Academic literature on the topic 'Route 2030'
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Journal articles on the topic "Route 2030"
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Lin, Z., W. Lin, and L. Pengfei. "Analysis of shallow-groundwater dynamic responses to water supply change in the Haihe River plain." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 368 (May 7, 2015): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-368-373-2015.
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Abstract. When the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is completed, the water supply pattern of the Haihe River plain in North China will change significantly due to the replenishment of water sources and groundwater-exploitation control. The water-cycle-simulation model – MODCYCLE, has been used in simulating the groundwater dynamic balance for 2001–2010. Then different schemes of water supply in 2020 and 2030 were set up to quantitatively simulate the shallow-groundwater dynamic responses in the future. The results show that the total shallow-groundwater recharge is mainly raised by the increases in precipitation infiltration and surface-water irrigation infiltration. Meanwhile, the decrease of groundwater withdrawal contributes to reduce the total discharge. The recharge–discharge structure of local groundwater was still in a negative balance but improved gradually. The shallow-groundwater level in most parts was still falling before 2030, but more slowly. This study can benefit the rational exploitation of water resources in the Haihe River plain.
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Mahapatra, Mana, M. Selvaraj, and Satya Parida. "Comparison of Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of PPR Live Attenuated Vaccines (Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri 96) Administered by Intranasal and Subcutaneous Routes." Vaccines 8, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020168.
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Following the successful eradication of rinderpest, the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) have set a goal to eradicate peste des petits ruminants (PPR) globally by 2030. Vaccination is being taken forward as the key strategy along with epidemiological surveillance to target vaccination efforts and eradicate the disease. PPR is highly contagious and is generally spread by aerosolized droplets and close contact. Currently, two live attenuated vaccines (Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri 96) are in use, and administered subcutaneously to prevent transmission of PPR and protect vaccinated animals. Though the target cells that support primary replication of PPR vaccine strains are largely unknown, it is hypothesized that the immune response could be intensified following intranasal vaccine delivery as this route mimics the natural route of infection. This study aims to compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the two currently available live attenuated PPR vaccines following subcutaneous and intranasal routes of vaccination in target species. Groups of five goats were vaccinated with live attenuated PPR vaccines (Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri 96) by either the subcutaneous or intranasal route, and 28 days later challenged intranasally with virulent PPR virus. All vaccinated animals regardless of vaccination route produced PPRV-specific antibodies post-vaccination. Following challenge, all goats were protected from clinical disease, and vaccination was considered to have induced sterilizing immunity. This study demonstrates that the intranasal route of vaccination is as effective as the subcutaneous route of vaccination when using available live attenuated PPR vaccines.
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Shukla, P. R., and Subash Dhar. "Regional cooperation towards trans‐country natural gas market." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 3, no. 3 (September 11, 2009): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506220910986798.
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PurposeIndia began gas imports since 2004 through liquified natural gas (LNG) route. Imports through trans‐country gas pipelines could help in bringing gas directly into the densely populated Northern part of India, which are far from domestic gas resources as well as coastal LNG terminals. The purpose of this paper is to report scenarios, which quantify the impacts for India of regional cooperation to materialize trans‐country pipelines. The analysis covers time period from 2005 to 2030.Design/methodology/approachThe long‐term energy system model ANSWER‐MARKAL is used for the analysis.FindingsTrans‐country pipelines could deliver direct economic benefit of US$310 billion for the period 2010‐2030. Besides these, there are positive externalities in terms of lower greenhouse gas emissions and improved local environment, and enhanced energy security. However, the benefits are sensitive to global gas prices as higher gas prices would reduce the demand for gas and also the positive externalities from using gas.Practical implicationsTrans‐country pipelines are of great importance to India as they add 0.4 per cent to gross domestic product over the period besides yielding positive environmental externalities and improved energy security.Originality/valueQuantification of benefits from trans‐country pipeline proposals till 2030.
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Burdenko, E. V., and E. V. Bykasova. "STATE SUPPORT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 10 (October 30, 2020): 2463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-10-2463-2479.
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The article provides a retrospective analysis of the development of entrepreneurship in Russia from the 9th century to 2020. 4 periods in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia are highlighted and the characteristics of each of the periods are given. At the first stage, the development of entrepreneurship was facilitated by the formation of cities, which became a trade center. In the 9th century, the trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" was actively used. The study showed that the state has always had a strong influence on the development of entrepreneurship. The most difficult in the development of Russian entrepreneurship is the Soviet period, after which the revival of small and medium-sized enterprises began with the support of the state. Attention is paid to modern legislation governing the financial and economic activities of SMEs. A retrospective analysis of government programs to support SMEs from 1994 to 2020 was carried out. The program of state support, which has been in effect since 2016, "Strategy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" is considered in more detail. In Russia, 95% of private enterprises are microbusiness. The SME Strategy 2030 proposes a classification of SMEs into 2 groups: mass SMEs and hightech ones. Attention is paid to target indicators of SME development for each of the groups until 2030. By 2030, the turnover of SMEs should increase by 240% compared to 2014, the share of SME exports in the total volume of Russian exports should increase to 12%, the number of high-performance jobs in small and mediumsized businesses should increase, etc.
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Bulach, Winfried, Doris Schüler, Guido Sellin, Tobias Elwert, Dieter Schmid, Daniel Goldmann, Matthias Buchert, and Ulrich Kammer. "Electric vehicle recycling 2020: Key component power electronics." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 4 (March 4, 2018): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18759191.
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Electromobility will play a key role in order to reach the specified ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets in the German transport sector of 42% between 1990 and 2030. Subsequently, a significant rise in the sale of electric vehicles (EVs) is to be anticipated in future. The amount of EVs to be recycled will rise correspondingly after a delay. This includes the recyclable power electronics modules which are incorporated in every EV as an important component for energy management. Current recycling methods using car shredders and subsequent post shredder technologies show high recycling rates for the bulk metals but are still associated with high losses of precious and strategic metals such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium and tantalum. For this reason, the project ‘Electric vehicle recycling 2020 – key component power electronics’ developed an optimised recycling route for recycling power electronics modules from EVs which is also practicable in series production and can be implemented using standardised technology. This ‘WEEE recycling route’ involves the disassembly of the power electronics from the vehicle and a subsequent recycling in an electronic end-of-life equipment recycling plant. The developed recycling process is economical under the current conditions and raw material prices, even though it involves considerably higher costs than recycling using the car shredder. The life cycle assessment shows basically good results, both for the traditional car shredder route and the developed WEEE recycling route: the latter provides additional benefits from some higher recovery rates and corresponding credits.
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Pirtskhalava, Nana, and Aleksandr Karpov. "INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN FOREST INDUSTRY." Forestry Engineering Journal 9, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2019.4/18.
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Russia is the richest country with forest resources. It accounts for 22 % of the world's forest cover and half of the world's coniferous wood reserves. According to forecasts, the demand for commercial wood will increase by about 150 million cubic meters by 2030. There is only one real source – Russia's reserves. Reserves today amount to more than 83 billion cubic meters. For enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region, the main markets for woodworking products are China, the USA, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and Egypt. Based on this, the study has formed a logistic export system for three transportation options. In addition, studies have been carried out on the basis of UNCTAD, EUROSTAT and FAO materials, as well as SEARATES technical and economic data. When choosing a logistics system option, an integrated economic assessment of costs by components has been used: material flow, information flow, and logistics intermediaries. The study has examined six potential routes for delivering timber between ports in East Asia (Shanghai) and Europe (Rotterdam). Based on the results of the research, the following conclusions can be drawn. The study has addressed the issue of transportation along the Northern Sea Route (HIAR). Transportation along this route is possible only in the event of global warming and accelerated retreat of the Arctic sea ice. The economic strength for distance savings from Asia to Europe makes the northern route a likely driver of change in transportation networks
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Ramanujam, Nandini, Nicholas Caivano, and Alexander Agnello. "Distributive Justice and the Sustainable Development Goals: Delivering Agenda 2030 in India." Law and Development Review 12, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 495–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2019-0020.
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Abstract The sustainable development goals (SDGs) present a real opportunity to direct India towards a path of equality and equity. This article posits that India’s plans to achieve the millennium development goals by the end of their term in 2015 faltered because reforms designed to alleviate poverty and achieve equitable growth did not adequately address weaknesses in institutions of accountability, which undermined the reform agenda. These institutions, which include Parliament and the judiciary, exist in part to ensure that actions taken by public officials are subject to oversight so that government initiatives meet their stated objectives. As India shifts its attention to Agenda 2030, its renewed commitment to institutional reforms represents an occasion for the state to address the inequalities in income and the resulting human development concerns. For the government to achieve the SDGs, this article suggests that India must integrate what we refer to as a baseline conception of distributive justice within its plans, which can account for structural barriers to its development arising from ineffective institutions of accountability and provide the poor with a route towards individual empowerment.
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Fedorova, Mariya V. "Justification Of the need for the Construction оf the Maglev Route St. Petersburg – Sertolovo." Transportation Systems and Technology 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2019): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201954134-146.
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Background: According to experts, the most popular form of urban public transport for urban agglomerations is radio-magnetic transport. The scientific literature notes that the development of magnetic transport can be a real answer to the growing demands of society on the quality and speed of movement of passengers in the era of digitalization of the economy [1]. In connection with new trends in the evolution of transport systems, the literature substantiates the need to use fundamentally new modes of transport, and also identifies the restrictions imposed on further improvement of the wheel-rail technology.
Aim: Putting into operation lines of magneto-transport vehicles in places of concentration of growing passenger flows, which will help to reduce travel time, meet freight requirements, improve the quality and increase travel safety when driving along dedicated lanes.
Method: The article identifies the factors that determine the demand for the use of magnetolithic transport. Demand for population movement has been predicted using the example of the St. Petersburg - Sertolovo magnetic transport line for the long term until 2030, taking into account plans for the socio-economic and urban development of the gravity zone. The article predicts the population of the gravity zone of the projected line of magneto-gravitational transport until 2030.
Results: As the basis for the development of the transport system of urban agglomerations, it is proposed to use magnetolithic transport. For its operation, a special high-speed infrastructure and a new rolling stock are needed. The projects for the construction and operation of MLT lines are extremely long-term in nature, significantly affect the development of urban transport, and therefore their implementation is possible only within the framework of strategic management of the development of urban transport systems.In other words, there is a need for the development and economic evaluation of projects for the construction and operation of magnetolithic transport lines in the formation and implementation of transport strategies of modern urban agglomerations.
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Xie, Kai, Hao Xu, and Jing Wu. "The Accessibility of Nanjing Urban Park Based on GIS." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0029.
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The density and pattern of urban parks, traffic conditions are the main factors affecting urban park accessibility. To clarify the influence of traffic mode and urban road network on urban park accessibility, we examine downtown area of Nanjing, China, and based on GIS network analysis, analyze urban park accessibility under different traffic modes in the current year (2017) and the Nanjing master planning target year (2030). The results shows: Using automobiles takes the shortest time to get to urban parks in 2017 and 2030 (if the problem of parking is ignored). Comparing the results of 2030 and 2017, by when the ground transportation network in the study area will be further improved, urban park accessibility was improved by a small margin under walking and automobile traffic modes, however, the density of rail traits increased fastest, urban park accessibility is improved most under this mode of transportation, rail transit route development becomes the dominant factor in improving park accessibility in downtown area of Nanjing. To a certain extent, this study reveals the leading factors of improving the accessibility of urban parks on the premise that the system of urban parks tends to be stable, and provides a reference for improving urban park accessibility.
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Palliyaguru, Lalinda, Ushan S. Kulathunga, Lakruwani I. Jayarathna, Champa D. Jayaweera, and Pradeep M. Jayaweera. "A simple and novel synthetic route to prepare anatase TiO2 nanopowders from natural ilmenite via the H3PO4/NH3 process." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 27, no. 6 (June 2020): 846–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2030-3.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Route 2030"
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Cunha, Roberto da. "Avaliação dos aspectos tributários do Inovar-Auto: programa de incentivos à indústria automotiva." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19445.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os aspectos tributários do Programa de Incentivo à Inovação Tecnológica e Adensamento da Cadeia Produtiva – INOVAR-AUTO, sob o ponto de vista das empresas destinatárias dos incentivos, em especial, as fabricantes de veículos. O INOVAR-AUTO foi instituído em 2012 no âmbito do Plano Brasil Maior, conjunto de iniciativas de política industrial do governo brasileiro. Tem como metas o estímulo à inovação, o fortalecimento da cadeia de fornecedores e o aumento de eficiência energética e dos padrões de segurança dos veículos comercializados no país. Suas regras têm validade de 2013 a 2017 e seu mecanismo é a concessão de créditos e isenções tributárias aos fabricantes e importadores de veículos, que em contrapartida têm que assumir compromissos de execução no país de atividades fabris, patamares mínimos de dispêndios com pesquisa, desenvolvimento, engenharia e tecnologia, participação em programa de etiquetagem veicular e atingir metas de melhoria nos padrões de consumo e emissões dos veículos. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o presente estudo é um trabalho exploratório sobre práticas jurídicas, que se utiliza primordialmente de fontes primárias. Examina as regras do INOVAR-AUTO para identificar as atividades necessárias para o cumprimento de seus requisitos e os principais riscos e obstáculos para as empresas participantes. A partir deste exame, o estudo trata em maior detalhe de dois temas: primeiro, a complexidade de operação do sistema desenvolvido pelo governo, em conjunto com o setor automotivo, para apuração do conteúdo nacional nos insumos, fator gerador dos créditos. Segundo, a formatação das metas de eficiência energética, os desafios para atingi-las e os riscos por eventual fracasso. O trabalho avalia as opções disponíveis para as empresas do setor, para concluir pela inviabilidade de não adesão ao INOVAR-AUTO. Também faz um balanço dos benefícios e problemas para as empresas, bem como descreve as bases da nova proposta de política para o setor, denominada Rota 2030 e que substituirá o INOVAR-AUTO a partir de 2018. São discutidos os fatores que podem influenciar o novo regime, tais como os resultados de solução de controvérsia na OMC e as novas tendências tecnológicas para veículos. A pesquisa busca antecipar possíveis impactos da Rota 2030 para as empresas automotivas.
The purpose of this work is to evaluate tax aspects of the Program of Incentives to the Technological Innovation and Enhancement of the Production Chain – INOVAR-AUTO from the point of view of the companies contemplated with such incentives, in special the vehicle manufacturers. INOVAR-AUTO was enacted in 2012 as part of a wider range of industrial policies named Greater Brazil Plan (‘Plano Brasil Maior’) implemented by the Brazilian government. This regime has as objectives to incentive innovation, to strenghten the supply chain and to increase the energy efficiency and safety standards of the vehicles marketed in the country. The incentives are valid from 2013 through 2017 and its mechanism is the grant of tax exemptions and credits to the manufacturers and importers of vehicles, which in exchange have to commit themselves to perform certain manufacturing actitivies in the country, to reach minimum thresholds of spending in research, development, engineering and technology, to adhere to a vehicle labeling program and to achieve improvements on the patterns of consumption and emissions of the vehicles. The methodology of this study is the exploratory work of legal practices, using mainly primary sources. The examination of the INOVA-AUTO rules leads to the identification of the activities necessary for the fulfillment of the program requirements and the main risks and obstacles for the participating companies. From this analysis, the research treats two matters in further detail: first, the complexity to operate the system developed to estimate the national content in the components and raw materials, from where the credits are generated. Second, the design of the energy efficiency targets, the challenges to meet them and the risks of a possible failure. The work evaluates the options available to the automotive companies and concludes for the unfeasibility of not adhering to INOVAR-AUTO. There is also a balance of benefits and burdens to the automotive companies, as well as a description of the drivers of a new policy proposed for the sector, named Route 2030 (‘Rota 2030’), which will replace INOVAR-AUTO from 2018 on. The text assess the factors that may influence the new rules, as the results of the dispute resolution panel at the WTO and the new technological trends for vehicles. This research seeks to anticipate possible impacts of Route 2030 to the automotive companies.
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Bunnell, Timothy Gwyn. "On Route 2020 : Malaysia, modernity and the multimedia super corridor." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297541.
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Wallace, II James Howard. "A Comparison of 2009--2010 Curriculum Test Scores of Students Taught by Alternate Route and Traditional Route Teachers." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/931.
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There is an increase in the popularity of alternative certification programs; however, some administrators are still reluctant to hire these graduates to teach within their schools. With the shortage of certified teachers in Mississippi, some school districts have no choice but to hire alternatively certified teachers. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if students taught by teachers trained in alternative teaching programs had significantly different changes in language arts scores on the Mississippi Curriculum Test 2 nd edition, as compared to fellow students who were taught by teachers trained in traditional teaching programs. Scores from the 2008--2009 Mississippi Curriculum Test 2nd edition were used for base line data. Scores from the 2009--2010 Mississippi Curriculum Test 2 nd edition were used to determine what degree of growth had taken place. The results were analyzed by using the educational software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to conduct independent t tests. Data are presented using descriptive statistics. Results of the t tests confirmed that students taught by both types of teachers had some degree of success. Seventh grade students who were taught by traditional route teachers showed the greatest amount of growth difference. With the continuing debate over teaching certification programs, studies such as this can help create social change by providing statistical evidence of the effectiveness shown by teachers certified through both programs. School officials can use these results to help in making hiring decisions of potential teacher candidates. The end result is to provide students with the best possible teacher regardless of certification type.
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Li, Zhonghao, and Andreas Taubert. "Cellulose/gold nanocrystal hybrids via an ionic liquid/aqueous precipitation route." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4504/.
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Injection of a mixture of HAuCl4 and cellulose dissolved in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bmim]Cl into aqueous NaBH4 leads to colloidal gold nanoparticle/cellulose hybrid precipitates. This process is a model example for a very simple and generic approach towards (noble) metal/cellulose hybrids, which could find applications in sensing, sterile filtration, or as biomaterials.
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Boishardy, Vincent. "Utilisation de revêtements économiques pour les routes locales et les routes d'accès aux ressources." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38113.
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Les revêtements économiques représentent des solutions avantageuses, principalement au niveau fonctionnel, pour les routes locales et les routes d’accès aux ressources. Cependant, il existe peu d’outils pour quantifier leurs effets afin d’appuyer les décisions techniques des gestionnaires. L'objectif du projet est de déterminer qualitativement et quantitativement l'avantage socio-économique de la pose d'un revêtement économique sur une chaussée non revêtue. Les chaussées en question sont les routes à faibles volumes, qui représentent plus des trois quarts du réseau routier canadien. Trois types de revêtements économiques sont étudiés : traitement de surface, enrobé coulé à chaux et microrevêtement. L’augmentation de la rigidité octroyée par l’imperméabilisation de la fondation ainsi que la cohésion de surface est déterminée à la suite de cette étude. La rigidité des fondations est mesurée grâce à des essais in situ réalisés avec le pénétromètre dynamique sous différentes conditions hydriques. Ainsi un allongement relatif de durée de vie est quantifié grâce à une modélisation des déformations par éléments finis avec le logiciel Géostudio couplée avec une méthode de prédiction analyste empirique d’endommagement. Une analyse de ces résultats permet de conclure que la mise en place d’un enrobé économique à base d’émulsion bitumineuse, de 20 millimètres d’épaisseur, permet la diminution de la teneur en eau dans la fondation d’au moins 30% et permet l’augmentation de la durée de vie de la chaussée de 58 % à 75 % selon le type de charge. Une comparaison des coûts de cycle de vie est alors réalisée entre une chaussée revêtue de traitement de surface(couche de granulats enrobéesd’émulsion bitumineuse) et une chaussée non revêtue en utilisant des scénarios d’entretien réalistes et cohérents avec le contexte québécois. En prenant en compte les coûts de construction, d’entretien et d’utilisation de ces chaussées : il est démontré que la mise en œuvre d’un revêtementse traduit par un gain financier. Ce gain dépend de beaucoup de paramètres qui sont détaillés. Dans ce contexted’une vaste province comme le Québec où les ressources sont éloignées, la course au développement impose des techniques efficaces et économiquement viablespour augmenter la mobilité des ressources humaines et matérielles. Cette étude montre que certains revêtements minces permettent d’assurer une rigidité structurelle aux chaussées, allongeant ainsi leur durée de vie tout en diminuant les coûts qui leur sont associés.Economic pavements represent advantageous solutions, especially at the functional level, for local roads and access roads to resources. However, there are few tools to quantify their effects in order to support the technical decisions of managers.The project’s objective is to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the socio-economic advantages of laying an economic pavement on an unpaved roadway. Roads in question are low-volume roads, which represent more than three quarters of Canada’s road network. Three types of economic coatings are studied: chip seal, hot mix asphalt and microsurfacing. The increase of the rigidity granted by the waterproofing of the foundation as well as the surface cohesion is determined as a result of this study. The rigidity of the foundations is measured by in situ tests carried out with the dynamic cone penetrometer under different water conditions. Thus, a relative elongation of a lifetime is quantified by finite element deformation modelling with GeoStudio software coupled with an empirical prediction analyst of damage method. An analysis of these results makes it possible to conclude that the implementation of a bitumen emulsion based economic coating, 20 millimetres thick, allows the reduction of the water content in the foundation by at least 30% and increases the service life of the road from 58% to 75% depending on the type of load. A comparison of life-cycle costs is thus made between a pavement with a chip seal (layer of aggregates coated with bituminous emulsion) and an unpaved surface using realistic maintenance scenarios that are consistent with the Quebec context. Considering the construction’s costs, maintenance and use of these pavements: it is demonstrated that the implementation of a coating results in a financial gain. This gain depends on many parameters that are detailed. In this context of a large Quebec province where resources are far away, the race for development imposes effective and economically viable techniques to increase the mobility of human and material resources. This study shows that certainthin coatings make it possible to ensure structural stiffness of pavements, thus prolonging their service life while reducing the associated costs.
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Croyet, Jérôme Chassagne Serge. "Sous le bonnet rouge." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/croyet_j_notice.
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Remtulla, N. "Feasibility of microfluidic routes to monitor protein stability as a tool for bioprocessing." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/20306/.
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During the bioprocessing of therapeutics, proteins may become damaged leading to modifications and changes in stability. This may, as a consequence, cause serious and potentially fatal side effects when administered to patients making damage assessment crucial. High throughput determination of protein stability has become an important factor in many different areas such as protein engineering, formulation and manufacturing. Microfluidics, defined as micro-scale fluid flow systems, can be used to create high throughput methods to monitor these effects, while reducing reagent consumption without compromising sensitivity. Protein denaturation can be measured in many ways however, fluorescence spectroscopy is thought to be the most adaptable to use with microfluidics. In this thesis the feasibility of using microfluidics to detect protein denaturation using this fluorescence method of analysis adapted from a microplate format assay is examined. Protein unfolding transitions were monitored by detecting tryptophan fluorescence at 340nm upon excitation at 266nm. A laser-excited detection system was optimised to detect minimum concentrations of protein, in both the native and denatured states. The range and limitations of this system were assessed and compared to that of the established microplate reader method. The minimum protein concentration detectable in microfluidics was higher than that of the microplate reader, with a reduction in volume leading to a reduction in reagent consumption (105 molecules) while increasing throughput by 50%. Three representative proteins were assessed in an array of process relevant conditions. The 3D protein response surfaces obtained were characterized by global fitting to provide parameters for assessment of protein stability and assist in the determination of processing conditions.
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Hunter, Nicole Marie. "High-Valent Perfluoronickelacycles: Intermediates for “Green” Routes to Fluorocarbons and Their Derivatives." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20030.
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Fluorocarbons (FCs) and their derivatives (FCDs) are heavily relied on due to their wide range of uses (e.g. solvents, surfactants, refrigerants, and pharmaceuticals). Currently, FCs and FCDs are produced on an industrial scale via energy-intensive processes, using hazardous materials. Hence, new catalytic chemical technologies are required to provide cleaner and greener synthetic routes to partially fluorinated materials. The exploration of fundamental organofluorometallic chemistry of base metals, such as nickel, has potential to advance the development of novel catalytic processes towards this end. It has been established previously that zero-valent nickel complexes have the ability to efficiently catalyze the hydrodimerization of polyfluoroalkenes. The reactivity of the intermediate polyfluoronickelacycles was found to be influenced by modifications in the ligand sphere. Furthermore, an increase in oxidation state of the central metal atom was proposed as an additional strategy to increase the reactivity of the M-RF bond. In this thesis, through variation of the ligand environment and oxidation state of nickel, we have further developed the chemistry of high-valent polyfluoronickelacycles. Synthesis and characterization (NMR, EPR, UV/Vis, IR spectroscopy and electrochemistry) of new trivalent polyfluoronickelacycles are described as well as attempts to generate the corresponding tetravalent cations. Attempts to induce nucleophilic insertion of acetonitrile into the Ni-RF bond were also investigated herein. Challenges were encountered with the isolation of the tetravalent cations due to decomposition to the corresponding divalent nickelacycle.
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Bresse, Marie-Pier. "L'expérience de la relocalisation résidentielle involontaire : le cas du réaménagement de la route 175 à Stoneham." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27020/27020.pdf.
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Bosworth, Andrew. "The march of cities : the evolution of a world-city system from 3000 BC - 2000 AD /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10762.
Full textBooks on the topic "Route 2030"
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GOVERNMENT, US. Route 66 Corridor historic preservation. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.
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1949-, Dupré Louise, ed. Rouge assoiffée: Poèmes choisis, 1983-2010. Montréal: Typo, 2011.
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(Firm), CECOM. Madagascar: Nouveau Code de la route CECOM : 2009-2010-2011. 3rd ed. Antananarivo]: CECOM, 2011.
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1948-, Tan Yuanheng, and Dai Shengde, eds. Kai hai: Zhanjiang yu hai shang si chou zhi lu 2000 nian = Kaihai. Guangzhou Shi: Guangdong lü you chu ban she, 2001.
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Washington (State). Legislature. Legislative Transportation Committee. Route 2000, Washington road jurisdiction study, phase II.: Analysis of roadway needs and funding. [Olympia?]: State of Washington, Legislative Transportation Committee, 1988.
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Washington (State). Legislature. Legislative Transportation Committee. Route 2000, Washington road jurisdiction study, phase II.: Analysis of roadway needs and funding. [Olympia? Wash.]: State of Washington, Legislative Transportation Committee, 1988.
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Körner, Klaus. Die rote Gefahr: Antikommunistische Propaganda in der Bundesrepublik 1950-2000. Hamburg: Konkret Literatur, 2003.
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Parge, Agnès Du. Parmi les rebelles: Carnets de route en Côte d'Ivoire, 19 septembre 2002-19 septembre 2003. Paris: Harmattan, 2003.
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Parge, Agnès Du. Parmi les rebelles: Carnets de route en Côte d'Ivoire, 19 septembre 2002-19 septembre 2003. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Route 2030"
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Leypoldt, Patrick. "The capacity potential of the Northern Sea Route by 2050." In The Northern Sea Route, 89–105. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04081-9_6.
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Singhal, Sonal, A. N. Garg, and Kailash Chandra. "Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 by Aerosol Route and Its Characterization." In ICAME 2003, 97–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2852-6_16.
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McGinty, Lorraine, and Barry Smyth. "TURAS: A Personalised Route Planning System." In PRICAI 2000 Topics in Artificial Intelligence, 791. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44533-1_80.
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Jiang, Qixiang, Koonyang Lee, and Alexander Bismarck. "Foam Templating: A Greener Route to Porous Polymers." In Sustainability & Green Polymer Chemistry Volume 1: Green Products and Processes, 99–118. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1372.ch006.
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MacDonald, Matthew. "Routed Events." In Pro WPF in C# 2010: Windows Presentation Foundation in .NET 4.0, 119–57. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-7204-5_5.
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Wei, W., T. Wei, and Y. Sun. "A Novel Route for Carbon Dioxide Cycloaddition to Propylene Carbonate." In ACS Symposium Series, 130–37. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0852.ch008.
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Kumar, Kirshna, Pankaj Kumar Kashyap, and Sushil Kumar. "Aeronautical Assisted IoT Implementation: Route Lifetime and Load Capacity Perspective." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 162–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2035-4_15.
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Geisberger, Robert, Moritz Kobitzsch, and Peter Sanders. "Route Planning with Flexible Objective Functions." In 2010 Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX), 124–37. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611972900.12.
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Doan, Thi Phuong Thao, Lixin Shen, Xiaowen Shi, Zaili Yang, Chuang Li, and Ke Jing. "Evaluating Transportation Routes Between China and Vietnam Based on Delphi–CFPR." In LISS 2020, 477–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4359-7_34.
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Koga, Hisashi. "Jitter Regulation in an Internet Router with Delay Consideration." In Algorithms - ESA 2000, 302–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45253-2_28.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Route 2030"
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Ušpalytė-Vitkūnienė, Rasa, and Justina Kolodinskaja. "PUBLIC TRANSPORT ROUTE NETWORK OPTIMIZATION CRITERIA’S FOR CITIES." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.635.
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The city’s approach to transport management is defined by the City Master Plan and City Strategic Plan and Vilnius Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (Vilnius Sustainable Mobility Plan − SUMP, 2018), which have identified scenarios for the transportation system till 2030. A SUMP fosters a balanced development of all relevant transport modes, while encouraging a shift towards more sustainable modes. Its key objective is to design a modern, efficient, fast, comfortable and safe public transport system, comparable to those of EU capital cities. Vilnius aims to maintain an environmentally friendly public transport fleet that represents the biggest share in the city’s modal split. Still there is a problem with matching the public transport network with the fast changing urban situation. Citizen’s are moving from one part of the city to the other, that shows that is necessary to have tool helping to decide how and when to change public transport route. The aim of this research was to create the clear methodology for the public transport route network maintenance based on the main public transport route criteria’s.
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Locatelli, Giorgio. "Fusion: Go Small to Go Fast." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66353.
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This paper presents the business case for small fusion reactors. The conventional view in fusion research is that “economy of scale” means that small reactors are not economically viable compared to their larger counterparts. However, empirical evidence shows how the importance of the “economy of scale” is overrated. Firstly several studies show that large investment projects are usually delivered over budget and late. Large projects (or megaprojects) are more likely to go over budget and larger the project greater the overall risk. On the contrary, small plants are more manageable investments. Firstly, for the same power installed, there is more chance to exploit the advantages from learning and co-siting economies. Since the overall investment is a fraction of a large plant, the overall “bankability” is better and the financing easier. Secondly, small plants are more easily usable for cogeneration and load following. This is becoming a fundamental design criteria for power plants to be delivered after 2030. Lastly, the division of a large investment into smaller investments provides investors with “degrees of freedom” to hedge some of the risks and exploit valuable opportunities. The “Real Options approach” is a mathematical framework able to price these options. In summary, small fusion reactors can represent a more credible and faster route to deployment than large fusion reactors.
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Erceg, Sandro, Sören Ehlers, Ingrid H. Ellingsen, Dag Slagstad, Rüdiger von Bock und Polach, and Stein Ove Erikstad. "Ship Performance Assessment for Arctic Transport Routes." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10733.
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The melting ice cap in the Arctic Sea creates greater operational opportunities not only for shipping routes in areas inaccessible in the past due to ice coverage, but also for the existing commercial shipping routes. Therefore, the economic feasibility of higher polar classes (PC5 and PC4) will be discussed for transit operations on the route from Rotterdam to Yamal LNG terminal. Initially, the ice thickness and coverage along the route until 2050 will be identified following recent forecasting trends. This will lead to the permitted round trips per year for the ice class in question. Consequently, a decision towards the choice of ice class must be made. This choice will be accomplished with the help of the ship merit factor (SMF), which considers the potential earnings arising from the increase in operational days for a higher ice class while accounting for the increased expenditure in the ice free season and areas of operation. As a result, a comparative study will be presented for the LNG sea transport operation on the route from Rotterdam to Yamal, which thereby visualizes a decision-support procedure for an arctic transit operation.
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Ozmaian, Javad, and Amir H. Farzaneh. "Relation B/W Stress, Nozzle Load and Total Length in a Process Piping Line." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25213.
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Nowadays, time saving in piping stress analysis is a major concern among consultant engineering companies in power and process plants. In this paper, we are going to have a quantity review between some important parameters such as sustained, occasional and expanding stresses with total length and nozzle load of a real case according to ASME B31.3. Most of the times, piping stress designers try different and more flexible piping routes completely arbitrary. Longer piping route means greater mass, and it means a big trouble in earthquake time especially for allowable nozzle loading, on the other hand shorter piping route increases thermal nozzle loading and operating stresses. We will try to find a relationship among mentioned parameters to have an optimal piping route in order to save time and material. Finally, different routes will be analyzed using Caesar II to plot related parameters and find optimum criterion.
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Viturka, Milan, and Vilém Pařil. "Regionální a environmentální souvislosti plánované výstavby vysokorychlostních tratí v České republice." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-61.
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The paper presents the results of evaluation of the effectiveness of construction of four planned high-speed rail/HSR routes in the Czech Republic based on their potential impacts on development and environment of the relevant NUTS 3 regions (kraje) expressed by criteria of stimulation and sustainability. The methodology developed for the evaluation of the first criterion includes the most important segments of road and rail infrastructure assessed on the basis of relevant technical and operational parameters (the significance of road and rail transport was set at 5.5: 1). As regards the second criterion, the used methodology takes into account the potential impacts of construction on protected areas of European importance Natura 2000. According to the research results, the most significant stimulation effects can be expected for the RS 3 route Praha – Plzeň (München) and the longest RS 1 route Praha – Brno – Ostrava (Katowice). In the case of the sustainability criterion, the RS 3 route was again evaluated as the best and on the contrary, the RS 1 route was evaluated as the worst, i.e. the most environmentally conflicting. The obtained results represent an important basis for setting construction priorities.
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Kauczynski, Wojciech E. "Study of the Reliability of the Ship Transportation by Applying the Historical Hindcast Weather Data." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83564.
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Regularity of ship transportation depends strongly on environmental conditions, on the ship’s route and on the seakeeping characteristics of a vessel. The ship’s route property selected and the ship characteristics designed appropriately to a region of the ship operation can assure a higher regularity of the transportation. In the presented paper an exemplifying analysis of the ship transportation on a selected typical ship’s route has been performed. The principal purpose of such an analysis was to determine the magnitude and distribution of speed losses in a realistic operational environment to serve as a basis for estimation of reliability of the sea transportation. The aim of the analysis precludes the use of long term statistics as this would not give a correct representation of the extreme value tail of the probability distribution of sailing time. Instead of this, the ship performances on the considered sea routes were simulated in roundabout trips by applying time series of historical (hindcast) weather data (waves, swell, wind, and ocean current). The applied data cover three complete years starting from February 2003 and they are specified with the 6 hour time interval at about 3000 grid points covering almost the whole world ocean area. Two vessels which represent typical classes of ships (a tanker and a container ship) were used in this analysis. The ships voyages were simulated with different departure time and with the time interval of 6 hours providing high sailing frequency and the considerable large amount of results. Results of the calculations were analyzed with respect to the seasonal variations, alternative routes, and different power settings. The purpose of these numerical exercises was to illustrate how to perform the analysis and to present a scope of the obtained results.
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Dolphin, B. H., W. D. Richins, and S. R. Novascone. "Automating Risk Assessments of Hazardous Material Shipments for Transportation Routes and Mode Selection." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38880.
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The METEOR (Model to Evaluate Transportation Effects of Risk) project at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) successfully addresses the difficult problem in risk assessment analyses of combining the results from bounding deterministic simulation results with probabilistic (Monte Carlo) risk assessment techniques. This paper describes a software suite designed to perform sensitivity and cost/benefit analyses on selected transportation routes and vehicles to minimize risk associated with the shipment of hazardous materials. METEOR uses Monte Carlo techniques to estimate the probability of an accidental release of a hazardous substance along a proposed transportation route. A METEOR user selects the mode of transportation, origin and destination points, and charts the route using interactive graphics. Inputs to METEOR (many selections built in) include crash rates for the specific aircraft, soil/rock type and population densities over the proposed route, and bounding limits for potential accident types (velocity, temperature, etc.). New vehicle, materials, and location data are added when available. If the risk estimates are unacceptable, the risks associated with alternate transportation modes or routes can be quickly evaluated and compared. Systematic optimizing methods will provide the user with the route and vehicle selection identified with the lowest risk of hazardous material release. The effects of a selected range of potential accidents such as vehicle impact, fire, fuel explosions, excessive containment pressure, flooding, etc. are evaluated primarily using hydrocodes capable of accurately simulating the material response of critical containment components. Bounding conditions that represent credible accidents (i.e., for an impact event, velocity, orientations, and soil conditions) are used as input parameters to the hydrocode models yielding correlation functions relating accident parameters to component damage. The Monte Carlo algorithms use random number generators to make selections at the various decision points such as crash, location, etc. For each pass through the routines, when a crash is randomly selected, crash parameters are then used to determine if failure has occurred using either external look up tables, correlations functions from deterministic calculations, or built in data libraries. The effectiveness of the software was recently demonstrated in safety analyses of the transportation of radioisotope systems for the US Dept. of Energy. These methods are readily adaptable to estimating risks associated with a variety of hazardous shipments such as spent nuclear fuel, explosives, and chemicals.
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Bolczak, Richard, Joe Celio, Ray Newman, Karen Viets, and Dave Winokur. "En Route ATC Sector Position Operations in 2020." In AIAA 4th Aviation Technology, Integration and Operations (ATIO) Forum. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-6509.
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Lin, Fandel, Jie-Yu Fang, and Hsun-Ping Hsieh. "Customizing Your Own Route with QQIP. A Quantitative and Qualitative Itinerary Planner for New Transportation Routes." In WWW '20: The Web Conference 2020. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3366424.3383548.
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Zolotareva, Y. V., and U. I. Zolotareva. "THE IDEA OF DEVELOPING OF CARAVANNING IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS: MYTH, REALITY, PERSPECTIVE." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.584-587.
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Numerous articles of academic researches and scientific investigations uphold the sustainable development of tourism industry both in the whole country and in the Northern Caucasus. The tourism development strategy 2035, elaborated by expert team and endorsed by government of the Russian Federation on September 20, 2019, prognosticates the augmentation of tourist flow. Various types of tourism had been successfully promoting in the North Caucasus for many years and respectively, as a result, there are all prerequisites for the development of caravanning. The regional Association in the North Caucasus faces a considerable challenge of certification of routes. It must have three important positions: the issue of security, the issue of roadside infrastructure and junction points, furthermore, it should be a traditional route that is accessible and affordable to all categories of citizens, regardless of their social status and income.
Reports on the topic "Route 2030"
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Foley, R. D., J. W. Crutcher, R. F. Carrier, and L. M. Floyd. Results of the radiological survey at 200 State Route 17 (MJ035), Maywood, New Jersey. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6352586.
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Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.
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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.
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de Rooij, Bertram, Marian Stuiver, and Xiaolu Hu. Scoping mission Uganda : 6-13 March 2020 : Circular refugee settlements, feeding cities and migration & changing routes. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/536749.
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Ploskey, Gene R., Mark A. Weiland, and Thomas J. Carlson. Route-Specific Passage Proportions and Survival Rates for Fish Passing through John Day Dam, The Dalles Dam, and Bonneville Dam in 2010 and 2011. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1046332.
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Leweke, T., P. W. Bearman, and C. H. Williamson. IUTAM Symposium on Bluff Body Wakes and Vortex-Induced Vibrations (BBVIV-2) Held in Carry-Le-Rouet, France on June 13-16, 2000. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada390655.
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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Colorado National Monument: 2019 field season. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286650.
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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. This report represents work completed at Colorado National Monument during 2019. During monitoring conducted June 12–19, a total of 20 IEP species were detected on monitoring routes and transects. Of these, 12 were priority species that accounted for 791 separate IEP patches. IEPs were most prevalent along riparian areas. Yellow sweetclover (Melilotis officinale) and yellow salsify (Tragopogon dubius) were the most commonly detected priority IEPs along monitoring routes, representing 73% of all priority patches. Patches of less than 40 m2 were typical of nearly all priority IEP species except yellow sweetclover. A patch management index (PMI) was created by combining patch size class and percent cover for each patch. In 2019, a large majority of priority IEP patches were assigned a PMI score of low (46%) or very low (50%), indicating small and/or sparse patches where control is generally still feasible. This is similar to the numbers for 2017, when 99% of patches scored low or very low in PMI. Seventy-eight percent of tree patches were classified as seedlings or saplings, which require less effort to control than mature trees. Cheatgrass (Anisantha tectorum) was the most common IEP recorded in transects, found in 30–77% of transects across the different routes. It was the only species found in transects on all monitoring routes. When treated and untreated extra areas near the West Entrance were compared, the treated area had comparable or higher lev-els of IEPs than the untreated area. When segments of monitoring routes conducted between 2003 and 2019 were compared, results were mixed, due to the different species monitored in different time periods. But in general, the number of IEPs per 100 meters is increasing or remaining constant over time. There were notable increases in IEP patches per 100 meters on several routes in 2019: field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) along East Glade Park Road; Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) in Red Canyon; yellow salsify along East Glade Park Road, No Thoroughfare Canyon, No Thoroughfare Trail, and Red Canyon; and yellow sweetclover in No Thoroughfare Canyon and Red Canyon. Network staff will return to re-sample monitoring routes in 2021.
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Fehey, Kristina, and Dustin Perkins. Invasive exotic plant monitoring in Capitol Reef National Park: 2019 field season, Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286627.
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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. From May 30 to June 1, 2019, network staff conducted surveys for priority IEP species along the Scenic Drive and Cathedral Valley Road monitoring routes at Capitol Reef National Park. We detected 119 patches of six priority IEP species along 34 kilometers of the two monitor-ing routes. There were more patches of IEPs, and a higher percentage of large patches, than in previous years. This indicates that previously identified infestations have expanded and grown. The most common (47.1%) patch size among priority species was 1,000–2,000 m2 (0.25–0.5 acre). The vast majority (93.2%) of priority patches ranked either low (58.8%) or very low (34.4%) on the patch management index scale. Tamarisk (Tamarix sp., 72 patches) was the most prevalent priority IEP species. African mustard (Malcolmia africana, 32 patch-es), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis, 9 patches), and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angusti-folia, 3 patches) occurred less commonly. Together, these four species represented 97.5% of all patches recorded in 2019. Four IEP species were found on the monitored routes for the first time: Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), quackgrass (Elymus repens), Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), and African mustard (Malcolmia africana, not on the priority species list before 2019). Cathedral Valley Road had higher IEP priority patches per kilometer (5.68) than the Scenic Drive (2.05). IEP species were found on 37.9% (25 of 66) of monitored transects. Almost all these detections were Russian thistle (Salsola sp.). Russian thistle was widespread, present in 33.3% of transects, with an estimated cover of 0.2% across all transects sampled. Across routes monitored in all three rotations (2012, 2015, and 2019), Russian thistle has increased in frequency. However, its frequency remained about the same from 2015 to 2019, and percent cover remains low. Tamarisk and field bindweed have both increased in preva-lence since monitoring began, with tamarisk showing a dramatic increase in the number and size of patches. Immediate control of tamarisk and these other species is recommended to reduce their numbers on these routes. The NCPN plans to Capitol Reef in 2020 to monitor Oak and Pleasant creeks, completing the third rotation of invasive plant monitoring.
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Rogers, Amanda. Creative Expression and Contemporary Arts Making Among Young Cambodians. Swansea University, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/sureport.56822.
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This project analysed the creative practices and concerns of young adult artists (18-35 years old) in contemporary Cambodia. It examined the extent to which the arts are being used to open up new ways of enacting Cambodian identity that encompass, but also move beyond, a preoccupation with the Khmer Rouge (1975-1979). Existing research has focused on how the recuperation and revival of traditional performance is linked to the post-genocidal reconstruction of the nation. In contrast, this research examines if, and how, young artists are moving beyond the revival process to create works that speak to a young Cambodian population.The research used NGO Cambodian Living Arts’ 2020 Cultural Season of performances, workshops, and talks as a case study through which to examine key concerns of young Cambodian artists, trace how these affected their creative process, and analyse how the resulting works were received among audiences. It was funded through the AHRC GCRF Network Plus Grant ‘Changing the Story’ which uses arts and humanities approaches to ‘build inclusive societies with, and for, young people in post-conflict settings.
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Dy, Sydney M., Arjun Gupta, Julie M. Waldfogel, Ritu Sharma, Allen Zhang, Josephine L. Feliciano, Ramy Sedhom, et al. Interventions for Breathlessness in Patients With Advanced Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer232.
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Objectives. To assess benefits and harms of nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions for breathlessness in adults with advanced cancer. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL®, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through early May 2020. Review methods. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with a comparison group evaluating benefits and/or harms, and cohort studies reporting harms. Two reviewers independently screened search results, serially abstracted data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) for key outcomes: breathlessness, anxiety, health-related quality of life, and exercise capacity. We performed meta-analyses when possible and calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs). Results. We included 48 RCTs and 2 retrospective cohort studies (4,029 patients). The most commonly reported cancer types were lung cancer and mesothelioma. The baseline level of breathlessness varied in severity. Several nonpharmacological interventions were effective for breathlessness, including fans (SMD -2.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) -3.81 to -0.37]) (SOE: moderate), bilevel ventilation (estimated slope difference -0.58 [95% CI -0.92 to -0.23]), acupressure/reflexology, and multicomponent nonpharmacological interventions (behavioral/psychoeducational combined with activity/rehabilitation and integrative medicine). For pharmacological interventions, opioids were not more effective than placebo (SOE: moderate) for improving breathlessness (SMD -0.14 [95% CI -0.47 to 0.18]) or exercise capacity (SOE: moderate); most studies were of exertional breathlessness. Different doses or routes of administration of opioids did not differ in effectiveness for breathlessness (SOE: low). Anxiolytics were not more effective than placebo for breathlessness (SOE: low). Evidence for other pharmacological interventions was limited. Opioids, bilevel ventilation, and activity/rehabilitation interventions had some harms compared to usual care. Conclusions. Some nonpharmacological interventions, including fans, acupressure/reflexology, multicomponent interventions, and bilevel ventilation, were effective for breathlessness in advanced cancer. Evidence did not support opioids or other pharmacological interventions within the limits of the identified studies. More research is needed on when the benefits of opioids may exceed harms for broader, longer term outcomes related to breathlessness in this population.
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McDonagh, Marian, Andrea C. Skelly, Amy Hermesch, Ellen Tilden, Erika D. Brodt, Tracy Dana, Shaun Ramirez, et al. Cervical Ripening in the Outpatient Setting. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer238.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. To assess the comparative effectiveness and potential harms of cervical ripening in the outpatient setting (vs. inpatient, vs. other outpatient intervention) and of fetal surveillance when a prostaglandin is used for cervical ripening. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) to July 2020; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies of cervical ripening comparing prostaglandins and mechanical methods in outpatient versus inpatient settings; one outpatient method versus another (including placebo or expectant management); and different methods/protocols for fetal surveillance in cervical ripening using prostaglandins. When data from similar study designs, populations, and outcomes were available, random effects using profile likelihood meta-analyses were conducted. Inconsistency (using I2) and small sample size bias (publication bias, if ≥10 studies) were assessed. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed. All review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center methods guidance. Results. We included 30 RCTs and 10 cohort studies (73% fair quality) involving 9,618 women. The evidence is most applicable to women aged 25 to 30 years with singleton, vertex presentation and low-risk pregnancies. No studies on fetal surveillance were found. The frequency of cesarean delivery (2 RCTs, 4 cohort studies) or suspected neonatal sepsis (2 RCTs) was not significantly different using outpatient versus inpatient dinoprostone for cervical ripening (SOE: low). In comparisons of outpatient versus inpatient single-balloon catheters (3 RCTs, 2 cohort studies), differences between groups on cesarean delivery, birth trauma (e.g., cephalohematoma), and uterine infection were small and not statistically significant (SOE: low), and while shoulder dystocia occurred less frequently in the outpatient group (1 RCT; 3% vs. 11%), the difference was not statistically significant (SOE: low). In comparing outpatient catheters and inpatient dinoprostone (1 double-balloon and 1 single-balloon RCT), the difference between groups for both cesarean delivery and postpartum hemorrhage was small and not statistically significant (SOE: low). Evidence on other outcomes in these comparisons and for misoprostol, double-balloon catheters, and hygroscopic dilators was insufficient to draw conclusions. In head to head comparisons in the outpatient setting, the frequency of cesarean delivery was not significantly different between 2.5 mg and 5 mg dinoprostone gel, or latex and silicone single-balloon catheters (1 RCT each, SOE: low). Differences between prostaglandins and placebo for cervical ripening were small and not significantly different for cesarean delivery (12 RCTs), shoulder dystocia (3 RCTs), or uterine infection (7 RCTs) (SOE: low). These findings did not change according to the specific prostaglandin, route of administration, study quality, or gestational age. Small, nonsignificant differences in the frequency of cesarean delivery (6 RCTs) and uterine infection (3 RCTs) were also found between dinoprostone and either membrane sweeping or expectant management (SOE: low). These findings did not change according to the specific prostaglandin or study quality. Evidence on other comparisons (e.g., single-balloon catheter vs. dinoprostone) or other outcomes was insufficient. For all comparisons, there was insufficient evidence on other important outcomes such as perinatal mortality and time from admission to vaginal birth. Limitations of the evidence include the quantity, quality, and sample sizes of trials for specific interventions, particularly rare harm outcomes. Conclusions. In women with low-risk pregnancies, the risk of cesarean delivery and fetal, neonatal, or maternal harms using either dinoprostone or single-balloon catheters was not significantly different for cervical ripening in the outpatient versus inpatient setting, and similar when compared with placebo, expectant management, or membrane sweeping in the outpatient setting. This evidence is low strength, and future studies are needed to confirm these findings.