Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Routes – Dégâts causés par le gel'
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Poupart, Joannie. "Étude du comportement en déformation permanente des matériaux granulaires non liés de fondation de chaussées en condition de gel saisonnier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29855/29855.pdf.
Full textMoniz, Carl. "Performance mécanique, hydrique et au gel des matériaux granulaires recyclés : évaluation en laboratoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29202/29202.pdf.
Full textLebeau, Marc. "Développement d'une méthodologie de sélection des matériaux de fondation routière pour contrer les effets du dégel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23634/23634.pdf.
Full textSavoie, Catherine. "Évaluation du bénéfice technico-économique lié à l'utilisation de technologies drainantes géocomposite dans les chaussées flexibles en contexte climatique nordique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29871/29871.pdf.
Full textWater infiltration in road structures can lead to important changes in its mechanical response. If in excess, the water can induce bearing capacity loss in the different aggregate layers composing the road structure. The diminution in the mechanical properties is likely to reflect itself prematurely through different mechanisms like fatigue cracking, rutting, pot hole, etc.. In order to prevent the loss of service life, it is important to take measures to prevent excess water infiltration in the granular layers of the infrastructure. Many mitigation techniques have been incorporated to road conceptions in order to prevent this phenomenon. Geocomposite drainage systems are among those. Despite all the research that has been conducted on this matter in the last years, decision maker and the scientific community are skeptical as for the actual earnings generated by the installation of a drainage technology in the pavement structure. The purpose of this study is thus to demonstrate that the additional cost generated by the addition of drainage technologies in road structures is reflected by a faster recuperation of the mechanical properties of the infrastructure and an increase of its service life. In order to validate this hypothesis, a small scale experimental road was constructed in laboratory and a full scale experimental road was constructed in the Laval University experimental site. Laboratory tests were conducted on four different drainage configuration that were reproduced in the field were a fifth section was added. Laboratory trails enabled to record noticeable amelioration between the four tested sections in terms of the recuperation rate of normalised modulus. Although the field results were not as pronounced as in laboratory, they enabled to note trend to faster recovery of the mechanical properties. Damage calculations showed gains in service life (ECAS) from 0.92 to 1.29%. However, the economical analysis showed that gains recorded during one drainage period following a thaw cycle was not sufficient to justify the extra costs. Nevertheless, there still are many factors that have not been considered in this analysis that could potentially contribute to the increase in the calculated gains.
Létourneau, Maryse. "Effet du gel et du dégel sur les propriétés mécaniques et physiques des sols argileux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29219/29219.pdf.
Full textYahia, Jamal Charles. "Validation d'un modèle physique de prévision de la température de surface du revêtement de la chaussée : intégration de données in situ et de prévisions à moyenne échéance pour l'élaboration d'informations en météorologie routière hivernale." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688806.
Full textSylvestre, Olivier. "Influence du soulèvement au gel sur la durée de vie utile des chaussées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28217.
Full textIn cold regions, flexible pavements are constantly submitted to the effects of climate combined with the repeated traffic loads effect. The frost heave of the subgrade soils due to formation of ice lens is among the main mechanism involved in the high degradation rate of the flexible pavement. The relationship between pavement service life and the various pavement degradation mechanisms such as the soil variability, the effects of traffic, the pavement structural capacity and the effect of cracking, is complex to establish in cold regions where frost heave plays a major role in pavement deterioration. The main goal of this project is to present the development of flexible pavement damage models, developed through a multiple linear regression analysis, associating the long-term roughness performance to frost heave and several degradation mechanisms. At a design stage, those models would be essential to evaluate the benefits or consequences to have a frost heave lower, equal or higher than the allowable threshold values established by the Ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité Durable et de l’Électrification des Transports (MTMDET) du Québec according to the roads functional classification. The result illustrated that a significant increase in long-term IRI deterioration rate, usually caused by a more variable subgrade soil, is likely to contribute to the rehabilitation of the pavements before the end of the initial pavement service life. This project will allow the road administrations and contractors to adapt the designs of road infrastructure subjected to frost action according to their needs and design objectives, and to better understand to effect of frost heave on pavement deterioration.
El, Youssoufy Ahmed. "Effets des charges sur les chaussées en période de restriction des charges-volet laboratoire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28382.
Full textDuring the spring thaw period, pavements experience a significant decrease of their bearing capacity, which leads to increased deterioration during that season. The Ministry of Transportation of Quebec enforces load restrictions during the thawing and the recovery of the pavement structures to ensure they are protected from excessive thaw associated damages. The main objective of this paper is to present the results of an investigation of the structural behaviour of a pavement structures during freezing and thawing under laboratory controlled conditions using the Laval University heavy vehicle simulator (HVS). The results of the study will be used to develop criteria to assists the authority in the decision-making process for the implementation and the removal of load restrictions. A typical four-layer flexible pavement structure was built inside an indoor concrete test pit at Laval University. The pavement section was instrumented to monitor horizontal strains in the asphalt concrete layer as well as vertical stress, vertical strain, and water content in each unbound layer and in subgrade soil. Temperature was also monitored in all layers. The new HVS was used to impose 5000 kg (normal conditions), 5500 kg (winter) and 4000 kg (spring load restrictions) loads on a standard dual-tire assembly. The load simulator was also used to induce three freeze-thaw cycles to a depth of 1,5 m in the pavement structure. The results allowed quantifying the relationship between pavement response and freezing/thaw depth and to identify the critical conditions of the thawing period. Also, the results showed that the application of a load restriction period during the thaw allowed to have a gain on the life cycle, thus a load restriction period is justified and effective. However, to optimize the load restriction period, new management criteria have been proposed in this project.
Grégoire, Laurie-Anne. "Analyse de profils de chaussées : effet du gel saisonnier et de la dégradation du pergélisol." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27218.
Full textMethods adapted to road condition are needed to maintain and rehabilitate roads built on permafrost or in context of seasonal frost. Several issues can lead to increase repair and maintenance costs, decrease the pavement’s lifetime and increase problems related to the safety of road users. The project objective is to develop a profile analysis tool, which would help to locate thaw and frost sensitive zones, diagnose the causes of degradation and select proper mitigation strategies. The research project is divided into two parts. The first section is related to frost heaves on pavements in context of seasonal frost. Currently, there are diagnosis methods for detecting areas where frost susceptibility is present. These methods do not allow to determine whether the freezing problem is under or at the surface of the road; in other words if the problem is related to differential heave or uplift cracks. Moreover, the methods used are not adapted to municipal roads. According to the known problems of some sites, it was possible to develop a chart used to differentiate if the frost problem is in surface layers or deep in the road subgrade. Then, a 3D analysis was done to complement the chart. Using this technology, a new method will be developed to detect freezing problems through the transverse profiles. The second part focuses on the pavements built on permafrost. Current methods for detecting the degradation of permafrost under roads are unclear and need to be refined. Three test sites were studied on the Alaska Highway in Yukon. Depending on various analysis, such as analysis of longitudinal profiles, the spectral density and wavelength, trends analysis were found to characterize the instability of permafrost.
Plasse, Catherine. "Analyse biogéographique de la répartition et de la colonisation des gélivasques en fonction de la latitude." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27696/27696.pdf.
Full textAldalati, Rami. "Conception des chaussées en béton bitumineux sous l’effet des conditions climatiques : application au phénomène du gel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10024/document.
Full textFlexible asphalt pavements are widely used in road construction. The design of these roads must take into account the behavior of the materials, traffic loading and weather conditions. In areas subjected to the freezing phenomenon, it is essential to take this phenomenon into account in pavement design, maintenance and rehabilitation. In fact, it can cause significant damages to roads, which appear as cracks or excessive deformations. The present work aims at analysis of the behavior of asphalt pavements subjected both freezing and traffic : The first chapter includes a literature review of researches conducted on the phenomenon of freezing effects in pavements. The second chapter is dedicated to the numerical modeling of the freezing phenomenon in soils treated as a tri-phasic porous medium. It presents the mathematical formulation of the coupled problem and its numerical solution using the finite difference method.The final chapter presents a finite element analysis of the pavement mechanical response to the phenomenon of freezing and traffic loading. This analysis is performed with a simplified approach that includes two steps: 1) it concerns solving the problem of freezing using a finite difference modeling. 2) it consists of the resolution, by the finite element method, of a mechanical problem considering the mechanical loads and the temperature effect
Calais, Thomas. "Propriétés mécaniques et durabilité d'un béton léger : application en régions froides." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24023.
Full textOver the years, lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) has been used in many building projects, notably in the USA and Nordic countries, but only in a few in Quebec. The aim of this project is to establish a better understanding of the fundamental properties of LWAC for a possible use in repairs and new structural projects. Several experimental phases were conducted in order to evaluate the mechanical properties, the cracking risk, the resistance of rapid freezing and thawing and the scaling resistance of a LWAC made with expanded shale coarse aggregate. We focused on two factors: the LWA water content and the evaluation of the quantity of water from LWA counted in the water/binder ratio. The experimental results show that, even if the understanding of the movements of water around the LWA is not yet total, mechanical properties and durability meeting structural standards can be obtained. For many properties like the cracking risk and the freezing resistance, LWAC are even better than usual concrete.
Khanfour, Mohamed Akram. "Étude de l'influence des cycles de gel/dégel sur le comportement mécanique des poutres en béton armé de PRFB." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30817/30817.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this project is to study the effect of freeze-and-thaw cycles on the mechanical performance of concrete beams reinforced with basalt fibre-reinforced polymers (BFRP) bars that are recently developed. Twenty concrete beams reinforced with BFRP bars were cast and exposed to two different environments: (a) room temperature and (b) 260 cycles of freeze-and-thaw at temperature varying between 25oC and +15oC. The project investigated two other parameters namely (a) the internal reinforcement ratio (under and over reinforced beams) and the shear span-to-depth ratio (a / d). All beams were tested in four point bending. The experimental results were compared to the predictions of the Canadian code. The effect of each parameter on the behaviour of the beams is presented and discussed.
Tran, Duc Thang. "Endommagement des enrobés bitumineux soumis à des cycles de gel / dégel." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET011.
Full textThis PhD thesis is part of a collaboration between “l’École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’État” (ENTPE) and the research center of Eurovia within the national project DVDC. PhD works contribute to the sub-theme 1.5 dealing with winter degradations included in Theme 1 of the national project, on the mechanisms of pavement degradation. PhD thesis studies damages in bituminous mixtures, which might be caused by water and freeze/thaw cycles. A literature review on the effect of water and frost on bituminous mixtures was carried out as a first part of the thesis. After the literature review, two experimental campaigns were proposed and realized: a main campaign and a complementary campaign. The main campaign studies the effects of water saturation, freezing/thaw cycles (FT), thermal cycles with heating (Heating/Freezing-HF cycle and Heating/Cooling- HC cycle) on non-aged and aged bituminous mixtures. It focuses on three main behaviours of bituminous mixture : viscoelastic behaviour, fatigue behaviour and thermomechanical coupling. In the domain of linear viscoelastic behaviour (VEL), the complex module test was performed on a bituminous mixture subjected to different conditions : water conditioning, FT cycles, HF cycles or HC cycles. The VEL behaviour of the tested material was then modeled using the 2S2P1D model (2 Springs, 2 Parabolic elements, 1 Dashpot) developed at ENTPE. The fatigue behaviour of bituminous mixture subjected to 50 FT cycles and water saturation was studied. Sinusoidal loading in controlled axial strain mode was applied at 10 Hz and 10°C. The effects of water saturation and FT conditioning were then analyzed by using the Wöhler fatigue curves. A model was used to simulate the damage evolution. In the low temperature behaviour domain, the specimens were studied by using the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) and Thermal Unstressed Specimen Test (TUST). The temperature, the stress and the radial strain at failure were analyzed to investigate the conditioning effects. The results show a non-significant effect of the FT cycles and water conditioning on the bituminous mixture behaviour, for small strain loading (less than 120μdef) and at positive testing temperature. However, the effect of water conditioning becomes dominant and significant at low temperatures, especially in the TSRST. For the non-aged material conditioned with HF and HC cycles, the aging of the bitumen was observed by using the normalized curves of complex modulus
Lamothe, Sébastien. "Endommagement d'un enrobé bitumineux partiellement saturé en eau ou en saumure soumis à des sollicitations cycliques de gel-dégel et mécaniques." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENTP0008/document.
Full textDuring winter and spring in the province of Quebec, hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement could be subjected to sever conditions over their design life. These conditions are: 1) rainfall and snowmelt, which generates the partial saturation of the HMA, 2) winter maintenance requiring the presence of de-icing salt, which acting chemically on HMA, 3) traffic, which acting mechanically on HMA, and 4) temperature changes and presence of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) creating thermal stress and deformation (thermo-mechanical coupling) within the pavement, and pressure, within the material, generated by freezing water or brines. More specifically, the literature review of this work focuses on the study of: 1) severe conditions such as climatic, chemical and mechanical solicitations, 2) physical characteristics of HMAthat affect its durability, mechanical properties (viscoelastic and fatigue) and thermomechanical properties (coefficient of thermal contraction).An experimental laboratory program was conducted to verify the influence of these severe conditions on the degradation and behavior of HMA. First, thermal testing (-18 to +23°C), including freeze-thaw cycles (FTC, -18 to +10°C) were performed on samples under dry (D)and partially saturated (PS), with water or brine, states. The samples were instrumented with an axial gauge and two thermocouples. During FTC (-18 to +10°C), sample partially saturated with water, compared to those partially saturated with brines, is subject to expansions and contractions significantly greater during formation and melting of ice. In the temperature range from +10 to +23°C, the linear coefficients of thermal contraction of partially saturated samples are quite similar, but higher than that of HMA in dry state. At such temperature range, this implies that the partially saturated HMA contracts and expands a little more than that in dry state. Secondly, the samples were subjected to mechanical testing.The complex modulus test was performed in order to evaluate the damage of samples due to FTC. The test results and rheological model 2S2P1D were used to simulate the behavior of the HMA according to the various states. Over FTC, damage is observed for all samples, butmuch higher for the PS sample with water. Moreover, for PS samples, a distinct behavior is observable below and above the solidification temperature of the liquid. Finally, the study of the fatigue behavior of HMA under PS, with water, and D states is performed. At +10°C and 10Hz, only slight decreases were observed for complex modulus (3%) and fatigue (ε6 = 105 vs 109μstrain) for HMA partially saturated with water. These small decreases are due to the low period of immersion of samples in water, lowers temperatures of water and test, low void content of the samples, modified bitumen and good aggregates used
Quijano, Murillas Alejandro. "Application de méthodes et d'outils mécaniste-empiriques pour la conception et la réhabilitation des chaussées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27388/27388.pdf.
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