data at our disposal to elaborate a possible comparative thesis between our contemporaneousness and thinking or the ancient Greek society. The future of the symbolized face is in relation to the diversity of its interpretations and artistic searches, as well as to the symbolic value on a context that implies that future. In any case, guaranteeing a future to an image or appearance depending on whether it is or is notout of meaning or out of subjective, as stated by Deleuze y Guattari, is still a determinant of what at that moment is trying to think up the thinker’s mind, or the thinkers. The current conditions still demonstrate an interest in the broad spectrum of images and variations of the symbolized face. From the face as portrait or the diverse creations that we have named mask,because they do not present a cognitive link of a specific person, and are in relation to that otherwhich, in its multiplicity, can evoke the most different emotions and meanings. The prosopon, definitely, could constitute a diverse atlas according to the multiplicity in its own etymology. As a kind of a Mnemosyne Atlas,only the repeat of the concept in its multiple contexts regarding image and meaning can cover all at once, in a unit code that it is the prosoponrather than the face, or latinvultus, the aesthetic experience which is derived from the face.
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Benoit, R. G. "Functional specialisation within rostral prefrontal cortex." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/623668/.
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The functional organisation of rostral prefrontal cortex (rPFC; approximating Area 10) is largely unknown. On one hand, this region might support processes that are commonly involved in coping with multiple demands. On the other hand, rPFC might be fractionated into functionally specialised subregions. This thesis examines which of these accounts is more plausible. Therefore, four functional MRI studies were conducted, each of which compared two functions. These were hypothesised to share common processing denominators that might be supported by medial rPFC (mrPFC). It was assessed whether the functions are associated with haemodynamic signal changes in overlapping versus segregated subregions. Study I investigated the involvement of rPFC in prospective memory and in stimulus-oriented (i.e. triggered by the environment) versus stimulus-independent (i.e. decoupled from the environment) processing. Study II asked participants to envision future episodes of spending money (e.g., £35 at a Pub). It was hypothesised that subregions supporting such episodic prospection might also exhibit haemodynamic signal changes as a function of the imagined reward value (e.g., £35). In study III, participants first made personality trait judgements about themselves and others (i.e., their best friends), and then tried to remember the target of each judgement. It was investigated whether mrPFC subregions involved in thinking about oneself during those tasks might also support thinking about others to the degree that the other person is perceived as similar. Study IV examined the relationship between mrPFC engagement during self-appraisal and individual differences in the valuation of future rewards. Overall, the data are most consistent with a synthesis of the two accounts: mrPFC seems to be functionally fractionated. However, the specialised subregions appear to be engaged irrespective of the exact task context (e.g., the nature of the stimuli). Thus, these regions may be characterised as supporting central functions that are involved in coping with multiple demands.
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Villa, Palacios Sandra María. "Sistema automático de reconocimiento de rostros." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/581435.
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El presente proyecto propone un sistema automático de reconocimiento de rostros, a partir de la captura de imágenes faciales por medio de una cámara web. El sistema compara la imagen obtenida con aquellos de usuarios registrados, los cuales se encuentran en una base de datos.
Para poder comprender detalladamente el funcionamiento del sistema, el contenido del presente trabajo ha sido dividido en cinco capítulos: los tres primeros describen los fundamentos teóricos utilizados para el desarrollo del software, el cuarto explica con detalle el desarrollo del hardware y del software del sistema; el quinto capítulo contiene las pruebas que se realizaron y los resultados obtenidos.
Finalmente, se muestran las conclusiones y las recomendaciones para futuras mejoras.
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Martínez, Miralpeix Àlex. "Estudi de la idea de personalitat a través del rostre: Una aproximació quantitativa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/314383.
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En aquesta tesi doctoral s’ha fet una recerca per esbrinar el tipus d’imputacions sobre la personalitat que es fan quan s’observa un rostre.
Diverses recerques ens han mostrat com la percepció d’un rostre determinat ens condiciona a donar un tipus de respostes determinades i a establir un patró de relació concret només per la simple observació. D’aquesta manera hem pogut veure com existeix un fonament quan ens fem una idea d’aquella persona a partir del seu rostre. Com a base teòrica s’ha agafat la Teoria de Constructes Personals ja que ens permet donar un fonament a la totalitat d’elaboracions mentals que fa la persona davant qualsevol situació nova. Aquestes elaboracions es fonamenten en base a constructes que permetran donar a la persona una perspectiva sobre allò que succeirà. En aquesta recerca també s’ha fonamentat d’una teoria que fonamenta l’explicació de la personalitat que es la morfopsicologia, disciplina que estudia els trets facials per tal d’esbrinar la personalitat. L’objectiu d’aquesta recerca era conèixer en quina mesura es correlacionaven els fonaments de la morfopsicologia amb l’experiència de cada persona quan ha d’imputar personalitat en el moment que observa un rostre. Per aquesta raó es van buscar persones anònimes que el seu rostre es correspongués amb un dels quatre trets de personalitat estudiats (extraversió, introversió, reflexivitat, impulsivitat) d’acord amb els principis de la morfopsicologia. Aquestes fotografies es presentarien amb un test per cada fotografia en el que es farien preguntes sobre la personalitat d’una persona en concret, per tal de veure si hi hauria correspondència.
Posteriorment es van analitzar els resultats i es va veure com existia una correspondència entre el que les persones pensen al veure un rostre i el que la morfopsicologia proposa sobre la personalitat d’aquestes persones.Varias investigaciones nos han mostrado como la percepción de un rostro determinado nos condiciona a dar un tipo de respuestas determinadas y a establecer un patrón de relación concreto sólo por la simple observación. De esta manera hemos podido ver cómo existe un fundamento cuando nos hacemos una idea de esa persona a partir de su rostro. Como base teórica se ha tomado la Teoría de Constructos Personales ya que nos permite dar un fundamento a la totalidad de elaboraciones mentales que hace la persona ante cualquier situación nueva. Estas elaboraciones se fundamentan en base a constructos que permitirán dar a la persona una perspectiva sobre lo que sucederá. En esta investigación también se ha basado en una teoría que fundamenta la explicación de la personalidad que es la morfopsicología, disciplina que estudia los rasgos faciales para averiguar la personalidad. El objetivo de esta investigación era conocer en qué medida se correlacionaban los fundamentos de la morfopsicología con la experiencia de cada persona cuando tiene que imputar personalidad en el momento que observa un rostro. Por esta razón se buscaron personas anónimas que su rostro se correspondiera con uno de los cuatro rasgos de personalidad estudiados (extraversión, introversión, reflexividad, impulsividad) de acuerdo con los principios de la morfopsicología. Estas fotografías se presentarían con un test para cada fotografía en el que se harían preguntas sobre la personalidad de una persona en concreto, para ver si habría correspondencia. Posteriormente se analizaron los resultados y se vio como existía una correspondencia entre lo que las personas piensan al ver un rostro y lo que la morfopsicología propone sobre la personalidad de estas personas.
A number of studies have proven that the perception of a certain face conditions us to take certain kind of responses and to establish a pattern of particular value only by mere observation. Thus, we have seen that there is a foundation that we get an idea of that person from his face. Personal Construct Theory has been used as a theoretical basis of the foundation that we can give to the entire mental preparations for the new person in any situation. These elaborations are based on constructs that will give the person a perspective on what will happen. This research has also found a theory behind the explanation of the personality that morfopsychology, discipline that studies the facial features to determine their personality. The objective of this research was to determine to what extent the basics morfopsychology correlated with the experience of each person when to impute personality when observing a face. For this reason, ordinary people who sought his face is matched by one of the four studied personality traits (extraversion, introversion, reflection, impulsivity) in accordance with the principles of morfopsychology. These photographs are presented with a test photo in the questions that would be on the personality of a particular person, to see if there would be correspondence. Then we analysed the results and saw there was a correspondence between what people think and to see a face that suggests morfopsychology the personality of these people.
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Dumontheil, Iroise. "Cortex prefrontal rostral et contrôle de l'attention." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066505.
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Le cortex préfrontal rostral est une aire cérébrale plus étendue chez les humains que les autres primates et qui se développe tardivement jusqu’à l’adolescence. Trois expériences ont testés la Gateway hypothesis, qui propose que l’aire 10 soutient des processus de coordination de l’attention entre les informations dérivées de l’environnement (orientées vers le stimulus, SO), et les informations générées intérieurement (indépendantes du stimulus, SI). Une dissociation de fonction entre la partie médiale, associée à une amélioration de la performance dans des tâches d’attention SO et les parties latérales, associées à une allocation de l’attention vers les représentations SI, a été montrée par deux expériences d’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle. De plus, il a été démontré que les processus de l’aire 10 latérale pouvaient être recrutés dans des tâches de faible demande cognitive. Ces résultats permettent de mieux spécifier les fonctions possibles de l’aire 10.
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Hermosilla, Vigneau Gabriel Enrique. "Reconocimiento robusto de rostros usando imágenes térmicas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111129.
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Doctor en Ingeniería EléctricaEl principal objetivo de este trabajo de tesis es el estudio del reconocimiento de rostros en el espectro térmico (8-12 µm). Como parte de este estudio se analizan y comparan el desempeño de métodos y algoritmos de reconocimiento de rostros en el espectro térmico. También, se propone una metodología para desarrollar robustamente el reconocimiento de rostros térmicos, y se analiza cómo el reconocimiento de rostros térmicos se ve afectado por los cambios que sufren las imágenes térmicas cuando son capturadas en diferentes periodos de tiempo debido a cambios en el metabolismo y condiciones ambientales. Los métodos de reconocimiento de rostros fueron seleccionados por el desempeño obtenido en otros estudios comparativos, trabajar en tiempo real, requerir sólo una imagen por sujeto y operar en línea. El estudio analiza 3 métodos basados en calces locales: Histogramas LBP, Histogramas WLD y Descriptores Jets de Gabor, y 2 métodos basados en calces globales: el método SIFT y SURF. Los métodos son comparados utilizando la base de datos creada UCHThermalFace, que permite evaluar los métodos en condiciones reales ya que incluyen variaciones naturales de iluminación, imágenes capturas en interior y exterior, expresiones faciales, pose, accesorios y oclusión. Se analiza el uso de las características vasculares del rostro, que pueden ser obtenidas utilizando una cámara térmica. Se propone una metodología basada en el uso combinado de características fisiológicas de la red vascular del rostro humano y la intensidad de los pixeles del rostro térmico, metodología llamada VascularThermalFace. Además, se aborda un estudio de reconocimiento de rostros cuando existe diferencia temporal en la adquisición de las imágenes térmicas. Se crearon y analizaron 2 bases de datos llamadas UCHThermalTemporalFace y UCHThermalFaceIndoorOutdoor, donde se visualizan variaciones en el metabolismo de los sujetos durante diferentes días. Las principales conclusiones de este estudio muestran que: (i) el mejor resultado entre velocidad de procesamiento y altas tasas de reconocimiento es alcanzado por el método de Histogramas WLD, (ii) se valida el uso de la metodología VascularThermalFace, debido al buen desempeño obtenido por todos los métodos de reconocimiento y sus altas tasas de reconocimiento, (iii) experimentos con imágenes adquiridas en diferentes periodos de tiempo, muestran que el desempeño de los métodos es alto y solamente dependen de una buena configuración de la cámara térmica, (iv) experimentos con imágenes adquiridas en sesiones de interior-exterior y viceversa, muestran que el desempeño es bueno para métodos basados en calces locales y bajo para métodos basados en calces globales. De estos resultados, es posible diseñar un sistema de reconocimiento de rostros térmico que sea eficiente y robusto.
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Correa, Pérez Mauricio Alfredo. "Reconocimiento robusto de rostros en ambientes dinámicos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111967.
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Doctor en Ingeniería EléctricaEn la actualidad un problema fundamental para los sistemas robóticos que basan su sistema sensorial en la utilización de cámaras de video y sistemas de visión computacional es detectar y reconocer objetos de interés en ambientes no controlados. Por otro lado, el análisis del rostro juega un papel muy importante en la construcción de un sistema de Interacción Humano-Robot (HRI) que permita a los humanos interactuar con sistemas robóticos de un modo natural. En este trabajo de tesis se diseña e implementa un sistema de visión que opera en ambientes no controlados, y que es capaz de detectar y reconocer rostros humanos en forma robusta, utilizando métodos de visión activa e integrando diferentes tipos de contexto. Se plantea una metodología para la construcción del sistema de visión propuesto en forma general y se define cuales son los módulos principales que lo componen. Entre los cuales están los módulos de detección y reconocimiento de rostros, en particular el uso de contexto y un módulo de visión activa. Estos módulos permiten descartar falsas detecciones y realizar modificaciones a las observaciones para así mejorar el rendimiento del sistema de reconocimiento de rostros. Se desarrolla un simulador que se utiliza para validar el sistema general y en particular evaluar el funcionamiento de los diferentes módulos planteados. Este simulador es una poderosa herramienta que permite realiza evaluaciones de métodos de detección y reconocimiento de rostros ya que genera las observaciones de un agente dentro de un mapa virtual con personas. De los experimentos en el simulador y en otros ambientes se puede concluir que los módulos de contexto realizan un aporte significativo en el rendimiento del sistema de visión, mejorando las tasas de reconocimiento y reduciendo las tasas de falsos positivos en las detecciones de rostros. La tasa de reconocimiento aumenta de 78.41% a 86.77% con el uso de filtros de contexto. El uso de visión activa permite que la tasa de reconocimiento mejore de 86.77% a 92.92%, ya que permite que se construya una mejor galería (en caso que la galería se construye online), y mejorar la pose del robot con respecto a la persona en la etapa de reconocimiento. Se desarrolla un sistema robusto para la detección y la identificación de seres humanos en entornos domésticos el cual es evaluado en un robot de servicio. La principal función es evaluar el funcionamiento del sistema de visión propuesto en una aplicación real. Se agrega un nuevo sensor (cámara térmica) y se agregan nuevos módulos al sistema (Detección de Piel Visible y Térmica, Detección y reconocimiento de Rostros Térmico, Detección de Personas). Los resultados de la evaluación del sistema en una aplicación real (prueba enmarcada en la competencia de robótica RoboCup, que se llama Who is Who ) confirman que el uso de contexto mejora el rendimiento del sistema, permitiendo aumentar la tasa de reconocimiento de 54% a 74% y reduciendo el numero de falsos positivos a 0. Nuevamente la visión activa fue un factor importante para mejorar el desempeño del sistema en general, en todos los experimentos influyó de forma positiva en el funcionamiento del sistema.
Books on the topic "Rostrum"
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Iwajomo, Theo. On the rostrum. Akare, Ondo State, Nigeria: Government Printing Press, 1997.
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Rostrum: Ricardo Armas, 1972-2004. [Caracas, Venezuela]: Trasnocho Arte Contacto, 2004.
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Maestro, conductor or metro-gnome?: Reflections from the rostrum. Brighton, England: Sussex Academic Press, 2006.
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Gibert, Angeles Cardona de. Rostros: Camino de Santiago : el rostro del paisaje. Barcelona: PPU, 1989.
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Giró, Pilar. Cuixart: Rostres i figures = rostros y figuras = countenances and figures, 1942-1995. [Barcelona?]: Ediciones Oba, 1996.
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Azuero, Jean Carlo Mejía. Rostros. Bogotá, D.C: Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rostrum"
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Leppla, Norman C., Bastiaan M. Drees, Allan T. Showler, John L. Capinera, Jorge E. Peña, Catharine M. Mannion, F. William Howard, et al. "Rostrum." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3213. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3443.
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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Rostrum." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 2369. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_2762.
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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Rostrum." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_2762-2.
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Kapiris, Kostas, and Maria Thessalou-Legaki. "Sex-related variability of rostrum morphometry of Aristeus antennatus (Decapoda: Aristeidae) from the Ionian Sea (Eastern Mediterranean, Greece)." In Advances in Decapod Crustacean Research, 123–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0645-2_12.
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Bigbee, John. "Rostral." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3053. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_358.
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Bigbee, John. "Rostral." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2196. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_358.
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Bigbee, John. "Rostral." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_358-3.
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Mason, Peggy. "Rostral Ventromedial Medulla." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 3419–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_3849.
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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Alyssum rostratum Stev." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources, 177. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_591.
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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Solanum rostratum (Buffalobur nightshade)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 2404. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_873.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Rostrum"
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Wolf, A., A. Andrianakis, C. Holzmeister, U. Moser, T. Hirsch, T. Weiland, P. Kiss, and P. Tomazic. "Rostrum saves the brain but not the patient." In 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC: WO KOMMEN WIR HER? WO STEHEN WIR? WO GEHEN WIR HIN? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727702.
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Wolf, A., A. Andrianakis, C. Holzmeister, U. Moser, T. Hirsch, T. Weiland, P. Kiss, and P. Tomazic. "Das Rostrum rettet das Gehirn, aber nicht den Patienten." In 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC: WO KOMMEN WIR HER? WO STEHEN WIR? WO GEHEN WIR HIN? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727699.
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Wen, Hui. "Geometric morphometric analysis of the rostrum of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109245.
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Jansen, Michael Andrew. "Why the long face? Insights into the mechanical behavior of the rostrum in the genusCurculioLinnaeus, 1758." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115971.
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Klug, Theodore D., Glen E. D. Souza, Tory A. McKnight, Chandala Chitguppi, Blair M. Barton, Elina M. Toskala, Mark A. Rosen, Mindy R. Rabinowitz, and Gurston G. Nyquist. "Cauterization of the Sphenoid Rostrum during SPA Ligation: Does This Technique Decrease Number of Subsequent Rebleeds?" In Special Virtual Symposium of the North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725457.
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Luna Lozano, Sergio. "Sospechosos imaginarios: el retrato compuesto en el ámbito artístico por medio de los dispositivos fotográficos policiales." In I Congreso Internacional sobre Fotografia: Nuevas propuestas en Investigacion y Docencia de la Fotografia. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cifo17.2017.6765.
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La presente comunicación traza un recorrido a través de diferentes autores que han realizado series fotográficas basadas en el retrato compuesto fotográfico, por medio de aparatos y dispositivos de imagen o software informático, usados principalmente por los cuerpos de seguridad para recrear el rostro de un individuo a partir del testimonio de otra persona. Desde sus inicios, el retrato compuesto fotográfico ha estado muy relacionado con el interés por descubrir el rostro genérico del criminal, y es una de las principales preocupaciones que muy tempranamente manifestó Francis Galton (1822-1911), pionero en la práctica de la fotografía compuesta. Este tipo de modalidad fotográfica aparece en el ámbito científico que vio nacer a la eugenesia moderna, adquiriendo gran popularidad en la época. Pero es en el último cuarto del siglo XX y sobre todo a principios del presente siglo, coincidiendo con la expansión de la fotografía digital y las herramientas inherentes a la misma, que este tipo de práctica se diversifica en sus formas y su uso, pasando de tener un carácter pragmático, antropológico y fisiognómico, a su producción desde una perspectiva estética y artística. Los distintos aparatos fotográficos que han servido para la construcción de retratos compuestos en el ámbito policial suponen una evolución de los dispositivos surgidos a partir del último cuarto del siglo XIX, como el sintetizador Minolta Montage Unit (Unidad de montaje Minolta), un sistema fotográfico utilizado por la policía en los años setenta que a través de un mecanismo formado por espejos era capaz de mezclar hasta cuatro imágenes y que puede entenderse como una actualización del aparato óptico cercano al estereoscopio desarrollado por el propio Galton, que hacía visible la combinación visual de dos rostros creando así su promedio. O el photoFIT (Técnica de identificación facial fotográfica) impulsado por Jacques Penry, que se basaba en un sistema de fichas fotográficas de cartón intercambiables que se corresponden con distintas partes de numerosos rostros para así poder crear por medio de su combinación el retrato deseado. Un sistema que se ha actualizado con la aparición de distintos softwares informáticos como FACES o FACETTE, en los que se ve una clara referencia a los cuadros sinópticos de características fisonómicas creados por el francés Alphonse Bertillon, unos paneles que conformaban todo un atlas fotográfico de rasgos faciales. Es a partir de estos dispositivos que algunos artistas han producido distintos proyectos fotográficos tomando como punto de partida estas herramientas. Entre ellos cabe destacar las series Andere Porträts (1994/1995) de Thomas Ruff y Opfer (1987) de Clemens Mitscher, que usaron el sistema de la Minolta Montage Unit para generar los retratos promediados; la serie Autoportraits robots (2005) de Leandro Berra y The composites (2012 -) de Brian Joseph Davis que usan como medio principal fotográfico el programa FACES; o la serie Photofit: Self-Portraits (2007) de Giles Reveill y Matt Willey, cuyo proyecto se articula principalmente alrededor del Photofit kit de Jacques Penry.
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Thurmer, Clayton R., Jason D. Ray, Jordan D. Klein, Steven L. Bunkley, Anton Netchaev, Reena R. Patel, Guillermo A. Riveros, Edward J. Perkins, and Jan Jeffery Hoover. "Low SWaP, In-Situ Data Logger for Strain Measurement of Paddlefish Rostrums in Motion." In 2018 9th IEEE Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/uemcon.2018.8796561.
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García del Prado, Natalia, Víctor González Castro, Enrique Alegre, and Eduardo Fidalgo Fernández. "Comparación de métodos de detección de rostros en imágenes digitales." In XXXVIII Jornadas de Automática. Universidade da Coruña. Servizo de Publicacións, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497497749.0976.
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Günther, Sven, Georges Chebly, Marc Humbert, Isabelle Arnulf, Thomas Similowski, and Stefania Redolfi. "Overnight rostral fluid shift in group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.oa3527.
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Ibrahim, D. A., A. A. Abouarab, M. Rahouma, and M. K. Hussein. "Atypical Presentation of Rostral Brain Stem Syndrome During the Management of Hypertension Emergency." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6663.
Full textReports on the topic "Rostrum"
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Riveros, Guillermo, Felipe Acosta, Reena Patel, and Wayne Hodo. Computational mechanics of the paddlefish rostrum. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41860.
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Purpose – The rostrum of a paddlefish provides hydrodynamic stability during feeding process in addition to detect the food using receptors that are randomly distributed in the rostrum. The exterior tissue of the rostrum covers the cartilage that surrounds the bones forming interlocking star shaped bones. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this work is to assess the mechanical behavior of four finite element models varying the type of formulation as follows: linear-reduced integration, linear-full integration, quadratic-reduced integration and quadratic-full integration. Also presented is the load transfer mechanisms of the bone structure of the rostrum. Findings – Conclusions are based on comparison among the four models. There is no significant difference between integration orders for similar type of elements. Quadratic-reduced integration formulation resulted in lower structural stiffness compared with linear formulation as seen by higher displacements and stresses than using linearly formulated elements. It is concluded that second-order elements with reduced integration and can model accurately stress concentrations and distributions without over stiffening their general response. Originality/value – The use of advanced computational mechanics techniques to analyze the complex geometry and components of the paddlefish rostrum provides a viable avenue to gain fundamental understanding of the proper finite element formulation needed to successfully obtain the system behavior and hot spot locations.
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Acosta, Felipe, Guillermo Riveros, Reena Patel, and Wayne Hodo. Numerical simulation of biological structures : paddlefish rostrum. Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory (U.S.), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/32749.
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Patel, Reena, David Thompson, Guillermo Riveros, Wayne Hodo, John Peters, and Felipe Acosta. Dimensional analysis of structural response in complex biological structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41082.
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The solution to many engineering problems is obtained through the combination of analytical, computational and experimental methods. In many cases, cost or size constraints limit testing of full-scale articles. Similitude allows observations made in the laboratory to be used to extrapolate the behavior to full-scale system by establishing relationships between the results obtained in a scaled experiment and those anticipated for the full-scale prototype. This paper describes the application of the Buckingham Pi theorem to develop a set of non-dimensional parameters that are appropriate for describing the problem of a distributed load applied to the rostrum of the paddlefish. This problem is of interest because previous research has demonstrated that the rostrum is a very efficient structural system. The ultimate goal is to estimate the response of a complex, bio-inspired structure based on the rostrum to blast load. The derived similitude laws are verified through a series of numerical experiments having a maximum error of 3.39%.
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Patel, Reena. Complex network analysis for early detection of failure mechanisms in resilient bio-structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41042.
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Bio-structures owe their remarkable mechanical properties to their hierarchical geometrical arrangement as well as heterogeneous material properties. This dissertation presents an integrated, interdisciplinary approach that employs computational mechanics combined with flow network analysis to gain fundamental insights into the failure mechanisms of high performance, light-weight, structured composites by examining the stress flow patterns formed in the nascent stages of loading for the rostrum of the paddlefish. The data required for the flow network analysis was generated from the finite element analysis of the rostrum. The flow network was weighted based on the parameter of interest, which is stress in the current study. The changing kinematics of the structural system was provided as input to the algorithm that computes the minimum-cut of the flow network. The proposed approach was verified using two classical problems three- and four-point bending of a simply-supported concrete beam. The current study also addresses the methodology used to prepare data in an appropriate format for a seamless transition from finite element binary database files to the abstract mathematical domain needed for the network flow analysis. A robust, platform-independent procedure was developed that efficiently handles the large datasets produced by the finite element simulations. Results from computational mechanics using Abaqus and complex network analysis are presented.