Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Routes – Matériaux'
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Lebeau, Marc. "Développement d'une méthodologie de sélection des matériaux de fondation routière pour contrer les effets du dégel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23634/23634.pdf.
Full textMoniz, Carl. "Performance mécanique, hydrique et au gel des matériaux granulaires recyclés : évaluation en laboratoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29202/29202.pdf.
Full textNadji, Djaouida. "Colmatage d'un milieu modèle par une suspension d'argile : Application au colmatage des chaussées poreuses." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENPC9814.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to provide an insight into the phenomenon of porous asphalt clogging. An experimental device has been built in order to test the hypothesis that this phenomenon is caused by the combined effects of a supply of colloidal suspension (clay and clay-bitumen particles) and the cycle of hydratation-drying of the granular porous sample. Therefore, the evolution of the permability and the cohesion of a model porous media, subject to these cycles, have been studied. We have shown that the permeability versus the hydratation cycle number decreases linearly. Moreover, we have noticed that the evolution of clogging in the case of the clay-bitumen particles is quicker than in the case of suspension of bentonite particles. In fact, during the suspension flow, the clay particules pass through the granular pack without any retention. Whereas, the clay-bitumen particules are retained on the grains of the porous medium. A phenomenon of colloidal migration from the bulk to the surface evaporation during the cycle of deshyratation has also been noticed. The repetition of this phenomenon leads to a heterogeneous sample composed of two parts : the solid part (crust) near to the surface evaporation and the crumbly part which constitute the bulk of the granular pack. The mechanical measurements have shown that a small quantity of clay within the crust part is enough to generate important values of Young’s modulus and yield stress. By micoscopic observations, we have shown that the cohesion of the sample is due to two types of clay structure : the « cement » and the « veils and bridges ». We have called « cement » the clay pile resulting from the superposition of the plane membranes which are perpendicular to the direction of evaporation and are situated in the pores formed by the grains. We have designed by « veils and briges » the clay structures created at the contact point between grains
Zeng, Xinhua. "Novel routes of integration of submicronic components at optical fiber end." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0024.
Full textWith the rapid development of modern optics, the miniaturization of optics devices is becoming an issue. The integration of submicronic component at an optical fiber end is of great interests for many applications. In this thesis, we present integrated submicronic objects at the extremity of an optical fiber using photo-chemical approaches. The first one is the integration of a polymer probe at a single mode optical fiber end based on free radical photo-polymerization. Different routes allowing us to tune the tip geometry (length, size, radius of curvature) under control are presented and discussed. Optical performances are studied experimentally and numerically. Particularly, a transmission of about 90% is demonstrated. Moreover, protocols allowing us to attach a single gold nanoparticle to the polymer tip extremity are developed. The second example is to extend the photopolymerization to the integration of a set of polymer microlens on an optical fiber bundle for potential applications in endoscopy by increasing the resolution or to increase the coupling between bundles for optical communications. Thirdly, silver nanoparticles are integrated on the facet of a mono-cored optical fiber or fiber bundles via photoreduction of silver salt. Similar technique can be extended to synthesize in-situ other metal nanoparticles to the fiber end for optical sensing applications
Soto, Dario Fernando. "Mise au point d'essais simples pour estimer les propriétés mécaniques et la sensibilité au gel des sols et des matériaux de chaussées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26820.
Full textBilodeau, Jean-Pascal. "Optimisation de la granulométrie des matériaux granulaires de fondation des chaussées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26136/26136.pdf.
Full textWang, Shaojun. "Strong light-molecule coupling : routes to new hybrid materials." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF038/document.
Full textOver the past 15 years, light-matter strong coupling involving organic materials has been of increasing interest due to the very large energy splitting such systems exhibit between the two hybrid light-matter states, also known as the polaritonic states typically denoted P+ and P-. The large energy splitting, so-called Rabi splitting, is the result of the high transition dipole moments of the molecules and the small mode volumes of micro-metallic Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities or surface plasmons used in these studies. Rabi-splittings -1 eV have been observed, often representing a significant fraction of the electronic transition energy in which case the system is said to be in the ultra-strong coupling regime. ln this regime the physical chemistry of molecules or the properties of materials of the coupied system should be modified. lndeed, it has already been shown to affect the relaxation pathways in the coupled system, the rates of photochemical reactions, thework-function and conductivity of organic-semiconductors in the dark, among other things. A recent thermodynamic study demonstrated that the ground state energy can also be shifted in theultra-strong coupling regime. Moreover, the strong coupling is not limited to electronic transitions, but also can be used to perturb the ground-state vibrations of molecules in the infrared region. Ali these results suggest that light-molecule strong coupling has much potential for material and molecular science and therefore merits further study
Quaresma, Maria da Graça. "Comportement et modélisation d'un remblai sur sols mous renforcé par géotextile." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10061.
Full textTribout, Christelle. "Valorisation de sédiments traités en techniques routières : contribution à la mise en place d'un protocole d'acceptabilité." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1277/.
Full textDredging sediments is necessary to ensure navigation but extracted sediments are often polluted. The Solvay Company has been working on the development of a treatment: the Novosol® process. It allows fixing heavy metals and eliminating organic matter. This article reports on the characteristics of a treated sediment and on its use in road building techniques. From mechanical point of view, the mixtures incorporating sediments are standard. The environmental tests carried out on the mixtures show that the release of heavy metals and other species is the same whether the materials incorporate the treated sediment or not. These results suggest that the beneficial use of treated sediments in road building techniques is relevant
Bohi, Zondjé Poanguy Bernardin. "Caractérisation des sols latéritiques utilisés en construction routière : cas de la région de l'Agneby (Côté d'Ivoire)." Paris Est, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/30/10/PDF/These_Bohi_ZPB_deposee-final.pdf.
Full textThe lateritic soils from the Agnéby region in Ivory Coast were studied using geotechnical data from geotechnical investigations for ten road sections built with lateritic gravelly soils in the road structure. The data consisted of particle size distributions, consistency limits of the fine particles, modified Proctor compaction tests and CBR tests. These data were analysed by classical statistical methods (characterisation of the variability of each parameter, correlation analysis of pairs of parameters) and by principal component factor analysis of all the data (188 samples). The study concluded that the lateritic soils samples had rather similar properties and could not be clearly differentiated by statistical analysis. The author suggests that his study should be enlarged to sufficiently big territories (a country or a part of Africa), which would contain all the types of lateritic soils mentioned in the literature, including forest laterites like the ones in Agnéby region, savannah laterites and laterites from ancient cuirasses. A methodology is proposed for this study. The thesis consists of six chapters, a general introduction and a general conclusion and an appendix with all the geotechnical data used
Yilmaz, Deniz. "Caractérisation hydrodynamique des laitiers d'acierie de conversion en construction routière." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0046.
Full textThe accumulation of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag on storage site becomes a major problem for land management and environmental issues. The reuse of BOF Slag represents an environmental challenge for preservation of primary resources. Indeed, the diminution of primary resources promotes the research of alternative solutions. In this way, the BOF slags are studied as alternative construction material in civil engineering, and particularly for road construction. In order to evaluate the environmental impact of th e BOF Slags used for an experimental project of road construction, the full hydrodynamic properties are described by using in -situ infiltration experiments and laboratory scale experiments. The results show a modification of the microstructure of BOF Slag in the experimental structure due to the carbonation of the material. The infiltration capacity of the structure has decreased in time to tend to borne value. The effect of the surface heterogeneity observed on the experimental structure, which appears at the first stage of the structure construction, disappeared with time due to the carbonation of the material. A full hydrodynamic characterization of BOF slag used in the experimental structure is proposed and discussed in regards to the evolution of microstructure. The proposed results will allow evaluating, in further researches, the environmental impact of slag related to pollutant transfer to the underlying soil
Bouvet, Mickaël. "Transfert dans les sols routiers de métaux lourds issus de l'utilisation de déchets." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL021N.
Full textEconomic stakes on raw materials and harmful effects linked to waste landfill, lead to the re-use of
Ciza, Ferdinand. "Détermination du module réversible des matériaux granulaires à l'aide de l'essai pressiométrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28084/28084.pdf.
Full textOne reason for the premature deterioration of roads in North America is inadequate mechanical properties of materials. Given the limited information on the anisotropic behavior of granular materials in the literature, the « Service des matériaux d’infrastructure du ministère des Transports du Québec » agreed to support the project (GE-004-09) which relates to the determination of resilient modulus of granular materials used to build the foundations of roads. Studies show that the resilient modulus of pavement soils is a key parameter for the design and analysis of paved asphalt roads. According to the design method (AASHTO, 2002), the different layers of the pavement structure are dimensioned so that the infrastructure layer remains within tolerated limits of elastic deformations. In order to determine the resilient modulus, triaxial and pressuremeter tests were performed in the facilities of the « Ministère des transports du Québec ». Pressuremeter tests were carried out in a mold compactor, designed specifically for vertical and horizontal testing. The results of pressuremeter tests differ from those (13 kg of granular material) of the triaxial tests. Values obtained from the pressuremeter tests on representative road material (72 kg), demonstrate the existence of structural anisotropy in the foundation and subgrade sections. It appears that the anisotropic ratio (Er/Ez) is roughly equal to 15%, which is consistent with results obtained by Tutumluer et al., (2003). Finally the pressuremeter test is very promising because, not only does it allows for the determination of anisotropy, but also allows the engineer to develop confidence in the results due to the shape of the pressure-volume curve.
Banoune, Brahim. "Comportement mécanique et durabilité des matériaux routiers à différents dosages en sédiments fins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0032.
Full textManagement of large volume of sediment from the dam and river dredging is important economic and environmental challenge. An ecological alternative of storage or disposal at sea must be considered in order to develop this raw material. These sediments are interesting in civil engineering particularly for the roadworks sector. In this thesis we focused on dredging materials of Kherrata and Wadi Soummam.We studied the physical characteristic, mineralogical and mechanical of sediments. This characterization showed that it is necessary to improve their mechanical properties if we hope to used sediments on roadworks. For that we have chosen to realized an hydraulic treatement with binder (hydrated lime and cement). A non-exhaustive parametric study was conducted by varying percentage of binder in sediment. We are also interested to the influence of particle size correctors on the mechanical behavior. The treatment with lime or cement can improve the mechanical caracteristic. However, cement treatment offers the advantage to be more interesting in terms of incorporated dosage and length of treatment. From the durability point of view cement treatment of our sediment is more appropriate and provides a final material to be used in subgrade layer in accordance with the GTR reglementation
Scordia, Pierre-Yves. "Caractérisation et valorisation de sédiments fluviaux pollués et traités dans les matériaux routiers." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339371.
Full textL'objet de ce travail de thèse concerne la valorisation de sédiments fluviaux, pollués et traités par le procédé Novosol®, développé par la société Solvay, dans le domaine de la construction routière. Une première étape de caractérisation physico-chimique et géotechnique des sédiments traités Novosol® (STN) a établi la faisabilité de leur valorisation en couche de forme. Il a également été mis en évidence qu'ils présentaient une réactivité hydrique et pouzzolanique. L'influence de la nature du liant sur le traitement des STN a ensuite été abordée. D'après les résultats des essais mis en œuvre (aptitude au traitement, gonflement, portance, résistance en compression et en traction Brésilienne), 2 des 5 liants testés se distinguent particulièrement et présentent un niveau de performance de classe 3 selon le Guide du Traitement des Sols. Il s'agit du Roc Sol et la chaux vive.
Enfin, une étude complémentaire a montré qu'il était également possible de valoriser les STN en remblais autocompactant. Cependant, cette voie nécessiterait d'être approfondie.
Banoune, Brahim. "Comportement mécanique et durabilité des matériaux routiers à différents dosages en sédiments fins." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0032.
Full textManagement of large volume of sediment from the dam and river dredging is important economic and environmental challenge. An ecological alternative of storage or disposal at sea must be considered in order to develop this raw material. These sediments are interesting in civil engineering particularly for the roadworks sector. In this thesis we focused on dredging materials of Kherrata and Wadi Soummam.We studied the physical characteristic, mineralogical and mechanical of sediments. This characterization showed that it is necessary to improve their mechanical properties if we hope to used sediments on roadworks. For that we have chosen to realized an hydraulic treatement with binder (hydrated lime and cement). A non-exhaustive parametric study was conducted by varying percentage of binder in sediment. We are also interested to the influence of particle size correctors on the mechanical behavior. The treatment with lime or cement can improve the mechanical caracteristic. However, cement treatment offers the advantage to be more interesting in terms of incorporated dosage and length of treatment. From the durability point of view cement treatment of our sediment is more appropriate and provides a final material to be used in subgrade layer in accordance with the GTR reglementation
Pelletier, Laurent. "Étude comparative de la performance en laboratoire de matériaux granulaires stabilisés utilisés comme surfaces de roulement pour les chaussées non revêtues." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25011/25011.pdf.
Full textValencia, Fabian. "Caractérisation des particules fines d'un matériau granulaire de fondation par l'essai au bleu de méthylène." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19783.
Full textPoulin, Philippe. "Étude de la performance de chaussées non revêtues traitées par abat-poussière en contexte nordique canadien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27071/27071.pdf.
Full textConclusions obtained from this research project will be supplemented to a guide which will consider all the relevant parameters in the establishment of design, construction and maintenance guidelines on unpaved roads in northern locations. Dust generation from unpaved roads is a great source of airborne particles which can have environmental as well as economic impacts. These particles are a driving hazard to motorists using the road and are also the cause of many health problems. In addition to atmospheric pollution, the generation of dust also leads to loss of aggregate and road surface deterioration. A wide range of dust suppressants are commercially available to help control this problem. This research project covers the performance of unpaved roads treated with dust suppressant in a northern context. Field testing was conducted on two different forest roads in Québec over a two-year period. Several dust suppressants were evaluated through different criteria of performance including dust abatement, road condition and environmental impacts. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used in order to evaluate those performance criterias. The concept of life-cycle assessment was also studied in order to develop an analysis tool for the design and maintenance of unpaved roads. Study results show hygroscopic products will offer a better performance in the Northern Canada context. The selection of the appropriate salt or brine should be made according to the economic and environmental limitations of the location. The life-cycle analysis of an unpaved road allowed us to establish that the use of a dust suppressant or a soil stabilizer will help reducing the costs of operation and the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere.
Voirin, Jean. "Utilisation des calcaires du Bajocien lorrain moyen en techniques routières." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0093_VOIRIN.pdf.
Full textThis work looks at the use of aggregates taken from limestone formations in the Lorraine Bajocian banks for road subbases. Economic studies show that the use of carbonate rock keeps growing in Lorraine, surpassing traditional materials to the point of being the major resource for road building. This manuscript displays how these materials don't cause any particular technical difficulties in this field even though they have a wide range of aspects. However, the formulation must be well adapted and binder use is preferable. The limestone from massive rock has good adhesion properties with the matrix, especially if the hydraulic binder contains slag. A kinetic study of the setting of these mixes proves that standard equivalence coefficients, for the estimation of final performances, used now are not adapted to limestone, which reacts chemically. As to pertains to the elaboration of the limestone mixes, we confirm that the standard gradings are pertinent until an eventual improvement of recomposition methods based on aggregate stacking theory is established
Maherzi, Walid. "Valorisation des sédiments de dragrage marins bruits et/ou traites aux liants hydrauliques en technique routière." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2053.
Full textThe problem of dredged sediments is related to several aspects, namely the very large volumes produced each year, levels of sediment contamination and legislation increasingly severe for dumping sediment in ocean. In the framework of Franco-British SETARMS, 8 sediments were sampling from the French side, characterized and studied for an enhancement in road construction. In this preliminary phase of treatment, marine sediments were treated with hydraulic binders according to the Guide to Treatment of Soils (GTS 2000). Ability tests to treatment was carried out on sediments from 8 French ports incorporating hydraulic binders. 6 % of cement and 3 % of quicklime were added according to GTS guide (2000). Results (swelling volume, compressive strength and indirect tensile strength), show that despite a nearly geotechnical classification obtained with GTR guide (1992), treated sediments response differently to the treatment test. It is also shown that all studied sediments do not meet the performance criteria specified by the GTS guide (2000) for their use in the subgrade layer. Based on obtained results, a study will carried out to optimize the mixture granular skeleton, using one or more granulometric material
Beaulieu, Luc. "Influence de la granulométrie et de la minéralogie sur le comportement d'un matériau granulaire stabilisé ou traité à l'aide d'abat-poussière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27863/27863.pdf.
Full textWone, Moussa. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement hydrique et mécanique des remblais routiers en matériaux fins." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523303.
Full textDurand, Vanessa. "Performance et robustesse des matériaux de réparation à prise rapide et/ou à haute résistance initiale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29228/29228.pdf.
Full textLe, Cong Nha. "Fabrication processes by chemical routes of textured Barium ferrite compacts for non reciprocal microwave devices." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0046.
Full textPresently, there is a critical need for millimeter wave devices, among which are non-reciprocal devices such as isolators and circulators, which operate in the frequency range from about 30 GHz to 100 GHz.Permanent magnets that ensure the propagation of the wave in such devices are for long based on rare-earth elements. Nowadays, the escalation of rare earths cost encourages to look for alternative materials containing much less, or no, rare earth elements selected from the most common and most available. Alternatively, hard ferrites may show the required potential for integration into non-reciprocal microwave devices. Barium ferrite (BaM) is a wellknown, high-performance, permanent magnet material with a large magneto-crystalline anisotropy along the c-axis of its hexagonal structure. A suitable form of barium ferrite for mm-wave applications is a magnetically oriented bulk material.Several constraining processing techniques were therefore set up to perform the alignment and compaction of plate hexaferrite particles. In contrast to these methods, the present study demonstrates the feasibility of simple alternative ways to provide highly oriented bulk compacts made of BaM particles. In the present work efficient and inexpensive chemical processes (co-precipitation, dry mixing and wet mixing) are presented that produces highly oriented bulk compacts made of Barium hexaferrites (BaM) particles. Hysteresis loops that display very competitive squarenesses between 0.87 and 0.90 (normalized remanent magnetization) and coercivity as high as 303 kA/m are obtained. The sensitivity to demagnetizing effects is therfore reduced. These properties make these BaM bulk ferrite materials suitable for selfbiased applications at frequencies up to 55 GHz
Poupart, Joannie. "Étude du comportement en déformation permanente des matériaux granulaires non liés de fondation de chaussées en condition de gel saisonnier." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29855/29855.pdf.
Full textBelhaj, Essia. "Valorisation des laitiers d'aciérie de conversion dans les liants hydrauliques routiers." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10130/document.
Full textBasic Oxygen Furnace slag (BOF slag) valorisation in hydraulic road binders is investigated. The study was conducted on two different aspects. In a first part, BOF slag characterization, their hydraulic behaviour analysis and their thermal and/or chemical activation study were presented. They have interesting compressive strength (50Mpa) at 180 days. The particle size distribution, temperature and CaCl2 improve BOF slag mechanical properties. An industrial study has focused on BOF slag based hydraulic road binders formulation. Their mechanical properties have been studied according to standardization. It results that the use of 30 to 40% of BOF slag in hydraulic road binders is possible. This conclusion represents an attractive solution to enhance these industrial byproducts
Araujo, Steven. "Evaluation de la compacité des enrobés bitumineux et caractérisation large bande des propriétés diélectriques des roches." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR039/document.
Full textThe control of new paved road is primordial to ensure its quality as well as its lifetime. Thus, several physical properties need to be well calibrated and controlled in order to avoid early degradations and safety issues for the drivers. Furthermore, the coast associated to the road building and the road maintenance is significant which makes the implementation of asphalt pavement according to the standard even more important. Among the properties that need attentions, the compactness which is indicative of the air void concentration in the asphalt pavement is the one we are interested in. Currently, only two methods in laboratory (in Europe) are considered as standards to assess the compactness. Nevertheless, these techniques are either nuclear or destructive which is a major hindrance. In the past two decades, new electromagnetic (EM) techniques have emerged and proved their great utility for geophysics or civil engineering applications and more importantly for the compactness assessment. However, these non-destructive and non-nuclear methods require many special precautions for the compactness assessment. First of all, they allow to measure the dielectric permittivity of the investigated material. Then to figure out the compactness, the use of EM mixing models is required. This leads to the accurate knowledge of every components constituting the asphalt pavement and their related properties (density and permittivity). The first main part of this work spotlights the relevance of using a step frequency radar for the compactness assessment. The study of several EM mixing models is performed to select the most appropriate ones. Nowadays, one of the challenges to address for these techniques is that the use of recycled materials is more and more commonly implemented for new roads building. Indeed, as the knowledge of the component properties is required, this makes the compactness assessment even more difficult. As a consequence, several methods have been developed and are proposed to assess the compactness of a new paved highway containing recycled asphalt pavement. The second main part of this research is the dielectric characterization of many rocks which are the main component of the asphalt pavement. This characterization is validated from low to high frequencies and also as a function of the temperature. The results show at high frequency that the permittivity is mainly dependent on the density and the chemical composition of the rock. However, as the frequency decreases and the temperature varies, this is not longer true and additional phenomena appear and drastically change the dielectric behavior of the rock. Also, it has been shown that the water plays a major role on the dielectric behavior at low frequency. This phenomena are reflected partially by small variations at "high frequency" that could explained the deviations obtained for capacitive techniques which work in the MHz region and which are used also for the compactness assessment
Arrais, Freire Reuber. "Use of fiberglass geogrids to the reinforcement of bituminous mixtures layers." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET009.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation was developed at the Laboratory of Tribology and Dynamics of Systems (LTDS) at the Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat (ENTPE), France. It was part of a partnership between the French companies Afitexinov and EIFFAGE Infrastructures. It also had the support of the Brazilian science without borders program from CNPq. The objective of this study is to contribute to the future development of new geosynthetics to the reinforcement of bituminous mixtures. As well as to provide useful information that could allow the proposition of new design method for reinforced pavement structures. To this end, five slab configuration was conceived, four bi-layered and one whole, containing the same type of bituminous mixture regardless of the configuration. From the bi-layered slabs, three were reinforced with the combination of two fiberglass geogrids (50 and 100kN/m maximum tensile strength) with two emulsions as tack coat (bitumen pure and modified by SBS). The last bi-layered slab was unreinforced, containing only emulsion bitumen pure on its interface. The first experimental campaign concerned the characterization of the behavior of cylindrical specimens reinforced by fiberglass geogrid at a small strain domain using cyclic tension-compression tests. A new interface analysis method was proposed for complex modulus tests of specimens reinforced by geogrid. From test results, the interface behavior obtained was linear viscoelastic (LVE) and it could be modelled by 2S2PD model. The second experimental campaign concerned characterization at monotonic axial tension loading. Three temperatures were combined with two strain rates of loading for the tension characterization. The results showed that the geogrid was not highly mobilized possibly due to a slippage in the interface. The third experimental campaign concerned fatigue characterization. Sinusoidal tension-compression tests at 10°C, 10Hz, and controlled strain at different amplitudes were carried out. The different configurations presented distinct susceptibility to strain amplitude variation of Wöhler curves. For the French design method for pavements, according to the parameter ε6 obtained in this work, the geogrid reinforcement effect was negligible. The fourth experimental campaign concerned the crack propagation resistance characterization. Four-point bending notched fracture (FPBNF) test was carried out using beams. 3D Digital Image Correlation device was used to calculate the strain field during the crack propagation as well as its tip. A force plateau, proportional to the geogrid maximum tensile strength, was observed in reinforced results related to the mobilization of the geogrid during the test
Guiheneuf, Simon. "Formulation et renforts de blocs en matériau terre pour une utilisation structurelle." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAR0007.
Full textIn the actual context of accelerated climate change and increase in global population, the building industry must face crucial challenges: decrease its environmental impact while offering housing solutions for the humankind. To answer it, the development of new bio-based and local building materials appears to be a much-needed ecological alternative to cementitious materials that presents significant environmental footprint. This PhD work aims to develop earth-based blocks with guaranteed mechanical properties in order to build 3-storey buildings. These earths, stabilized using bio-based additions but without any cement or lime, are locally sourced. Therefore, three earths that represent the local variability of resources are first characterised. Then, the rheological behaviour of each type of earth mix is assessed in order to adapt earth mix-design to each studied forming process (compaction, vibro-compaction, casting and extrusion. Mechanical performances at the dry state and in-service life of each earth mix-design are measured for all studied processing routes. Finally, some durability properties of the Britanysourced earth-based materials are described: capillary absorption, erosion and immersion resistance. Obtained results show that produced blocks are as performant as cementstabilized earth materials and allow to consider the semi-industrial development of earth-based blocks fabrication units for structural purpose with limited environmental footprint
Lemaire, Charles-Éric. "Estimation des efforts de contact cylindre / matériau d'un compacteur vibrant." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2135.
Full textTruong, Xuan Trinh. "Caractérisation et évaluation des émissions particulaires issues de l'interaction pneuchaussée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU4015.
Full textAir pollution caused by road traffic, particularly non-exhaust particles, represents a major public health and environmental concern. The characterization and assessment of tire-road contact particles {TRCP) is complex due to their mode of generation and their physicochemical properties, with a variability of results due to the absence of metralogical and methodological standardization. The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D) thesis has and elaborated an an-board analytical platform far the monitoring and collecting TRCP emissions under real vehicle usage conditions on five types of routes. A chemical labelling protocol, specifically targeting tire wear particles, was also developed. The TRCP collected were analyzed by electron microscope coupled to micro-EDX to identify tire-road wear particles (TRWP). The results show that driving style has a greater influence an TRCP emissions than environmental factors. Depending on the type of route, TWP emissions from the labelled tire represent a mass share of between 1.9% and 8.3% of TRCP emissions. The morphological and textural variety of TRWP observed reflects the different post-emission wear processes and transformation mechanisms. Majority elements remain stable, while the variability of minority elements is linked to different contaminants sources
Khezami, Issameddine. "Approche expérimentale de valorisation des sédiments de dragage dans des applications de Génie Civil." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10179/document.
Full textThe topic on the use of sediments is booming for several years. It mainly concerns marine and river sediments. As for the latter, they have a particular physico-chemical composition with higher amounts of minerals and organic matter compared to marine sediments. Moreover, compared with other parts of French territory, the sediments of the region of Nord –Pas-de-Calais are characterized as "contaminated". That's why many researchs were initiated to find new avenues for development of dredged sediments in civil engineering. The main purpose of this research aims to propose a solution for the use of dredged sediment mainly three river sediments from the Nord-Pas-de Calais region for a valuation on road under layers , eco modeled landscape and the development of cementitious materials. In experimental management point of view, the choice of sediment mixtures was determined by the requirements of each reclamation operation. For this, a mixture of sediment of Deule and Croix was chosen for the valuation landscaped mound, a formulation containing sediments of Deûle and Hem has been studied for a valuation road construction. As for the valuation cementitious materials, we used the sediment of the Deule. A mathematical model of decision support validated the choice of different formulations. This work was done in collaboration with the GPMD and LMCU. The validation of the scientific method has been tested on a semi-industrial scale, through the construction of two experimental boards, which helped, initially, to assess the impact of sediments on valuation and the industrial feasibility on site
Ndiaye, Massamba. "Contribution à l'étude de sols latéritiques du Sénégal et du Brésil." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977354.
Full textDe, Freitas Alves Talita. "Thermomechanical behaviour of bituminous lavers containing rigid inserts for eRoads." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03920982.
Full textIn general, four factors need to be accurately and simply accounted for on the design of flexible pavements: traffic and loading, environmental conditions, materials properties and failure criteria (HUANG, 2004). The inclusion of charge-while-drive technologies inside road infrastructures modifies not only the common disposal of layers, but also the overall response of the structure to thermal and mechanical loadings. In order to quantify the impact of these inclusions on the performance of flexible pavements, this study proposes both numerical and experimental methodologies to measure temperature, stress and strain evolutions within electrified roads (eRoads). By means of transient 2-D FEM thermo-viscoelastic simulations, traditional and electrified road profiles were subjected to daily temperature fluctuations and to traffic.The eRoad studied contains electrified rails embedded in the bituminous wearing course, a case of particular interest due to its direct exposure to traffic and climate. The response of the structures was analysed and compared to admissible values commonly assessed to predict distresses. In laboratory, a thermal test was proposed to evaluate eRoad specimens undergoing warm and cold cycles by means of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The strain fields measured numerically and experimentally lead to the same conclusion: the rigid inserts generate additional strain along the interface of the charging unit and the bituminous layer solely due to daily temperature fluctuations. The thermos-viscoelastic model proposed and the experimental set-up have a great potential to assess innovative pavement profiles (inductive and conductive eRoads)
Wone, Moussa. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement hydrique et mécanique des remblais routiers en matériaux fins." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENPC9525.
Full textA coupled model for three-phase unsaturated porous media, with allowance for both the stress-strain relationships of the soil and the flow of water and air, is presented. It is aimed at improving the settlement predictions and stability analyses of geotechnical structures. A system of non linear equations, both of the stress-strain relationships and for the flow of fluids, is first derived, on the basis of the static equilibrium equations, of the continuity equations and of the constitutive relationships of each of the three phases. This system of equations is then solved using the finite element method and an implicit integration scheme for time dependency. This work resulted in the implementation in the finite element program CESAR-LCPC of a new family of elements, devoted to the two-dimensional consolidation analysis of unsaturated soils, and of an iterative algorithm, combining the method of variable stiffness for the flow nonlinearities and the initial stres method for the material nonlinearities. A new subroutine of CESAR-LCPC, terme CSNS (for Consolidation of Unsaturated Soils) was created for performing this type of analysis. The subroutine CSNS takes into account the staged construction of the geotechnical structures and can accomodate any type of boundary conditions. It was checked against the observed behaviour of a test section of an existing motorway. The comparison of the observed and calculated displacements and water pressures in the embankment gave encouraging insight into the capabilities of the method
Waligora, Julien. "Obtention de granulats stables de laitier d'aciérie de conversion LD pour une utilisation en technique routière : étude appliquée au site d'ArcelorMittal Dunkerque." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10162/document.
Full textLD converter steel slags are industrial by-products resulting from Linz-Donawitz steelmaking process in oxygen converters. Due to a dimensional instability, attributed to lime and magnesia contained into slag grains, they are not much valuated in road construction. The aim of this PhD thesis, concerning LD steel slags coming from ArcelorMittal Dunkirk steelmaking plant, was : (i) identify the minerai phases responsible for their instability and understand the mechanisms leading to dimensional damages, (ii) isolate into the steelmaking plant the slag outflows that are sufficiently stable for an use in road construction. Carefully chemical and mineralogical characterisations of these slags showed that they contain calcium silicates (essentially dicalcium silicate and punctually tricalcium silicate), calcium ferrites, iron oxides and two forms of lime: sorne nodules and sorne micro-inclusions. It was also established that without the presence of magnesia, lime is the only phase responsible for dimensional damages and that its distribution into slag grains (nodules, micro-inclusions) has a major influence on their stability. Moreover, taking account of certain industrial parameters, it is expected to produce stable slag grains and to incorporate them into wearing course, roadbase, base course or surface dressing. This work finally provides a new way for valuating LD converter steel slags
Dào, Phuc Lâm. "Valorisation des laitiers LWS dans les mélanges granulaires." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10053/document.
Full textEnhanced value of the slags (LWS) in the granular mixture
Sarr, Cheikh Ahmed Tidiane. "Vers une auscultation par acousto-ultrasons des renforcements par composites collés de structures du génie civil." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0005.
Full textA Senate report from June 2019 estimates France’s ageing structures at more than 25,000 road bridges. One of the recommended solutions to prevent the collapse of these structures is their bonding reinforcement of composite materials. This technical solution allows us to increase their lifeservice by taking into account new acquired stresses (drastic increase in traffic and seismic risks). However, the reinforcing is effective only when the adhesively bonded joint is well executed and free of defects or damages. Thus, the use of this method is limited by a lack of knowledge of the real quality of adhesive joints on site. The objective of this thesis is to propose from a nondestructive technique, the acousto-ultrasonics, a methodology of detection and identification of all types of defects encountered in adhesively bonded assemblies.We studied the most common types of substrates used in civil engineering: steel and concrete. Through a mono-parametric analysis and a statistical principal components analysis (PCA), all the elaborated defects in compositesteel and composite-concrete assemblies were successfully detected. The identification of these defects was obtained using Machine Learning tools through the Random Forest classification algorithm. The factors that could influence this methodology were studiedbefore it was validated on specimens of a larger scale, closer to the on-site achievements. Finally, through a finite element simulation of signal propagation in a bonded assembly, we underline the perspectives that this technique can offer in building learning libraries for the application of Machin Learning techniques to the diagnosis and prognosis of the state of adhesively bonded joints
Fall, Meïssa. "Identification et caractérisation mécanique de graveleux latéritiques du Sénégal : application au domaine routier." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL119N.
Full textAchour, Raouf. "Valorisation et caractérisation de la durabilité d’un matériau routier et d’un béton à base de sédiments de dragage." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10115/document.
Full textThe valorization of non-submersible marine sediments of the GPMD as a new aggregate presents alternative solutions in the field of civil engineering for a better management. The work of this thesis focus on the valorization study of marine sediment in road engineering and the study of the durability of concrete blocks made with sediment. The first part of valorization non-submeresible sediments in road engineering is divided into three steps :The first step was devoted to the physical, mechanical and mineralogical characteristics of these materials, as well as their chemical composition and environmental effects. The second step presents an experimental methodology for the development of a road foundation. The last step describes the construction of an experimental road and analyses the mechanical properties of cores drilled from the road and the results of deflection tests. An environmental assessment, based on leaching tests, was also performed.The second part of the thesis focuses on a durability study of two concrete blocks with two different percentages of sediment. This part is divided into three steps:In the first step, mechanical, physical and chemical characteristics of two types of concrete containing12,5% and 20% of dredged marine sediments are presented and discussed. In the second step, we have examined the durability of these types of concrete with regards to alkali-aggregate reaction, sulphate attack and freezing and thawing cycles. The results of this study will serve in order to better understand the impact of the incorporation of sediments into the concrete and the effect on the mechanical resistance and the degradation mechanisms
Miraoui, Mohamed. "Prétraitement et traitement des sédiments de dragage en vue d'une valorisation dans le génie civil." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10168/document.
Full textThis work is integrated in global thematic developed in Civil Engineering & Environmental Department of the Ecole des Mines de Douai. This thematic relate to the valorization of industrial co products to development an alternative solutions in terms of civil engineering materials. The experimental study developed in this thesis consists to use two materials: dredged sediment and steel slag.The manuscript content five chapters for discuss this approach to developed an experimental methodology to the valorisation of these materials in road construction. In the first chapter, a literature study of dredged sediments and steel slag has been realised. In this part, we studied composition, current management and actual legislation setting their management. In the second chapter, the general characterisation of used materials has been achieved. This part tends to understand the physical, mechanical and environmental behaviour of dredged sediment and steel slag. The third chapter, the natural drying of two types of fine dredged sediments is discussed. In the following, the efficiency of the evaporation and/or drainage has been discussed. The object of this part is to observe the results in terms of water-content decrease by evaporation and drainage in terms to physical characteristics, composition and initial water content of the sediments. The fourth chapter consists to develop a formulation of road materials of dredged sediments mixed to steel slag. Firstly, the treatment of the efficiency of sediment treatments with lime and cement are discussed. Then, a making of a road material with dredged sediment treated with steel slag is discussed. In this part we adapted of packing density model to sediments and steel slags. The last chapter considers the design of base course composed of sediments and steel slags. The design is realised according to méthode française de dimensionnements des chaussées
Chomard, Angèle Anne-Marie. "Fatigue thermique des matériaux polyuréthane : essais d'optimisation d'une formulation PU à base de polyester." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0088.
Full textOlivier, Myriam. "Le matériau terre, compactage, comportement, application aux structures en bloc sur terre." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0004.
Full textEarth means all type of loose soils which can be generally found under humus. It can be used in civil engineering for the building of embankments or for road layers. It is also a building material that has been used for thousands of years and is now being rediscovered. The object of the first part of this study is to evaluate the influence of the composition of the mate rial and of the conditions of its implementation on the geotechnical characteristics of earth, after compaction, for its use in civil engineering and construction. Then, the evolution of the mechanical and rheological characteristics of this mate rial have be en studied during its drying. Some models, developed for non saturated soils and for concrete, have been applied to the experimental results. A part of this study has been performed on lime and cement treated soils. Another part concerns masonry structures made with earth blocks and earth mortars. An element of plane masonry, as well as an arch and a cupola have been tested. Numerical models using an elastic constitutive law and taking cracks into account have given results very close to experiments
Azrar, Hassane. "Contribution à la valorisation des sédiments de dragage portuaire : technique routière, béton et granulats artificiels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10171/document.
Full textIn front of problems of management of harbour dredging sediment, today, it appears necessary to find potential solutions of valosisation allowing to answer effectively these problems. the valorisation in civil engineering, of not immergeables sediments of ports of Dunkirk and Saint Louis, presents an alternative solution to the management of these materials. the works undertaken within the framework of this thesis are focused on the one hand, on the valorisation of Saint Louis sediment in road construction, and the other hand on the valorisation of Dunkirk sediment in concrete as well as artificials agregates. After physicochimical characterisation, mineralogical and mechanical, environmental impact of raw sediment of Saint Louis harbour and the potential use of these materials in road constuction are evaluated. the study of formulation of materials, for use in layer fondation, was based on an experimental method of determination of maximum compactness. The optimal granular mixtures fulfilling the terms of a use in a layer fondation are the evaluated through leaching tests. The concrete party concerns the formulation of the concretes containing Dunkerk sediment. After the characterisation of these materials, three concretes were the object of a durability study vis-a-vis the external sulphate attack associated with a not destructive characterisation in order to study the influence of incorporation of sediment on properties of concretes. The artificial aggregates party presents the feasibility study of aggregates with sediment, the granular plate and the big-bag technique are two making method used
Rasamimanana, Georges. "Le trapp de Raon-l'Etape : un témoin du volcanisme calco-alcalin d'âge devono-dinantien dans les Vosges septentrionales, et un matériau largement utilisé en génie civil." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10235.
Full textKasmi, Abdelhafid. "Prétraitement et traitement des sédiments fluviaux en vue d’une valorisation en technique routière." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10173/document.
Full textThe work in this thesis focuses on the valorization of river sediments in sub-base. The characterization of these sediments allowed us to draw up their detailed identity card including physico-chemical geotechnical and environmental properties. This characterization is essential before any approach aiming to evaluate the potential use of the sediments in road engineering. The dehydration of the sediments is an essential pretreatment. Their dehydration has been optimized by using a method known as “bed of drying”. The influence of dehydration on the sediments characteristics by adding polymers (auxiliary of flocculation) was explored. In order to improve the mechanical performances of sediments, several treatments were developed and tested such as hydraulic binders or addition of granular reinforcements. These various treatments were tested on flocculated and non-flocculated sediments. To optimize the compacity of river sediments-additions (Bolonnais Sand) mixtures, we used the Compressible Packing Model. These results lead us to build an experimental board to validate our approach of valorization. A mechanical and environmental follow-up and analysis of percolation and runoff waters were carried out. The results achieved in laboratory and in-situ consolidate us to use rivers sediments in sub-base
Khoueiry, Nicole. "Study of granular platforms behaviour over soft subgrade reinforced by geosynthetics : Experimental and numerical approaches." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI027.
Full textGeosynthetics were used since 1970 in the base course reinforcement supported by soft subgrade in unpaved road application. The various factors and parameters influencing the dominant mechanism and its relative contribution on the platform improvement explain the need of more investigations in this topic. In this research work, large-scale laboratory test was developed to study the reinforcement contribution in the unpaved road improvement. Therefore, an unpaved platform was built of 600 mm of artificial subgrade supporting a base course layer. A detailed experimental Protocol was established regarding the soil preparation, the installation and the soils compaction procedure to reproduce the site conditions and insure the platform repeatability for each test. Three geosynthetics were tested first under a cyclic plate load test. Cyclic load was performed on the prepared platform, with a maximum load of 40 kN resulting in a maximum applied pressure of 560 kPa. The platform was subjected to 10,000 cycles with a frequency of 0.77 Hz. An advanced and complete soil instrumentation was provided in order to collect the maximum data needed for thorough analysis. Quality control tests were performed before each test to verify the soil layers homogeneity and properties. Two base course thicknesses were tested under this test condition, 350 and 220 mm. Once the developed protocol was confirmed under the circular plate load tests, further tests using the Simulator Accelerator of Traffic (SAT) were performed. Indeed, the laboratory prepared platform was placed in a larger box of 1.8 m in large, 5 m in length and 1.1 m in height. The prepared platform was subjected to two solicitations: a particular plate and traffic load. The Simulator Accelerator of Traffic was developed specially for this application. A machine that simulates the traffic load under an effective length of 2 m and a velocity of 4 km/h. The two areas were instrumented: the area under the circulation load, and the area under the plat load, located aside. In addition, a numerical model based on the differential element method using FLAC 3D was developed. The model simulated the circular plate load test with the same platform configuration under monotonic load. The results were compared to the first monotonic load applied on the rigid plate experimentally
Traore, Brahiman. "Elaboration et caractérisation d’une structure composite (sable et déchets plastiques recyclés) : Amélioration de la résistance par des charges en argiles." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA029/document.
Full textThis project aims at conceiving(designing) one paves with plastic waste got back in the discharges and with mixture of sand and gravel. This pavement that must be of use to the realization of pavements and public highways, must thus be capable of answering the technical conditions of its use. However, the fabrication method and the used material(equipment) must be rather simple to allow its fast handling by little qualified workers and a low(weak) production cost to be economically competitive. Pavements will thus be tested to identify their performance at the same time mechanical and physical then used on life-size to understand(include) their ageing because of their wear. Finally, an equipment(casting off) will have risen for a transfer of finalized(worked out) technology
Nadah, Jaouad. "Valorisation d'une craie du Nord de la France en assise de chaussée routière." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494527.
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