Academic literature on the topic 'Routage efficace'
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Journal articles on the topic "Routage efficace"
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B. Patil, Shailesh, and Milind B. Patil. "To Compare the Efficacy of Pre-Operative Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy Versus Routine Post-Operative Antibiotics in Routine Gynecological Surgeries." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 3 (2018): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.6318.19.
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Canullán, Carlos M., Enrique J. Petracchi, Nicolás Baglietto, Hugo I. Zandalazini, Bernabé M. Quesada, Pablo Merchán del Hierro, and Carlos Ocampo. "Abordaje laparoscópico sistemático de la coledocolitiasis." Revista Argentina de Cirugía 113, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25132/raac.v113.n1.1501.ei.
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Background: The prevalence of common bile duct stones associated with cholelithiasis increases with age and is about 15 % in the 8th decade of life but its management is still controversial. Some surgeons prefer the single-stage approach with laparoscopy while others suggest the two-stage management with preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of feasibility of single-stage laparoscopic surgery in patients with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective study with prospectively collected data between July 2008 and July 2018. Results: Of 2447 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed during the study period, 416 presented common bile duct stones. The global success of the transcystic approach to clear common bile duct stones was 81.2%, 70.4% in the cases with preoperative diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and 92.9% for other diagnoses. The rate of complications was 4% without deaths or bile duct injuries. Conclusion: Single-stage laparoscopic surgery is an efficient and safe approach based on the high global success of transcystic exploration. The preoperative diagnosis of choledocholithiasis reduces the efficacy of the procedure due to greater indication of choledocotomy, with complications and longer length of hospital stay.
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Akin, B. V., F. A. Hubbell, E. B. Frye, L. Rucker, and R. Friis. "Efficacy of the Routine Admission Urinalysis." Journal of Urology 138, no. 6 (December 1987): 1481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)43684-6.
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AKIN, B. V., F. A. HUBBELL, E. B. FRYE, L. RUCKER, and R. FRIIS. "Efficacy of the Routine Admission Urinalysis." Survey of Anesthesiology 31, no. 6 (December 1987): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132586-198712000-00033.
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Akin, Barbara V., F. Allan Hubbell, Elizabeth B. Frye, Lloyd Rucker, and Robert Friis. "Efficacy of the routine admission urinalysis." American Journal of Medicine 82, no. 4 (April 1987): 719–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(87)90006-4.
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Braunstein, H. "Efficacy of the routine admission urinalysis." American Journal of Medicine 83, no. 2 (August 1987): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(87)90733-9.
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Battelino, Tadej. "Continuous Glucose Monitoring Efficacy in Routine Use." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103, no. 6 (March 30, 2018): 2414–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-00275.
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Tait, Alan R., Harry G. Parr, and Kevin K. Tremper. "Evaluation of the efficacy of routine preoperative electrocardiograms." Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 11, no. 6 (October 1997): 752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-0770(97)90170-1.
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Berber, Mark J., and Neil Mcfeely. "Efficacy of Routine Admission Urinalyses in Psychiatric Hospitals." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 3 (April 1991): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379103600307.
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Chung, R. S., J. J. Diaz, and V. Chari. "Efficacy of routine laparoscopy for the acute abdomen." Surgical Endoscopy 12, no. 3 (March 1998): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900638.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Routage efficace"
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Kirchler, Dominik. "Routage efficace sur réseaux de transport multimodaux." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00877450.
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La mobilité est un aspect important des sociétés modernes. Par conséquent, il y a une demande croissante pour des solutions informatiques de calcul d'itinéraire. Dans cette thèse, le routage multimodal et le système Dial-a-Ride sont étudiés. Ils contribuent à une utilisation plus efficace de l'infrastructure de transport disponible, élément déterminant dans la perspective d'un développement durable. La planification d'itinéraires multimodaux est rendus complexe en raison des différents modes de transport qui doivent être combinés. Une généralisation de l'algorithme de Dijkstra peut être utilisée pour trouver les chemins les plus courts sur un réseau multimodal. Cependant, sa performance n'est pas suffisante pour les applications industrielles. De ce fait, cette thèse introduit un nouvel algorithme appelé SDALT. Il s'agit d'une adaptation de la technique d'accélération ALT. Pour évaluer la performance de SDALT, un graphe a été construit à partir d'un réseau multimodal réel basé sur les données de transport de la région française Ile-de-France. Il inclut la marche, les transports en commun, la voiture, la bicyclette ainsi que des informations relative aux horaires les horaires et les conditions de circulation. Les tests de performance montrent que SDALT fonctionne bien, avec un temps de calcul réduit d'un facteur compris entre 1,5 et 60 par rapport à l'algorithme de base. Dans un contexte multimodal autre la question de la détermination du chemin le plus court, se pose celle de trouver un chemin aller-retour multimodal optimal entre un point de départ et un point d'arrivée. Un véhicule privé (voiture ou bicyclette) utilisé pour une première partie du trajet aller doit être récupéré au cours du trajet retour pour être ramené au point de départ. Pour cette raison, le parking doit être choisi de manière à optimiser les temps de déplacement du trajet aller et du trajet retour combinés. L'algorithme qui est proposé ici résout ce problème plus rapidement que les techniques actuelles. Le système Dial-a-Ride offre aux passagers le confort et la flexibilité des voitures privées et des taxis à un moindre coût et avec plus d'éco-efficacité car il regroupe les demandes de transport similaires. Il fonctionne de la manière suivante: les passagers demandent le service en appelant un opérateur. Ils communiquent leur point de départ, leur point de destination, le nombre de passagers, et quelques précisions sur les horaires de service. Un algorithme calcule ensuite les itinéraires et les horaires des véhicules. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle heuristique efficace et rapide de type Granular Tabu Search, capable de produire de bonnes solutions dans des délais courts (jusqu'à 3 minutes). Comparativement aux autres méthodes, et au regard des instances de test de la littérature, cet algorithme donne de bons résultats.
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Audeoud, Henry-Joseph. "Routage efficace et garanti dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM055.
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Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil qui nous occupent dans cette thèse sont un ensemble d’appareils connectés les uns aux autres par des technologies bas débit et faible consommation. Leur rôle est de prendre des mesures sur l’environnement physique qui les entoure (suivis météoclimatiques, contrôles d’installationsindustrielles, relevés de l’état des réseaux de distributions, surveillance topographique. . . ). Ces mesuresdoivent ensuite être collectées vers l’extérieur du réseau. Comme les capteurs ont une courte portée decommunication radio, les transmissions sont faites en multisaut, les capteurs proches de la destinationrelayant l’information émise par ceux qui en sont plus éloignés. À cause du mouvement des nœuds eux-mêmes ou d’objets dans leur environnement perturbant les communications sans fil, la topologie exactedu réseau est sujette à des changements. De plus, les capteurs eux-mêmes, alimentés par batterie pour laplupart, sont limités en énergie et par là en capacité de transmission. Les techniques d’économie d’énergieappliquées pour éteindre la radio la plupart du temps imposent alors des contraintes de synchronisationsupplémentaires.Pour acheminer l’information dans le réseau, le protocole de routage établit des routes, de façon à ceque les capteurs puissent relayer l’information depuis et jusqu’au routeur de bordure du réseau à traversdes liens fiables et conduisant jusqu’à la destination à travers des chemins courts. À cause des limitationsdes capteurs, le protocole de routage doit être efficace en énergie, c’est-à-dire que la surcharge des trans-missions radio impliquées par le protocole de routage lui-même doit être aussi légère que possible. Il doitaussi être capable de rétablir la connectivité en cas de changement dans la topologie du réseau, et ce sanscréer de boucles de routage pénalisant tant la qualité de service que les réserves d’énergie des nœuds.Ce document décrit un protocole de routage répondant à ces objectifs. Il est capable de créer un arbrede collecte autoréparant permettant d’extraire l’information hors du réseau, ainsi que des routes pour dis-tribuer des commandes ou des accusés de réception aux nœuds. Il valide aussi le chemin emprunté parchaque paquet transmis afin de garantir qu’ils n’entrent jamais dans une boucle de routage. Le protocoleest mis en situation dans des simulations et aussi des expérimentations en plateforme réelle, montrant l’ef-ficacité des mécanismes proposés.Afin d’améliorer sa capacité à choisir les meilleurs liens disponibles, je propose également l’utilisationd’une nouvelle estimation de leur qualité. Elle est basée sur deux mesures complémentaires : une mesure àlong terme du niveau de bruit ambiant présent sur le canal radio, et une mesure ponctuelle de la puissancedu signal reçu de l’émetteur. Ces deux mesures fournissent une estimation du rapport signal à bruit, etpar là du taux de réception attendu. Cette estimation est à la fois précise, rapide à obtenir, et adaptée auxcontraintes des capteurs et des réseaux desquels nous parlonsThe wireless sensor networks that we work with in this thesis are a set of devices connected to eachother by low-rate and low-power technologies. Their role is to produce measures on the physical environ-ment around them (meteorological and climate condition tracking, monitoring of industrial installations,control of distribution grids, topographical surveillance. . . ). These measures must then be collected out ofthe network. Since the sensors have short range radios, transmissions are multi-hop, the sensors close tothe destination relaying the information transmitted by those which are further away from it. Because ofthe movement of the nodes themselves or of objects in their environment interfering with wireless commu-nications, the exact topology of the network is subject to change. In addition, the battery-powered sensorsare limited in energy and therefore in transmission abilities. The power-saving techniques applied to turnoff the radio most of the time impose synchronization constraints.To route information through the network, the routing protocol establishes routes, so that the sensorscan relay information from and to the network border router through reliable links leading to the destina-tion through short paths. Due to sensor limitations, the routing must be energy efficient, i.e. the overloadof the radio transmissions involved by the routing algorithm itself must be as lightweight as possible. Itmust also be able to restore connectivity on a network topology change without creating routing loops thatnegatively impact the quality of service and the energy reserves of the nodes.This document describes a routing protocol that meets these objectives. It is capable of creating a self-healing collection tree that extracts information out of the network, as well as from the routes to distributecommand messages or acknowledgment to the nodes. It also validates the data path of each packet toensure that they never enter a routing loop. The protocol is run in simulations and also on real platformexperiments, showing the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms.In order to improve its ability to choose the best available links, I also propose the use of a new esti-mation of their quality. It is based on two complementary measurements: a long-term measurement ofthe ambient noise level on the radio channel, and a measurement of the power of the signal received fromthe transmitter. These two measurements provide an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby theexpected reception rate. This estimate is both accurate, quick to obtain, and adapted to the constraints ofsensors and networks we are talking about
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Fotue, Fotso David Bertrand. "Agrégation et routage efficace de données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0066/document.
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Les Réseaux de Capteurs Sans Fils (RCSFs) ont pris beaucoup d'importance dans plusieurs domaines tels que l'industrie, l'armée, la pollution atmosphérique etc. Les capteurs sont alimentés par des batteries qui ne sont pas faciles à remplacer surtout dans les environnements peu accessibles. L'énergie de chaque capteur est considérée comme la source première d'augmentation de la durée de vie des RCSFs. Puisque la transmission de données est plus coûteuse en consommation d'énergie, notre préoccupation première est de proposer une technique efficace de transmission des données de tous les capteurs vers le sink tout en réduisant la consommation en énergie. Nous suggérons trois trois algorithmes d'agrégation de données basé sur la construction d'arbres : Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) et Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) qui permettront de réduire le nombre de transmissions de chaque capteur vers le sink. L'agrégation des données basée sur la construction d'arbres souffre du délai de délivrance de données parce que les parents doivent attendre de recevoir les données de leurs feuilles. Certains parents pourraient avoir beaucoup de feuilles, et il serait alors assez coûteux pour un parent de stocker toutes les données entrantes dans sa mémoire. Ainsi, nous devons déterminer le temps que chaque parent doit mettre pour agréger et traiter les données de ses feuilles. Nous proposons un algorithme, Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) qui utilise la métrique Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT). Etant donné la durée maximale acceptable, l'algorithme ETAPT prend en compte la position des parents, le nombre de feuilles et la profondeur de l'arbre pour calculer l'ADAPT optimal. A n'importe quel moment pendant l'agrégation des données par les parents, il peut arriver que la quantité de données collectées soit très grande et dépasse la quantité de stockage maximale de données que peut contenir leurs mémoires. Nous proposons l'introduction dans le réseau de plusieurs collecteurs de données appelés Mini-Sinks (MSs). Ces MSs sont mobiles et se déplacent selon un modèle de mobilité aléatoire dans le réseau pour maintenir la connexité afin d'assurer la collecte contrôlée des données basée sur le protocole de routage Mulipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Les capteurs peuvent être équipés de plusieurs interfaces radios partageant un seul canal sans fil avec lequel ils peuvent communiquer avec plusieurs voisins. La transmission des données à travers une liaison de communication entre deux parents peut interférer avec les transmissions d'autres liaisons si elles transmettent à travers le même canal. Nous avons besoin de savoir quel canal utiliser en présence de plusieurs canaux pour une transmission donnée. Nous proposons une méthode distribuée appelée: Well Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignement (WCDS-CA), pour calculer le nombre de canaux qui seront alloués à tous les capteurs de telle sorte que les capteurs adjacents se voient attribués des canaux différentsWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained much attention in a large range of technical fields such as industrial, military, environmental monitoring etc. Sensors are powered by batteries, which are not easy to replace in harsh environments. The energy stored by each sensor is the greatest impediment for increasing WSN lifetime. Since data transmission consumes more energy, our major concern is how to efficiently transmit the data from all sensors towards a sink. We suggest three tree-based data aggregation algorithms: Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) and Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) to reduce the number of transmissions from each sensor towards the sink. Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. Some parents might have many leaves, making it very expensive for a parent to store all incoming data in its buffer. We need to determine the aggregation time each parent in the tree has to spend in aggregating and processing the data from its leaves. We propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time. At any time, the amount of data aggregated by parents may become greater than the amount of data that can be forwarded. We propose the introduction into the network of many data aggregators called Mini-Sinks (MSs). MSs are mobile and move according to a random mobility model inside the sensor field to maintain the fully-connected network in order to aggregate the data based on the controlled Multipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Sensors may use many radio interfaces sharing a single wireless channel, which they may use to communicate with several neighbours. Two sensors operating on the same wireless channel may interfere with each other during the transmission of data. We need to know which channel to use in the presence of multiple channels for a given transmission. We propose a distributed Well-Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignment (WCDS-CA) approach, in which the number of channels that are needed over all sensor nodes in the network in such a way that adjacent sensor nodes are assigned to distinct channels
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Mazauric, Dorian. "Optimisation discrète dans les réseaux de télécommunication : reconfiguration du routage, routage efficace en énergie, ordonnancement de liens et placement de données." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643513.
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Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse à différents types de réseaux (optiques, sans-fil, pair-à-pair) ayant chacun leurs spécificités mais partageant des problématiques communes : assurer la meilleure qualité de services possible, garantir la stabilité du système, minimiser les ressources et donc le coût de fonctionnement. Tout d'abord, nous étudions le problème de la reconfiguration du routage dans les réseaux optiques consistant à rerouter les requêtes de connexion en minimisant les perturbations pour les utilisateurs. Puis, nous nous intéressons au problème de la détermination de routages efficaces en énergie dans les réseaux coeur. Pour ce faire, nous étudions le problème de trouver des routages minimisant le nombre d'équipements utilisés. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons aux algorithmes d'ordonnancement des liens dans les réseaux sans-fil en présence d'interférence. Enfin, nous considérons le problème de stockage de données dans les réseaux pair-à-pair. Nous étudions l'impact de différentes politiques de placement sur la durée de vie des données et nous déterminons un choix de placement optimal. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, nous utilisons les outils théoriques des mathématiques discrètes (graphes, configurations, optimisation combinatoire), d'algorithmique (complexité, algorithmique distribuée) et de probabilités.
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Fayçal, Marguerite. "Routage Efficace pour les Réseaux Pair-à-Pair utilisant des Tables de Hachage Distribuées." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00521935.
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Ce mémoire est une synthèse de nos travaux de recherche menés au sein des laboratoires d'Orange Labs (anciennement France Télécom R&D) pour répondre à une problématique identifiée par ledit opérateur et concernant les flux d'échanges en mode pair-à-pair (P2P). Communément assimilé à un échange de fichiers, le P2P a de nombreuses applications. Il correspond à une évolution du monde du logiciel, des réseaux et des équipements. Au-delà du partage, nous sommes confrontés à une puissance disponible de façon distribuée (en termes de CPU, bande passante, stockage, etc.). La montée en puissance du P2P exige de nouveaux systèmes pouvant satisfaire les besoins des usagers, mais aussi ceux des fournisseurs d'accès à Internet (FAI) et autres opérateurs de réseaux. Les premiers cherchent en permanence une bonne qualité de service (QoS) bien perceptible. Les seconds aspirent à l'optimisation de l'usage des ressources du réseau (notamment la bande-passante) et à la réduction des différents coûts d'opération et de maintenance (dont ceux découlant de leurs accords économiques inter-opérateurs). D'où l'intérêt de nos travaux de recherche qui visent à sensibiliser un réseau P2P au réseau IP sous-jacent, afin d'aboutir à un système de routage P2P efficace, en phase avec les politiques des réseaux d'infrastructures sous-jacents. Ces travaux se focalisent sur les systèmes P2P utilisant des tables de hachage distribuées (DHT), après les avoir étudiées et analysées. Ce mémoire commence par une analyse des principaux protocoles de découverte de ressources dynamiques dans les différentes architectures de réseaux P2P. Les exigences requises pour un routage P2P efficace sont par la suite établies. Il s'en suit une présentation des techniques de génération de l'information de proximité sous-jacente, ainsi que des techniques et principaux systèmes d'exploitation de cette information. Nos travaux de recherche ont abouti à la définition, la conception, la spécification et l'analyse individuelle et comparative de deux systèmes : CAP (Context-Aware P2P system) et NETPOPPS (NETwork Provider Oriented P2P System). Le premier système est sensible au contexte et introduit une sémantique dans les identifiants des pairs et des objets. Le second système est orienté opérateur de réseau, et adapte les flux P2P à la topologie sous-jacente et aux politiques de l'opérateur, tout en simplifiant la gestion des différents identifiants.
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Delahaye, Ruddy. "Simulation réaliste et efficace de la couche physique pour l'aide au routage des réseaux "ad hoc"." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2273.
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Ce travail de thèse concerne l’étude de la couche physique des réseaux ad hoc. Son objectif est de déduire une modélisation réaliste exploitable par les plate-formes de simulation actuelles. Le premier chapitre présente ces réseaux de façon général ainsi qu’un état de l’art des modèles de couche physiques existants en dégageant leurs avantages et inconvénients respectifs. Le second chapitre s’intéresse au canal de propagation radioélectrique et à ses modélisations, car ce dernier joue un rôle essentiel au niveau de la couche physique de tels réseaux. Le troisième chapitre se consacre à l’analyse de cette couche par le biais de différentes études comparatives réalisées à l’aide d’un simulateur entièrement développé au cours de cette thèse. Nous avons ainsi montré l’intérêt d’utiliser une modélisation réaliste du canal de propagation, basée sur un logiciel à tracé de rayons 3D ; mais aussi l’intérêt d’introduire le Taux d’Erreur Binaire (TEB) des liens radio pour l’aide au routage de l’information. Dans ce mémoire différentes optimisations permettant de réduire efficacement le temps de simulation de cette modélisation sont également proposées et font l’objet du quatrième chapitre. Elles permettent notamment de la rendre exploitable au sein des plate-formes logicielles offrant la possibilité d’étudier les réseaux ad hoc. Ainsi, le dernier chapitre expose les premiers travaux réalisés afin d’intégrer cette modélisation réaliste dans la plate-forme de simulation la plus utilisée actuellement, à savoir NS-2 (Network Simulator version 2)This PhD research focuses on the simulation of ad hoc networks physical layer. More precisely, the aim of the work is to develop a realistic modelling of this layer usable by the current simulation platform. In the first chapter, we present the ad hoc networks concept and a state of art of the physical layer models and we describe their advantages and drawbacks. Then, the second chapter introduce the radio propagation channel, which characterize wireless communication physical layer systems, and its existing modelling. Different comparative studies analyse this layer in the third chapter. These last ones were realized thanks to a physical layer simulator developed during this thesis. Thus, we have shown the interest of using a realistic propagation model such as 3D ray tracing method ; and also introducing the Bit Error Rate (BER) of each radio link to participate on the routing of information like the classical next-hop count of transmission delay criteria of the current protocols. In this dissertation, several computation time optimisations are proposed and presented in the fourth chapter. They allow to use our realistic model in simulation platform which offer the possibility of studying ad hoc networks. Finally, the last chapter develop the realised first works to integrate our realistic physical layer model in NS-2 (Network Simulator version 2), the most usable currently platform
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Liu, Li. "Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks and related problems of graph theory." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112223.
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Cette thèse est divisée en deux grandes parties selon le domaine de recherche :le problème de conservation d’énergie dans les réseaux des nœuds sans fil et le problème de la planification des grilles dans le système informatique. Le chapitre 1 introduit de nouveaux problèmes des WSNs se posent compare aux réseaux traditionnels et les réseaux traditionnels et les réseaux sans fil. Le chapitre 2 adresse une application qui surveille une série d’objectifs avec des emplacements connus par un ensemble de nœuds capteurs dans un WSN hétérogène. Plus loin, dans le chapitre 3, nous étudions le problème sous des conditions spécifiques. En se basant sur le modèle décrit dans les chapitres 2 et 3, nous continuons à supposer que le temps de travail d’un nœud capteur seulement pour la connexion est d fois, celui de la surveillance et la connexion. Dans le dernier chapitre, nous étudions le problème de maximiser la durée de vie et le problème de minimiser le retard, tous les deux sont liés au problème de routage dans les WSN pistant un mobile. Une autre question qu’on étudie dans cette thèse est la planification des grilles dans le système informatique. Le chapitre 6 tente de répondre à la première question, que ce soit. Dans ce chapitre, nous introduisons une nouvelle approche qui respecte les taches parallélismes pour l’informatique de grille. Le chapitre 7 tente de donner un nouveau modèle du système des grilles pour garantir la qualité de planification. Ce chapitre est censé résoudre le problème de savoir comment répartir l’optimale des ressources et adaptative dans la dynamique, évolutive et la distribution contrôlée environnement réseauThis thesis is divided into two major parts according to the research fields : the energy conservation problems in wireless sensor networks and the scheduling problems in grid computing systems. Chapter 1 introduces the emergence of wireless sensor networks and its characteristics according to which the new problems of wireless sensor networks arise compared with the traditional network and wireless networks. Chapter 2-4 present the problem of energy conservation with coverage. We address an application which monitors a set of targets with coverage. We address an application which monitors a set of targets with known locations by a set of sensor nodes in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. For further studies, we consider this problem under some specific conditions. We consider the wireless sensor networks satisfying that each node monitors one target or just for connection. Furthermore, we continue this work and defines the working time of a node is exactly d times. In chapter 5, present the efficient data routing problem for mobile tracking wireless sensor networks. Another issue we study in this thesis is about scheduling problems in grid computing systems. In chapter 6, we introduce a new approach that is with respect to job parallelism for computational grid. Chapter 7, tries to give a new grid system model to guarantee the quality of a schedule. This chapter is supposed to solve the problem of how to allocate the resources optimally and adaptively in the dynamic, scalable and distribute-controlled grid environment
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Theoleyre, Fabrice. "Accès au Médium et exploitation efficace des Réseaux Radio Multisaut." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Strasbourg, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057204.
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Les réseaux sans-fil multisaut représentent une partie essentielle du futur Internet. Depuis quelques années, nous observons une convergence vers des réseaux tout IP. En particulier, l'Internet des Choses a pour but d'interconnecter des objets intelligents (capteurs, actionneurs, tags RFID) directement à Internet. De même, les réseaux maillés peuvent servir de dorsale sans-fil collectant tout ce trafic. Ce type de réseau est essentiel pour disséminer l'intelligence et décentraliser les décision par exemple dans les villes intelligentes. Le fil conducteur de tous mes travaux explore l'algorithmie distribuée et les protocoles pour les réseaux radio multisaut. Je me suis principalement focalisé sur l'accès au médium : que ce soit dans les réseaux de capteurs ou dans les réseaux maillés, les défis se ressemblent. Les solutions suivent des démarches similaires, même si naturellement les réseaux de capteurs intègrent une contrainte énergétique supplémentaire. Parce que l'accès au médium n'est pas suffisant en tant que tel, j'ai également étudié l'exploitation efficace de ce partage d'accès, en regardant notamment comment construire des routes efficaces au dessus de ces solutions. Les travaux que j'ai développés avec tous les chercheurs ayant accepté de travailler avec moi s'articulent autour de 3 grands axes : - l'organisation des transmissions au sein de la couche MAC pour une meilleure efficacité, - l'exploitation de plusieurs canaux en parallèle pour solutionner plusieurs problèmes dus aux topologies multisaut - l'optimisation conjointe MAC / routage.
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Alaoui, Fdili Othmane. "Optimisation multicritères de la qualité de service dans les réseaux de capteurs multimédia sans fil." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0016/document.
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Les progrès réalisés en systèmes micro-électro-mécaniques couplés avec leur convergence vers les systèmes de communication sans fil, ont permis l'émergence des réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSF). Les contraintes de ces réseaux font que tous les efforts soient fournis pour proposer des solutions économes en énergie. Avec les récents développements des technologies CMOS, des capteurs d'images à faible coût ont été développés. En conséquence, un nouveau dérivé des RCSF, qui sont les Réseaux de Capteurs Vidéo Sans Fil (RCVSF), a été proposé. La particularité des données vidéo ainsi que les contraintes inhérentes aux nœuds ont introduit de nouveaux défis. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons deux solutions basées sur l'approche inter-couches pour la livraison de la vidéo sur les RCVSF. La première solution propose un nouveau schéma de compression vidéo adaptatif, efficace en énergie et basé sur la norme de compression vidéo H.264/AVC. Le flux vidéo est ensuite géré par une version améliorée du protocole MMSPEED que nous proposons et notons EQBSA-MMSPEED. Les résultats des simulations montrent que la durée de vie du réseau est étendue de 33%, tout en améliorant la qualité du flux vidéo reçu de 12%. Dans la deuxième solution, nous enrichissons le schéma de compression de modèles mathématiques pour prévoir la consommation d'énergie et la distorsion de l'image lors des phases d'encodage et de transmission. Le flux vidéo est géré par un nouveau protocole de routage efficace en énergie et à fiabilité améliorée noté ERMM. Comparée à une approche basique, cette solution réalise une extension de la durée de vie du réseau de 15%, tout en améliorant la qualité du flux vidéo reçu de 35%Thanks to the valuable advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems coupled with their convergence to wireless communication systems, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In the WSN context, all the efforts are made in order to propose energy-efficient solutions. With the recent developments in CMOS technology, low-cost imaging sensors have been developed. As a result, a new derivative of the WSN, which is the Wireless Video Sensor Network (WVSN), has been proposed. The particularities of the video data as well as the inherent constraints of the nodes have introduced new challenges. In this thesis, we propose two cross-layer based solutions for video delivery over the WVSN. The first solution proposes a new energy efficient and adaptive video compression scheme dedicated to the WVSNs, based on the H.264/AVC video compression standard. The video stream is then handled by an enhanced version of MMSPEED protocol, that we propose and note EQBSA-MMSPEED. Performance evaluation shows that the lifetime of the network is extended by 33%, while improving the video quality of the received stream by 12%. In the second solution, we enrich our compression scheme with mathematical models to predict the energy consumption and the video distortion during the encoding and the transmission phases. The video stream is then handled by a novel energy efficient and improved reliability routing protocol, that we note ERMM. Compared to a basic approach, this solution is extending the network lifetime by 15%, while improving the quality of the received video stream by 35%
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Huin, Nicolas. "Réseaux pilotés par logiciels efficaces en énergie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4080/document.
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Au cours des dernières années, la croissance des architectures de réseaux de télécommunication a rapidement augmenté pour suivre un trafic en plein essor. En outre, leur consommation d'énergie est devenue un enjeu Important, tant pour son impact économique qu'écologique. De multiples approches ont été proposées pour la réduire. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur l'approche Energy Aware Routing (EAR) qui consiste à fournir un routage valide tout en diminuant le nombre d'équipements réseau actifs. Cependant, les réseaux actuels ne sont pas adaptés au déploiement de politiques vertes globales en raison de leur gestion distribuée et de la nature fermée des périphériques réseau actuels. Les paradigmes de Software Defined Network (SDN) et de Network Function Virtualization (NFV) promettent de faciliter le déploiement de politiques vertes. En effet, le premier sépare le plan de contrôle et de données et offre donc une gestion centralisée du réseau. Le second propose de découpler le logiciel et le matériel des fonctions réseau et permet une plus grande flexibilité dans la création et la gestion des services réseau. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur les défis posés par ces paradigmes pour le déploiement de politiques EAR. Nous consacrons les deux premières parties aux SDNs. Nous étudions d'abord les contraintes de taille de table de routage causées par la complexité accrue des règles, puis le déploiement progressif de périphériques SDN dans un réseau actuel. Nous concentrons notre attention sur NFV dans la dernière partie, et plus particulièrement nous étudions les chaines de fonctions de servicesIn the recent years, the growth of the architecture of telecommunication networks has been quickly increasing to keep up with a booming traffic. Moreover, the energy consumption of these infrastructures is becoming a growing issue, both for its economic and ecological impact. Multiple approaches were proposed to reduce the networks' power consumption such as decreasing the number of active elements. Indeed, networks are designed to handle high traffic, e.g., during the day, but are over-provisioned during the night. In this thesis, we focus on disabling links and routers inside the network while keeping a valid routing. This approach is known as Energy Aware Routing (EAR). However current networks are not adapted to support the deployment of network-wide green policies due to their distributed management and the black-box nature of current network devices. The SDN and NFV paradigms bear the promise of bringing green policies to reality. The first one decouples the control and data plane and thus enable a centralized control of the network. The second one proposes to decouple the software and hardware of network functions and allows more flexibility in the creation and management of network services. In this thesis, we focus on the challenges brought by these two paradigms for the deployment of EAR policies. We dedicated the first two parts to the SDN paradigm. We first study the forwarding table size constraints due to an Increased complexity of rules. We then study the progressive deployment of SDN devices alongside legacy ones. We focus our attention on the NFV paradigm in the last part, and more particularly, we study the Service Function Chaining problem
Books on the topic "Routage efficace"
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Pereboom, Derk, and Gregg D. Caruso. Hard-Incompatibilist Existentialism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190460723.003.0011.
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Derk Pereboom and Gregg Caruso’s chapter on hard-incompatibilist existentialism explores the practical and existential implications of free will skepticism, focusing on punishment, morality, and meaning in life. They consider two different routes to free will skepticism: the route that denies the causal efficacy of the types of willing required for free will, which receives impetus from pioneering work in neuroscience, and the route that does not deny the causal efficacy of the will but instead claims that, whether deterministic or indeterministic, it does not achieve the level of control to count as free will. They argue that while there are compelling objections to the first route, the second remains intact and that free will skepticism allows for adequate ways of responding to criminal behavior—in particular, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and alternation of relevant social conditions—and that these methods are both morally justified and sufficient for good social policy.
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Behrens, Frank, Michaela Koehm, and Michael J. Parnham. Synthetic DMARDs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737582.003.0028.
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Synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (sDMARDs) are first line systemic treatment options for management of active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Most of the compounds are used based on evidence from clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis and from experience in routine care. Methotrexate is often recommended as the first choice within among sDMARDs, despite controversial or missing evidence of efficacy, according to experience over many years. Leflunomide, sulfasalazine, and cyclosporin are additional established options to treat PsA. The recently approved PDE4 inhibitor, apremilast, has broad evidence of efficacy. All these drugs have different strengths and weaknesses and varying levels of evidence for treatment of PsA. Therefore, the best treatment choice must be based on the different individual manifestations of the disease and comorbid conditions. In this chapter, the evidence levels for the different clinical symptoms are listed and suggestions for a hierarchical order of choice are given, adapted to likely clinical scenarios.
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Branford, Ruth, Emily Wighton, and Joy Ross. Principles of drug therapy: focus on opioids. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0091.
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Key principles of clinical pharmacology inform prescribing in palliative care. The use of opioid therapy for pain in populations with serious medical illness exemplifies the relevance of these principles. Concepts include the differences among efficacy, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness; the nature of a benefit-to-risk analysis; and the meaning of pharmacokinetic variation and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships. This information complements related information about opioid therapy, including best practices during routine care and the role of opioid switching, opioid abuse, and opioid prescribing at the end of life. More extensive information about general pharmacology is available in comprehensive pharmacology textbooks.
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Lee, Christoph I. Breast Cancer Screening in Average-Risk Women. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190223700.003.0038.
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This chapter, found in the cancer screening and management section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key meta-analysis regarding the efficacy of mammography for breast cancer screening among younger and older average-risk women. This summary outlines study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. Meta-analysis of available trial data demonstrates a 15% mortality reduction among women aged 39 to 49 years with routine screening mammography. This age group has the highest rates of additional imaging but lowest rates of benign biopsy. In addition to outlining the most salient features of the analysis, a clinical vignette and imaging example are included in order to provide relevant clinical context.
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Warwick, David. Prevention of thrombosis in orthopaedic surgery. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.0006.
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♦ The risk–benefit of thromboprophylaxis in orthopaedic surgery remains unclear♦ Some conditions, such as major trauma, carry a much higher risk than others, such as routine knee replacement♦ Some patients appear to be genetically more predisposed than others♦ In trials of efficacy of thromboembolism, the use of deep vein thrombosis as a surrogate endpoint for death from a pulmonary embolus may not be completely reliable♦ There is a variety of mechanical and chemical methods available, each of which has real and potential advantages as well as real and potential dangers♦ Even the length of time that a patient is at risk after major surgery is unclear♦ Clinicians should adhere to guidelines where possible.
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Koen, N., T. Amos, J. Ipser, and D. Stein. Antidepressants in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0034.
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This chapter discusses the use of antidepressants in treating symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Tricyclic antidepressants were the first psychotropic agents to be studied systematically and rigorously for the treatment of PTSD. While early studies focused both on the tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), more recent work has centered on the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); and paroxetine and sertraline are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in this disorder. However, given the relatively small effect sizes in SSRI trials of PTSD, there is a need for ongoing psychopharmacological research to understand underlying mechanisms of antidepressant efficacy and to optimize response to pharmacotherapy. Further data on pediatric PTSD and on medication prophylaxis are needed before routine antidepressant treatment can be endorsed in these contexts.
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Swales, Michaela A., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758723.001.0001.
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This handbook examines theoretical, structural, clinical and implementation aspects of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for a variety of disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD), suicidal behaviour in the context of BPD, substance use disorders, cognitive disabilities, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The volume considers the dialectical dilemmas of implementation with respect to DBT in both national and international systems, its adaptations in routine clinical settings, and its behavioural foundations. It also discusses evidence-based training in DBT, validation principles and practices in DBT, the biosocial theory of BPD, the structure of DBT programs, and the efficacy of DBT in college counseling centers. Finally, the book reflects on the achievements of DBT since the first treatment trial and considers challenges and future directions for DBT in terms of its theoretical underpinnings, clinical outcomes, adaptations and implementation in practice.
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Carabin, Hélène, Maria V. Johansen, Jennifer F. Friedman, Stephen T. McGarvey, Henry Madsen, Zhou Xiao-Nong, and Steven Riley. Zoonotic schistosomosis (schistosomiasis). Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0062.
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Asiatic schistosomiosis is a very old disease with Schistosoma japonicum eggs found in human remains > 2000 years old from Hunan and Hubei provinces in China (Mao and Shao 1982). The original description of Asiatic schistosomiosis was made by Fujii in 1847 (Sasa 1972). The life cycle was fi rst described by Kawanashi (1904) who noted trematode-like eggs in cat faeces. The same year, Katsurada recovered adult worms from a cat from Katayama, Japan (Okabe 1964). Fujinami and Nakamura (1909) first reported skin infection with S. japonicum cercariae of different mammals, and Miyairi and Suzuki (1914) discovered that Oncomelania hupensis served as intermediate host where miracidia developed into sporocysts and further into cercariae (Jordan 2000). The snail hosts of S. japonicum were discovered in China by Faust and Meleney (1923), The Philippines by Tubangui (1932) and in Indonesia by Carvey et al. (1973). In addition to the skin as the principal route of infection, Suda (1924) described oral infection and several authors described the intrauterine route of infection. (Okabe 1964; Sasa 1972).Following the understanding of the lifecyle, control measures including wearing closely woven clothing, composting of faeces with urine for at least 14 days, replacing cattle with horses, killing of rodents especially rats, killing of snails by lime, copper sulphate or salt water, were proven to have some efficacy. In Japan, an effective integrated control programme started after Second World War with the last human case being reported in 1978 (Jordan 2000 ). The National Schistosomiosis Control Programme in China started in 1955 and at that time more than 10 million people were infected with S. japonicum (Wu 2002). Emetine and antimony potassium tartrate were among the first drugs with proven efficacy against schistosomiosis in humans. Later antimony and finally praziquantel and artemether have been introduced as highly effective drugs with only minor adverse effects (Wu 2002).
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Politique de circulation des vehicules lourds sur le reseau routier municipal: Pour un transport efficace des marchandises en harmonie avec la securite ... la route et la protection du reseau routier. 2nd ed. Transports, 1994.
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Arden, Nigel, and Terence O’Neill. Intra-articular injection therapy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0032.
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Intra-articular injection therapy is widely used in the management of osteoarthritis (OA). It has advantages over oral therapy in that it can provide targeted therapy to individual joint sites and at higher dose than could be achieved through oral administration and with fewer adverse effects. Intra-articular steroid therapy, the most widely used intra-articular therapy, is safe and effective in the short term particularly at the knee; though more studies are needed to better characterize the longer-term benefit. The role of intra-articular hyaluronic acid in clinical management of OA is less clear though it may have a role in selected patients in whom other therapies are contraindicated. Currently there are no factors which have been identified as being predictors of response to therapy with intra-articular therapy. Many other intra-articular agents have been used in the management of OA, however, because of the limited evidence base relating to efficacy and safety they cannot currently be recommended for use in routine clinical practice.
Book chapters on the topic "Routage efficace"
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Guez, S. "Efficacy of Desensitization via the Sublingual Route in Mite Allergy." In Chemical Immunology and Allergy, 62–76. Basel: KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000071541.
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Bryant, Peter T. "Self-Regulation." In Augmented Humanity, 169–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76445-6_6.
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AbstractTo monitor and manage the dilemmas of digitalization, augmented agents must self-regulate in a collaborative fashion. Artificial agents are advancing rapidly in these respects and some are fully self-generative. They are increasingly capable of complex, fast, sensitive self-regulation. In consequence, augmented agents will have the potential for effective self-regulation and self-supervision. However, human self-regulation is often simplified and sluggish and lacks sensitivity. People rely on habit, routine, and docility, and often with good reasons. Yet, as noted, artificial agents are increasingly hyperactive and hypersensitive, compared to humans. When both agents combine, therefore, artificial self-regulatory functioning could be complex, fast, and precise, while human functioning is relatively simple, sluggish, and heuristic. The result could be self-regulatory divergence or convergence and possibly dysfunction. Further implications then follow for self-efficacy, task engagement, and motivational strength.
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Pontiroli, A. E., M. Alberetto, A. Calderara, E. Pajetta, V. Manganelli, L. Tessari, and G. Pozza. "Human Calcitonin Administered by the Nasal Route: Bioavailability of Different Formulations and Efficacy in Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis." In Delivery Systems for Peptide Drugs, 249–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9960-6_21.
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Kobayashi, Hiroaki, Shun’ichiro Taniguchi, and Tsuneo Baba. "Improved Efficacy of “Two-route Chemotherapy” Using Cisplatin and its Antidote, Sodium Thiosulfate, in Combination with Angiotensin II." In Platinum and Other Metal Coordination Compounds in Cancer Chemotherapy, 529–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0738-7_51.
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Szturz, Petr, and Jan B. Vermorken. "High-Dose Three-Weekly or Low-Dose Weekly Cisplatin during Radiation, What to Prefer?" In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_10.
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AbstractIn locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, adding three cycles of high-dose (100 mg/m2) cisplatin every three weeks to definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy can significantly improve locoregional control and survival. One of the major drawbacks is severe acute toxicity with about 40% of patients developing mucositis, up to one fourth suffering from dysphagia, and at least 20% having bone marrow suppression. Late toxicity has been under- and sometimes mis-reported and may even be responsible for an increase in non-cancer-related deaths in long-term survivors. Moreover, efficacy outcomes are still not satisfactory with 5-year overall survival rates ranging between 40% and 50%, excluding the growing minority of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer cases with a markedly better prognosis. Consequently, alternative regimens have gained attention with the aim to reduce toxicity, improve adherence, and maintain adequate anti-tumour activity. Low-dose (usually 40 mg/m2) cisplatin given in weekly intervals emerged as the preferred alternative to the standard, high-dose regimen. But do we have enough evidence to support this approach and which patients might become suitable candidates? While the use of high-dose cisplatin is supported by the results of four large trials randomizing altogether 1539 patients between conventionally fractionated chemoradiation and radiotherapy alone, there are only three small, similarly designed but possibly biased studies favouring a weekly regimen. In addition, two other trials randomly assigning patients to receive either high-dose or low-dose cisplatin, provided evidence against routine administration of the latter schedule. Therefore, although weekly cisplatin may enhance short-term tolerance in terms of gastro-intestinal, hepatic, hearing, renal, and haematological side effects, it cannot be excluded that this improvement comes at the price of compromised survival with no benefit in late adverse events. We acknowledge that certain clinical scenarios, particularly in the presence of relative contraindications to high-dose cisplatin, may favour a less toxic cisplatin dose and/or administration schedule, among which the low-dose weekly regimen. In this respect, the ever-growing population of elderly patients is in particular benefitting from a careful decision, taking into account the pros and cons of such regimens.
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Ramprasad, Vaibhav H., and Ryan J. Soose. "Efficacy and Safety." In Upper Airway Stimulation Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, 123–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521625.003.0008.
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Electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve through implantable neuromodulation systems (UAS) has been demonstrated to be both safe and effective in the management of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a subset of patients meeting specific clinical criteria. After decades of animal and human basic science research confirmed the feasibility and safety of UAS, multiple prospective studies, including the phase III multicenter Stimulation Therapy for Apnea Reduction (STAR) trial, demonstrated the efficacy of UAS in improving both polysomnographic (apnea–hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index) and patient-reported (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, Snoring Visual Analog Scale) outcome measures. Even with the widespread dissemination into routine clinical practice and commercial availability of the therapy across the United States and Europe, these studies also consistently report very low procedure-related or therapy-related serious adverse event rates. Recent comparison studies with upper airway reconstructive surgical procedures suggest that UAS provides treatment that is at least as effective but with reduced postoperative pain and risk, and with preservation of the upper airway anatomy.
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Beukes, Eldré W., Gerhard Andersson, Vinaya Manchaiah, Peter M. Allen, and David M. Baguley. "A Framework for Designing and Evaluating Internet Interventions to Improve Tinnitus Care." In Research Anthology on Telemedicine Efficacy, Adoption, and Impact on Healthcare Delivery, 104–34. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8052-3.ch007.
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Tinnitus can be a debilitating hearing-related symptom. Access to evidence-based tinnitus interventions remain limited. Tele-audiology can assist by providing a clinically and cost-effective tinnitus management route. This chapter highlights how this is made possible by focusing on one form of tele-audiology, namely an internet-based intervention. Guidelines are provided for the development of such interventions. A framework outlining the various processes involved in evaluating newly developed interventions is also provided. The chapter closes by discussing factors that may facilitate or hamper the dissemination of new interventions into existing service delivery models. This well-defined outline for intervention development and evaluation can be applied and used to guide innovative intervention models by stakeholders.
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Singh, Bhawana, Shyam Sundar, and Ashish Shukla. "Herbal Medicines for Thyroid Diseases." In Treating Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders With Herbal Medicines, 256–77. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4808-0.ch011.
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Thyroid dysfunctions represent the most common endocrine disorders and a major healthcare issue throughout the globe. The drawbacks associated with the conventional treatment approaches calls upon for the need to explore alternative treatment strategies. Herbal medicinal approach has been used since ages; however, it is not acceptable by the clinicians. Currently, there is no scientific evidence for the efficacy of herbal medicines in patient management. The necessity to fight against adverse drug events, high treatment costs, and compliance issues is forcing the scientists to look upon for traditional herbal medicinal approaches. This chapter provides an overview of the efficacy of different herbal medicines and scientific evidence that necessitates their usage for improving thyroid functions. There remains a need for a careful and routine follow-up as a mandatory parameter before establishing herbal medicine as a global treatment approach.
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Chandel, Arvind Kumar Singh, and Nutan Bhingradiya. "Therapeutic Efficacy of Herbal Formulations Through Novel Drug Delivery Systems." In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 1–42. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4453-2.ch001.
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The herbal-based drugs have been getting wide attention over the last few decades. The herbal drugs have been used from the ancient times, but the dose accuracy, efficacy, and treatment was just based on symptomatic observatory. Modern research is focused on pure bioactive compound instead of crude. The researchers are trying to apply the current advanced nanotechnology-based knowledge on the herbal medicines to improve efficacy and reduces the unwanted pharmacological actions' adverse effects of the therapeutic molecules. The many novel drug delivery systems available used for the herbal bioactive molecules include polymeric micelle, injectable hydrogel, nano gel, nano emulsions, microsphere, polymeric nanoparticles, nano capsules, liposomes, phytosomes, transferosomes, dendrimer, and ethosomes. This chapter highlights the existing research and development of current standing of the of various novel formulations especially for the herbal bioactive molecules and summarizes their active ingredients, commercial formulations, route of drug administration, and pharmacological activity.
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Tranbaugh, Robert F., Mario Gaudino, Brian F. Buxton, and James Tatoulis. "The radial artery." In State of the Art Surgical Coronary Revascularization, edited by Tristan D. Yan, Ki-Bong Kim, Paul G. Bannon, and Mario Gaudino, 275–80. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758785.003.0046.
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The radial artery is an easily harvested, versatile, and high-quality conduit with proven safety and efficacy during coronary artery bypass grafting. When properly harvested and deployed, the long-term patency is excellent and similar to the left internal thoracic artery. Either open or endoscopic harvesting may be used and target vessel stenosis should be at least 70%. Radial artery grafting is superior to saphenous vein grafting and appears to be equivalent to using the right internal thoracic artery. Adoption of radial artery grafting may be the most direct path to routine multiple arterial bypass grafting in the majority of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Conference papers on the topic "Routage efficace"
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Dichelmüller, H., and W. Stephan. "ROUTINE MONITORING OF THE β-PROPIOLACTONE/UV STERILIZATION PROCEDURE USING BACTERIOPHAGES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644058.
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Cold sterilization of plasma or plasma derivatives such as the serum preserve Biseko® and coagulation factor concentrates by β-Propiolactone (β-PL)/UV has been demonstrated in various studies to be effective in inactivation of Hepatitis viruses and HIV. The methods used in these studies are not applicable in routine monitoring of sterilization processes, as chimpanzees must be involved in the titration of Hepatitis B or NANB viruses.For routine monitoring of the sterilization efficacy we therefore developed a test system using four types of bacteriophages: Øx 174, Øe, Kappa and f2. Using these bacteriophages in 88 single tests, sterilization efficacy was regularly monitored during the period fran 1981 to 1986. For these tests samples were drawn from pooled human plasma, spiked with bacteriophages and subjected to the cold sterilization procedure under identical conditions and apparative equipenent, but strictly separated fran the production process. By treatment with β-Propiolactone and UV all bacteriophages were inactivated by more than 6.7 log10, independent from size or genom structure. This inactivation is in the range of inactivation of Hepatitis B virus by β-PL/UV as a relevant pathogenic virus. During this six year period of monitoring no significant alternations in sterilization efficacy were observed, indicating a constantly safe inactivation rate for numerous production lots and for many years of production.
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Guo, Xiaojie, and Zhouchen Lin. "ROUTE: Robust Outlier Estimation for Low Rank Matrix Recovery." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/242.
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In practice, even very high-dimensional data are typically sampled from low-dimensional subspaces but with intrusion of outliers and/or noises. Recovering the underlying structure and the pollution from the observations is key to understanding and processing such data. Besides properly modeling the low-rank structure of subspace, how to handle the pollution, is core regarding the performance of recovery. Often, the observed data is posed as a superimposition of the clean data and residual, while the residual can be roughly divided into two groups, including small dense noises and gross sparse outliers. Compared with small noises, outliers more likely ruin the recovery, as they can be arbitrarily large. By considering the above, this paper designs a method for recovering the low rank matrix with robust outlier estimation, termed as ROUTE, in a unified manner. Theoretical analysis on convergence and optimality, and experimental results on both synthetic and real data are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method and show its superiority over other state-of-the-arts.
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Balhorn, Rodney, Gary Mirick, Gerald L. DeNardo, Laurel Beckett, Judy Li, Saphon Hok, and Monique Balhorn. "Abstract 2703: Effect of route and dosing regimen on efficacy of SH7139 in mouse Burkitt's lymphoma xenografts." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2703.
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Misch, Daniel, Maike de Wit, Christian Grah, Christian Grohé, Jens Kollmeier, Torsten Blum, Nikolaj Frost, and Annette Reinecke. "Efficacy and safety of nivolumab in routine NSCLC treatment – an observational study in 5 lung cancer centers in Berlin, Germany." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.oa1477.
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Goel, Varun, Sajjan Singh, Vineet Talwar, Pankaj Goyal, and Amitabh Upadhyay. "Study of efficacy and safety of adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy in carcinoma ovary." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685307.
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Background: The benefit of administering chemotherapy directly into the peritoneal cavity is supported by preclinical, clinical and pharmacokinetic data. In view of paucity of data from the Indian subcontinent, we decided to study the response and tolerability of intraperitoneal (I/P) chemotherapy in carcinoma ovary in Indian population. Methods: In this observational study, from March 2013 to June 2015, the efficacy and tolerability of adjuvant I/P chemotherapy in optimally cytoreduced stage III epithelial ovarian cancer patients were assessed. Treatment consisted of 135 mg/m2 of i.v. paclitaxel over a 3-hours period on day 1 followed by AUC 5 carboplatin i.v. on day 2 and 60 mg/m2 of i.p. paclitaxel on day 8 every 3 weekly for six cycles. Results: Total 50 patients were enrolled. The median age of patients was 53 yrs (32 yrs – 67 yrs). Out of a total of 240 I/P cycles, 225 cycles (93%) were completed. 30 patients (75%) received all the 6 cycles by IP route, 6 patients completed 5, 3 patients completed 4 cycles and 1 completed 3 I/P cycles. 4 Out of 30 patients who completed all 6 cycles of I/P chemotherapy, had one or more adjustment including delay while in 3 patients (7.5%) dose had to be reduced. after median follow up of 14 months, 8 patients (12.5%) had local or systemic recurrence, 2 patients (5%) had progression during treatment and died due to disease. median progression free survival not reached yet. One patients had vaginal leak. Catheter block was seen in five cases. Two cases had needle displacement and extravasations of drug around the port chamber. 6 patients had severe abdominal pain and cramp (grade 3) after infusion of saline. Hematologic toxicity was evaluated in all patients and in all cycles. Grade 3 or 4 Leucopenia was experienced by 25 patients (50%) but Febrile Neutropenia occurred in only 5 (10%) patients. Grade 3 or 4 anemia occurred in 17 (42.5%) and grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was experienced by 6 patients (15%). Renal complication present in 3 patients (7.5%) and transient transfusion reaction developed in 5 patients. mucositis present in 21 patients. Conclusions: Adjuvant I/P chemotherapy in optimally cytoreduced epithelial ovarian cancer is active and well tolerated in Indian patients.
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Tarawneh, Constantine, James A. Aranda, Veronica V. Hernandez, and Claudia J. Ramirez. "An Analysis of the Efficacy of Wayside Hot-Box Detector Data." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6218.
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Wayside hot-box detectors (HBDs) are devices that are currently used to monitor bearing, axle, and brake temperatures as a way of assessing railcar component health and to indicate any possible overheating or abnormal operating conditions. Conventional hot-box detectors are set to alarm whenever a bearing is operating at a temperature that is 94.4°C (170°F) above ambient, or when there is a 52.8°C (95°F) temperature difference between two bearings that share an axle. These detectors are placed adjacent to the railway and utilize an infrared sensor in order to obtain temperature measurements. Bearings that trigger HBDs or display temperature trending behavior are removed from service for disassembly and inspection. Upon teardown, bearings that do not exhibit any discernible defects are labeled as “non-verified”. The latter may be due to the many factors that can affect the measurement of HBDs such as location of the infrared sensor and the class of the bearing among other environmental factors. A field test was performed along a route that is more than 483 km (300 mi) of track containing 21 wayside hot-box detectors. Two freight cars, one fully-loaded and one empty, and one instrumentation car pulled by a locomotive were used in this field test. A total of 16 bearings (14 Class F and 2 Class K) were instrumented with K-type bayonet thermocouples to provide continuous temperature measurement. The data collected from this field test were used to perform a systematic study in which the HBD IR sensor data were compared directly to the onboard thermocouple data. The analyses determined that, in general, HBDs tend to overestimate Class K bearing temperatures more frequently than Class F bearing temperatures. Additionally, the temperatures of some bearings were underestimated by as much as 47°C (85°F). Furthermore, the HBD data exhibited some false trending events that were not seen in temperature histories recorded by the bayonet thermocouples. The findings from the field test suggest that HBDs may inaccurately report bearing temperatures, which may contribute to the increased percentage of non-verified bearing removals. To further investigate the accuracy of the wayside detection systems, a dynamic test rig was designed and fabricated by the University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) research team at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). A mobile infrared sensor was developed and installed on the dynamic tester in order to mimic the measurement behavior of a HBD. The infrared temperature measurements were compared to contact thermocouple and bayonet temperature measurements taken on the bearing cup surface. The laboratory-acquired data were compared to actual field test data, and the analysis reveals that the trends are in close agreement. The large majority of temperature measurements taken using the IR sensor have been underestimated with a similar distribution to that of the data collected by the HBDs in field service.
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de Souza, Robson Ferreira, Luciane G. Tomaz, Vicente J. C. Real, and Tatiana Malafaia Cardoso. "The Application of Lean Six Sigma Methodology in Execution Process, Management and Attribution of Maintenance Activities." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33573.
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One of any company’s major assets is information and there is no information without data. In this regard, there are numerous market solutions for maintenance data records. At times, data quality is not satisfactory and this prevents obtaining information, thus jeopardizing reliability of the assets, affecting efficacy of a company’s management decisions and causing serious problems. This article aims to explain the use of the six sigma methodology to improve quality in maintenance records in the Natural Gas Department of Transpetro. To this end, the Maintenance Record Improvement Project was created, which involved plotting the execution process and maintenance records, development of portable tools for field records, redefining execution and management of routine maintenance processes, workforce training and cultural change. The article demonstrates how improvement opportunities were identified, mapping and measuring gaps, analysis of needs jointly with ways for treating them and preparing the action plan to prioritize the correction of deviations. In order to control the process, an indicator was developed to monitor progress in the quality of completing the records in the diverse Work Centers in the Transpetro Natural Gas Department (DGN) maintenance area.
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Misra, Nipun, Yaoling Pan, and Costas P. Grigoropoulos. "Laser Thermal Processing of Nanowires." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43722.
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Semiconductor nanowires offer an alternative bottom-up route for nanoscale electronics and photonics application. The possibility of combining nanowires with cheap flexible substrates in the form of nanowire thin-films or composite materials composed of nanowires has opened up a new paradigm for inorganic semiconductor based technologies on flexible substrates. Recently, thin film transistors have been fabricated on plastic substrates based on this technique. This paper discusses laser thermal processing of nanowires as an alternative to conventional thermal processing. Ultra-short pulsed lasers allow for localized energy deposition into nanowires and can therefore enable thermal processing of nanowires on sensitive substrates such as plastics. Laser-based annealing of ion-implanted silicon nanowires is investigated for application in high performance flexible electronics. The efficacy of laser processing is examined through studies of the effect of number of pulses and incident fluence levels on conductance of the nanowires. Finally, numerical predictions of the absorption in the nanowires are presented.
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Warm, M., R. Kates, F. Overkamp, SG Zaun, and N. Harbeck. "Results of the German fulvestrant in practice evaluation programme to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability and acceptance of fulvestrant under daily routine conditions." In CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-6132.
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Fasching, PA, M. Wallwiener, MP Lux, V. Mueller, A. Schneeweiss, H. Tesch, SY Brucker, et al. "Abstract OT3-02-09: Seraphina – Safety efficacy and patient reported outcomes of advanced breast cancer patients: Therapy management with NAB-paclitaxel in daily routine." In Abstracts: Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 8-12, 2015; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-ot3-02-09.
Full textReports on the topic "Routage efficace"
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Liu, YuanLiang, Hua Zeng, and ZuoFeng Jiang. Safety and efficacy of routine upstream initiation vs deferred selective use of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in Acute Coronary Syndromes: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0055.
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Zhang, Jingxia, Shasha LI, Chongbo Zhao, Weifeng Wang, Fan Li, and Fang Li. The Therapeutic Efficacy of Chinese Patent Medicine Combined With Routine Western Medicine in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.5.0050.
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Wang, Jiahao, Xue Zhu, and Yuying Sun. Efficacy and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Routine Western Medicine for the asymptomatic novel coronavirus disease (COVID–19) - A Bayesian network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.7.0022.
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Canellas, Joao Vitor, Fabio Ritto, and Paul Tiwana. Comparative efficacy and safety of different corticosteroids to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0023.
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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different corticosteroids to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best preoperative option to control postoperative inflammatory complications? 2) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain, edema, and trismus induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).
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Canellas, Joao Vitor, Fabio Ritto, and Paul Tiwana. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0069.
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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different drugs to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse drugs currently available, which postoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient to reduce pain after mandibular third molar surgery? 2) Is the pre-emptive analgesia effective in reducing pain immediately after the mandibular third molar surgery? In this case, 3) Which preoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient? 4) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best option to control the edema induced by the surgery? 5) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain/ edema induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).