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Journal articles on the topic 'Rough work'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 25 June 2025

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1

Agusfrianto, Fakhry Asad, Fitriani Fitriani, and Yudi Mahatma. "ROUGH RINGS, ROUGH SUBRINGS, AND ROUGH IDEALS." Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA) 5, no. 2 (2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jfma.v5i2.15194.

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The basic concept in algebra that is set theory can be expanded into rough sets. Basic operations on the set such as intersections, unions, differences, and complements can still apply to rough sets. In addition, one of the applications of rough sets is the use of rough matrices in decision making. Furthermore, mathematical or informatics researchers who work on rough sets connect the concept of rough sets with algebraic structures (groups, rings, and modules) so that a concept called rough algebraic structures is obtained. Since the research related to rough sets is mostly carried out at the same time, different concepts have emerged related to rough sets and rough algebraic structures. In this paper, other definitions of rough ring and rough subring will be given along with related examples and theorems. Furthermore, it will also be defined the left ideal and the right ideal of the rough ring along with examples. Finally, we will discuss the theorem regarding rough ideals.

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Newman, Patrick J., and W. Ashley Griffith. "The work budget of rough faults." Tectonophysics 636 (December 2014): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.08.007.

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3

Staehler, Tanja. "Rough Cut." Janus Head 11, no. 2 (2009): 345–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh200911211.

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This essay interprets the work of the German choreographer Pina Bausch with the help of phenomenological examinations by Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Emmanuel Levinas, and Martin Heidegger. Pina Bauschs choreography not only shares basic themes like the everyday, the body, and moods with phenomenology, but they also yield similar results in overcoming traditional dualist frameworks. Rather than being an instrument for expressing ideas, the body is in constant exchange with the natural elements, exhibiting vulnerability and passivity. Moods, in turn, are neither subjective nor objective; this also holds for longing, an essential constituent of Pina Bausch's work. Dance theater and phenomenology, each in their unique ways, are capable of acknowledging and accommodating the ambiguity of our human existence.

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Chen, Jieh-Haur, Chih-Lin Chen, and Hsi-Hsien Wei. "Manpower Allocation of Work Activities for Producing Precast Components: Empirical Study in Taiwan." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (2023): 7436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097436.

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The production of precast components in the construction industry is a labor-intensive process. The objectives of this study are to prove the feasibility of using rough set theory to classify and weigh impact attributes, and to develop a model to assess the total quantities of labor needed for precast structural elements using a rough set enhanced K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Three main building components (beams, girders, and columns) were collected from the production of precast elements in Taiwan. After trimming and analyzing the basic data, the rough set approach is used to classify and weight the attributes into three levels of impact based on their frequency. A rough set enhanced KNN is accordingly developed, yielding an accuracy rate of 92.36%, which is 8.09% higher than the result obtained when using the KNN algorithm. A practical and effective prediction model would assist managers to estimate the manpower requirement of precast projects.

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Phillips, M. Scott. "Termites and Rough Theatre." Afterimage 51, no. 2 (2024): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.2024.51.2.58.

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Poet and art critic David Antin observed that, to a great degree, video art derives significance from its relation to some aspect of television. This article acknowledges this and examines video art in the context of a cultural critique via a distinctive mixture of cross-disciplinary collaborations within the arts during the latter half of the twentieth century. While the video art Antin described can be considered an extension of the postwar recalibration of the emphasis placed on art as object, it was also the beneficiary of early twentieth-century experimentation, such as Dada’s challenge to notions of art and expectations regarding aesthetics, as well as early experimentation in cinema. This intersection of culture and art histories finds its way into the early video work of Daniel Boord. My main interest in Boord’s work is its relation to experimentation with theatricality, an area not usually associated with video art. Boord’s “lowbrow” absence of pretense and disregard for reductive formalism align well with Peter Brook’s conception of the “Rough Theatre,” as well as film critic Manny Farber’s notion of “termite art,” art that “feels its way through walls of particularization” and eats at its own boundaries. Boord’s work is a self-propelled dizzying array of humor, ideas, and juxtapositions that are well suited for the twentieth century—work that moves along according to its own self-defined boundaries of invention.

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Khairaliyev S., S. "COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION AT REST OF ROUGH SURFACES." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 20, no. 2 (44) (2023): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023no2/12-19.

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At present, the process of designing dry friction units for mechanical engineering and some other structures is becoming more and more laborious, forcing designers to make more and more efforts in this work. A significant complication of the work performed gives the random nature of the roughness of both contacting surfaces and this circumstance forces the designers to look for new ways to solve existing problems. In this paper, we consider the contact interaction of two rough parts, the roughness of which is modeled by spherical surfaces. The proposed friction pair model makes it possible to estimate the interaction forces of contacting rough surfaces acting between the considered surfaces. It should be emphasized that this paper considers the interaction of contacting bodies with an applied external force capable of starting the relative movement / sliding of the considered bodies with rough surfaces.

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KAWADA, Kenji, and Motoo KONDO. "A Study for Optimumized Rough Cutting by Work Measurement." Proceedings of Autumn Conference of Tohoku Branch 2003.39 (2003): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetohoku.2003.39.279.

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8

Knor, Z. "Resolution of work function patches on atomically rough surfaces." Surface Science Letters 169, no. 2-3 (1986): L317—L320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(86)91234-x.

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9

Knor, Z. "Resolution of work function patches on atomically rough surfaces." Surface Science 169, no. 2-3 (1986): L317—L320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(86)90600-x.

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10

Khairaliyev, S. "STATIC INTERACTION OF ROUGH SURFACES UNDER NORMAL FORCE." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 17, no. 2 (2020): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020no2/110-115.

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Modern mechanical engineering designs (and some others) make more and more demands on the development of mathematical models of units in which friction is present. A condition that significantly complicates the study of the properties of a frictional contact is its discreteness with different geometric parameters of two contacting bodies, as a result of which the contact is formed only between a part of the roughness of the rubbing bodies (base and slide). The geometry of the contacting surfaces can most accurately be described by random functions, however, methods for calculating friction nodes based on random functions are very complicated. This work is the initial stage of building a model of contact interaction of two rough bodies with roughness parameters that are different for the two bodies, but constant for each individual body. In addition, the model of contact interaction is considered with a variable force compressing the contacting bodies, in the absence of an external shear force in the contact plane, and this work allows you to check the accuracy of constructing a model of interaction of friction surfaces with a relatively simple scheme of interaction of these surfaces.

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11

Glovnea, R. P., A. V. Olver, and H. A. Spikes. "Lubrication of Rough Surfaces by a Boundary Film-Forming Viscosity Modifier Additive." Journal of Tribology 127, no. 1 (2005): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1828069.

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In previous work it was shown that some functionalized polymers used as viscosity index improvers are able to form thick boundary lubricating films. This behavior results from adsorption of the polymer on metal surfaces to form a layer of enhanced viscosity adjacent to the surface. In the current work the behavior of one such polymer in rough surface contact conditions is studied, using both model and real rough surfaces. It is found that the polymer is able to form a thick boundary film in rough surface contact, just as it does with smooth surfaces. It is also shown that the effect of this boundary film is to significantly reduce friction in rolling-sliding, rough surface, lubricated contact.

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12

Praba, B., and X. A. Benazir Obilia. "Rainbow Connection Number and Chromatic Index of Rough Ideal based Rough Edge Cayley Graph." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (2018): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13094.

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Rainbow connection number and chromatic index are two significant parameters in the study ofgraph theory. In this work, rainbow connection number and chromatic index of Rough Ideal based Rough Edge Cayley Graph G(T(J)) are evaluated. We prove that the rainbow connection number of G(T(J)) is 2 and the chromatic index of G(T(J)) is 2(2n^m)(3m^1):Rainbow connection number and chromatic index are two significant parameters in the study of graph theory. In this work, rainbow connection number and chromatic index of Rough Ideal based Rough Edge Cayley Graph are evaluated. We prove that the rainbow connection number of is 2 and the chromatic index of is .

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13

Sokolović, Jovica, Rodoljub Stanojlović, Ljubiša Andrić, Zoran Štirbanović, and Nikola Ćirić. "Analysis of the industrial results of the rough flotation process of copper ore in Majdanpek Copper Mine." Tehnika 75, no. 4 (2020): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2004447s.

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This paper presents the results of an industrial testing of the phase of rough flotation of copper ore from the deposit "North revir" in the Copper Mine Majdanpek. The achieved technological parameters in the rough flotation process, the results of grain size analysis by size classes of on the tested products, as well as the recovery and content of copper by size classes in the products of rough flotation show that the process of rough flotation does not work satisfactorily.

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14

Huang, Aiping, and William Zhu. "Geometric Lattice Structure of Covering-Based Rough Sets through Matroids." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/236307.

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Covering-based rough set theory is a useful tool to deal with inexact, uncertain, or vague knowledge in information systems. Geometric lattice has been widely used in diverse fields, especially search algorithm design, which plays an important role in covering reductions. In this paper, we construct three geometric lattice structures of covering-based rough sets through matroids and study the relationship among them. First, a geometric lattice structure of covering-based rough sets is established through the transversal matroid induced by a covering. Then its characteristics, such as atoms, modular elements, and modular pairs, are studied. We also construct a one-to-one correspondence between this type of geometric lattices and transversal matroids in the context of covering-based rough sets. Second, we present three sufficient and necessary conditions for two types of covering upper approximation operators to be closure operators of matroids. We also represent two types of matroids through closure axioms and then obtain two geometric lattice structures of covering-based rough sets. Third, we study the relationship among these three geometric lattice structures. Some core concepts such as reducible elements in covering-based rough sets are investigated with geometric lattices. In a word, this work points out an interesting view, namely, geometric lattice, to study covering-based rough sets.

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15

Kaur, Manpreet, Reena Antal, and Meenakshi Chawla. "Neutrosophic Copson Type Rough I-Statistical Convergent Sequences." Pan-American Journal of Mathematics 4 (March 27, 2025): 7. https://doi.org/10.28919/cpr-pajm/4-7.

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The main objective of work is to study the concept of rough I-statistical convergence for Copson-transformation in the setup of neutrosophic normed spaces by considering algebraic and topological properties of the set of rough ideal statistical limit points for Copson transformation sequences. We also defined the set of rough I-statistical cluster points and investigated some properties for the sequences using Copson-transformation.

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16

Nakagiri, Nobuyuki, and Hiroshi Kaizuka. "Simulations of STM Images and Work Function for Rough Surfaces." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 29, Part 1, No. 4 (1990): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.29.744.

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17

Grant, Darlene. "A Rough Uncut Gem for Culturally Sensitive Social Work Practice." Contemporary Psychology 49, no. 5 (2004): 520–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/004781.

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18

Chatterjee, Niladri, Aayush Singha Roy, and Nidhika Yadav. "Soft Rough Set based span for unsupervised keyword extraction." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 42, no. 5 (2022): 4379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-219228.

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The present work proposes an application of Soft Rough Set and its span for unsupervised keyword extraction. In recent times Soft Rough Sets are being applied in various domains, though none of its applications are in the area of keyword extraction. On the other hand, the concept of Rough Set based span has been developed for improved efficiency in the domain of extractive text summarization. In this work we amalgamate these two techniques, called Soft Rough Set based Span (SRS), to provide an effective solution for keyword extraction from texts. The universe for Soft Rough Set is taken to be a collection of words from the input texts. SRS provides an ideal platform for identifying the set of keywords from the input text which cannot always be defined clearly and unambiguously. The proposed technique uses greedy algorithm for computing spanning sets. The experimental results suggest that extraction of keywords using the proposed scheme gives consistent results across different domains. Also, it has been found to be more efficient in comparison with several existing unsupervised techniques.

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19

Hassan, Yasser F. "Deep learning architecture using rough sets and rough neural networks." Kybernetes 46, no. 4 (2017): 693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-09-2016-0228.

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Purpose This paper aims to utilize machine learning and soft computing to propose a new method of rough sets using deep learning architecture for many real-world applications. Design/methodology/approach The objective of this work is to propose a model for deep rough set theory that uses more than decision table and approximating these tables to a classification system, i.e. the paper propose a novel framework of deep learning based on multi-decision tables. Findings The paper tries to coordinate the local properties of individual decision table to provide an appropriate global decision from the system. Research limitations/implications The rough set learning assumes the existence of a single decision table, whereas real-world decision problem implies several decisions with several different decision tables. The new proposed model can handle multi-decision tables. Practical implications The proposed classification model is implemented on social networks with preferred features which are freely distribute as social entities with accuracy around 91 per cent. Social implications The deep learning using rough sets theory simulate the way of brain thinking and can solve the problem of existence of different information about same problem in different decision systems Originality/value This paper utilizes machine learning and soft computing to propose a new method of rough sets using deep learning architecture for many real-world applications.

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20

Wang, Yuechang, Abdullah Azam, Mark CT Wilson, Anne Neville, and Ardian Morina. "Generating fractal rough surfaces with the spectral representation method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 235, no. 12 (2021): 2640–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13506501211049624.

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The application of the spectral representation method in generating Gaussian and non-Gaussian fractal rough surfaces is studied in this work. The characteristics of fractal rough surfaces simulated by the spectral representation method and the conventional Fast Fourier transform filtering method are compared. Furthermore, the fractal rough surfaces simulated by these two methods are compared in the simulation of contact and lubrication problems. Next, the influence of low and high cutoff frequencies on the normality of the simulated Gaussian fractal rough surfaces is investigated with roll-off power spectral density and single power-law power spectral density. Finally, a simple approximation method to generate non-Gaussian fractal rough surfaces is proposed by combining the spectral representation method and the Johnson translator system. Based on the simulation results, the current work gives recommendations on using the spectral representation method and the Fast Fourier transform filtering method to generate fractal surfaces and suggestions on selecting the low cutoff frequency of the power-law power spectral density. Furthermore, the results show that the proposed approximation method can be a choice to generate non-Gaussian fractal surfaces when the accuracy requirements are not high. The MATLAB codes for generating Gaussian and non-Gaussian fractal rough surfaces are provided.

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Farahat, Asmaa, and Khalid Hussein. "Computational Performance of GTD-RT Applied for Evaluation of Electromagnetic Scattering on Rough Surfaces." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 6 (2021): 610–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.360601.

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In this paper, a new robust computational method that applies the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) in conjunction with the ray tracing (RT) technique is developed to evaluate the electromagnetic scattering pattern due to a plane wave represented as beam of parallel rays incident on a rough surface of quite arbitrary statistical parameters. The development of the proposed technique is explained in detail taking into consideration the generation of the geometrical model of the rough surface. The Fresnel reflection model is applied under the assumption of arbitrary electrical and optical properties of the rough surface material. Also the polarization of the plane wave primarily incident on the rough surface is taken into consideration. The algorithm developed in the present work accounts for multiple bounces of an incident ray and, hence, it can be considered arbitrary higher-order GTD-RT technique. The accuracy of the obtained results is verified through the comparison with the experimental measurements of the scattering pattern of a light beam incident on rough sheets with specific statistical properties. The numerical results of the present work are concerned with investigating the dependence of the scattering pattern on the surface roughness, refractive index, angle of incidence, and the resolution of the geometric model of the rough surface. Also, it is shown that, for limited resolution of the rough surface model, the accuracy of the calculated scattered field depends on the angle of incidence of the primary beam and the surface roughness.

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N. Kishore, Kumar, M. P. K. Kishore, and Vali S. K. "Tolerance based rough algebras induced by blocks." i-manager’s Journal on Mathematics 12, no. 2 (2023): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jmat.12.2.20136.

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The theory of rough sets has been classified into several directions where the information granules are generated using tolerances, pre-orders and binary relations. Maximal Compatibility Block (MCB) plays an important role in case of tolerance relations. In the present work, the lattice structure of rough sets generated by MCBs is explored. The concepts are applied to establish equivalence between the isomorphism of graphs with isomorphism of rough lattices constructed using MCBs.

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Yin, Chuan, Ming Zhang, and Yaming Bo. "Multilayer Brightness Temperature Tracing Method for Rough Surface Scene Simulation in Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6763182.

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Simulation in passive millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging of rough surfaces is an indispensable step in the simulation in passive radiation imaging, especially for the rough surfaces of different roughness surfaces. However, little attention has been paid to the simulation of rough surface; based on the existing model of brightness temperature tracing described in previous work, diffused reflection of the rough surface is taken into account in the improved model which is presented in this paper. In the paper, the brightness temperature tracing model of different roughness surfaces has been established. Then, we present a method called multilayer brightness temperature tracing (MBTT) method to obtain the radiation brightness temperature of rough surface. Hence, the discrimination of brightness temperature tracing method is enhanced.

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Ahmmad, Jabbar, Tahir Mahmood, Nayyar Mehmood, Khamika Urawong, and Ronnason Chinram. "Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Aczel-Alsina Average Aggregation Operators and Their Applications in Medical Diagnoses." Symmetry 14, no. 12 (2022): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14122537.

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Managing ambiguous and asymmetric types of information is a very challenging task under the consideration of classical data. Furthermore, Aczel-Alsina aggregation operators are the new developments in fuzzy sets theory. However, when decision-makers need to use these structures in fuzzy rough structures, these operators fail to deal with such types of values, as fuzzy rough structures use lower and upper approximation spaces. Thus, an encasement of an intuitionistic fuzzy set has a chance of data loss, whereas an intuitionistic fuzzy rough set can resolve the problem of data loss. Motivated by the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets and new aggregation operators i.e., intuitionistic fuzzy Aczel-Alsina operators, this paper firstly initiates some basic Aczel-Alsina operational rules for intuitionistic fuzzy rough numbers. Secondly, based on these newly defined operational rules, we have developed some new aggregation operators, such as intuitionistic fuzzy rough Aczel-Alsina weighted average (IFRAAWA), intuitionistic fuzzy rough Aczel-Alsina ordered weighted average (IFRAAOWA), and intuitionistic fuzzy rough Aczel-Alsina hybrid average (IFRAAHA) aggregation operators. Moreover, the properties of these aggregation operators have been initiated. These operators can help in evaluating awkward and asymmetric information in real-life problems. The use of aggregation operators in medical diagnosis and MADM is an efficient method that can help in healthcare and decision-making applications. To present an effective use of these developed operators in medical diagnosis and the selection of the best next-generation firewall, we have established an algorithm along with a numerical example to provide authenticity and clarity to the established work. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the introduced work shows the superiority of the introduced approach.

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Yue, Wu, Guo Qingliang, Fang Mingyuan, Sun Juan, Guo Ziyin, and Wei Xi. "Research on detection method of leakage rate of rough pumping valve in space environment simulator." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019803015.

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As an important part of the vacuum system in the space environment simulator, the rough pumping system reduces the vacuum degree of the container from atmospheric pressure to the pressure of the high vacuum system when the space environment simulator starts up. As the key equipment of the rough pumping system, the rough pumping valve plays the role of isolating the rough pumping system from the environmental simulator, and its leakage rate has a direct impact on the vacuum degree that the space environment simulator can reach. Therefore, it is very important to detect the leakage rate of the rough pumping valve. In this paper, the leakage rate detection method of the rough pumping valve is introduced, including the valve delivery stage and valve installation stage to the simulator stage, in order to provide some basis for the follow-up valve leakage rate detection work

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Radforth, Ian. "Rough Work: Labourers on the Public Works of British North America and Canada, 1841–1882." Canadian Historical Review 100, no. 3 (2019): 476–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr.100.3.br07.

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Antal, Reena, Meenakshi Chawla, and Vijay Kumar. "SOME REMARKS ON ROUGH STATISTICAL \(\Lambda\)-CONVERGENCE OF ORDER \(\alpha\)." Ural Mathematical Journal 7, no. 1 (2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/umj.2021.1.002.

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The main purpose of this work is to define Rough Statistical \(\Lambda\)-Convergence of order \(\alpha\) \((0<\alpha\leq1)\) in normed linear spaces. We have proved some basic properties and also provided some examples to show that this method of convergence is more generalized than the rough statistical convergence. Further, we have shown the results related to statistically \(\Lambda\)-bounded sets of order \(\alpha\) and sets of rough statistically \(\Lambda\)-convergent sequences of order \(\alpha\).

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Aruna Devi. R, Et al. "Exploring Diverse Rough Neighborhoods Through Graphical Analysis." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 9 (2023): 2299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i9.9237.

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The world’s knowledge is believed to double every ten months, and this vast pool of information often contains incomplete data, imperfections, uncertainties, and vague elements. Converting such data into meaningful patterns is a crucial task for data analysts. In this research, we have explored various mathematical models for this purpose. Among these models, we focused on Pawlak’s Rough Set model applied through Rough Graphs. Our work presents a novel form of Rough Neighborhood System, as demonstrated in this paper.

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Dr., V. S. Subha. "ROUGH BI-IDEALS OF -NEAR-RINGS." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education (IJMRME) 4, no. 2 (2018): 86–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3605112.

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Su, Jialin, Yane Wang, and Jianhui Li. "A Novel Fuzzy Covering Rough Set Model Based on Generalized Overlap Functions and Its Application in MCDM." Symmetry 15, no. 3 (2023): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030647.

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As nonassociative fuzzy logic connectives, it is important to study fuzzy rough set models using overlap functions that replace the role of t-norms. Overlap functions and t-norms are logical operators with symmetry. Recently, intuitionistic fuzzy rough set and multi-granulation fuzzy rough set models have been proposed based on overlap functions. However, some results (that contain five propositions, two definitions, six examples and a proof) must be improved. In this work, we improved the existing results. Moreover, to extend the existing fuzzy rough sets, a new fuzzy covering rough set model was constructed by using the generalized overlap function, and it was applied to the diagnosis of medical diseases. First, we improve some existing results. Then, in order to overcome the limitations of the fuzzy covering rough set model based on overlap functions, a fuzzy β-covering rough set model based on generalized overlap functions was established. Third, some properties of the fuzzy β-covering rough set model based on generalized overlap functions are discussed. Finally, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method of the fuzzy β-covering rough set based on generalized overlap functions was proposed. Taking medical disease diagnosis as an example, the comparison with other methods shows that the proposed method is feasible and effective.

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El-Bably, Mostafa K., Muhammad I. Ali, and El-Sayed A. Abo-Tabl. "New Topological Approaches to Generalized Soft Rough Approximations with Medical Applications." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (December 7, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2559495.

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There are many approaches to deal with vagueness and ambiguity including soft sets and rough sets. Feng et al. initiated the concept of possible hybridization of soft sets and rough sets. They introduced the concept of soft rough sets, in which parameterized subsets of a universe set serve as the building blocks for lower and upper approximations of a subset. Topological notions play a vital role in rough sets and soft rough sets. So, the basic objectives of the current work are as follows: first, we find answers to some very important questions, such as how to determine the probability that a subset of the universe is definable. Some more similar questions are answered in rough sets and their extensions. Secondly, we enhance soft rough sets from topological perspective and introduce topological soft rough sets. We explore some of their properties to improve existing techniques. A comparison has been made with some existing studies to show that accuracy measure of proposed technique shows an improvement. Proposed technique has been employed in decision-making problem for diagnosing heart failure. For this two algorithms have been given.

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32

Gelinck, E. R. M., and D. J. Schipper. "Deformation of Rough Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 121, no. 3 (1999): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834088.

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The influence of surface roughness on the bulk deformation of line contacts is studied. The model of Greenwood and Tripp (1967) will be extended to line contacts. It is found that the central pressure is a very good parameter to characterize the pressure distribution of rough line contacts. Function fits of the central pressure, the effective half width, the real area of contact, and the number of contacts are made. Comparison is made with the work of Lo (1969) and Greenwood et al. (1984).

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Grabowski, Adam. "Developing Complementary Rough Inclusion Functions." Formalized Mathematics 28, no. 1 (2020): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/forma-2020-0009.

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SummaryWe continue the formal development of rough inclusion functions (RIFs), continuing the research on the formalization of rough sets [15] – a well-known tool of modelling of incomplete or partially unknown information. In this article we give the formal characterization of complementary RIFs, following a paper by Gomolińska [4]. We expand this framework introducing Jaccard index, Steinhaus generate metric, and Marczewski-Steinhaus metric space [1]. This is the continuation of [9]; additionally we implement also parts of [2], [3], and the details of this work can be found in [7].

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Huang, Juan. "Application of Rough Sets Theory in Graduate Enrollment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1604.

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Enrollment is the first step of the work of postgraduate education, and also a very crucial step. Therefore, in order to successfully carry out the postgraduate training work, be sure to do the enrollment work. In this paper, rough set theory is applied to the enrollment data of one college of a university. Then follow the general steps of data mining to research and analyze the enrollment data. Finally, draw some useful conclusions. These conclusions have a certain significance for graduate enrollment.

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Huang, Juan. "Application of Rough Sets Theory in Graduate Enrollment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1640.

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Enrollment is the first step of the work of postgraduate education, and also a very crucial step. Therefore, in order to successfully carry out the postgraduate training work, be sure to do the enrollment work. In this paper, rough set theory is applied to the enrollment data of one college of a university. Then follow the general steps of data mining to research and analyze the enrollment data. Finally, draw some useful conclusions. These conclusions have a certain significance for graduate enrollment.

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Wang, Junqi, Xiaoping Zou, Jialin Zhu, et al. "Effect of Optimization of TiO2 Electron Transport Layer on Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Rough FTO Substrates." Materials 13, no. 10 (2020): 2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102272.

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The film quality of the electron transport layer (ETL) plays an important role in improving the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to reduce the effect of rough fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO)substrate on the film quality of the TiO2 ETL, multiple cycles of spin-coating were employed to realize optimized TiO2 film and improve the performance of PSCs with rough FTO. The results show that TiO2 ETL was optimized most effectively using two spin-coating cycles, obtaining the best performance of PSCs with rough FTO. The carbon electrode-based PSCs were then demonstrated. Our work discusses the feasibility of low-quality rough FTO for the fabrication of PSCs and photodetectors to reduce costs.

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Hosny, Mona. "Idealization of j-approximation spaces." Filomat 34, no. 2 (2020): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2002287h.

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The current work concentrates on generating different topologies by using the concept of the ideal. These topologies are used to make more thorough studies on generalized rough set theory. The rough set theory was first proposed by Pawlak in 1982. Its core concept is upper and lower approximations. The principal goal of the rough set theory is reducing the vagueness of a concept to uncertainty areas at their borders by increasing the lower approximation and decreasing the upper approximation. For the mentioned goal, different methods based on ideals are proposed to achieve this aim. These methods are more accurate than the previous methods. Hence it is very interesting in rough set context for removing the vagueness (uncertainty).

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Wahed Khalifa, Hamiden Abd El, Dragan Pamucar, Amina Hadj Kacem, and W. A. Afifi. "A Novel Approach for Characterizing Solutions of Rough Optimization Problems Based on Boundary Region." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (March 24, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8662289.

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Rough set theory, presented by Pawlak in 1981, is one of the most well-known methods for communicating ambiguity by estimating an item based on some knowledge rather than membership. The concept of a rough function and its convexity and differentiability in regard to its boundary region are discussed in this work. The boundary notion is also used to present a new form of rough programming issue and its solutions. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the proposed method and emphasize its advantages over other approaches.

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Ghosal, Sanjoy, Sourav Mandal, and Mandobi Banerjee. "Approximity of asymmetric metric spaces." Mathematica Slovaca 72, no. 5 (2022): 1227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2022-0084.

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Abstract In this present work, we perceive the ideas of rough weighted statistical limit set as well as rough weighted statistical cluster points set and originate these conceptions into asymmetric metric spaces. On this context we frame out several results which substantially intensify these perceptions. While explicating such notions in terms of their asymmetric concepts, this generalization despite unfollows some previous results rather generates new characteristics. Also, we will adorn a sufficient condition using rough weighted statistical convergence which converts asymmetric metric spaces to approximate metric spaces.

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Parsell, Cameron. "Responding to People Sleeping Rough: Dilemmas and Opportunities for Social Work." Australian Social Work 64, no. 3 (2011): 330–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0312407x.2010.538705.

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Aldawood, M., and A. A. Azzam. "Expanded Rough Approximation Spaces Using Grill and Maximal Rough Neighborhoods for Medical Applications." Axioms 14, no. 7 (2025): 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms14070482.

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An important mathematical way to deal with ambiguity and uncertainty in knowledge is rough set (RS) theory. It is believed that a grill is a necessary addition to this idea. Since it expands the approximate of RSs, it is a helpful technique for removing ambiguity and uncertainty. One of the key and important issues for developing rough sets, which subsequently aim to maximize the accuracy measure, is minimization of the boundary region (BR). One of the most practical and successful ways to accomplish this is with a grill. Thus, the goal of this work is to introduce novel grill-based approaches for rough sets (RSs). A few important aspects of these techniques are examined and illustrated to indicate that they produce accuracy measures that are higher and more significant than those of the previous methods. In the end, a medical application is shown to emphasize the need of using grills as instructed.

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Szczeglacka-Pawłowska, Ewa. "A work of notebook romanticism. On the correspondence of Zygmunt Krasiński (in the light of several letters from Bad Wildungen)." Tekstualia 2, no. 69 (2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9674.

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Most of the autographs of Zygmunt Krasiński’s letters did not survive. The article addresses the question of whether it is possible to read an epistolary work in the form of a rough draft, despite the lack of manuscripts and, more specifi cally, to what extent Krasiński’s way of working on letters can be recreated. Some of his letter written in Bad Wildungen exemplify the status of the letter in the context of the romantic culture of the manuscript and enable the interpretation of epistolary writing in what may be called a rough context.

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Roy, Payel, Srijan Goswami, Sayan Chakraborty, Ahmad Taher Azar, and Nilanjan Dey. "Image Segmentation Using Rough Set Theory." International Journal of Rough Sets and Data Analysis 1, no. 2 (2014): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrsda.2014070105.

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In the domain of image processing, image segmentation has become one of the key application that is involved in most of the image based operations. Image segmentation refers to the process of breaking or partitioning any image. Although, like several image processing operations, image segmentation also faces some problems and issues when segmenting process becomes much more complicated. Previously lot of work has proved that Rough-set theory can be a useful method to overcome such complications during image segmentation. The Rough-set theory helps in very fast convergence and in avoiding local minima problem, thereby enhancing the performance of the EM, better result can be achieved. During rough-set-theoretic rule generation, each band is individualized by using the fuzzy-correlation-based gray-level thresholding. Therefore, use of Rough-set in image segmentation can be very useful. In this paper, a summary of all previous Rough-set based image segmentation methods are described in detail and also categorized accordingly. Rough-set based image segmentation provides a stable and better framework for image segmentation.

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Zhao, Bo, and Tie Jun Cui. "Scattering Characteristics of Targets above a Rough Surface in SAR Images." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/653438.

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The modeling, simulation, and analysis of target characteristics are essential to a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image-based autotarget recognition (ATR) system. The coupling effect between targets and rough surface is also important to the electromagnetic scattering and remote sensing. In this work, the simulations to SAR images of targets above a finite rough surface have been investigated. The effect of rough surface on the target characteristics, or the coupling between the rough surface and targets, is analyzed in details by observing changes of locations and intensities of scattering centers in the SAR images. The SAR images are obtained by taking two-dimensional inverse fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) of the scattered fields, which are computed by the combined high-frequency method of shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) and truncated-wedge incremental-length diffraction coefficients (TW-ILDCs). Simulated results of SAR images for complicated targets above a rough surface are given under the 0.25 × 0.25 m2resolution at the X band, in which the coupling effect between targets and rough surface has been studied in details.

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WEI, LI-LI, and WEN-XIU ZHANG. "PROBABILISTIC ROUGH SETS CHARACTERIZED BY FUZZY SETS." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 12, no. 01 (2004): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488504002643.

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Theories of fuzzy sets and rough sets have emerged as two major mathematical approaches for managing uncertainty that arises from inexact, noisy, or incomplete information. They are generalizations of classical set theory for modelling vagueness and uncertainty. Some integrations of them are expected to develop a model of uncertainty stronger than either. The present work may be considered as an attempt in this line, where we would like to study fuzziness in probabilistic rough set model, to portray probabilistic rough sets by fuzzy sets. First, we show how the concept of variable precision lower and upper approximation of a probabilistic rough set can be generalized from the vantage point of the cuts and strong cuts of a fuzzy set which is determined by the rough membership function. As a result, the characters of the (strong) cut of fuzzy set can be used conveniently to describe the feature of variable precision rough set. Moreover we give a measure of fuzziness, fuzzy entropy, induced by roughness in a probabilistic rough set and make some characterizations of this measure. For three well-known entropy functions, including the Shannon function, we show that the finer the information granulation is, the less the fuzziness (fuzzy entropy) in a rough set is. The superiority of fuzzy entropy to Pawlak's accuracy measure is illustrated with examples. Finally, the fuzzy entropy of a rough classification is defined by the fuzzy entropy of corresponding rough sets. and it is shown that one possible application of it is lies in measuring the inconsistency in a decision table.

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Wang, Jingqian, Xiaohong Zhang, and Qingqing Hu. "Three-Way Fuzzy Sets and Their Applications (II)." Axioms 11, no. 10 (2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms11100532.

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Recently, the notion of a three-way fuzzy set is presented, inspired by the basic ideas of three-way decision and various generalized fuzzy sets, including lattice-valued fuzzy sets, partial fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, etc. As the new theory of uncertainty, it has been used in attribute reduction and as a new control method for the water level. However, as an extension of a three-way decision, this new theory has not been used in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM for short). Based on the previous work, in this paper, we present rough set models based on three-way fuzzy sets, which extend the existing fuzzy rough set models in both complete and incomplete information systems. Furthermore, the new models are used to solve the issue of MCDM. Firstly, three-way fuzzy relation rough set and three-way fuzzy covering rough set models are presented for complete and incomplete information systems. Because almost all existing fuzzy rough set models are proposed under complete information, the new proposed models can be seen as a supplement to these existing models. Then, a relationship between the three-way fuzzy relation rough set and the three-way fuzzy covering rough set is presented. Finally, a novel method for the issue of MCDM is presented under the novel three-way fuzzy rough set models, which is used in paper defect diagnosis.

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Xue, Peidong, Zhiquan Huang, and Cheng Chen. "Effect of Substrate Roughness on the Friction and Wear Behaviors of Laser-Induced Graphene Film." Lubricants 10, no. 10 (2022): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10100239.

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A rough substrate usually induces severe detriments limiting the performance of anti-friction materials that would lead to an increase in both the friction coefficient and wear rate. In this work, we found that a laser-induced graphene (LIG) film had a good friction adaptability on both mirror-polished and rough Si substrates. The friction coefficient of the LIG increased from 0.11 to 0.24 and the substrate roughness increased from 1.4 nm to 54.8 nm, while the wear life of the LIG was more than 20,000 cycles for both the mirror-polished and rough Si substrates. Optical microscope, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope analyses revealed a friction mechanism evolution of the LIG films on Si substrates with a different roughness. For the mirror-polished Si substrate, thick and dense graphene nanocrystallite transfer films could form on the counterpart balls, which guaranteed a long and stable wear. For the rough Si substrate, although the asperities on the rough surface would plough the counterpart balls and destabilize the transfer film formation, grooves could effectively store a compressed LIG, benefiting a stable anti-wear performance and reducing the abrasive wear at the friction interface. This work showed that a LIG film had outstanding friction adaptability on Si substrates with a different roughness and that it can be fabricated in a single-step economic process, indicating bright practical prospects in the solid lubrication fields.

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Hu, Jianrui, Zhanqiang Liu, Jinfu Zhao, and Bing Wang. "Prediction of Isotropic Rough Surface Directional Spectral Emissivity with Surface-Morphology-Dependent Modelling." Metals 13, no. 10 (2023): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13101679.

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The surface directional spectral emissivity of rough metal surfaces in industry is of concern in infrared temperature measurement. In this research, the height and slope possibility density functions are introduced as variables, and the directional spectral emissivity of isotropic rough surface is modelled accordingly. The model is designed to derive the directional spectral emissivity of rough metal surfaces from the surface morphology (possibility distribution of the height and slope) and the material property parameters (refractivity). Then, a sandblasted surface is taken as a case study. The sandblasted surface morphology is measured. A Polynomial surface is proposed to describe the sandblasted surface morphology and is compared with a Gaussian surface and a Cox–Munk surface. Finally, the directional spectral emissivity measurement and infrared temperature measurement are conducted. It is shown that the predicted directional spectral emissivity and measured temperature with the surface-morphology-dependent isotropic rough surface directional spectral emissivity model have high precision. In this work, the possibility distribution of the height and slope of the surface is introduced as independent variables to provide better accuracy compared to the reported models. In some cases, the error of the infrared temperature measurement could be reduced to 20% (80 degrees, compared to Gaussian surface). This work contributes to improving the accuracy of IR temperature measurement of rough surfaces.

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Farahbod, Farshad, Sara Farahmand, and Farzaneh Farahbod. "Novel Arrangement of Rough Tubes for Heat Flux Improvement." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.81.

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The objective of the research is to represent a novel arrangement of conical three dimensional rough tubes (FS3D) for heat transfer coefficient enhancement. Experiments were performed with 316 stainless steel tubes of FS3D roughness and hot crude oil was circulated in constant heat flux condition in the related set up. The pressure drop is measured in this set up and compared with the pressure drop in a smooth tube with the same operating conditions. The heat transfer coefficient is one of essential parameters for design of heat transfer equipments and in this experimental work this is investigated for an Iranian crude oil in the FS3D rough tube. The heat transfer coefficient in FS3D rough tubes is higher than in other commercial enhanced tubes. FS3D rough tubes improve the performance of heat transfer equipments and also optimize the size of the mentioned devices. Consequently this type, the FS3D rough tube, is advantageous in energy and cost saving.

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Tarasova, Natalia A. "Dostoevsky’s Creative Diaries: The Adolescent." Dostoevsky and world culture. Philological journal, no. 2 (2021): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2021-2-128-150.

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The work deals with the textual study of rough manuscripts of the novel The Adolescent, specifically the correction of publisher’s errors in reading the manuscripts, together with the study of Dostoevsky’s creative process and the shaping of the concept of the novel in the phase of rough drafts. The article analyzes the connections between The Adolescent and Dostoevsky’s unrealized plan for The Life of a Great Sinner, as well as Pushkin and Lermontov’s motifs that were important for Dostoevsky’s creative method during the his work on the novel The Adolescent.

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