Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Routes – Conception et construction – Maroc'
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Anjar, Lahsen. "Organisation spatiale et vie rurale sur le Piémont du Haut Atlas Occidental : cas des vallées d'Imintanoute, Province de Chichaoua (Maroc)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0289.
Full textImintanoute valleys constitute an example of mountain valleys in Western Atlas undergoing severe crisis. Long considered a "place of refuge" by its inhabitants, the Imintanoute area - with its three aspects: mountain, piedmont and plain - now appears as a major "expulsion zone".Even though agriculture has diversified to some extent - based in the irrigated zones (bled targa) at the bottom of valleys and on the rainfed barley crops of the bled bour* (rainfed agricultural area), together with breeding and diversified fruit tree crops (almond and olive trees) as a source of complementary income for farmers - obvious signs of crisis appear today. Subsistence agriculture suffers from persistent draughts, lack of irrigation, a very low average yield rate per hectare, the gradual degradation of fruit tree crops and the decline of breeding. The traditional community and the area of Imintanoute have undergone profound changes. Most of the old irrigation systems (naoura and sania) have been abandoned or replaced by power pumps. That modern technology has transformed the landscape of the bled targa and possibly even of the bled bour*. All villages without exception are affected by emigration. Many young people are driven out from their douars by poverty. Today, new social, economic, cultural and political structures have changed the behaviours and the ways of life of the populations. In view of those changes, hope rests on the new motorway from Marrakech to Agadir and on still other projects to redynamize the economy and thus improve the quality of life of the Aït Imintanoute
Hoang, Tung. "Tronçons autoroutiers : une méthodologie de modélisation environnementale et économique pour différents scénarios." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2115.
Full textNakhla, Mohamed. "Déterminismes cachés et mécanismes de choix dans le système politico-administratif local : cas de la programmation des routes départementales." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0170.
Full textDaǧǧānī, Aḥmad Ṣidqī al. "L'aménagement des ports du Maroc : leur rôle dans les relations commerciales du Maroc et de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10157.
Full textThe study of commercial relations between ports of morocco and the region of nordpas-de-calais, shows that the products that morocco exchanges with the region of nord-pas-de-calais goes through two ports : the one is morocan which is casa, the other is northern : "dunkerque" which represents 95% of the traffic of nordpas-de-calais with morocco and that port exports to morocco precious products and importants unworky products such as minerals and erlay vegetables. . . This port is in strong concureence with the french and other european ports. This is best manifested in that 22,3% of traffic between morocco and the ports of nord-pas-de-calais goes through foreing ports. The study of types of conditioning between the two destinations has shown that roll on traffic represents 50% of the entire traffic and that this type of traffic never ceases to develop between the two destinations because the rollon has advantage over the container in different reasons : the trailer does not follow much manipulation; its chearence does not require much time. Moreover, the roll-on does not demand much infrastructure. In the study of relations between the two destinations, we notice that the moroccan products which leave morocco to the region of nord-pas-de-calais meet a difficult period mainly after the joining of spain and portugal in the c. E. E.
Dehaynin, Christian. "Les routes d'Algérie : 1830-1865." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080905.
Full textIn 1830, the knowledge of algerian space-physical, social and religious es the object of a conquest within the conquest. From conquest to control, the acquisition of knowledge outlines the hope of dominating algeria by the transformation of its space and time. The road is the first feature of the new arrangement of space and time. The presence side by side of civilians and soldiers (civil departement of engineering and military engineering) involved in the transformation of the territories, dranws a line of separation which runs through the phases of the transformation and organizes them around two poles that are, for the soldiers, strategy and, for the colonists, prosperity. The evolution of colonization shows that the road is the most effective auxiliary in the process of alienation and transformation of the territories. It encreases control and productivity, it furthes the creation of a twofold society. In thes respect, it is part and parcel of the colonist's attempt to dominate himself
Nan, Hammade Vasilica. "Caractérisation et valorisation des déchets et sous-produits industriels dans le domaine du génie civil et en technique routière." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-9.pdf.
Full textLe, Vern Mickaël. "Conception mécaniste-empirique des chaussées non revêtues." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27115.
Full textUnpaved roads generally undergo heavy loads. For this reason, a rigorous design method based on mechanistic-empirical principles and on subgrades mechanical behaviors for unpaved roads is needed. A mechanistic design approach, combined with empirical damage laws, will optimize unpaved road structures and reduce maintenance and construction costs. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to create a mechanistic-empirical method for the design of unpaved roads. First, a calculation model was developed in order to determine the level of stress and strain in the pavement structure This model consists of an elastic multilayer road, using Odemark’s transformation and Boussinesq’s equations. Then, empirical damage curves for unpaved roads were developed. Finally, this work produced design charts. A two-step approach was adopted for the development of the transfer functions. The first step established rutting threshold values according to suitable functional and structural road conditions. Then, an allowable strain criterion that combines the calculated theoretical strains with the observed strains on real roads was developed. Laboratory testing took place on typical roads samples. The tests were carried out using a vehicle load simulator. The instrumentation of the structures was designed to measure the resilient and permanent vertical deformation at the top of the subgrade. The rutting rate was also measured during the tests.
Loughreit, Fouad. "Contribution à la modélisation hydrologique des chaussées a structure réservoir pour leur conception et leur simulation." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0017.
Full textThe major goal of the present thesis is to define models and tools which will help to foresee the hydrological functioning of porous pavement structures. In the meantime, tools for their conception and their behavior modelisation at different space scales will also be given. The study is presented in 4 different parts: - the first part defines the general context of research by presenting, on the first hand, the actual states of storm urban drainage and of the growing use of alternative techniques - of which porous pavement structures -, and on the second hand, the different forms that can adopt these particular structures. From the problems observed through the comprehension of their global functioning, new domains of research will be proposed. -The second part of the thesis is dedicated to the presentation, the criticism and the classification of different models used to define the hydrological functioning of porous pavement structures. The third section of the study fixes the bases for a conceptual model of both regulated and non-regulated porous pavement structures and proposes its calibration with data from two of our own experimental sites. This section ends, with the validation of the conceptual model. Finally, the fourth section shows the results of a comparison between different porous pavements conception and modelisation tools under typical situations
Darmame, Mohammed. "Le littoral entre Jorf Lasfar et Souira Qdima (Maroc atlantique) : milieu naturel et conséquences des aménagements." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100129.
Full textThe first part of this thesis describes the evolution of the coast from Ouljien. Different areas testify for a Neolithic human occupation including a great number of life places on alluvial and colluvial formations dating back to the superior soltanian. The second part proposes a description of the cliffs in the area. The evolution shows local risks for the northern areas of Safi. The harbor development in that city has entailed an ablation in the southern area of the main pier. The frenetic exploitation of the beaches sand has increased the coast limits moving back like in Sidi Bou Denyane. The third part lists the different seaside resources, describes how they are managed and asks questions about that management. Then it shows the various pollution sources along the coast and attempts to analyze the consequences on the environment. The fourth part is an atlas helping to the protection of this environment in case of oil pollution
Olivier, Myriam. "Le matériau terre, compactage, comportement, application aux structures en bloc sur terre." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0004.
Full textEarth means all type of loose soils which can be generally found under humus. It can be used in civil engineering for the building of embankments or for road layers. It is also a building material that has been used for thousands of years and is now being rediscovered. The object of the first part of this study is to evaluate the influence of the composition of the mate rial and of the conditions of its implementation on the geotechnical characteristics of earth, after compaction, for its use in civil engineering and construction. Then, the evolution of the mechanical and rheological characteristics of this mate rial have be en studied during its drying. Some models, developed for non saturated soils and for concrete, have been applied to the experimental results. A part of this study has been performed on lime and cement treated soils. Another part concerns masonry structures made with earth blocks and earth mortars. An element of plane masonry, as well as an arch and a cupola have been tested. Numerical models using an elastic constitutive law and taking cracks into account have given results very close to experiments
Naji, Salima. "Les entrepôts de la baraka : du grenier collectif à la zawya : réseaux du sacré et processus de patrimonialisation dans l'Atlas et Maroc présaharien." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0308.
Full textHow did the agadir (fortified and collective granary) of the Atlas mountains survive "modernity" when everywhere else in the Maghreb, it disappeared? This research which is grounded in a extensive and long term investigation of 300 agadir-s in the High Atlas and the Anti Atlas aims to update the colonial data. The argument is that agadir is a sacred institution in which the identity of the extended community is reaffirmed through a renewed oath of allegiance (and) in the form of a regular gift offering the the important regional saints in the large Pre-Saharan zawiyas (Imi n'Tatelt, Tamegrout, Tazer walt, Timggilsht). The granary as a store is central to this [zawiya-granary] system, described here for the first time, because it allows the circulation of part of the food produced in the region. Thus circulation of gifts appears as total prestations in a system based on baraka. This is shown both in the case of the Ayt Ubial network (SIRWA), and the tribes united around the Imi n'Tatelt zawiya (Eastern Anti Atlas). Yet, rules evolves, polarized distinctively by two institution-thing : religion and heritage, through phenomena of rupture, erasure of memory and rewriting of individual and collective pratices
Lemaire, Charles-Éric. "Estimation des efforts de contact cylindre / matériau d'un compacteur vibrant." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2135.
Full textMayeur, Anaïs. "Les effets de l'activité de conduite et de facteurs contextuels sur la détection des cibles : implications pour l'éclairage routier." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H077.
Full textThis research deals with the discussion of the limitations of road lighting design models to improve road safety. The relationship between driver and road lighting is by means of photometric quantities such a illuminance and luminance, and the visibility level (FZ,), based on the luminance contrast. The VL model use among others, reference data from the psycho-physical sciences, which correspond to a static situation in the laboratory, where the elementary visual stimuli are presented in central vision. The difference between the function of lighting - "a driver detects a target standing on the road" - and data of human behavior used in th model of VL is therefore important. The research's objective was to produce knowledge about the limits lighting design models, that is to say, discuss their ecological validity. The pragmatic objective was to act o road safety through improving road lighting design. To introduce different features of driving and its context in the model of VL, three experiments were designed, one in an on-closed circuit and two others in lab. The results have shown, firstly, the effect of factors from the driving activity and, secondly, the effect environmental factors on target detection in mesopic vision. Thus, the driving activity, which goes beyond the factors taken into account by the model of VL, has an effect on visibility
Pouteau, Bertrand. "Durabilité mécanique du collage blanc sur noir dans les chaussées." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2138.
Full textFor the last ten years, two new composite pavement structures (whitetopping –i. E. Thin concrete slabs over existing rutted asphalt pavement– and Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement, CRCP, over asphalt sub-base) have raised a significant interest. Based on the association of a concrete layer bonded to an asphalt sub-base, they lead to a reduction of the layers thickness and cost. A long-lasting bond is essential. This work deals with the mechanical study of the bond fatigue lifespan. Firstly, the bibliographical analysis focuses on the way this bond is deteriorated in such structures submitted to traffic. Cracks induced by the restrained shrinkage of the concrete layer can initiate and propagate debonding. Secondly, a mechanical fatigue test simulates this way of deterioration in laboratory. Interface blasting leads to a more lasting bond. A mechanical analysis of the test is also proposed. Thirdly, a non destructive survey method of the bond quality, based on the use of mechanical wave propagation, is developed. Eventually, full scale experiments analysis provide two evolution of bond. The RN4 experiment aims to measure the growth of an initial fracture at the interface between the concrete layer and the asphalt sub-base under real traffic conditions. After 2 years of traffic, no propagation of the fracture is noticed. For the second full scale experiment, a pavement structure model, constituted of thin layers and wide opened cracks, the awaited way of deterioration (delamination initiated from the vertical crack) is observed after 1 million cycles applied by the accelerated pavement loading facility FABAC
Bentahar, Omar. "Une approche contingente et dynamique des rôles du chef de projet : le cas de projets de construction de grands barrages au Maroc." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0680.
Full textThe project management literature is dominated by the normative theory which is focused on the methods and management techniques and the key factors of success. Thus, it occults more or less the project management contingency and both the organizational and human resources management problematics (Shenhar, 2001). This theoretical observation coupled with the empirical one related to the failure of the major infrastructure projects are at the origin of this research on the roles of the projects managers in the constructions projects of large dams in Morocco. Our thesis asks the two following questions: how can we explain the roles diversity of the project manager in the large dams construction? How do the project manager’s roles and the characteristics of the project evolve during the course of the project? So we have achieved an empirical study on thirty three projects founded on mixed methods ; qualitative and quantitative. The results underscore the relation between the project manager’s roles and the contingent characteristics of the project (NTCP), and show that the project manager’s roles evolve I, function of the evolution of the contingent characteristics of the project (TCP). This research contributes to the development of a contingent and dynamic theory of the project manager’s roles. Thus, it calls into question the universal foundations of the project management. From the managerial point of view, it can help the project managers to organize their roles into a hierarchy and to adapt them to the contingent characteristics of the project, and the human resources directors in appointing the right project managers to different types of projects
Bouzoubaa, Karim. "La logistique et son rôle dans la productivité industrielle au Maroc : cas de la chaîne logistique de la Société Marocaine de Construction Automobile (SOMACA) Filiale groupe Renault Maroc." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0019.
Full textThe area in question is generally related to industrial logistics in Morocco, more particularly the industrial logistics in the automotive sector and the mode of supply of the production chain. The general problematic is: how to minimize the logistics’ costs and increase the production pace while reducing the delivery time of the finished product. The answer lies on the mode of supply as well as on the production chain feeding. In fact, there are two modes of supply in the automotive sector: The mode of supply collection that meets a need in CKD batches of 48 vehicles in the form of a weekly boarding application. This mode is completely disconnected from the norms and standards of Renault; and The new mode of supply by parts, called “Appro-pièces”, which is mainly used in the majority of Renault production sites. This mode consists of the daily expression of needs for the parts. The production site, thus, manages not only the documentation of the vehicles it manufactures but also assumes the responsibility for the stock of its parts. Each reference is packed in suitable packing (lost or returnable packaging). With the introduction of the second mode of supply in the Supply Chain of SOMACA, the result proved to be positive : Realization of 100 Euros benefit on each vehicle. Increase of the production speed: 60 to 220 vehicles/day and a target of 340 vehicle in 2012 for the X90 (Logan/Sandero Morocco, Logan/Sandero export). More local integration (sheetmetal also) thanks to the rapid increase in production speed. Creation of the labor force by passing a single team to 3 teams per day. Multiplication of the parts’ sourcings (ILNs and local suppliers)
Voirin, Jean. "Utilisation des calcaires du Bajocien lorrain moyen en techniques routières." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0093_VOIRIN.pdf.
Full textThis work looks at the use of aggregates taken from limestone formations in the Lorraine Bajocian banks for road subbases. Economic studies show that the use of carbonate rock keeps growing in Lorraine, surpassing traditional materials to the point of being the major resource for road building. This manuscript displays how these materials don't cause any particular technical difficulties in this field even though they have a wide range of aspects. However, the formulation must be well adapted and binder use is preferable. The limestone from massive rock has good adhesion properties with the matrix, especially if the hydraulic binder contains slag. A kinetic study of the setting of these mixes proves that standard equivalence coefficients, for the estimation of final performances, used now are not adapted to limestone, which reacts chemically. As to pertains to the elaboration of the limestone mixes, we confirm that the standard gradings are pertinent until an eventual improvement of recomposition methods based on aggregate stacking theory is established
Mengue, Emmanuel. "Évaluation du comportement mécanique d’un sol latéritique traité au ciment pour des applications routières." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10050/document.
Full textUntil recently, in many tropical and subtropical regions, lateritic gravels have been used in geotechnical highway, like for example in the road foundations. With the increase of needs, the recent consideration of environmental constraints and the unavailability of lateritic gravels with good mechanical properties, the promotion of materials whose use is not widespread for various technical or historical reasons is encouraged. In Sub-saharan Africa, the valorization of local natural marginal materials particularly the fine grained lateritic soils, in road construction purposes is strongly encouraged where a better utilization of resources might help insure sustainable development in a particular socio-economic context.This thesis presents a study of the mechanical behavior of a cement treated fine grained lateritic soil for a valorization in road construction. It constains five parts:The first part concerns a literature review of work on lateritic soils. It also presents the work completed on soils treated with cement.The second part is devoted to the description of the materials studied. After the presentation of physical, chemical and mineralogical characterizations of these materials, we present the parameters of the study. At the end, mineralogical and microstructural characterization of cement treated lateritic at different dosages is presented.The third part presents the experimental results of a study of one-dimensional consolidation of lateritic soil before and after treatment with cement at different dosages. The verification of the processability of the soil, as well as the determination of intrinsic characteristics and compaction of the cement treated lateritic are also illustrated in this section.The fourth part shows the experimental results of the mechanical strength of the lateritic soil before and after treatment with cement. The discussion about bearing capacity, the compressive and tensile strength and the rupture and shear strengths constitutes the major concern of this part.Finally, the fifth part presents a numerical and economic analysis of the design of a road foundation of lateritic soil treated with cement at different dosages. The influence of soil treatment on the thickness of the road foundation is examined, as well as the economic cost of the road foundation
Fall, Meïssa. "Identification et caractérisation mécanique de graveleux latéritiques du Sénégal : application au domaine routier." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL119N.
Full textLanouette, Florence. "Stabilisation thermique des remblais construits sur le pergélisol sensible au dégel à l'aide d'une approche de conception tenant compte de l'accumulation de la neige." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69363.
Full textIn northern regions, preferential accumulation of an insulating snowpack along linear transportation infrastructures prevents the extraction of heat in winter. In permafrost terrain, this thermal equilibrium modification can be a significant cause of the underlying permafrost degradation, which affects the structural properties of the roadway. Since heat transfers through the snowpack are essentially controlled by the mechanism of conduction, its insulating effect can be counteracted by decreasing the thickness of snow on the slopes and at the toe of the embankment. To achieve this goal, the gentle slope promotes a laminar wind flow that blows snow away easily and, therefore, minimizes its accumulation. The main objective of this research project is to develop a design method aiming for thermal stabilization of linear transportation infrastructures built on permafrost by optimizing the embankment geometry to consider the preferential accumulation of snow. The general approach of the study relies on the use of a 2D model (produced with the modeling software TEMP/W) simulating the snowpack effect on the underlying ground. The monitoring of a transect at Tasiujaq airstrip, in Nunavik, documents the thermal regime in the ground and the evolution of the snowpack. Based on those data, the freezing n-factor was expressed as a function of the snow thickness following a logarithmic equation. This empirical relation is used as an upper boundary of the geothermal model. Once calibrated and validated with the data collected at theTasiujaq test site, the model allows to quantify the impact of the embankment geometry on the temperature gradient in the natural subgrade ground. This gradient is calculated from the temperature at the interface between the embankment and the ground and the temperature at the depth of zero annual amplitude. A temperature gradient of zero or less is aimed to preserve the permafrost. This ground thermal regime is obtained by correcting the temperature at the interface. Therefore, numeric simulations are run for six slopes between 45 and 14% and for three embankment thickness. Finally, these results are presented through an engineering tool calculating the slope needed to assure the thermal stability of the infrastructure depending of the embankment height.
Arrais, Freire Reuber. "Use of fiberglass geogrids to the reinforcement of bituminous mixtures layers." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET009.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation was developed at the Laboratory of Tribology and Dynamics of Systems (LTDS) at the Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat (ENTPE), France. It was part of a partnership between the French companies Afitexinov and EIFFAGE Infrastructures. It also had the support of the Brazilian science without borders program from CNPq. The objective of this study is to contribute to the future development of new geosynthetics to the reinforcement of bituminous mixtures. As well as to provide useful information that could allow the proposition of new design method for reinforced pavement structures. To this end, five slab configuration was conceived, four bi-layered and one whole, containing the same type of bituminous mixture regardless of the configuration. From the bi-layered slabs, three were reinforced with the combination of two fiberglass geogrids (50 and 100kN/m maximum tensile strength) with two emulsions as tack coat (bitumen pure and modified by SBS). The last bi-layered slab was unreinforced, containing only emulsion bitumen pure on its interface. The first experimental campaign concerned the characterization of the behavior of cylindrical specimens reinforced by fiberglass geogrid at a small strain domain using cyclic tension-compression tests. A new interface analysis method was proposed for complex modulus tests of specimens reinforced by geogrid. From test results, the interface behavior obtained was linear viscoelastic (LVE) and it could be modelled by 2S2PD model. The second experimental campaign concerned characterization at monotonic axial tension loading. Three temperatures were combined with two strain rates of loading for the tension characterization. The results showed that the geogrid was not highly mobilized possibly due to a slippage in the interface. The third experimental campaign concerned fatigue characterization. Sinusoidal tension-compression tests at 10°C, 10Hz, and controlled strain at different amplitudes were carried out. The different configurations presented distinct susceptibility to strain amplitude variation of Wöhler curves. For the French design method for pavements, according to the parameter ε6 obtained in this work, the geogrid reinforcement effect was negligible. The fourth experimental campaign concerned the crack propagation resistance characterization. Four-point bending notched fracture (FPBNF) test was carried out using beams. 3D Digital Image Correlation device was used to calculate the strain field during the crack propagation as well as its tip. A force plateau, proportional to the geogrid maximum tensile strength, was observed in reinforced results related to the mobilization of the geogrid during the test
Chateaudon, Jean-Luc. "La Question routière dans le département du Haut-Rhin (1800-1870)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20038.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to carry out a survey on the road network such as it was from 1800 up to 1870, in the "Departement du Haut-Rhin" (the size of which varied at that time. The choice of this "departement" is a deliberate one. As a matter of fact, owing to its proximity with Germany as well its economic wealth, a considerable amount of -work had been put forth in order to develop the road network- as the density of today's network clearly shows. The period under study witnessed the achievement of a reliable, dense road system. It was also the time when the railroads were making a breakthrough and eventually nearly brought about the disappearance of the road network. Our study is two fold. The first part of it is dedicated to the different achiievements, the (financial, human ,material) means used to carry them out and the obstacles that had to be overcome. The second part deals with the philosophical aspects underlying these achievements and most of all the Authorities' choice of the strategies which brought them about. Were these strategies different from the previous ones ? Did they change over this period ? What was the motivation behind the Authorities' choices, what lobbies got the upper hand ? Eventually, how appropriate to the needs of the "departement" were these achievements ? 1870 was also the year when the Germans came and put the finishing touches with a logic and priorities that differed from the French's
Petitjean, Nadège. "L'impact socio-économique des chantiers de grandes infrastructures de transport : deux études de cas : l'autoroute A39 : l'autoroute A77." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1006.
Full textPipien, Agnes. "Construire la modernité, développer les territoires alpins, une histoire politique et sociale de la route (XIXe-XXIe siècle)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH045.
Full textThe construction and use of a route depends on many political factors. The road then it is in a state of simple draft is the result of political reflections several scales. Regarding Alpine roads, many issues have to be taken into consideration. If the building is in a national context, the road is also the result of local disputes. It builds territories and new boundaries, new spaces. The road creates inequalities. The road is a symbol of modernity. It is the place where oppose progress and tradition. The alpine roads are the scene of a confrontation between two modes of thought, the engineers, and that of rural societies. If the road allows not always opening up companies mountains, it is the source of their transformation. The different paths of roads in mountain areas Dauphiné provide regional traffic. However, the road also allows booming Tourism in the twentieth century. The road is a reflection of the companies that use it. its functions evolve with the evolution of societies. The practices of road users change. Traffic conditions in winter create the specific road network mountain. Winter and the issue of snow removal is a key concern corporate mountain. Through the issue of winter maintenance, it is also interesting to study a change in attitudes, new uses of the road
Souley, Issiakou Mahamadou. "Caractérisation et valorisation des matérieux latéritiques utilisés en construction routière au Niger." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0340/document.
Full textLaterites are the most commonly used soils in civil engineering works, particularly in road construction in most countries of intertropical region. These are residual or detrital soils resulting from the alteration of pre-existing rocks. These soils contain a considerable quantity of iron and aluminum oxides, kaolinite and silica, but small quantities of titanium oxides, manganese, magnesium, etc. The large diversity of the chemical compounds of laterites makes their characterization difficult. Moreover, specification documents and technical guides used for road design in sub-saharan Africa, most of them unsuitable, do not take into account the specificity of climatic and environmental conditions of laterite formations in road projects. An interdisciplinary characterization of these soils, taking into account the factors involved in the lateritization process, should make it possible to be determined more precisely. It’s also the best way to get more relevant and much more representative properties. The aim of this work is to characterize and determine the lateritic soils suitability of southwestern Niger in road construction. The area covered by the study consists of seven lateritic deposits with strong geological different contexts from one to another. Our study, based on various approaches, made it possible to determine the geotechnical and mechanical properties of the soils on the one hand and the chemical and mineralogical properties on the other hand. At the end of the study, two categories of soils are to be distinguished: [1] soils with good bearing capacity : CBR of around 100 contain average fines content not exceeding 12% and a plasticity index less than 15. For these soils, the bearing capcity depends very much on the size of the particles. They have a high shear strength, an effective internal friction angle φ' of the order of 40° and an effective cohesion c' greater than 10 kPa. Their behavior is dilatant during shear. They have low values in void ratio and in index permeability. Similarly, their amplitude of settlement is low. The good bearing capacity of these soils is mainly justified by their appreciable iron oxides content. The attack of the microstructure by the latter is done in diffuse way or by concretionary circles of oolites. [2] the soils of low bearing capacity : the fine fraction and the plasticity index are high respectively of the order of 25 and 30. The bearing capacity is around 30, the internal friction angle is less than 30° and the cohesion less than 5 kPa. These soils are weak to the shear and their behavior is contracting (loose sand behavior). They are more compressible and less permeable with a high swelling coefficient. The low bearing capacity of these soils is attributable to their low iron oxide content and to the mode of attack which is carried out in isolated way.The improvement of soils with low bearing capacity has been tested separately by adding a certain amount of hydraulic binder (cement), lime (CaO) and lateritic nodules. Mineralogical and chemical analyzes showed that the addition of the products led to a textural modification and favored the production of neo-synthesized chemical compounds whose main role was to strengthen the links between the mineral elements contained in the lateritic samples. In most cases, the improved samples showed good bearing capacity and validated their road pavement suitability
Vizzari, Domenico. "Mix-design of a novel semi-transparent layer for solar roads." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0023.
Full textThe road network of the future will be not only a transportation system for people and goods, but also a technology able to harvest energy from the Sun exploiting existing surfaces. This manuscript deals with the mixdesign of a semi-transparent layer for solar roads. The novel surface is a composite material given by recycled glass aggregates bonded together using the polyurethane. At present, there are no specifications or guidelines for the use of the polyurethane in solar roads. In the light of this, the polyurethane is characterized in terms of curing kinetic and viscoelastic behavior performing the DSR and the DMA. The research also focuses on the mix-design of the semi-transparent layer based on three methods/techniques: the packing density, the fraction factorial design and the surface dressing. The objective is to optimize the optical and mechanical performance of the mixture, in the prospective of a full scale application. Finally, the aging of the polyurethane because of the UV exposition is investigated by means of the FTIR, the DSC and the rotational rheometer test. The mix-design of the semi-transparent layer is an important step towards the manufacture of the “hybrid road”, a road energy harvesting system obtained by the union between a concrete porous medium used as solar collector with a photovoltaic road
Bernard, Marie. "Roadtown : la genèse d'une forme d'urbanisation du territoire : États-Unis, 1914-1955." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010512.
Full textJarrier, Anne-Lucie. "Construire les routes du développement en Amazonie : étude des conflits sur l'aménagement du territoire régional au prisme des instruments." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020076.
Full textLaunched as part of the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in SouthAmerica (IIRSA), the construction of a “bi-oceanic” corridor intends to link the Atlantic withthe Pacific through the Amazon river. This project finds its roots in the economic assessment that explains “under-development” by the existence of a gap in terms of infrastructure. A unified program of land planning proposed by IIRSA was conceived in order to bridge this gap. The full implementation of this program would reduce trade barriers and integrate marginalized territories to the productive economy. However, the implementation of the“Amazonian axis” raises many environmental and social issues that have sparked a critical discourse regarding the legitimacy of the project as well as opposition movements whose mobilization led, in some cases, to the formation of local conflicts.This study considers the Amazon as a laboratory for the study of a confrontation between two competing paradigms: the conquest of the frontier as a driver of economic growth and the preservation of the “lung of the Earth”. Based on data collected on three of the IIRSA's Amazonian projects (in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru), this study uses a comparative approach on different levels (international, national and local) in order to conduct a cross-reflection on multi-level governance (regional integration, local governance) and to examine power relations between two antagonist development models
Amoushahi, Sina. "Slope stability analysis of the west wall of LAB chrysotile mine in the vicinity of Road 112." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26410.
Full textMining slopes in the vicinity of public roads must be considered during the road design process. Several open-pit mines are currently in development in Quebec and some of them are located close to national highways. This M.Sc. thesis provides a review of the literature on some current practices around the world regarding mining slope design close to public infrastructures. It then investigates the stability of the west wall of the LAB Chrysotile open-pit mine in Thetford Mines (Quebec) in the vicinity of the new Road 112 location. The field work performed at the site is described. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses are conducted using finite element shear strength reduction (FE-SSR) and limit equilibrium (LE) methods. The impact of pit infilling and rapid dewatering, as well as long-term stability of the slope are also investigated. The results of all analyses reveal that the current mining slopes are within acceptable design criteria limits.
Treibich, Carole. "Four Essays on the Economics of Road Risks in India." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0063.
Full textMy dissertation aims at understanding the environmental and behavioral determinants of road traffic accidents in a developing country, India. To do so, a panel database on Indian states over a twelve year period has been built. A household survey among drivers and passengers of motorbikes has been also implemented in Delhi in 2011, this to overcome the absence of individual data on road habits. Chapter 1 is a macroeconomic study on the Indian subcontinent. The results found suggest that India should invest more particularly in road infrastructures, in the strict implementation of road rules and in education programs on road related risks. Given that 70% of motorized vehicles are two-wheelers in India, I decided to focus the rest of my analysis on this subgroup. Chapter 2 provides a presentation of the survey. I study in Chapter 3 the adequate measurement of risk aversion in the context of a developing country. I explore the impact of questions and interviewers on the elicited individuals' preferences towards risk. In Chapter 4, a theoretical model on the influence of risk aversion on prevention activities is first adapted to the road safety context. When looking at the data, we found that more risk averse drivers are more likely to wear a helmet while there is no significant effect on choice of speed. As for passengers, they seem to adapt their helmet use to their environment and in particular to their driver's skills. In Chapter 5, I show that previous experiences of road crash and police stop impact subjective expectations. Fear of injuries lead to a greater use of helmet on long distance journeys, while police threat rather determines the helmet use on short trips