Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1712-1778 – Et la science politique'
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Lepan, Géraldine. "Citoyenneté et patriotisme dans l'oeuvre de Rousseau : gouvernement des passions et apories du projet politique." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100138.
Full textJackson, Valérie. "Montesquieu, Rousseau et la modernité politique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44704.
Full textDudon, Suzanne. "Les lois et les mœurs : anthropogenèse du politique chez J-J. Rousseau." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20024.
Full textThis thesis is a study on interaction between laws and manners in Rousseau's political philosophy. In first part, an approach to various emanations of positive law set the share of sensitivity in the creation process of state and laws. The division of laws conceived by Rousseau, considering opinions and manners-expressions of sensibility-as a form of law, casts a new light on law's status and its respect. The second part, applied to the deciphering of the expression of human nature's feelings within framework of legislative activity, proves the omnipresent power of influence of man's sensibility in state's structuration, particularly through manners and opinions. This statement is given concrete expression in the political plans that Rousseau wrote for Corsica and Poland. It underscores the concealed aspect of the legislator's task. This study attempts to demonstrate how policy and knowledge of human nature are bound in Rousseau's works
Ambririki, Hamidani-Attoumani. "Ordre et justice chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982990.
Full textDestain, Christian. "De la solitude des origines humaines à l'individualité autobiographique: Jean-Jacques Rousseau et la faillite de la démocratie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212761.
Full textHantute, Eric. "L'idée de contrat politique au XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècles : entre transcendance,égoïsme et rationalité étendue (Pudendorf, Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040212.
Full textMarie, Dominique. "Jean-Jacques Rousseau : autobiographie et politique." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA1018.
Full textLenoir, Norbert. "Domination et légitimité : deux stratégies d'interrogation du politique chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10023.
Full textAndrivet, Patrick. "Représentations politiques de l'ancienne Rome en France des débuts de l'âge classique à la révolution." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF20057.
Full textIn the france of the 17th and the 18th century some prominent writers like corneille, bossuet, montesquieu and rousseau, simple essayists like saint-evremond, and revolutionaries like marat and robespierre did not adhere to the admiration of ancient rome that had become traditional in europe since the renaissance. The author makes this point by a detailed study of the works of these writers who, in spite of texts written with certain precautions of style, denounce the excessive cult of rome of modern europeans, its aspiration to universal domination, its institutions and the corruption which takes over after several centuries of existence. These studies are accompanied by analyses which link these critical opinions of rome to the political views which are implicit or explicit in each work. Views which are implicit or explicit in each work
Hatzenberger, Antoine. "Rousseau et l’utopie : de l’état insulaire aux cosmotopies." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040186.
Full textAt the meeting-point of utopology and Rousseau studies, this enquiry into the effects of utopia on Rousseau’s political philosophy shows the importance of the latter in the transition between classical utopian patterns and modern utopias. With Rousseau, utopia is at a turning-point : utopias become projects of government, and are developed into a critical model, which goes far beyond the borders of the insular state - epitomized by the Projet de constitution pour la Corse -, and opens up a new scope for international politics. This research on the history of an idea considers (1) the different contexts of the reception of utopia and its influence on the constitution of “rousseauism” ; (2) the utopian models and methods in Rousseau’s works ; (3) Rousseau’s cosmopolitan utopias
Guénard, Florent. "L'idée de convenance dans la pensée de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100002.
Full textKoshi, Morihiko. "Les images de soi chez J. -J. Rousseau : l'autobiographie comme politique." Grenoble 3, 2007. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=http://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=MkiMS01.
Full textExploiting the "argumentative discourse" theory (specially Ruth Amossy's one) and interactionnal approach, the present thesis proves, according to which discursive modalities, Jean-Jacques Rousseau constructs his self-images in order to contribute towards his discourse efficiency. It means to examine : 1) The author's institutionnal status, the nature of the concerned public and his previous "ethos"; 2) The "autobiographemes" emergence in his works : the corpus comprises autobiographical texts as well as theoretical and polemical ones; 3) The political uttering situation in order to prove the purpose and the functioning of an autobiographical discourse of which the status varies according to each text ; 4) The notion of "opinion" in terms of "stereotyps" understood like constituent ethos units. The conclusion questions the dichotomy between autobiography and politics
Rémy, Catherine. "Critique sociale et éducation dans l'oeuvre de Rousseau." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010633.
Full textPelletier, Simon. "Du Discours sur l'inégalité au Contrat social : cohérence et paradoxes dans la philosophie politique de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27854.
Full textCe mémoire affronte le problème de l'unité de la pensée de Rousseau, en particulier dans son versant politique. Il met en évidence la place centrale qu'occupe, dans sa philosophie, la thèse de la bonté naturelle de l'homme, et défend l'idée que les grandes articulations du Contrat social en sont des ramifications. Pour ce faire, il montre d'abord que les principes du droit politique représentent pour Rousseau la solution à un problème inhérent à la condition sociale de l'homme, problème développé dans le Discours sur l'inégalité. Les deux premiers chapitres du mémoire sont pour cette raison consacrés entièrement à une étude du second discours, où Rousseau pose le principe de la bonté naturelle de l'homme, puis décrit la façon dont celle-ci s'altère et finit par se corrompre dans la vie sociale. Les troisième et quatrième chapitres, quant à eux, contiennent une étude minutieuse du Contrat social, qui met d'une part en lumière le lien de continuité unissant l'ouvrage au Discours sur l'inégalité, et qui, d'autre part, démontre que ses tensions doctrinales résultent justement de son rattachement à la thèse de la bonté naturelle de l'homme.
Maheux, Pierre-Olivier. ""Corses, voilà un beau modèle" : les référents suisse et romain dans le Projet de constitution pour la Corse de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27690/27690.pdf.
Full textCalderon, Villalobos Ana Lia. "La pensée politique de Jean-Jacques Rousseau et sa réception au Costa Rica entre 1821 et 1842." Montpellier 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON30025.
Full textIn this research, we analyse the principles of political rights wich can be found in work of jean-jacques rousseau and their influence on the history of costa rica, the republic beginning. We state that liberty is the central meaning of jean-jacques rousseau. He consider liberty as a fundament of man. So, we tool liberty as guide line for reading political philosophy of jean-jacques rousseau, we presented theories on social contract, equality, law, common will, sovereignity and governement. Precisely, we argued that, because of his theory of liberty, rousseau is a favourite author overal in latin america during a walk towards independance and specially in costa rica from 1821 to 1842. We made an comparaison between a thought of rousseau about little, poor, independant, with low inequality recent states, simply and loneliles : living, and the costa rica, the republic beginning. More precisely affinities between the thought of rousseau and the concrete situation of the costa rica made casier the convergence of analysis about what it could be donc and the possibility of political freedom
Lebeau, Pascal. "Rousseau et l'appropriation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H204.
Full textAppropriation is the process by which an animal, upon realising its nature in an appropriate way with its environment, reaches well-being by the prevention of natural evil. For man, with ambivalent perfectibility, the stakes are also moral. The intuitive grasping of what is adequate for him is relatively lost or undefined, and is all the more subject to the wandering associated with its moral freedom, that it is a being of self-love confronted with others in a context of environmental finitude. Rousseau, seeking to go back to the source of evil, confronts these problems. He thinks the man of nature to find the natural man, to identify his needs, his rights, in a word the conditions of his appropriation properly speaking. But this can only be simultaneously physical and moral, requiring the initiation of a virtuous circle between having and being, impossible without politics and notably a right of property, that is to say a right of very specific appropriation. Via media between the community of goods and liberalism, the latter is perhaps, politically and morally, the key to its system
Bernardi, Bruno. "La fabrique des concepts : recherches sur l'invention conceptuelle chez Rousseau." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSF0041.
Full textThis dissertation is an attempt to revisit Rousseau's view through a study of the generation of his main theses. A description of what could be called his "laboratory", the production process of his views, allows a better understanding of what "reasoning as a philosopher" meant for him. Close attention is paid to the drafts, which reveal the thinker at work, and to the sequence of his writings on the same topic, which exhibit the results of his work. The issue of "conceptual invention" organizes our inquiry. Rousseau shaped his major views through a process of revision, migration and transformation of concepts he received from the theorical traditions he meant to confront. He thus gradually forged the concepts that this own intellectual horizon required. Each chapter deals with a specific concept. After emphasizing Rousseau's scientific references -the chemical ones in particular- we argue that the adopted a sort of paradoxal legacy technique, thus stepping aside from the mainstream philosophy, none the less standing at the center of French Enlightenment. A thorough scrutiny of the invention of the notion of general will allows weaving together the partial results primarily established and characterizing Rousseau' s invention method. Finally we argue that Rousseau's overall reflections on the anthropological, cognitive, and political status of the notion of generality sheds a new light of the general will issue. Along the way, we had to minimize the standart overestimation of references to Malebranche, upstream, and to Kant, downstream. The conclusion emphasizes the deep revisions that such an investigation of conceptual invention might bring into our understanding of Rousseau's philosophical views
Chery, Prelat Cleane. "Genèse et institution de l'humanité politique chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080058/document.
Full textRousseau disputes the Aristotelian theory of natural sociability to which he supplements his doctrine of natural asociability. At the same time, he rejects the Hobbesian conception of man, which is naturally unsociable, and is also opposed to the dogma of original sin to which he contrasts his theory of original goodness which is, in reality, only an apology for justice and The divine omnipotence which led us to the question of the theodicy inspired by St. Augustine, theorized by Leibniz, contested by Voltaire and forbidden. By rejecting original sin and proclaiming the natural goodness of man, he exculpates God but also man before his integration into social life. It is therefore for him that social bonds corrupt man and make him bad. He causes this corruption to flow from the inequality created by property, for in the state of nature, where there was no property, where everything was common to all, man was not wicked and it was for Attempt to return to the state of natural equality that he instituted the law. But he noticed that once he entered social life, property became a sacred right, indispensable. A reversal has thus taken place in him. As a defender of the right to property, he became its defender. Also, some commentators have classified it in the category of individualists. Others rank him among the Communists and others connect him with the socialist doctrine. In order to better situate him, we chose to confront his ideas and positions with the supporters of these different ideological currents: Proudhon for individualism, Baboeuf for communism and Marx for socialism
Bienfait, Joël. "Jean-Jacques Rousseau et la croyance ou le coût de dieu." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30013.
Full textRousseau aims at defining the particular status of Rousseau's novel in his whole work, as regards his literary genre but also others perspectives. Rousseau considers two sorts of beliefs : one pertaining to religion specifically and the other having to do with purely mundane values (possession, power and glory). In his philosophical work, he approves the former and absolutely condemns the latter. This study aims to show that the novel, which matches the philosophical works regarding religion, has a much more amiguous position as far as mundane values are concerned (particularly power and glory)
Boudon, Julien. "Les Jacobins : une traduction idéologique et institutionnelle des principes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau : 1789-1794." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020012.
Full textRobisco, Nathalie-Barbara. "J. J. Rousseau et la revolution francaise : une esthetique de la politique (1792-1799)." Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU20020.
Full textIn the republican phase of french revolution, rousseau's readers unify the sensitive man and the poltical thinker in the theoretical pattern of legislator. After the terror, kant and fichte inherit the thinker's attainments ; in the same time, in france, his sensitiveness fits into a new reading, romantism
Cugurno, Emmanuelle. "Liberté et genèse de la personne humaine dans l'oeuvre de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0058.
Full textThe thesis is divided in two parts. The first one analyses the concept and status of humain person, trying to follow the line of the human being's authentical development: from sensibility to the rising of conscience and moral. The second part develops the question of freedom into social and political order. The thesis endeavours to show that the transition from an order to another one is made possible by the permanence of the exigency of men's freedom. The chapters treat respectively of relation between nature and politic, political freedom and social contract, passions and social contracts. The thesis ends with the question of religion and the place it takes, in the city on one hand and for the personn on the other hand
Ribaton-Labro, Catherine. "Contre l'hégémonie des grands ou La petite histoire du devenir de la science de la morale dans le système de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20017.
Full textMaiga, Sigame. "Les institutions politiques de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3081/document.
Full textIt is in 1758 that Rousseau finds that he can quickly complete the Political Institutions, and decided to separate the Social Contract and Letter to d'Alembert on the shows. In 1761 he finished work on a part of the texts of the Abbot of St. Peter which allowed him to have a clear approach to international relations. This text says excerpt of perpetual peace project of the Abbot of Saint-Pierre wants a political crisis solution in which European states were engulfed. The first such concepts the ideas of European citizenship or a confederation were emerging
Assouly, Olivier. "Les nourritures politiques de Jean-Jacques Rousseau : cuisine, goût et appétit." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010612.
Full textGiven the history of philosophy and the marginal treatment that has traditionally been reserved for both the sense of taste and cooking, Rousseau’s position is separate and innovative: while criticising the hubris of cuisine and the vanity of the “grande table”, he considered that taste, a source of sensual pleasure, constitutes an object that merits attention on both an educational and political level. In addition to mere food, and going beyond basic needs, it constitutes a means for exchange and is a otential factor for inequality and injustice, it is also a way of curbing one’s false desires and self-esteem, through its close connection to self-love. Nevertheless, Emile marks a turning point: Rousseau inaugurates the notion of an appetite that takes precedence over taste and takes over to the detriment of flavour and cooking. In the absence of instinct and faced with the proliferation of secondary needs, the appetite is an educational and political instrument, used to recondition hunger and thus recreate, through work, the measure necessary to feed oneself and enjoy it legitimately.While Rousseau was abolishing the idea of a natural configuration of needs and desires when it is man’s responsibility to compose them according to circumstances, he stumbled onto the political design of the social pact that required that citizens, and no longer man, give up the game of preferences and certainly the subjectivising tendencies of the appetite
Oyandza, Pierre. "Rousseau, Kant et la pensée de la République." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100103.
Full textRéoutarem, Sylvain. "La genèse de la pensée politique de Rousseau d'après sa correspondance : 1730-1762." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE1055.
Full textThe letter, "mirror of the soul" seems to the 18-th century French as the best tool of communication. She allows to discover the social and psychological state of her author in all her intimacy. At this level is situated the importance of the study dedicated to the genesis of the political thought of Rousseau according to its correspondence. It is a question of reconstituting the evolution of the political thought of this author, according to the relations which he maintained with his circle of acquaintances of his exit of Geneva in 1728 in his flight of Montmorency in 1762. So, Rousseau's stays in Savoy, in Paris, in Venice and in Montmorency, give favorable information to the awakening of the political thought. Antogonism and conviviality wich characterized its life, give a particular brightness to the apprehension of the social and political problems with which it is confronted. Correspondence establishes clearly that his pride, the failures of the projects and the critical glance which it throws on lights are so many factors of its political consciousness. Due to living the experience of the poverty, the friendship and the protection, the injustice of the people, Rousseau became political writer. Besides Confessions, Correspondence shows him an ambitious to the excess, a sort of Rastignac or Julien Sorel taken out of Geneva for the conquest of Paris
Eyssidieux-Vaissermann, Anne. "Hegel, lecteur de Rousseau : droit naturel et science de l'Etat." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010619.
Full textAnctil, Dave. "La république à l'épreuve de l'Empire : liberté politique et démocratisation de la res militaris de Machiavel à Rousseau." Thèse, Paris 1, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18247.
Full textEstève, Laurent. "Montesquieu, Rousseau, Diderot : du genre humain au bois d'ébène ou les silences du droit naturel." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20038.
Full textChampy, Flora. "Exemples et modèles politiques : fonction critique de l'Antiquité chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN028/document.
Full textThis dissertation conducts a systematic examination of Jean-Jacques Rousseau 's representation of Antiquity and provides a new interpretation of its meaning. Rousseau's lifelong interest in ancient Greece and Rome has so far been interpreted mainly as a personal myth, rooted in his emotional identification with examples of civic virtue. Challenging this interpretation, I analyze Rousseau's vision of Antiquity as a carefully constructed representatio n that seeks to answer key questions of early modern political thought. As he constructs his political system, Rousseau considers ancient material through a complex web of mediations, which alter his representation of Antiquity . The admiration for great men inherited from his childhood reading of Plutarch quickly turns into the construction of dynamic political models. Rousseau draws on ancient historical examples, as weil as on Plato's and Aristotle's political philosophy, to articulate his own definition of key modern political concepts such as sovereignty and body politic. In Rousseau's view ancient cities were politically successful because they fully understood the fundamental connection between anthropology and politics, placing the moral education of the citizens at the core of political action. Studying examples of ancient cities thus becomes indispensable not only to define a truly legitimate political structure, but also to design methods and practices to make it last over ti me. In this respect, the Roman Republic, whose institutions more successfully faced the challenge of history, serves as a more significant political model than Sparta. Reassessing Rousseau's representation of Antiquity thus allows usto reevaluate the place of government in his political system
Nedelec, Bruno. "La question du fondement et de l'unité de la morale chez J.J. Rousseau." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR141.
Full textThe project of our study takes root in the following observation : whereas a considerable work has been done on Rousseau autiographical, political, anthropological, religious and aesthetic texts, or even on his scientific concerns, his moral insights have not been, or nearly not, the subject of systematic studies. At the opposite, we have taken as our starting point that the moral reflection is in the centre, if not at the heart of his work. More specifically, starting with questioning the very nature of the human being, this being primarily natural at the same time able to denature himself by deviating from the rule of nature, he comes to deploy and explore a whole series of possibilities so that the human can escape himself from his historical denturation process, as much for social order as for the moral order. Although he is pessimistic about the condition of application for a political order that would comply with the political law principles which ar set out in the Contrat Social, he develops the moral education conditions within his publication he has always considered as the most completed l’Émile. It is in that text tthat the moral project is clearly reflected. Most of all, he underlines that the moral cornerstone has not to be placed in the love of self, which is only a natural principle, but in the natural order. Reading l’Émile and some others texts leads to think that the ultimate fondation of moral is God himself. The self love, expression of human goodness, is only the expression of nature or of God who speaks inside us when we listen to the awareness. By loocking at the moral reflection as being Rousseau’s philosophy center, we try to resurect the unity from some works which seen heterogeneous, that are his autiographical works and the esteem of the natural human existence, the order concepts, the connections between civic virtue and moral virtue, the place of religious belief
Ferrando, Stefania. "La liberté comme pratique de la différence : philosophie politique moderne et sexuation du monde : Rousseau, Olympe de Gouges et les saint-simoniennes." Doctoral thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0064.
Full textThe Saint-Simonian Suzanne Voilquin writes that an "unknown" appeared in social life with women's equality and freedom. This research aims to analyze how this "unknown" of social life was thought and practiced as it became part of political discourses as well as revolutionary and post-revolutionary philosophical reflections. First, by analyzing th "Rousseau dispositif" - a set of texts dealing with the problem of the " women's position" and discussing Rousseau's thesis - we examine the discourses that exclude women from knowledge and politics as well as the need to secure the transmission between the father and his children in a world of free individuals. Afterwards, we focus on the writings of Olympe de Gouges and her development of a new political approach to revolutionary society, based on her position as a "placee et deplacee" in both knowledge and politics. Finally, we follow the Saint-Simonian women who created the periodical La femme libre. We examine their collective political practices and the "symbolic work" on the "unknown" that came with their research for freedom. These practices allow, within social life, new experiences, through which women can cease to be "social life sleepwalkers" and act in it to change it, as full-fledged subjects
Valdivia, Gérard. "La question du conflit théologico-politique à l'orée du XVIIIe siècle et son traitement dans le "système Rousseau"." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30072.
Full textRousseau studies generally tend to discuss the life and work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau rather than provide a systematicinterpretation of the corpus of his works, leaving us without a full-fledged system that we may attribute to Rousseau. Some scholars have excluded discussion of certain of his works and reduced the ambition of his system. Some of the available interpretations make Rousseau to be sometimes a literary author, sometimes a political one, and sometimes a dreamer, because they refuse, we charge, to look for a coherent organization between all of these interpretive fields. In order to develop a systematic interpretation, we must reconsider the overall dynamics of the corpus as being directed toward a central question, a problem for which the system proposes a resolution. We take this to be the theological-political problem, and it is from this perspective that we analyze Rousseau’s system. Rousseau’s work is shown to have a natural place within a historiography of the impact of the theological-political disorders in both the philosophical and practical fields during the 18th century. It is in this context that we can see that Rousseau’s whole corpus is organized around the resolution of the theological-political conflict. This interpretative method allows us to see and understand the general organization of Rousseau’s thought, the correspondences between writings hitherto undervalued, and the overall cosmopolite project supported by Rousseau’s system. Once we have grasped the landscape of the systematic whole of Rousseau’s project, we find that it can bring us new insights about our present day world by considering how the solutions it recommends could have an impact on our current political, social, and moral constructions
Litwin, Christophe. "Généalogies de l'amour de soi : Montaigne, Pascal, Rousseau." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0059.
Full textMy dissertation is an inquiry into the passion of self-love and the quarrel on its Interpretation that emerges after the Renaissance: for both the Augustinians and the Humanists, self-love is regarded as a specifically human kind of dissoluteness. The first however interpret it as the original corruption of charity to which mankind cannot remedy without God’s supernatural grace and the gift of faith; the second, influenced by their reading of Aristotle, Plato and Cicero, tend on the contrary to regard self-love less as the corruption of clarity, than as a depraved modification of the natural love every living has for itself. I address the anthropological, moral, political, aesthetical and theological implications of this quarrel through the works of Montaigne, Pascal and Rousseau
Gittler, Bernard. "Rousseau et l'héritage de Montaigne." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1013.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyze the role of Montaigne’s legacy in Rousseau’s philosophy.First, evidences and views of Rousseau’s reading of Montaigne have been examined in his published works and in his manuscripts. Editions in which Rousseau was reading Montaigne have also been identified.Then, mediations between Rousseau and Montaigne’s reception have been reviewed. Rousseau reads the Essais with the 18th century points of view. He relies on 17th century authors who judge Montaigne. Therefore, thanks to this philosophical tradition who deals with Montaigne, links between Montaigne and Rousseau are analysed.The implicit and explicit references to Montaigne in Rousseau’s work are triangulated. Rousseau quotes Montaigne to deal with Diderot, – translator of Shaftesbury, to defend natural religion as early as in his First Discourse on the Sciences and Arts.Rousseau has a political reading of the Essais. He denounces all kind of domination, and criticizes Montesquieu’s apology of luxury. The political reading of Montaigne increases in the second Discourse : the possessive individualism destroys the social link.Rousseau underlines the La Boétie’s principles in the Essais, which show the political depravation of society. The social link does not demand to follow moral rules against citizen’s interests. Humanity has to pursue a universal interest, which establishes a relationship between each human being and the whole humanity.Montaigne has a central position to understand the dialogues between Rousseau and Barbeyrac, Mandeville, and Locke. Rousseau refers to Montaigne when he defends his moral and politic fundamental principles
Pénigaud, de Mourgues Théophile. "Rousseau et le principe de citoyenneté. Recherche sur la nature du lien social démocratique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN032.
Full textThis research focuses on the link between political participation and social bonds in Rousseau's political theory. We present a new interpretation of the concept of general will as relevant to individuals rather than the collective, focusing on its descriptive and emotionalrather than normative and rational dimensions. General will measures citizens' attachment to laws in so far as they see them as a means of promoting their own best interests as social beings.However, the general will of citizens could not be maintained if they did not regularly reassess the terms of their association and verify their effectiveness within specific institutions. The exorbitant demand for popular sovereignty, which is the direct exercise of legislative power, is rooted in the ideal of legal sociality at the heart of Rousseau’s political theory. This ideal finds counterfactual embodiment in the practices and demands of the Geneva bourgeoisie, to which the Social Contract gives a theoretical foundation ex post facto, especially during the first third of the eighteenth century. Rather than abstracting the Social Contract from its context in the hope of extending its scope, we argue that, paradoxically, its universality lies in this particular context. Through a dialogue with the theories of Rawls and Habermas, we show that the Social Contract supports the demand for a radical deliberative democracy
De, Smet François-Julien. "Le mythe de la souveraineté: dialectique de la légitimité, du Corps au contrat social." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210153.
Full textCe Tiers, au sortir de la théologie médiévale, s’est d’abord incarné dans le concept de Corps ;le corps de l’État dérive en droite ligne du corps du Christ d’abord, de celui de l’Église ensuite, et a offert à l’autorité, alors pensée sur un registre hétéronome, divin et naturel, un écrin la liant à une légitimité et une nécessité naturelles. Le mythe du Corps, pourtant, va petit à petit devenir celui du Père au fur et à mesure de la constitution de l’État, et singulièrement de la monarchie absolue. Le Père campe alors le caractère nécessaire de l’autorité devant être exercée par le créateur sur sa chose créée, mais permet de continuer dans le même temps à faire bénéficier les structures existantes de l’empreinte théologique représentée sur terre par des mandataires héréditaire – les princes. L’institutionnalisation de l’État, et la relative stabilité qui va en découler, va toutefois fournir le cadre apte à permettre à une pensée du sujet d’émerger, faisant naître des concepts qui, tels la multitude et le peuple, posent de plus en plus directement la question de la légitimité par la prise en compte de la volonté de ceux sur lesquels elle s’exerce. C’est ainsi que naîtront les théories du pacte social, qui tentent chacune à leur manière de concevoir un moment méthodologique où l’octroi du pouvoir soit a été cédé dans le passé, soit est toujours exercé par le peuple à chaque instant. Le mythe du contrat, ainsi, est celui par lequel la légitimité de l’autorité est conciliée avec l’origine du pouvoir. Cette liaison est rendue possible par le meurtre du Père, c’est-à-dire la suppression de l’autorité naturelle et nécessaire au profit d’une autorité conventionnelle et contingente. Or, le mythe du contrat est fragile ;il nécessite, pour juguler le flux de contingence qui émerge dès lors que la question de la légitimité se pose, que la question de la nature du pouvoir soit dûment maîtrisée. Cela demande que l’autorité ne prenne pas sa source dans le repli sur le présent permanent, c’est-à-dire sur le peuple, mais sur un critère de représentativité. Cela nécessite surtout un refoulement conscient de la nature et de l’origine de l’autorité vers un sur-moi qui constituera, à l’apogée de la modernité, le cœur abstrait de la notion de souveraineté.
Or cette conception de l’autorité se fissure elle-même sous le poids d’une contingence qui, comme flux permanent, tend par nature à excéder son cadre. A terme, ainsi, l’étiolement de la souveraineté coïncide-t-il avec l’avènement du dogme des droits de l’homme, appelés sur un registre immanent à compenser la perte de sens induite par l’insuffisance de verticalité assumée par la modernité.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Baysson, Hubert. "L'idée d'étranger chez les philosophes des Lumières." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO33008.
Full textMarsalek, Jan. "De la disparition d'une méthode : l'analyse entre philosophies du contrat social et sociologies classiques. Étude d'épistémologie." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1012/document.
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Boulerie, Florence. "L'élaboration de l'idée d'éducation nationale, 1748-1789." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030035.
Full textThe expression éducation nationale is an invention of the second part of the eighteenth century. La Chalotais was the first to use it in 1763, but he came after Montesquieu and Rousseau who prooved the value of education as a political concept. Till 1789, the meaning of the expression grows richer in political, anthropological and pedagogical debates taking the various forms of plans, treatises or fictions. We have pointed up four periods, from 1748 to 1789, during which writers are oscillating between abstract forms and genres closer to reality. The works where the idea of national education is growing want sometimes to deepen the idea, examining it in theory, and sometimes to have an immediate influence upon reality. Authors often choose the form of the plan (of public education) because they hope that their instructions should be followed by the political power. At the same time as the idea of national education is being elaborated, the activity of citizenship is coming out. Each writer has a new conscience of his function in public life of the whole group. But, under the monarchy, the efforts to organize education by plans have no success, even if the idea has a great one: each writer seems to be alone, even if each tries to unify the nation by the mean of education, which creates the fusion between what is public and what is private