Journal articles: 'Rotor lamination'

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Inalpolat, Murat, Bahadir Sarikaya, Enes Timur Ozdemir, and Hyun Ku Lee. "An analytical model for predicting noise radiated by switch reluctance electric motors." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4100–4110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2601.

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Switch reluctance motors (SRM) have become a prominent alternative for electric vehicles in recent years due to their simple, high power density architecture and cost-effective manufacturability. Despite its potential, NVH problems have been one of the biggest challenges for SRM's implementation. Vibration and noise generated by the SRM are mainly caused by phase switching related torque ripple, unbalanced electromagnetic forces from air gap variations and lamination problems. Our proposed model is an analytical noise radiation prediction model which relates geometrical, material and electrical design inputs to radiated sound power. The electromagnetic part of the model is nonlinear with saturation and provides back-emf and flux linkage by receiving design inputs. The computed magnetic energy, radial and tangential rotor forces are utilized as excitation sources to a continuous shell dynamic model to obtain the steady-state vibration response. Finally, surface velocities obtained from the shell model are used to calculate sound power. Utilizing a shell structure provides axial, radial and tangential information on the casing by considering the effect of magneto-restrictive forces of laminations, torque ripples and unbalanced electromagnetic forces. The effect of air gap, lamination error, and stator and rotor geometry on sound radiation are studied through an example case study.

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KIM, Yeong-Chun, and Kyung-Woong KIM. "Influence of Lamination Pressure upon the Stiffness of Laminated Rotor." JSME International Journal Series C 49, no. 2 (2006): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmec.49.426.

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Chen, An Pang, Chin Mei Lin, Ching Wen Lin, Chien Teng Hsieh, Ching Wen Lou, Ya Hui Young, and Jia Horng Lin. "Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness and Manufacture Technique of Functional Bamboo Charcoal/Metal Composite Woven." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.967.

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In order to fabricate textiles with electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and far infrared emissivity, we fabricated bamboo charcoal/metal (BC/M) composite wrapped yarns with metal wires (stainless steel wires or copper wires) as the core yarn and bamboo charcoal textured yarn as the wrapped yarns using a rotor twister machine. The optimum manufacture parameters included: the speed of the rotor twister was 8000 rpm and the wrapped amounts of the BC/M composite wrapped yarns were 4 turns/cm. The BC/M composite wrapped yarns were made into the BC/M composite woven fabrics using a loom machine. Moreover, we tested the BC/M composite woven fabrics in EMSE and then changed the lamination angles. When the lamination amount was 6, laminated angles were 0°/45°/90°/-45°/0°/45°, 0°/ 90°/0°/ 90°/0°/ 90°, and the frequencies of the incident waves were between 1.83 and 3 GHz, the EMSE of the BC/M composite woven fabrics reached 50 to 60 dB which was satisfactory.

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Ishizaki, Akira, Junichi Takayama, and Kazuo Saitoh. "Optimum design of rotor-core lamination in permanent magnet synchronous motors." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 107, no. 6 (1987): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.107.707.

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Zhang, Bing Yi, Sen Wang, and Gui Hong Feng. "The Analyse of High-Power Density and High-Efficiency PMSM." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 1651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1651.

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This paper attempts to present an optimal design strategy and characteristics of high-power permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM). The structures of rotor lamination, calculation of Air-gap Length, how temperature influences the performance of the motor and the calculation of Xad、Xaq under the equivalent direct axis are presented.

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Xiang, Hui Yu, De Mao Hu, Chong Jie Leng, and Yan Jue Gong. "The Finite Element Analysis of Rotor Contact Strength for a High-Speed Traction Motor." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.876.

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In order to evaluate the contact strength of a type of high-speed train traction motor rotor，in this paper, for the high speed test train traction motor under the five working conditions, Based on the established motor rotor 3D model, NX.Nastran environment, the contact pressure between rotor and lamination is analyzed by the finite element and got the stress intensity distribution on the rotor. The five working condition include starting, constant work starting condition, rated, short circuit condition, the highest speed condition. The result shows that for the high speed tractor motor, in the starting conditions, and won't appear rotor shaft and laminated relation between slip. The finite element method is useful to do the contact strength analysis, and thus to improve the design efficiency, increase the reliability of the product, and lay the foundation for the latter design optimization.

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Zhang, Zhiwei, and Libing Zhou. "Design And Rotor Geometry Analysis Of Permanent Magnet–Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines Using Ferrite Magnet." Journal of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2015-0051.

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Abstract Various electric machines can be the candidate for electric vehicles applications, including induction machines, permanent magnet synchronous machines, switched reluctance machines, etc. Another class of machine, which has been relatively ignored, is synchronous reluctance machines. In order to enhance and increase torque density of pure synchronous reluctance machines, the low cost permanent magnet can be inserted into rotor lamination to contribute torque production, which is so-called permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machines. This paper presents the design and rotor geometry analysis of low cost ferrite permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machines with transversally-laminated rotor. The advanced finite element method will be employed to calculate d-axis and q-axis inductance variation with rotor geometric parameters. The electromagnetic performance of optimized permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance machines will be evaluated as well.

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Liao, Yong, Zhen-Nan Fan, Li Han, and Li-Dan Xie. "Calculation and analysis of the loss and heat on damper bars in large tubular hydro-generator." Archives of Electrical Engineering 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2013-0004.

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Abstract In order to research the losses and heat of damper bars thoroughly, a multislice moving electromagnetic field-circuit coupling FE model of tubular hydro-generator and a 3D temperature field FE model of the rotor are built respectively. The factors such as rotor motion and non-linearity of the time-varying electromagnetic field, the stator slots skew, the anisotropic heat conduction of the rotor core lamination and different heat dissipation conditions on the windward and lee side of the poles are considered. Furthermore, according to the different operating conditions, different rotor structures and materials, compositive calculations about the losses and temperatures of the damper bars of a 36 MW generator are carried out, and the data are compared with the test. The results show that the computation precision is satisfied and the generator design is reasonable.

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Degner, M. W., R. Van Maaren, Azza Fahim, D. W. Novotny, R. D. Lorenz, and C. D. Syverson. "A rotor lamination design for surface permanent magnet retention at high speeds." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 32, no. 2 (1996): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.491487.

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Bianchini, Claudio, Ambra Torreggiani, Matteo Davoli, and Alberto Bellini. "Design of Low-Cost Synchronous Machine to Prevent Demagnetization." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 3566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143566.

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The request for high efficiency motor paves the way for the replacement of induction motors with permanent magnet synchronous motors. Although the efficiency is increased, for medium and high power, the current ripple causes significant additional losses in the magnet and lamination; and, high temperature can lead to demagnetization. In this paper, a new rotor topology is proposed and compared to a traditional surface permanent magnet rotor to reduce the magnet losses and protect them from demagnetization. A reference surface permanent magnet machine is compared with the proposed one in terms of performance and magnet losses. Both analytical and experimental analysis are carried out and discussed.

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Gmyrek, Zbigniew, Silvio Vaschetto, Mostafa Ahmadi Darmani, and Andrea Cavagnino. "Noninvasive Measurements and FEM Analyses for Estimating the Rotor Bar-Lamination Contact Resistance." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 57, no. 1 (January 2021): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2020.3028347.

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Bayraktar, Şenol, and Yakup Turgut. "Effects of different cutting methods for electrical steel sheets on performance of induction motors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 232, no. 7 (August 29, 2016): 1287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405416666899.

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In this study, by cutting electrical steel stator laminations, one of the most important components of electrical machines by different cutting methods, the effects of these cutting methods on motor efficiency are investigated. As cutting methods, wire electrical discharge machining, punching, laser and abrasive water jet methods are used. Burr formation at the cutting edge leads to short circuits during the steel packaging and causes magnetic losses in steel packages to increase. In addition, depending on the cutting methods, electrical steel lamination insulation layer is damaged as a result of residual and thermal stress formations. These negative conditions cause iron, friction and windage, stator, rotor and additional load losses occurred in the engine to decrease. In order to minimize these cases, electrical steel stator laminations are cut with the cutting parameters determined as a result of pre-cut tests and 5.5-kW induction motors are manufactured. These manufactured motors, according to IEC 60034-2-1-1B method, are subjected to no-load performance tests in addition to six different loading ratios of 25%–50%–75%–100%–115%–125% and constant 50 Hz frequency. As a result of the test measurements, losses occurred in electrical steels cut with abrasive water jet are found to be higher than the other cutting methods. In addition, in terms of the motor performance, the best results are obtained with wire electrical discharge machining cutting method.

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Sillanpää, Teemu, Alexander Smirnov, Pekko Jaatinen, Jouni Vuojolainen, Niko Nevaranta, Rafal Jastrzebski, and Olli Pyrhönen. "Three-Axis Inductive Displacement Sensor Using Phase-Sensitive Digital Signal Processing for Industrial Magnetic Bearing Applications." Actuators 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10060115.

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Non-contact rotor position sensors are an essential part of control systems in magnetically suspended high-speed drives. In typical active magnetic bearing (AMB) levitated high-speed machine applications, the displacement of the rotor in the mechanical air gap is measured with commercially available eddy current-based displacement sensors. The aim of this paper is to propose a robust and compact three-dimensional position sensor that can measure the rotor displacement of an AMB system in both the radial and axial directions. The paper presents a sensor design utilizing only a single unified sensor stator and a single shared rotor mounted target piece surface to achieve the measurement of all three measurement axes. The sensor uses an inductive measuring principle to sense the air gap between the sensor stator and rotor piece, which makes it robust to surface variations of the sensing target. Combined with the sensor design, a state of the art fully digital signal processing chain utilizing synchronous in-phase and quadrature demodulation is presented. The feasibility of the proposed sensor design is verified in a closed-loop control application utilizing a 350-kW, 15,000-r/min high-speed industrial induction machine with magnetic bearing suspension. The inductive sensor provides an alternative solution to commercial eddy current displacement sensors. It meets the application requirements and has a robust construction utilizing conventional electrical steel lamination stacks and copper winding.

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Gmyrek, Zbigniew, Silvio Vaschetto, Mostafa Ahmadi Darmani, and Andrea Cavagnino. "Errata to “Noninvasive Measurements and FEM Analyses for Estimating the Rotor Bar-Lamination Contact Resistance”." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 57, no. 4 (July 2021): 4347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2021.3080435.

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Lin, Chin Mei, and Jia Horng Lin. "Evaluation of the Function and Manufacturing Technique of Bamboo Charcoal Complex Yarns and Knitted Fabrics." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 7, no. 1 (March 2012): 155892501200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501200700112.

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To satisfy the many requirements of our daily life, complex textiles that are both functional and beneficial have been successfully designed and developed. This research investigates the design of bamboo charcoal/spandex (BC/S) complex yarns, fabricated with a blend of spandex and bamboo charcoal polyester textured yarn, which possess superior elastic recovery. The expansion multiples of the spandex was 1.5–3.5, the wrap counts are 2 −4.5 turns/cm, and the speed of the rotor twister was 4000-12000 rpm. When the speed of the rotor twister was between 4000 and 12000 rpm, the expansion multiple was 1.5 and the elastic recovery rate was maintained at 93% or above. Furthermore, the far infrared emissivity of BC/S complex knitted fabric was over 0.9, but descended with the lamination number. The BC/S complex knitted fabric also contained an anion count of 356 anions/cc.

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Yu, Wenfei, Wei Hua, and Zhiheng Zhang. "High-Frequency Core Loss Analysis of High-Speed Flux-Switching Permanent Magnet Machines." Electronics 10, no. 9 (May 2, 2021): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091076.

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Accurate prediction of core losses plays an important role in the design and analysis of flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines, especially during high-speed and high-frequency operation. Firstly, based on the numerical method, a high-frequency core loss prediction method considering a DC-bias magnetization component and local hysteresis loops as well as the harmonic effect is proposed. Secondly, the magnetizing characteristics of the silicon steel sheet and, consequently, the core loss of the electrical steel used as the core lamination are measured. Then, the loss coefficient of each core loss component is obtained by the data fitting tool. Based on the proposed method, the stator and rotor core losses of a three-phase, 12-stator-slot, and 10-rotor-pole (12/10) FSPM machine with different soft iron materials and driving modes are calculated. Finally, the results of the numerical method are verified by conventional finite element analysis.

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Szucs, Aron, Zlatko Kolondzovski, Jan Westerlund, and Juha Vahala. "Diamond enriched lamination and winding insulation for electrical machines." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2018-0397.

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Purpose The thermal management of electrical insulations poses a challenge in electrical devices as electrical insulators are also thermal insulators. Diamond is the best solid electrical insulator and thermal conductor. This can lead to a paradigm change for electrical machine winding and lamination insulation design and thermal management. The paper introduces these techniques and discusses its effect for the design of electrical machines and its potential consequences for electromagnetic analysis, for example, in multi-physics modelling. The diamond winding insulation is patent-pending, but the diamond enriched lamination insulation is published for the benefit of the scientific community. Design/methodology/approach The windings of electrical machines are insulated to avoid contact between the coil and other conductive components, for example, the stator core. The principle of using mica tape and resin impregnation has not changed for a century and is well established to produce main insulation on a complex conductor shape and size. These insulations have poor heat-conducting properties. Similarly, the insulation of laminated steel sheets comprising the stator and rotor restrict heat flow. Diamond-based insulation provides a new path. Increased thermal conductivity means reduced temperature rise and the reduced thermal time constants in multi-physics simulations and system analysis. Findings The largest benefit of a diamond-based core insulation is in electrical machines in which the losses are conducted axially to the coolant. These are machines with radial ducts and effective cooling in the end regions. The main benefit will be in reducing the number of radial ducts that positively affect the size, production costs and the copper losses of the machine. The increased thermal conductivity of the diamond insulation system will reduce the thermal constants noticeably. These will affect system behavior and the corresponding simulation methods. Originality/value Diamond insulation can lead to a paradigm change for electrical machine winding and lamination insulation design and thermal management. It might also lead to new modeling requirements in system analysis.

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Zheng, Yu Qiao, Rong Zhen Zhao, and Hong Liu. "Finite Element Modal Analysis of Large-Scale Composite Wind Turbine Blade." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.453.

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This paper presents a dynamic response analysis of the blade of horizontal axis wind turbines using finite element method. The blade is treated as a thin-walled beam based on the classical lamination theory, and accounts for arbitrary material layup and non-linear anisotropic fibre-reinforced composites. Applying the proposed method,A 29 m rotor blade, previously reported in specialized literature, was chosen as a case study the dynamic behaviour built in a FEM software tool. It is developed to predict natural frequencies and corresponding vibration modes in rotating blade in-plane and out-of-plane. Numerical results are serve as a design tool for the large composite wind turbine blade structure required during design and optimization.

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Lou, Ching-Wen, Ting-Ting Li, Po-Wen Hwang, An-Pang Chen, and Jia Horng Lin. "Preparation Technique and EMI Shielding Evaluation of Flexible Conductive Composite Fabrics Made by Single and Double Wrapped Yarns." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 12, no. 4 (December 2017): 155892501701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501701200410.

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Electronics products and communication equipment release electromagnetic (EM) waves in service. EM waves affect biological health and precision instrument accuracy. This study purposes to fabricate flexible conductive composite fabric which is made of complex yarn using metal (stainless steel, copper) fibers and PET filaments. Complex yarn is formed by a rotor twisting machine, at varying values of wrapped number (6.5-16 turns/cm) and lamination number (single-layer, double-layer). Results show that when the complex yarn was wrapped 16 turns/cm, volume resistivity reached 2.9 Ohm-cm and conductivity reaches 0.408 S/cm. Four layers of conductive composite plied with 0°/90°/ 0°/ 90° resulted in the optimum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, up to 47.7 dB.

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Price, G., F. P. E. Dunne, K. S. Teoh, and D. G. Walters. "Knowledge Elicitation and the Development of a Knowledge-Based System for Production Scheduling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 209, no. 2 (February 1995): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_061_02.

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A prototype knowledge-based system for automated production scheduling has been developed for a press shop, which manufactures laminations for stator and rotor packs and cores for electric motor production. The system is PC (personal computer) based, user friendly, and may be interfaced to the existing computer-based MRP (material requirements planning) system, making the transfer of production data quick and easy. The knowledge-based system has been tested and validated over a range of production circumstances and the predicted production schedules show close agreement with those manually produced, over longer time-scales, by the human scheduler. The knowledge elicitation procedures developed are described and, in particular, the use of a large flow diagram to describe the decision-making process during scheduling is discussed. The visual representation of the structure of the decision-making process is of particular benefit in aiding clarity of communication between the knowledge engineer and the domain expert. The techniques for knowledge acquisition within the production scheduling environment have been formalized and their use is advocated for use in the development of scheduling systems. For the prototype system to be of practical benefit within the press shop, further development of the system is necessary to enable all the presses and lamination combinations to be scheduled. This is currently being carried out within the company.

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Yamazaki, K., and Y. Watanabe. "Interbar current analysis of induction motors using 3-D finite-element method considering lamination of rotor core." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 42, no. 4 (April 2006): 1287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2006.871423.

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Karthaus, Jan, Simon Steentjes, Daniel Gröbel, Kolja Andreas, Marion Merklein, and Kay Hameyer. "Influence of the mechanical fatigue progress on the magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets." Archives of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2017-0026.

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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study the variation of the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel sheets with the fatigue state during cyclic mechanical loading. The obtained results are central to the design of variable drives such as traction drives in electric vehicles in which varying mechanical loads, e.g. in the rotor core (centrifugal forces), alter the magnetic properties. Specimens of non-oriented electrical steel are subject to a cyclically varying mechanical tensile stress with different stress amplitudes and number of cycles. The specimens are characterised magnetically at different fatigue states for different magnetic flux densities and magnetising frequencies. The measurements show a variation in magnetic properties depending on the number of cycles and stress magnitude which can be explained by changes in the material structure due to a beginning mechanical fatigue process. The studied effect is critical for the estimation of the impact of mechanical material fatigue on the operational behaviour of electrical machines. Particularly in electrical machines with a higher speed where the rotor is stressed by high centrifugal forces, material fatigue occurs and can lead to deterioration of the rotor’s stack lamination.

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Groschup, Benedikt, Alexandru Rosca, Nora Leuning, and Kay Hameyer. "Study of the Thermal Conductivity of Soft Magnetic Materials in Electric Traction Machines." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 5310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175310.

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The power density of traction drives can be increased with advanced cooling systems or reduced losses. In induction machines with housing and shaft cooling, the produced heat in the stator and rotor winding system needs to be extracted over the rotor and stator lamination. The influence of soft magnetic material parameters, such as texture, thickness or alloy components on the magnetization and loss behavior, are well studied. Studies about influencing factors on the thermal conductivity are hard to find. Within this study, eight different soft magnetic materials are analyzed. An analytical approach is introduced to calculate the thermal conductivity. Temperature-dependent measurements of the electric resistivity are performed to obtain sufficient data for the analytical approach. An experimental approach is performed. The thermal diffusivity, density, and specific heat capacity are determined. An accuracy study of all measurements is performed. The analytical and the experimental approach show good agreement for all materials, except very thin specimens. The estimated measurement error of those specimens has high values. The simplified case study illustrates the significant influence of the different soft magnetic materials on the capability to extract the heat in the given application.

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Cai, Haiwei, Bo Guan, Longya Xu, and Woongchul Choi. "Optimal design of synchronous reluctance machine." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 33, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 1569–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-09-2013-0287.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present optimally designed synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) to demonstrate the feasibility of eliminating the use of rare earth permanent magnet (PM) in electric machine for vehicle traction applications. Design/methodology/approach – A typical rare earth interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine is used as the benchmark to conduct the optimal design study. Based on the flux distribution, major changes are made to the rotor lamination design. Enhanced torque production and lower torque ripple are specifically targeted as the two main objectives of the proposed design approach. Findings – As a result, the optimally designed SynRM can achieve performance very close to that of the benchmark PM machine with a potential for further improvement. Originality/value – Discussions of IPM replacement by optimally designed SynRM in electrical and hybrid electrical vehicles are given in terms of performance and cost.

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Taghavi, Seyedmorteza, and Pragasen Pillay. "A Novel Grain-Oriented Lamination Rotor Core Assembly for a Synchronous Reluctance Traction Motor With a Reduced Torque Ripple Algorithm." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 52, no. 5 (September 2016): 3729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2016.2558162.

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Elkasabgy, N. M., and C. Di Pietro. "The effects of various magnetic materials on lamination design for stator–rotor diecasting of induction motors for electric vehicle applications." Journal of Applied Physics 75, no. 10 (May 15, 1994): 6039–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355501.

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Nugroho, Indra H., Hermawan Judawisastra, M. Giri Suada, and Mardjono Siswosuwarno. "Lay-Up Design of Low Wind Speed Composite Turbine Blade." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.981.

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Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) is a common composite material used for wind turbine blades because of its good strength to weight ratio. This paper describes the design process of GFRP material for a low wind speed (LWS) turbine blade. The wind turbine analyzed in this study is a 3-blades horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) with NACA 4415 airfoil and rotor diameter of 5 m. Parameters for the blade are thickness of skin and spar, lamination angle, and stacking sequence of the laminae. The design approach uses Carpet Plot Method based on Tsai-Hill failure criteria. Materials analyzed in this study are unidirectional E-glass fiber/epoxy composite and plain weave woven roving WR200 E-glass fiber/epoxy composite. There are 15 material configurations analyzed using a finite element software. The result shows top five of the composites configuration consisting of minimum 3 plies of 0°/90 direction fiber for the skin and ±45° direction fiber for the spar. The optimum configuration is [(0/90)]3 for the skin and (±45) for the spar both using plain weave woven roving WR200 E-glass fiber/epoxy composite. This configuration has margin of safety of 1.42 based on maximum principal stress and maximum deflection of 346 mm which is 0.14 of the total blade length. The predicted overall weight of the blade is 1.52 kg.

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Keogh, P. S., and M. O. T. Cole. "Rotor vibration with auxiliary bearing contact in magnetic bearing systems Part 1: Synchronous dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 217, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440603321509676.

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Magnetic bearing systems incorporate auxiliary bearings to prevent physical interaction between rotor and stator laminations. Rotor/auxiliary bearing contacts may occur when a magnetic bearing still retains a full control capability. To actively return the rotor to a non-contacting state it is essential to determine the manner in which contact events affect the rotor vibration signals used for position control. An analytical procedure is used to assess the nature of rotor contact modes under idealized contacts. Non-linearities arising from contact and magnetic bearing forces are then included in simulation studies involving rigid and flexible rotors to predict rotor response and evaluate rotor synchronous vibration components. An experimental flexible rotor/magnetic bearing facility is also used to validate the predictions. It is shown that changes in synchronous vibration amplitude and phase induced by contact events causes existing controllers to be ineffective in attenuating rotor displacements. These findings are used in Part 2 of the paper as a foundation for the design of new controllers that are able to recover rotor position control under a range of contact cases.

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Lesiak, Piotr, Adam Widomski, Łukasz Szelągowski, Piotr Sobotka, Anna Dużyńska, Anna Wróblewska, Konrad Markowski, Tomasz Osuch, and Tomasz Woliński. "Fiber Bragg grating as UVA sensor." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i1.806.

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The idea of this paper implies the possibility to exploit the properties of graphene oxide (GO) to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) UVA radiation sensor design. The idea assumes that a temperature change around the fiber can be induced by UVA radiation. UVA lighting will increase the internal energy of the GO and consequently locally raise the temperature on the surface of the optical fiber with FBG sensor and changing Bragg wavelength Full Text: PDF ReferencesZ. N. Azwa, B. F. Yousif, A. C. Manalo, W. Karunasena, " A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibres", Materials & Design, Vol. 47, pp. 424-442, 2013 CrossRef B. R?nby, "Photochemical modification of polymers - photocrosslinking, surface photografting, and lamination", Polymer Ing. & Science, Vol. 38, Iss. 8, pp 1229-1243, 1998 CrossRef P. Lesiak, M. Szeląg, D. Budaszewski, R. Plaga, K. Mileńko, G. Rajan, Y. Semenova, G. Farrell, A. Boczkowska, A. Domański, T. Woliński, "Influence of lamination process on optical fiber sensors embedded in composite material", Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, vol. 45, No. 9, pp. 2275-2280, 2012 CrossRef G. Eda et al., "Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material", Nature Nanotechnology 3, 270 (2008) CrossRef H. J. Kim et al., "Unoxidized Graphene/Alumina Nanocomposite: Fracture- and Wear-Resistance Effects of Graphene on Alumina Matrix", Scientific Reports 4, 5176 (2014) CrossRef A. Wróblewska et al., "Statistical analysis of the reduction process of graphene oxide probed by Raman spectroscopy mapping", Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 29, 475201 (2017) CrossRef P. Lesiak, P. Sobotka, M. Bieda, A. Dużyńska, A. Wróblewska, M. Chychłowski and T. R. Woliński, "Innovative UV sensor based on highly birefringent fiber covered by graphene oxide", Photonics Letters of Poland Vol. 7, No 4, pp. 124-126, 2015 CrossRef B. Qi, M. Bannister, X. Liu, A. Michie, L. Rajasekera, B. Ashton, Response of an embedded fibre Bragg grating to thermal and mechanical loading in a composite laminate, IOME Australasia, Materials Forum 27 (2004) 93?100. DirectLink E. Chehura, C-C. Ye, S. Staines, S. James, R. Tatam, Characterisation of the response of fibre Bragg gratings fabricated in stress and geometrically induced high birefringence fibres to temperature and transverse load, Smart Materials and Structures 13 (2004) 888?895. CrossRef K. Schroeder et al., A fiber Bragg grating sensor system monitors operational load in a wind turbine rotor blade, Measurement Science & Technology 17 (2006) 1167?1172. CrossRef Z. Zhou, Q. Liu, Q. Ai, C. Xu, Intelligent monitoring and diagnosis for modern mechanical equipment based on the integration of embedded technology and FBGS technology, Measurement 44 (9) (2011) 1499?1511 CrossRef Z. C. Wu et al., Science 305, 1273 (2004) CrossRef A. Jorio, M. Dresselhaus, R. Saito, and G. F. Dresselhaus, Raman Spectroscopy in Graphene Related Systems (Wiley-VCH, 2011) CrossRef G. Sobon, J. Sotor, J. Jagiello, R. Kozinski, M. Zdrojek, M. Holdynski, P. Paletko, J. Boguslawski, L. Lipinska, and K. M. Abramski "Graphene Oxide vs. Reduced Graphene Oxide as saturable absorbers for Er-doped passively mode-locked fiber laser" Optics Express 20, 19463 (2012) CrossRef

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Yu, Shen Bo, Lei Li, and Shen Cao. "Modal Analysis of Stator and Rotor in Large Capacity Permanent Magnet Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.41.

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This paper presents the modal analysis of stator and rotor in large capacity permanent magnet motor with exterior rotor. Modal analysis of motor has vital significant to suppress vibration and noise of the motor in operating. Models of stator and rotor in motor with exterior rotor are analyzed by finite element method. Calculation results of different models indicate that the laminations and windings in large capacity permanent magnet motor have substantial effect on natural frequencies and vibration shapes of stator of the motor. Magnets on interior surface in the exterior rotor have some influence on the modal of the rotor.

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Wang, K., Z. Q. Zhu, G. Ombach, M. Koch, S. Zhang, and J. Xu. "Torque ripple reduction of synchronous reluctance machines: using asymmetric flux-barrier." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2013-0367.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reduce the torque ripple but not to decrease the average torque of synchronous reluctance machines by using one step or more than two axially laminated rotors with asymmetric flux-barrier. Design/methodology/approach – A 24-slot four-pole synchronous reluctance machine with overlapping windings and asymmetric flux-barrier in the rotor is, first, described and designed by finite element (FE) method for maximizing average torque. The dimensions of asymmetric flux-barrier including the pole span angle and flux-barrier angle will be optimized to minimize the torque ripple and its influence on the average torque is also investigated by FE analysis. The impact of current angle on the average torque and torque ripple are also analysed. The step laminations together with the asymmetric flux-barrier are employed for further torque ripple reduction which can consider the both rotation directions. Findings – The torque ripple of synchronous reluctance machine can be significantly reduced by employing asymmetric flux-barrier but the average torque is not reduced. Research limitations/implications – The purely sinusoidal currents are applied in this analysis and the effects of harmonics in the current on torque ripple are not considered in this application. The 24-slot/four-pole synchronous reluctance machine with single-layer flux-barrier has been employed in this analysis, but this work can be continued to investigate the synchronous reluctance machine with multilayer flux-barrier. This asymmetric flux-barrier can be easily applied to permanent magnet (PM)-assisted synchronous reluctance machine and the interior PM machine with flux-barrier in the rotor, since the space which is used for PM insertion is the same as the SynRM machines. Originality/value – This paper has analysed the torque ripple and average torque of synchronous reluctance machines with asymmetric flux-barrier and step laminations with asymmetric flux-barrier. The torque ripple can be reduced by this flux-barrier arrangement. The difference of this technique with the other techniques such as stator/rotor skew is that the average torque can be improved.

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Yu, Jinpeng, Yan Zhou, Ni Mo, Zhe Sun, and Lei Zhao. "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis on the Influence of Rotor Non-Mechanical Errors of the Inductive Transducer in Active Magnetic Bearings." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 4376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124376.

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Inductive transducers are widely applied to active magnetic bearings (AMBs). However, when the rotor rotates at a high speed, the rotor defects will affect the measuring signal (the magnetic field generated by transducer coils) and then reduce the transducer measuring accuracy. The rotor in AMBs is assembled with laminations, which will result in rotor non-mechanical errors. In this paper, rotor non-mechanical errors, including the anisotropic internal permeability and anisotropic surface conductivity, and their influence on double-pole variable-gap inductive transducers are explored in depth. The anisotropic internal permeability will affect the transducer measuring accuracy and bring about 1.3 ± 0.1 % measurement error. The anisotropic surface conductivity leads to different eddy currents around the rotor, influences the equivalent reluctance of the magnetic circuit, and then affectsthe transducer measuring accuracy. The experiments prove that rotor non-mechanical errors have a significant influence on transducer measurement accuracy, and the reduction of the transducer excitation frequency can reduce the measurement error and improve the AMB control performance.

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Keogh, P. S., M. O. T. Cole, M. N. Sahinkaya, and C. R. Burrows. "On the Control of Synchronous Vibration in Rotor/Magnetic Bearing Systems Involving Auxiliary Bearing Contact." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1689362.

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During the normal operation of rotor/magnetic bearing systems, contacts with auxiliary bearings or bushes are avoided. However, auxiliary bearings are required under abnormal conditions and in malfunction situations to prevent contact between the rotor and stator laminations. Studies in the open literature deal largely with rotor drop and the requirements of auxiliary bearings design parameters for safe rundown. Rotor drop occurs when the rotor is delevitated and no further means of magnetic bearing control is available. This paper considers the case when full control is still available and rotor/auxiliary bearing contact has been induced by an abnormal operating condition or a temporary fault. It is demonstrated that events leading to contact from a linearly stable rotor orbit can drive the rotor into a nonlinear vibratory motion involving persistent contacts. Furthermore, the phase of the measured vibration response may be changed to such an extent that synchronous controllers designed to minimize rotor vibration amplitudes will worsen the rotor response, resulting in higher contact forces. A modified controller design is proposed and demonstrated to be capable of returning a rotor from a contacting to a noncontacting state.

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Sarac, Vasilija Jovan, and Goce Stefanov. "Various Rotor Topologies of Line-Start Synchronous Motor for Efficiency Improvement." Power Electronics and Drives 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2020-0006.

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Abstract Line-start synchronous permanent magnet motor (LSSPMM) is being considered as a replacement or alternative to asynchronous squirrel-cage motor (AM) in constant speed applications. This is due to the better efficiency and power factor than the asynchronous motor. There are various rotor topologies of LSSPMM concerning the magnets placement and their dimensions. The paper analyses six different rotor topologies in terms of achieving the best efficiency and power factor for the same output power of the motor with minimal consumption of permanent magnet material. All other motor design parameters remain unchanged, i.e. all motor topologies are analysed for the same stator laminations and the same motor windings. The numerical finite element method (FEM) models and dynamic models for obtaining transient characteristics of speed, torque and current verify the proposed design of various motor models. The results from all motor models are compared and adequate conclusions are derived regarding the optimal rotor topology in terms of obtaining the best efficiency and power factor with minimal consumption of permanent magnet material, for the same output power of the motor.

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Taghavi, Seyed Morteza, and Pragasen Pillay. "A Mechanically Robust Rotor With Transverse Laminations for a Wide-Speed-Range Synchronous Reluctance Traction Motor." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 6 (November 2015): 4404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2015.2445819.

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Chen, Zongyu, Jiuzhi Dong, and Xingfei Li. "Study on the electromagnetic fields of a novel small-angle transducer used in high-precision inertial sensors." Sensor Review 39, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-11-2018-0313.

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Purpose Microsyn signal generators have been used in high-precision inertial sensors for their good structural stiffness and high sensitivity. However, as the stator and the rotor of the microsyn are both constructed of silicon-steel laminations with high permeability, an extremely small non-concentricity between the stator and rotor of microsyn will cause two random reaction torques acting on the output axis. As a result, difficulty arises in compensating for these random reaction torques. This study aims to investigate the electromagnetic fields of a novel angular transducer characterized by high sensitivity. Design/methodology/approach Based on the operation principles of the new transducer, the output voltage is decided by the time rate of change of the net magnetic flux of each output pole. The transient analysis of the electromagnetic field of the transducer is carried out by ANSYS Maxwell-3D. Findings The distributions of the magnetic flux of the transducer’s interior and eddy current on the rotor are consistent with the results of theory analysis. Moreover, the leakage flux mainly distributes nearby the excitation poles. The novel small-angle transducer also possesses a remarkably low reaction torque and power loss. Practical implications Study on the electromagnetic fields of the new transducer not only provides a powerful basis to further improve the precision of the new transducer but also expands the scope of applications of the new transducer. Originality/value This new transducer is not only characterized by a high sensitivity, high linearity and fast response but also extremely low reaction torque and power losses. Thus, the new transducer is suitable for high-precision inertial sensors.

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Gnaniah, Augustine Mathu, Balaji Mahadevan, and Kamaraj Vijayarajan. "Influence of Laminating Materials and Modified Pole Shapes on the Performance of Segmented Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor." Journal of Magnetics 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2020.25.3.347.

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Pang, Da-Chen, Zhen-Jia Shi, Pei-Xuan Xie, Hua-Chih Huang, and Gia-Thinh Bui. "Investigation of an Inset Micro Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Soft Magnetic Composite Material." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 4445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174445.

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This paper presents the world’s smallest inset permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with a soft magnetic composite (SMC) core, providing ease of manufacturing for micromachine applications without silicon steel laminations. The inset motor can offer an additional reluctance torque and higher torque density with a lower usage amount of permanent magnet. A 15 mm diameter inset motor was developed with the thickness of a tile-type permanent magnet which is limited to 1 mm by the manufacturer. The motor was designed with high torque density and low torque ripple by varying the interpole iron width for the rotor. Two inset motors were made using both SMC and silicon steel materials for comparison. The performance of the SMC motor was inferior to the silicon steel motor, but it still meets the specifications of the commercial market. If the thickness of the tile-type permanent magnet is further reduced, the micro inset motor with a SMC core can be easily mass-manufactured using powder sintering.

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Gmyrek, Zbigniew, Marcin Lefik, Andrea Cavagnino, and Luca Ferraris. "Comparison of the fractional power motor with cores made of various magnetic materials." Open Physics 15, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2017-0097.

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AbstractThe optimization of the motor cores, coupled with new core shapes as well as powering the motor at high frequency are the primary reasons for the use of new materials. The utilization of new materials, like SMC (soft magnetic composite), reduce the core loss and/or provide quasi-isotropic core’s properties in any magnetization direction. Moreover, the use of SMC materials allows for avoiding degradation of the material portions, resulting from punching process, thereby preventing the deterioration of operating parameters of the motor. The authors examine the impact of technological parameters on the properties of a new type of SMC material and analyze the possibility of its use as the core of the fractional power motor. The result of the work is an indication of the shape of the rotor core made of a new SMC material to achieve operational parameters similar to those that have a motor with a core made of laminations.

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Masmoudi, Asma, and Ahmed Masmoudi. "Iron loss in FSPMM: 2D FEA-based comparative study between single and double-layer topologies." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2014-0244.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the study between two topologies of fractional-slot permanent-magnet machines such that: double-layer topology and single-layer one. The comparison considers the assessment of the iron loss in the laminated cores of the magnetic circuit as well as in the permanent magnets (PMs) for constant torque and flux weakening ranges. Design/methodology/approach – The investigation of the hysteresis and eddy-current loss has been carried out using 2D transient FEA models. Findings – It has been found that the stator iron losses are almost the same for both topologies. Whereas, the single-layer topology is penalized by higher iron loss especially the eddy-current ones taking place in the PMs. This is due to their denser harmonic content of the armature air gap MMF spatial repartition. Originality/value – The analysis of the iron loss maps in different parts of each machine including stator and rotor laminations as well as the PMs, in one hand, and the investigation of their variation with respect to the speed, in the other hand, represent the major contribution of this work.

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Sivasamy, Saravanan, M. Marsaline Beno Maria, and Prabhu Sundaramoorthy. "Performance investigation of doubly salient outer rotor switched reluctance motor using finite element analysis." Circuit World ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 5, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-06-2020-0115.

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Purpose The automotive industry extensively uses switched reluctance motors (SRM) because of their excellent performance. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the design of a particular type of SRM called doubly salient outer rotor switched reluctance motor (DSORSRM) for electric vehicle application in this paper. Design/methodology/approach Different configurations of DSORSRM motor such as long flux path SRM, reduced flux path mutually coupled SRM and short flux path SRM (SF-SRM) are considered for investigation. The best configuration based on average torque is selected for further investigation by conducting an electromagnetic analysis. Also, in the proposed design, laminating material with low iron loss and superior performance characteristics is selected by doing electromagnetic analysis for SRM with M19, M660-50D, M-19 and M800-100A non-oriented laminating core material. Because vibrations are produced in DSORSRM devices as a result of changing induction, a mechanical analysis was performed to estimate the natural frequencies of vibration and the amplitudes that may lead to acoustic noises. Findings SF-SRM configuration with three-phase, 12/10, 250 W, 48 V, 1,000 rpm is selected with the impact in the elimination of flux reversals and also has various salient features such as singly excited, no rotor windings, no permanent magnet, pure in construction and high starting torque. Still, this SRM suffers from vibration owing to changing induction. In lamination material selection, M19 is chosen as optimized material to obtain vibration reduction. Vibration analysis was performed for the optimized 12/10 SF-SRM with M19 lamination material, and the corresponding modes for the machine to operate with reduced vibration are analyzed. The current and speed characteristics of the prototype model for the DSORSRM motor are obtained and validated with finite element analysis (FEA) results. Originality/value The performed FEA result shows that the proposed DSORSRM with short flux path configuration produces a high average torque of 1.915 N m. The M19 lamination material gives a minimum iron loss of 9.056 W. The modal frequencies are estimated and validated with numerical equations.

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Mogenier, Guillaume, Thouraya N. Baranger, Régis Dufour, Lionel Durantay, and Nicolas Baras. "Efficient Model Development for an Assembled Rotor of an Induction Motor Using a Condensed Modal Functional." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 6, no. 2 (October 28, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4002381.

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In order to predict the lateral rotordynamics of a high-speed induction motor, an optimization procedure is proposed for identifying the equivalent constitutive properties especially those of the magnetic core: an assembly of lamination stack, tie rods, and short-circuit rods. Modal parameters predicted by a finite element (FE) branched model based mainly on beam and disk elements and measured on an induction motor are included in an original energy functional. The minimization of this functional by using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm permits extracting the equivalent constitutive properties of the lamination stack.

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Komęza, Krzysztof, Maria Dems, and Jean-Philippe Lecointe. "Investigation of high frequency loss in electrical machine lamination considering skin effect and hysteresis." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, October 27, 2020, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209507.

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Reducing induction motor losses is very important because of the fulfilment of increasingly stringent requirements set by international regulations for reducing electricity consumption. Since core losses begin to dominate in motors operating at higher frequencies the exact calculation becomes more and more important. The common view is that losses due to higher harmonics caused by stator and rotor slotting constitute an important part of losses in the motor core. Proper calculation of the core losses requires inclusion both hysteresis and eddy current phenomena. For the hysteresis simulation, method included in package Opera 3D has been used. Using that model it was possible to investigate flux behavior at high frequency like as for higher harmonics field. Next part is focused on practical determining of proper method for higher harmonics losses limitation.

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Ghoneam, Sobhy, Ahmed Hamada, and Taha Sherif. "Modeling and Optimization for the Dynamic Performance of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Composite Blades." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 143, no. 2 (August 27, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4048159.

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Abstract This article presents a study of modeling and optimization for the dynamic performance of wind turbine composite material blades and investigates the effects of composite material stacking sequence in addition to some design parameters such as twist angle (ɸ) and aspect ratio (AR) on the whole wind turbine performance. The two-stage Savonius rotor VAWT composite blades are designed and simulated within the solidworks simulation 2020 package. Modified mechanical parameters are introduced to improve the scalability, reliability, and accuracy of the developed models. The lamination plate theory is used to compute the equivalent mechanical properties for each composite blade. The finite element analyses (FEAs) are conducted to investigate the dynamic characteristics (frequency and associated mode shapes) of wind turbine models. Taguchi tools such as analysis of variance (ANOVA), signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and additive model were employed to evaluate and obtain the significant factors and determine the optimal combination levels of wind turbine design parameters. Mathematical modeling based on response surface methodology (RSM) has been established. The analysis of results shows that the aspect ratio with a contribution of 48.08% had the dominant impact on the rotor performance followed by the stacking sequence and twist angle.

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"ROTELLOY 3." Alloy Digest 53, no. 4 (April 1, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.ad.fe0128.

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Abstract Rotelloy 3 has the same composition as Permandur 49 and was specifically developed for aircraft generator rotor and stator laminations. In addition to a slightly improved magnetic performance, this grade is supplied with guaranteed minimum mechanical properties. This alloy complies with requirements of ASTM A 801. It is available in strip form only. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on machining. Filing Code: FE-128. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rotor lamination'

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