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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Routes of administration'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Hardy, Elizabeth Mary. "Pharmacokinetic and technical studies on novel administration routes for the antineoplastic antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296231.

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Solari-Vaccarezza, Sarah K. "Critical components of effective programs that offer alternative routes to certification." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2499.

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Qualitative research conducted in athletic training in the last two decades has increased but still lacks depth and breadth in pedagogy and education. This is especially evident in the multifaceted clinical education environment where diverse and alternat
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3

McQuay, H. J. "Morphine : evidence of extra-hepatic metabolism in man and the potential of spinal routes of administration." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355782.

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4

Mussell, Susan Marie. "A comparison of the intramuscular and intravenous routes for administration of meperidine to nulliparous and multiparous labouring women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0028/MQ51774.pdf.

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5

Bowden, Brent. "Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Oxytetracycline in Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) as Determined by Plasma Concentration Following Different Routes of Administration." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31752.

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Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of two antibiotics currently available and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use as a chemotherapeutic agent in food fish and is widely used in the aquaculture industry. Previous pharmacokinetic studies of OTC have been conducted in cold water and warm water species of fish. However, no pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted on a cool water species such as yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The yellow perch is a cool water game and commercial species with high aquaculture potential. The pharmacokinetic profiles of oxytetracycline (OTC) was determined by measuring plasma concentrations in yellow perch following intraperitoneal (i.p.), intramuscular (i.m.), per os (p.o.), and intracardiac (i.c.) administration at a single dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Using a modification of a high-performance-liquid-chromatographic (HPLC) technique, the plasma OTC concentrations were determined for each of the four routes of administration. Plasma concentrations were also evaluated in yellow perch exposed to a static 48-hour OTC water bath (100 mg/l). The terminal half-lives (t1/2) of OTC in yellow perch for i.p., i.m., p.o., and i.c. administrations were 112, 124, 50, and 28 h, respectively. The t1/2 for the i.m. route of administration was significantly longer than in any of the published i.m. OTC fish studies to date. However, the times of maximum OTC concentration (tmax) for the i.p., i.m. and p.o. administrations (2, 4, and 15 h, respectively) occurred relatively early in the plasma concentration-time curves. This suggests, that in yellow perch, OTC is initially absorbed very rapidly. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) for the i.p., i.m., p.o., and i.c. routes of administration were 1718, 2659, 383, and 134 mcg·h/ml, respectively. No OTC was detected in the plasma of yellow perch following the water bath route of exposure. Finally, in yellow perch, effective therapy (plasma OTC concentrations above MIC values for most bacteria pathogenic to fish â 4 mcg/ml) would be achieved for up to 168 hours following a single i.p. or i.m. injection of 50 mg/kg and for up to 15 hours following a single p.o dose of 50 mg/kg.
Master of Science
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6

Užkurytė, Ernesta. "Transporto logistika UAB „Volvina“." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130821_114805-86681.

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Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe atliekamas UAB „Volvina“ transporto logistikos veiklos vertinimas. Darbą sudaro dvi pagrindinės dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje apžvelgiama transporto logistika teoriniu aspektu: apibrėžiamos logistikos, jos sistemų ir transporto logistikos sampratos, pateikiama informacija apie maršrutų planavimą ir svarbą bei transporto įmonių veiklos efektyvumą. Antroje praktinėje darbo dalyje pateikiama UAB „Volvina“ charakteristika ir UAB „Volvina“ transporto logistikos vertinimas: transporto priemonių ir krovinių gabenimo paslaugos analizė bei maršrutų planavimo ir transportavimo procesų vertinimas. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos, kurios leidžia spręsti apie UAB „Volvina“ vykdomos veiklos efektyvumą ir siūlomus pokyčius gerinant įmonės darbo kokybę.
The Bachelor's paper performs an assessment of the transport logistics activity of the company Volvina, UAB. The paper consists of two parts. The first part provides an overview of the transport logistics in the theoretical aspect: defines the conceptions of logistics, its systems and transport logistics, provides the information about route planning and its importance and the efficiency of transport companies' performance. The second practical part of the paper presents the characteristic of the company Volvina, UAB and the assessment of transport logistics of the company Volvina, UAB: an analysis of vehicles and freight services, and the evaluation of route planning and transportation processes. At the end of the paper, we have presented the conclusions and recommendations that allow judging about the effectiveness of the activities performed by the company Volvina, UAB and the proposed changes on improvement of the company's performance. The aim of the research is to assess the transport logistics activities of the company Volvina, UAB.
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7

Mohlin, Henrik, and Fazila Muratovic. "Crossing borders despite conflict : The role of communication routes." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1419.

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Can cross-border interaction: interpersonal, economic, and otherwise, help ease relations between neighbouring political entities facing conflicts of interest and other differences?

1. How and why are border crossing communication routes created and maintained?

2. Under what circumstances are they used and how?

3. In what ways do they alter the conditions of a conflict between the parties that they link?

4. How do governments relate to the communication route and in what ways do they fit it into their policies?

Seeking to reconcile the theories of the international system advanced by Hedley Bull and John W. Burton, we conduct a comparative case study, based on contemporary media and scholarship, of the situations regarding Senegal and the Gambia, as well as the two de facto (if not de jure) republics of Cyprus to answer these questions. Having sought to estimate the causes and effects of border crossing, we find that host factors, in particular divergent economies and the utilization of international partners, may in fact come to stem from the issues of border-crossing activity and contribute to complicating existing conflicts rather than resolve them.

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Costa, Patricia Quirino da. "TraduÃÃo de instrumento para avaliar a nÃo adesÃo das mÃes ao tratamento de seus filhos com doenÃas crÃnicas e identificaÃÃo das possÃveis dificuldades que as mÃes enfrentam para obter e administrar medicamentos aos seus filhos no domicÃlio." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8612.

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TRADUÃÃO DE INSTRUMENTO PARA AVALIAR A NÃO ADESÃO DAS MÃES AO TRATAMENTO DE SEUS FILHOS COM DOENÃAS CRÃNICAS E IDENTIFICAÃÃO DAS POSSÃVEIS DIFICULDADES QUE AS MÃES ENFRENTAM PARA OBTER E ADMINISTRAR MEDICAMENTOS AOS SEUS FILHOS NO DOMICÃLIO Autora: PatrÃcia Quirino da Costa. Orientador: Ãlvaro Jorge Madeiro Leite. Tese de doutorado em SaÃde Coletiva. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade Federal do CearÃ,2012 Muitas crianÃas portadoras de doenÃas crÃnicas necessitam uso continuo de medicamentos para o controle da patologia. A adesÃo ao tratamento à um ponto crucial para se conseguir esse controle e diversos fatores tem sido identificados para a nÃo adesÃo em crianÃas, dentre estes a carÃncia de formulaÃÃes adequadas à faixa etÃria. O Beliefs and Behaviour Questionnaire avalia a nÃo adesÃo ao tratamento medicamentoso em adultos com doenÃa crÃnica. Apresenta 30 itens em 3 subseÃÃes: convicÃÃes, experiÃncias e comportamentos, e permite identificar fatores relacionados à nÃo adesÃo. Na crianÃa, o medicamento à administrado quase sempre por um cuidador, em geral a mÃe. O objetivo do trabalho foi adaptar culturalmente e validar o BBQ para avaliar a nÃo adesÃo das mÃes/cuidadores ao tratamento dos seus filhos com doenÃas crÃnicas, e conhecer em profundidade as dificuldades enfrentadas no tratamento domiciliar. Etapas da adaptaÃÃo: traduÃÃo, sÃntese das traduÃÃes e adaptaÃÃo cultural, retraduÃÃo, revisÃo tÃcnica, prÃ-teste. ValidaÃÃo feita pela AnÃlise dos Componentes Principais, aplicando o instrumento a 28 cuidadores de crianÃas portadoras de doenÃa crÃnica que estavam internadas em hospital estadual de referÃncia pediÃtrica, em Fortaleza, identificados sequencialmente; seguido-se visita domiciliar 30-40 dias pÃs-alta hospitalar. Aos mesmos cuidadores (acrescidos de dois) foi aplicado um questionÃrio semiestruturado onde se investigava as dificuldades encontradas na busca e administraÃÃo dos medicamentos prescritos na alta hospitalar. Os dados descritivos obtidos foram quantificados por estatÃsticas simples. As entrevistas foram gravadas, decupadas e analisadas qualitativamente com apoio na fenomenologia. O questionÃrio final BBQ-Br possui 24 itens divididos em 3 seÃÃes como no original; apresentou alta confiabilidade, verificada atravÃs da anÃlise da consistÃncia interna, e valores de alfa Cronbach elevados para todas as subseÃÃes. Os itens foram agrupados em cada seÃÃo como no artigo referÃncia e apresentaram elevada correlaÃÃo entre si, avaliada pelo teste de esfericidade de Bartlett. Participaram do estudo descritivo 30 cuidadores (26 mÃes, 2 pais, 1 tia e 1 avÃ), com grau de escolaridade predominante âensino fundamental incompletoâ e residÃncia em Ãreas pobres da cidade. Dos 25 cuidadores que buscaram medicamentos no SUS apenas 4 receberam todos os itens prescritos e 21 (70%) adquiriram algum medicamento em farmÃcias privadas. Principais dificuldades na administraÃÃo de medicamentos: sabor desagradÃvel, necessidade de partiÃÃo e dureza de comprimidos, ausÃncia de dispositivo dosador. EstratÃgias mais utilizadas: diluiÃÃo ou dissoluÃÃo em Ãgua com aÃÃcar; forÃar a deglutir. No estudo qualitativo foram identificadas dificuldades de compreensÃo das orientaÃÃes mÃdicas e na obtenÃÃo de medicamentos incluindo: desabastecimento das unidades de saÃde; medicamentos entregues fora da embalagem primÃria, sem bula, sem dispositivos para administraÃÃo e sem orientaÃÃo para o uso adequado. A mÃe procura cumprir a prescriÃÃo mÃdica, embora nÃo compreenda bem o seu significado, mas, diante das dificuldades toma decisÃes cujo alcance nÃo conhece, por exemplo, interromper um tratamento. A informaÃÃo adequada e facilidade de administraÃÃo sÃo fatores limitantes para que esse papel possa ser bem desempenhado. O questionÃrio BBQBr à potencialmente Ãtil para a identificar o potencial de nÃo adesÃo e os fatores envolvidos, fac
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9

Steagall, Paulo Vinicius Mortensen [UNESP]. "Efeitos antinociceptivos dose-resposta e de diferentes vias de administração da buprenorfina em felinos domésticos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104001.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 steagall_pvm_dr_botfm.pdf: 393562 bytes, checksum: 5728f72f985284dda5f8f079a19a7e0a (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos antinociceptivos da buprenorfina em gatos, quando administrada em diferentes doses pela via intravenosa (IV), e também por diferentes vias de administração, por meio da mensuração do limiar nociceptivo térmico (LNT) e mecânico (LNM) num estudo cruzado, cego e aleatório. O estímulo nociceptivo térmico (LNT) foi realizado por meio de um dispositivo justaposto a um mangüito de pressão neonatal, posicionado ao redor do tórax do gato por uma cinta elástica. O estímulo nociceptivo mecânico foi realizado por meio de um bracelete de plástico, colocado ao redor do antebraço do gato. Na primeira fase, após as mensurações basais dos LNT e LNM, oito gatos (3,8±0,6kg) receberam buprenorfina (IV) nas doses de 0,01 (B1), 0,02 (B2) e 0,04 (B4) mg/kg. As mensurações foram feitas até 10h após cada tratamento. Na segunda fase, após as mensurações basais dos LNT, seis gatos (4,1±0,5kg) receberam buprenorfina (0,02 mg/kg) pelas vias IV, intramuscular (IM) e subcutânea (SC). As mensurações foram realizadas até 24h após cada tratamento. Na terceira fase, após as mensurações basais dos LNT e LNM, oito gatos (4,7±1,5kg) receberam buprenorfina (0,02 mg/kg) pela via epidural, por meio de uma via de acesso vascular implantada cirurgicamente antes do início do estudo. As mensurações foram realizadas até 24h após cada tratamento. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA (P<0,05). Os LNT e LNM acima do intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), gerados pelos valores basais, indicaram antinocicepção. Na primeira fase, os LNT e os LNM aumentaram significativamente entre 15min e 4h (LNT) após B1, entre 15min e 2h e aos 15 e 45min após B2, e entre 15min e 8h, exceto às 4h, e entre 30min e 2h, após B4, respectivamente. Aos 45min, os LNM foram significativamente maiores em B2 quando comparados a B1. As médias dos LNT e dos LNM ficaram...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine in cats after intravenous (IV) administration of different doses and after different routes of administration, by means of measuring thermal (TT) and mechanical (MT) nociceptive thresholds, in a randomized, blinded and crossover study. Thermal stimulation was given via a probe, attached to an elasticated band and positioned around the cat’s thorax with an inflated modified neonatal cuff. Mechanical stimulation was given via a plastic bracelet with a modified neonatal cuff, taped around the cat’s antebrachium. In the first phase, after MT and TT baseline recordings, eight cats (3.8±0.6kg) were given 0.01 (B1), 0.02 (B2) and 0.04 (B4) mg/kg of buprenorphine IV. Thresholds were measured until 10h after administration of treatments. In the second phase, after TT baseline recordings, buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) was administered to six cats (4.1±0.5kg) by the IV, intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) routes. Threshold measurements were performed up to 24h after treatments. In the third phase, after TT and MT baseline recordings, eight cats (4.7±1.5kg) received buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg), through a vascular access port that had been surgically implanted in the epidural space. TT and MT were measured up to 24h after each treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (P<0.05). A 95% confidence interval (IC95%) was generated by the baseline values. Thresholds above IC95% indicated antinociception. In the first phase, compared to baseline, TT were significantly increased between 15min and 4h after B1, between 15min and 2h after B2, and between 15min and 8h, expect at 4h, after B4. MT was significantly increased at 15 and 45min after B2 and between 30min and 2h after B4. At 45min, MT were significantly higher in B2 compared to B1. Mean TT were above the IC95% from 15min to 10h in all groups. Mean MT were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Demse, Habtesilase Ketema. "Challenges of Multimodal Transport Services:The Case of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Service Enterprise : Ethiopia- Sweden-Denmark and UK trade routes operation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79286.

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Abstract Purpose: is to identify the challenges of multimodal transport service of ESLSE in the Europe trade routes operation from origin up to destination and to analyze the contribution of network partners to ESLSE solving these challenges.   Design\Data collection\Approach: This thesis relied on qualitative research design in order to identify the key challenges of multimodal transport services and to show how the network partners contribute to solving these challenges. Moreover, to achieve the objective of the study, semi structure interviews were used, and the responses from 14 experts were analyzed.   Theoretical framework: The theoretical base and concepts are used to determine the theoretical boundaries of the research. It provides an overview of the literature that exists in the challenges of multimodal transport services. The theoretical framework firstly encompassed the logistics performance and personnel, followed by the description of multimodal transport services, customs facilitation, ICT, infrastructure, network partner integration and port administration. Lastly, theoretical synthesis is developed that are identified from the theory to demonstrate the interrelationship between individual concepts.   Findings: The findings of this study revealed that multimodal transport service was impacted by a number of challenges even if the network partners contributed some solutions. The results of the study showed that the lack of skilled logistics personnel; poor ICT system; lack of integration between network partners; lack of effective infrastructure; inadequate and ineffective capacity of trucks; material theft; corruption; security risk; lack of prompt response in the operation between network partners; monopoly of the operation by ESLSE; and lack of quality of transported cargo are the main challenges for multimodal transport services. Managerial implication: For managers of network partners, it is recommended that they should be aware that the challenge of multimodal transport service is the result of poor ICT systems; lack of integration between network partners; lack of effective infrastructure; lack of skilled logistic personnel; inadequate and ineffective capacity of trucks; material theft; corruption; security risk; lack of quality of transported cargo; and lack of prompt response in the operation between the network partners Hence, they should take action to solve the problems by integrating with shipping agents and steering committees such as customers office, transport minister, and maritime authority. Moreover, the shipping agents managers can use the results of the study to enhance their contribution in order to solve the challenges of multimodal transport services by communicating with the ESLSE.   Limitations: The small sample size without adequately diverse geographical spread and sample of shipping agents and dry ports since the study is only limited to Europe trade routes and it did not take in to consideration other continents like Africa and Asia which could have given additional information on the topic. The sample of shipping agent and dry ports was limited with 3 out of 11 and 3 out of 7 respectively.   Originality\Value: This thesis is one of the first to analyze the challenges of multimodal transport in the case of Ethiopia to Europe trade operation by interviewing both the ESLSE and shipping agents.
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11

Steagall, Paulo Vinicius Mortensen. "Efeitos antinociceptivos dose-resposta e de diferentes vias de administração da buprenorfina em felinos domésticos /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104001.

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Orientador: Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna
Banca: André Leguthe
Banca: Renata Navarro Cassu
Banca: Juliana Brondani
Banca: Guilherme Barros
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos antinociceptivos da buprenorfina em gatos, quando administrada em diferentes doses pela via intravenosa (IV), e também por diferentes vias de administração, por meio da mensuração do limiar nociceptivo térmico (LNT) e mecânico (LNM) num estudo cruzado, cego e aleatório. O estímulo nociceptivo térmico (LNT) foi realizado por meio de um dispositivo justaposto a um mangüito de pressão neonatal, posicionado ao redor do tórax do gato por uma cinta elástica. O estímulo nociceptivo mecânico foi realizado por meio de um bracelete de plástico, colocado ao redor do antebraço do gato. Na primeira fase, após as mensurações basais dos LNT e LNM, oito gatos (3,8±0,6kg) receberam buprenorfina (IV) nas doses de 0,01 (B1), 0,02 (B2) e 0,04 (B4) mg/kg. As mensurações foram feitas até 10h após cada tratamento. Na segunda fase, após as mensurações basais dos LNT, seis gatos (4,1±0,5kg) receberam buprenorfina (0,02 mg/kg) pelas vias IV, intramuscular (IM) e subcutânea (SC). As mensurações foram realizadas até 24h após cada tratamento. Na terceira fase, após as mensurações basais dos LNT e LNM, oito gatos (4,7±1,5kg) receberam buprenorfina (0,02 mg/kg) pela via epidural, por meio de uma via de acesso vascular implantada cirurgicamente antes do início do estudo. As mensurações foram realizadas até 24h após cada tratamento. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA (P<0,05). Os LNT e LNM acima do intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), gerados pelos valores basais, indicaram antinocicepção. Na primeira fase, os LNT e os LNM aumentaram significativamente entre 15min e 4h (LNT) após B1, entre 15min e 2h e aos 15 e 45min após B2, e entre 15min e 8h, exceto às 4h, e entre 30min e 2h, após B4, respectivamente. Aos 45min, os LNM foram significativamente maiores em B2 quando comparados a B1. As médias dos LNT e dos LNM ficaram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine in cats after intravenous (IV) administration of different doses and after different routes of administration, by means of measuring thermal (TT) and mechanical (MT) nociceptive thresholds, in a randomized, blinded and crossover study. Thermal stimulation was given via a probe, attached to an elasticated band and positioned around the cat's thorax with an inflated modified neonatal cuff. Mechanical stimulation was given via a plastic bracelet with a modified neonatal cuff, taped around the cat's antebrachium. In the first phase, after MT and TT baseline recordings, eight cats (3.8±0.6kg) were given 0.01 (B1), 0.02 (B2) and 0.04 (B4) mg/kg of buprenorphine IV. Thresholds were measured until 10h after administration of treatments. In the second phase, after TT baseline recordings, buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) was administered to six cats (4.1±0.5kg) by the IV, intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) routes. Threshold measurements were performed up to 24h after treatments. In the third phase, after TT and MT baseline recordings, eight cats (4.7±1.5kg) received buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg), through a vascular access port that had been surgically implanted in the epidural space. TT and MT were measured up to 24h after each treatment. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (P<0.05). A 95% confidence interval (IC95%) was generated by the baseline values. Thresholds above IC95% indicated antinociception. In the first phase, compared to baseline, TT were significantly increased between 15min and 4h after B1, between 15min and 2h after B2, and between 15min and 8h, expect at 4h, after B4. MT was significantly increased at 15 and 45min after B2 and between 30min and 2h after B4. At 45min, MT were significantly higher in B2 compared to B1. Mean TT were above the IC95% from 15min to 10h in all groups. Mean MT were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Carrignon, David. "Gouvernance et démarches de conception des réseaux routiers urbains : les exemples de Paris et Londres." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA3006/document.

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Le réseau routier est un outil technique ancré dans son territoire. Sa conception, sa construction et son entretien sonttraditionnellement vus comme étant le reflet des conditions géographiques et économiques du milieu. Ce doctoratanalyse l’impact du contexte réglementaire et administratif du réseau sur les choix techniques effectués.La comparaison de l’évolution des réseaux de transport urbains au XXème siècle dans les régions londonienne etparisienne montre en effet des divergences importantes. Cependant, une forte continuité historique existe, aussi bien enFrance qu’au Royaume-Uni, dans la sélection des solutions techniques adoptées. Ce travail de doctorat identifie le faitque cette stabilité est le reflet de la stabilité du cadre légal. L’analyse historique effectuée exclue clairement l’approcheinstitutionnaliste du comportement des administrations et entreprises en charge du réseau. En effet, au cours de cettelongue période, ces dernières ont beaucoup changé, les personnels aussi, mais les réactions des agents demeurent trèssimilaires.Depuis les années 1990, les administrations et institutions en charge du réseau ont été profondément réformées. Cesréformes ont été menées sur fond de crise financière, de baisse dramatique du retour sur investissement desinfrastructures routières et de la chute partielle de compétitivité du mode de transport automobile.Ces réformes conservent des spécificités nationales fortes mais la seule explication trouvée à leur cohérence globale estle fait que le réseau routier ne peut plus être considéré comme une défaillance du marché. Les outils de collecte depaiement à l’usage existent, sont de plus en plus couramment utilisés, et il serait logique de voir l’infrastructure routièreentrer rapidement dans le cadre des autres industries de réseau
A road network is an infrastructure rooted in its territory. Its design, construction and maintenance are traditionally seenas mostly conditioned by the local physical environment and its economic conditions. This doctorate however analysesthe impact of the regulatory and administrative environment on design choices.An included historical comparison between London and Paris XX century urban networks highlights very different trendsin design choices. However, consistent decision making patterns have developed independently over time in the Britishand French networks. This doctorate demonstrates that these decision making biases are dictated by the legal frameworkof each country, which constrains government’s ability to take part in the road network development process. Becauseadministrative structures have significantly changed over time, they cannot explain the observed consistency.Since the 1990’s, urban transport network administrations and institutions have been profoundly reformed. These reformshave been made in the context of financial crises, reduction in infrastructure economic return and partial loss ofcompetitiveness of the automobile as a mode of transport.These reforms are different from country to country, but the only identified reason that would explain this trend is the factthat the road infrastructure is no longer a market failure. Pay-per-Use technologies of the road infrastructure are alreadyavailable, and represent a profound change in market structures. Some governments and national administrations arefinding themselves increasingly confined to regulatory duties and it is only logical to expect the road infrastructure totransform itself into a typical utility, operated by private companies
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Johnson, Caroline. "Singing your way into the Consumer's Mind: Music's Impact on Implicit and Explicit Attitudes." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1308275844.

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Magrisso, Alessandra Bileski. "Efeitos do tratamento com células-tronco mesenquimais administradas pelas vias intraperitoneal e intravenosa em modelo experimental de sepse aguda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/105036.

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Muito se tem investido em pesquisa na compreensão dos processos e fenômenos envolvidos nas respostas imunes às infecções e, principalmente, no desenvolvimento de recursos e tecnologias a fim favorecer os avanços no tratamento da sepse. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos anti-inflamatórios das células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs) quando administradas por duas diferentes vias: intraperitoneal (IP) e intravenosa (IV), determinando qual a melhor via de traramento, em modelo experimental murino de sepse. Foram utilizados 31 camundongos da linhagem C57Bl/6 para padronização do modelo de Ligadura e Perfuração do Ceco (CLP). Após os experimentos de estabelecimento do modelo, outros 60 animais foram distribuídos em nove grupos: grupo CONTROLE, grupo sepse sem tratamento (SEPSE), grupo SHAM, grupo sepse com administração de PBS via IV (SEPSE PBS IV), grupo sham com administração de PBS via IV (SHAM PBS IV), grupo sham com administração de MSCs via IV (SHAM MSC IV), grupo sham com administração de MSCs via IP (SHAM MSC IP), grupo sepse com administração de MSCs via IP (SEPSE MSC IP) e grupo sepse com administração de MSCs via IV (SEPSE MSC IV). Transcorridas 6 horas da indução da sepse pelo modelo CLP, padronizado com oclusão total do ceco seguida de uma única punctura com agulha 18G, os animais receberam o tratamento de acordo com o grupo que compunham. Após 24 horas do procedimento cirúrgico, procedeu-se a eutanásia dos animais para coleta dos órgãos, sangue e fluidos peritoneais. As amostras foram analisadas quanto aos parâmetros histológicos, hematológicos e inflamatórios, respectivamente. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que: 1) O modelo CLP padronizado com oclusão total do ceco e uma punctura com agulha 18G induziu sepse aguda nos animais; 2) A administração das MSCs via IP foi atenuadamente mais eficaz na redução da concentração de leucócitos hematológicos e no quadro de trombocitopenia instalado nos animais com sepse induzida; 3) A injeção IP das MSCs diminuiu, com maior eficiência, a infiltração de células inflamatórias na região abdominal dos animais doentes. 4) As citocinas IL-6, TNF-α e IL- 10 obtiveram queda de suas concentrações séricas com a terapia nos animais dos grupos submetidos à indução da sepse. 5) O tratamento com MSCs melhorou o grau de peritonite, necrose e ulcerações observadas na histologia do ceco dos animais, com melhores resultados encontrados no grupo SEPSE MSC IP.
Much has been invested on research regarding comprehension of the processes and phenomena that are involved in immune responses to infections and mainly on resources and technologies development in order to support advances in the treatment of sepsis. This study has been performed in order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) when administered by two different routes: intraperitoneal (IP) and intravenous (IV), to determine which is the best treatment route, in an experimental murine model of sepsis. Thirty-one C57Bl/6 strain mice have been used to standardize the Cecal Ligation and Perforation (CLP) model. After the establishment of CLP, 60 animals were allocated into nine groups: CONTROL group, sepsis group without treatment (SEPSE), SHAM group, sepsis group with intravenously administration of PBS (SEPSE PBS IV), sham group with intravenously administration of PBS (SHAM PBS IV), sham group with intravenously administration of MSCs (SHAM MSC IV), sham group with intraperitoneal administration of MSCs (SHAM MSC IP), sepsis group with intraperitoneal administration of MSCs (SEPSE MSC IP), and sepsis group with intravenously administration of MSCs (SEPSE MSC IV). 6 hours after the induction of sepsis by CLP model, standardized with total occlusion followed by a single cecal puncture with a 18G needle, the animals received the treatment according to the group they belonged to. 24 hours after the surgical procedure the animals were sacrificed in order to get the organs, blood and peritoneal fluid. The samples were analyzed for histological, haematological and inflammatory parameters, respectively. Basing on the results it was concluded that:1) The CLP model standardized with total occlusion followed by a single cecal puncture with a 18G needle induced acute sepsis in the animals; 2) The intraperitoneal administration of MSCs was slightly better in reducing the hematological concentration of leukocytes and the installed picture of thrombocytopenia in sepsis groups; 3) the intraperitoneal injection of MSCs decreased, with greater efficiency, the inflammatory cells infiltration in the abdominal cavity of sepsis groups. 4) The IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines had their serum concentrations decline with therapy, in the groups subjected to induction of sepsis. 5) Treatment with MSCs improved the severity of peritonitis, necrosis and ulceration observed in cecum histology, with better results in the SEPSIS MSC IP group.
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15

Kim, Daebo. "La gestion routière du département de la Haute-Garonne 1790-1796." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H116.

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Cette thèse porte sur la gestion des routes du département de la Haute-Garonne de 1790 à 1796. Dans ce département né du nouvel ordre territorial et administratif qui s’impose en France en 1790 et formé d’une partie de deux anciennes provinces hétérogènes, la Guyenne et le Languedoc, l’administration locale se voit confier le rôle de maintenir les infrastructures de transport en bon état. Pour ce faire, elle doit faire face aux nombreuses difficultés qui peuvent empêcher localement l’exécution des travaux routiers. Ses compétences à cet égard dépendant étroitement du degré de centralisation de l’administration centrale des ponts et chaussées, composée du ministre de l’Intérieur et du Corps des Ponts et Chaussées. Au cours de la Révolution française, ce jeu de pouvoir entre Paris et le département subit l’influence des contextes national et local, tels que les crises politiques ou la guerre. Le pouvoir local ne peut prendre les mesures qu’il juge nécessaire pour assurer la bonne gestion de son réseau routier que dans les limites de la politique routière imposée par Paris
This thesis is a study of the management of roads in the “département” of Haute-Garonne between 1790 and 1796. This “département” had been created as a part of the new territorial and administrative order in France established in 1790, and it was made from parts of two former different provinces, Guyenne and Languedoc. In Haute-Garonne the local administration was entrusted with the role of maintaining the infrastructures for transport. To this end the “département” had to face various difficulties that could impede the execution of road works in the locality. Its powers in this respect depended closely on the degree of centralization of the national administration of roads and bridges, an administration composed of the Minister of the Interior and the “Corps des Ponts et Chaussées”. During the French Revolution this power relationship between Paris and Haute-Garonne was dictated by a combination of national and local contexts, including political crises and war. The local authorities could take measures they deemed necessary to ensure the proper management of their road networks only when these were within the limits set by the road policy decided on by the national authorities in Paris
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16

Hansson, Alexander, and Andreas Petersson. "Mappningsstrategi på IKEA:s CDC-lager i Torsvik." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industrial Engineering and Management, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-939.

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This study has been assigned by Bengt Hellman who works at the logistic department at IKEA Torsvik just outside of Jönköping. The task has been to develop a new picking strategy for the Oversize area in the CDC-Warehouse. The reason why IKEA wants a new strategy is because they want to minimize the route length for the forklifts when collecting the orders.

By evaluating the current strategies on other areas in the CDC-storehouse, study literature within this subject and look at restrictions for the storing of goods, we have analyzed how the Oversize area works today. We compared the gathered information, to how it should be done according to the literature to be able to work out a new functional strategy.

Today, IKEA does not have a working strategy for the oversize area because of lack of time and because all the power has been put on other areas were sales rates are currently higher. This have led to lack of organisation at the Oversize area and items are just put were there is space without first analysing were it should be placed.

The strategy that we have worked out and introduced to IKEA builds on easiness of understanding the layout, the employees shall know why an item is placed where it is. We have also analyzed which items that are frequently ordered with each other. We have put weight on trying to keep those items as close as we can to minimize the route length for the forklifts. To help IKEA with reorganizations in the future we have made it as easy as we could to move high- and low frequently items around and also introducing new articles in the storehouse, this by the reason that sales rate can change drastically when a new sales campaign is initiated by IKEA


Detta examensarbete är utfört på önskemål av Bengt Hellman som arbetar på logistikavdelningen på IKEA Torsvik utanför Jönköping. Arbetet har gått ut på att ta fram ett nytt förslag på hur de skall placera sina artiklar på plocknivå (vad IKEA kallar för mappning) inne på Oversize avdelningen på IKEA:s CDC-lager. Anledningen till detta är att IKEA vill minska sina körsträckor för plockarna inne på lagret och därmed öka effektiviteten.

Genom att studera befintliga mappningsstrategier som redan finns på övriga avdelningar på CDC-lagret, litteraturstudier och titta på vilka begränsningar som finns inne på lagret så har vi analyserat nuläget mot teori för att sedan kunna ta fram en ny strategi för hur en fungerande mappning skulle kunna se ut.

I dag så finns det inte någon väl utarbetat strategi för mappningen på Oversize avdelningen, detta på grund av att andra avdelningar prioriterats på grund av att de säljer mycket mer i dagsläget. Detta har även medfört att den huvudsakliga uppdelning som fanns tidigare på Oversize avdelningen med affärsområden har fått stå åt sidan på grund av tidsbrist och artiklar har placerats in där det finns plats istället för att analysera var de kan placeras bäst.

Det nya förslaget som vi presenterar för IKEA bygger på att det skall vara enkelt att förstå layouten, plockarna skall veta varför en artikel finns där den finns. Vi har även tagit stor hänsyn till vad som säljs med vad och försökt placera dessa artiklar i närheten av varandra för att på så sätt minska körsträckorna. Vi har även haft i åtanke att det skall vara enkelt att placera om hög och lågfrekventa artiklar samt nyheter inne på lagret då försäljningsvolym påverkas väldigt mycket utav olika kampanjer som IKEA har.

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17

Nakhla, Mohamed. "Déterminismes cachés et mécanismes de choix dans le système politico-administratif local : cas de la programmation des routes départementales." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0170.

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La participation de l'auteur a un groupe de reflexion, en 1987, sur les techniques de la route lui a permis de s'orienter vers l'etude du processus de decision et de choix des travaux au niveau local, particulierement departemental. Cette orientation de la reflexion a suscite une interrogation qui est au centre de ce travail: quelle est la nature du processus de decision observe? quel role peut avoir un outil d'aide a la decision au niveau local et, plus generalement, dans le processus de programmation et de choix des travaux sur le reseau departemental? une analyse detaillee des choix effectues depuis une dizaine d'annees et leur comparaison a une simulation de programmation elaboree avec les decideurs selon le principe de la recherche-intervention, fournissent des elements de reponse: vu de plus pres, le processus de decision s'apparente a des automatismes de gestion et de programmation qui sont parfaitement logiques au niveau local, mais dont les consequences globales peuvent echapper totalement a la volonte des decideurs. Finalement, il semble que les differents decideurs ne soient pas simplement definis par rapport a un systeme de jugement qui s'impose a eux, mais aussi par rapport a l'ensemble des moyens de leurs pratiques habituelles, qui incluent leurs objectifs institues, le savoir qu'ils mobilisent et aussi leur culture professionnelle. Ce systeme de jugement conduit a des automatismes de choix, mais aussi a un processus de definition des priorites, deterministe et relativement previsible, sur le reseau. Dans ce cadre deterministe, l'auteur examine les chances de reussite des differentes possibilites de modelisation des choix des travaux et esquisse quelques conditions pour ameliorer le processus existant et prevenir ses effets indesirables
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18

Kelly, Joseph Pierre. "Route to administrative licensure perceptions of preparation regarding traditional and examination route assistant principals /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1971755291&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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19

Gonçalves, Fabiany da Costa. "Análise do efeito anti-inflamatório do transplante de células-tronco mesenquimais por duas vias de infusão para modelo murino de colite ulcerativa aguda." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88423.

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A terapia celular utilizando células tronco-mesenquimais (MSCs) surge como alternativa para o tratamento das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII). Atualmente, os métodos terapêuticos consistem principalmente na utilização de fármacos que visam produzir e manter estados de remissão da colite ulcerativa e, muitas vezes, apresentam efeitos colaterais. Considerando a capacidade de modular células do sistema imune e de regenerar tecidos doentes, as MSCs podem ser consideradas uma alternativa para o tratamento de DII, como a colite ulcerativa. Além disso, muito tem se investigado a respeito do homing de MSCs exógenas infundidas por diversas vias em resposta a um insulto inflamatório e tem-se visto a capacidade de migração para tecidos afetados. A primeira etapa do trabalho consistiu na caracterização e desenvolvimento do modelo animal de colite ulcerativa aguda. Para isso, foram testados diferentes pesos moleculares e concentrações do reagente Dextran Sulfato de Sódio (DSS), a fim de verificar qual o melhor método de indução da doença. Após determinar o adequado modelo animal, que utilizou 2% DSS (36 000 – 50 000 Da), foi iniciado o experimento de terapia celular. Na tentativa de compreender como as MSCs podem influenciar a inflamação intestinal, o estudo avaliou o efeito do transplante de MSCs derivadas do tecido adiposo em duas diferentes vias de infusão, intraperitoneal e intravenosa, em modelo murino experimental de colite aguda. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: atividade clínica da doença, aspecto macroscópico e histopatológico do cólon, dosagem de citocinas inflamatórias, taxas de apoptose e parâmetros de estresse oxidativo. Os resultados obtidos no trabalho mostraram que o transplante celular intravenoso melhorou a severidade clínica de colite, como perda de peso, diarreia e presença de sangue nas fezes. Na avaliação histológica, observou-se a diminuição da inflamação colônica através da redução de perda de criptas e de infiltração de células inflamatórias. Ainda, os fatores secretados pelas MSCs parecem poder reduzir os níveis de IL-6 e aumentar os níveis de IL-10 e IL-4 do soro. Um aumento de células apoptóticas foi observado nos animais tratados com MSCs por via intravenosa, sugerindo que as MSCs induzem morte celular em células T resistentes à apoptose. Além disso, a terapia intravenosa foi capaz de aumentar os níveis de glutationa reduzida, um importante antioxidante natural, revertendo o dano causado pelo estresse oxidativo no cólon. Em conjunto, nossos resultados demonstram que a melhor via para a terapia celular na colite ulcerativa foi a intravenosa e que o tratamento proposto foi eficaz no que se refere à redução da inflamação do cólon.
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is an alternative for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Currently, therapeutic methods consist primarily on the use of drugs which aim to produce and maintain state of ulcerative colitis remission and often present side effects. Considering the ability to modulate the immune system cells and regenerate injuried tissues, MSCs can be considered an alternative for treating IBD, such as ulcerative colitis. Moreover, there is many research investigating the homing of exogenous MSCs infused through different routes in response to an inflammatory insult, and has demonstrated the migration capacity of these cells into the affected tissues. The first stage of this study consisted in the characterization and development of acute animal model of ulcerative. For this, different molecular weights and concentrations of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) reagent were tested in order to verify the best method for disease induction. After determining the appropriate animal model, that uses 2% DSS (36000-50000 Da), the cell therapy experiment was initiated. In an attempt to understand how MSCs can influence intestinal inflammation, the study evaluated the effect of MSCs transplantation using two different infusion routes, intraperitoneal and intravenous, in an acute colitis murine model. The following parameters were evaluated: clinical disease activity, colon macroscopic and histological analysis, serum inflammatory cytokine, determination apoptosis rates and oxidative stress parameters. Results show that MSC intravenous transplantation has improved the clinical severity of colitis, such as weight loss, diarrhea, and blood stool. Histological evaluation demonstrated a decreased colonic inflammation by reducing colonic crypt loss and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Also, MSCs secreted factors which seem to reduce levels of IL-6 and increase levels of IL-10 and IL-4 in the serum. In addition, an increase of apoptotic cells was observed in animals treated with intravenous MSCs, suggesting that MSCs induce cell death in T cells resistant to apoptosis. Furthermore, intravenous therapy was able to increase the levels of reduced glutathione, an important natural antioxidant, reversing the damage caused by oxidative stress in the colon. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the best route for cell therapy in ulcerative colitis was intravenous and the proposed treatment was effective with regards to reducing colon inflammation.
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20

Alhadj, Ali Mohammad. "Optimising the dermal administration route of antigen-specific immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.768196.

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21

Cvitkovic, Suzan Stephanie. "The effects of diet and tracer administration route on tryptophan requirements of neonatal piglets." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0001/MQ59794.pdf.

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22

Resende, Ana Paula Simões Nunes de. "Study on erythropoietin subconjunctival administration in a glaucoma animal model." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16041.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias na Especialidade de Clinica
Glaucoma is the number one cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. Death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), which results in the progressive loss of visual function, occurs in glaucoma and other ocular diseases caused by hypoxia and ischemia. Although glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, the only currently method of treatment involves reduction of intraocular pressure and, at the present, there is no effective treatment to prevent RGC apoptosis. Notably, it has been reported that erythropoietin (EPO), a cytokine hormone produced in response to hypoxia, has significant neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties in several types of ocular disorders. Pre-clinical studies in glaucoma animal models involving EPO have yielded very promising results. All studies involving EPO ocular administrations have used systemic, intravitreal or retrobulbar administration to reach retinal desired EPO concentrations. However, EPO chronic systemic administration can lead to adverse side effects related with haematopoiesis stimulation, while intravitreal or retrobulbar administrations are invasive procedures that can induce several complications such as endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, vitreitis, retinitis, choroiditis or cataracts. This thesis aims to clarify if EPO’s neuroprotection could be achieved by a non-invasive and safe periocular administration route without adverse effects. Being so, this work evaluates the subconjunctival route as an alternative for EPO administration in glaucoma disease. After the first in vitro study, where the permeation of EPO across the periocular tissues was quantified, all work was developed in in vivo models. EPO’s ocular permeation after subconjunctival administration was tested, both in physiological and glaucomatous conditions. Furthermore, both retinal morphological and physiological effects of EPO administered by this route were assessed in glaucomatous animals. Results showed that EPO, when administered subconjunctivally, can permeate the main ocular barriers and reach RGC layers, in both physiological and glaucomatous conditions, without significant local or systemic side effects. More than showing that EPO can reach the retina by this route, results also concluded that subconjunctival EPO administration seems to have structural and functional beneficial effects on the retina after glaucoma induction in rats.
RESUMO - Estudo da administração subconjuntival de eritropoietina num modelo animal de glaucoma. - O glaucoma é a principal causa de cegueira irreversível no mundo. A morte das células ganglionares da retina (RGC) causada por hipóxia e isquémia resulta numa progressiva perda de visão. Apesar do glaucoma ser uma doença neurodegenerativa multifatorial, as únicas opções terapêuticas visam o controle da pressão intraocular, não havendo atualmente um tratamento eficaz para prevenir a apoptose das RGC. Estudos recentes demonstraram que a eritropoietina (EPO), uma glicoproteína sintetizada maioritariamente em resposta a estados de hipóxia, tem ação neuroprotetora e neuroregenerativa em várias doenças oculares, tendo revelado resultados promissores em vários modelos animais de glaucoma. Nos estudos experimentais em que a EPO foi utilizada como substância neuroprotetora, foi administrada pelas vias sistémica, intravítrea ou retrobulbar para se obterem concentrações terapêuticas na retina. No entanto, a administração sistémica prolongada de EPO pode produzir efeitos secundários adversos relacionados com o aumento da hematopoiese, enquanto que as administrações intravítrea ou retrobulbar são procedimentos invasivos suscetíveis de causar várias complicações tais como endoftalmite, descolamento de retina, vitreite, retinite, coroidite ou catarata. Esta tese teve por objetivo estudar uma via de administração periocular de EPO não invasiva, segura, eficaz e sem efeitos adversos. Assim, este trabalho avaliou a via subconjuntival como uma alternativa para a administração ocular de EPO em condições de glaucoma. No primeiro estudo in vitro, quantificou-se a permeação da EPO nos tecidos perioculares. O restante trabalho, desenvolvido em modelos in vivo, testou a permeação ocular da EPO após administração subconjuntival, tanto em condições fisiológicas como de glaucoma. O estudo contemplou ainda os efeitos morfológicos e fisiológicos da EPO ao nível da retina em animais glaucomatosos. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que a EPO, quando administrada pela via subconjuntival, pode permear as principais barreiras oculares e atingir as RGC, em ambas as condições testadas, fisiológicas e de glaucoma, sem efeitos adversos locais ou sistémicos apreciáveis. Além disso, revelaram que a administração subconjuntival de EPO parece ter efeitos benéficos estruturais e funcionais na retina após a indução de glaucoma experimental em ratos.
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23

Sharma, Sunita. "The clinical and Pharmacokinetic impact of altering the route of drug administration in obstetrics and gynaecology." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487308.

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The non-oral route of drug administration has been successfully utilised in most areas of medicine. Over time, our understanding of the mechanism of absorption from these routes has expanded and newer agents are constantly being explored. In women's health, the vaginal route is now firmly established as a route of administration for a number of medications. Though the potential of the vaginal route has been known for centuries, its use in clinical practice has been slow to establish. Prostaglandins as a group of drugs highlight this issue quite well. When prostaglandins were introduced to obstetrics and gynaecology in the 1960s, they were initially administered orally or parentally but the side effect profile by these routes limited their routine use in clinical practice. This was however overcom.e by using the vaginal route of administration and it is . now standard that prostaglandins are administered vaginally. Nevertheless, it took 10 years of prostaglandin research prior to the vaginal route being established in normal clinical practice. Since then several oth~r agents are routinely administered by this route and will be discussed during the course of this thesis. Inspired by the success of misoprostol administered through alternative non oral routes, I wanted to study the rationale of administering drugs used in obstetrics and gynaecology by non oral routes and undertook studies designee to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and/or clinical impact of non oral routes for azithromycin, mifepristone and misoprostol. Azithromycin has never been used by the vaginal route while mifepristone administered vaginally has been investigated in one small pharmacokinetic stUdy. Also the pharmacokinetics of the rectal route of misoprostol administration in early pregnancy has never been investigated. Thus the work described in this thesis has aimed to explore the non oral route of drug administration for three commonly used drugs in women's health. The studies undertaken involved 157 women and were done over a period of 30 months. These studies utilised different methodological approaches. Tissue pharmacokinetic assays was used for the assessment of pelvic absorption of azithromycin, clinical assessment was used for vaginal mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol in early medical termination of pregnancy, serum pharmacokinetic assays was used for the systemic absorption of misoprostol by the oral, vaginal and rectal route and objective assessment was used for the cervical priming by misoprostol in one hour.
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24

Challis, Deborah. "Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical studies of novel self-emulsifying systems for administration by the oral route (SEDDS)." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280871.

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25

Lehloenya, KC, and JPC Greyling. "Effect of route of superovulatory gonadotrophin administration on the embryo recovery rate of Boer goat does." Elsevier, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001677.

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Abstract Seventeen Boer goat does were used in this study to compare the effect of an intramuscular or subcutaneous route of administrating a superovulation treatment during the natural breeding season (autumn). The oestrous cycles of all does were synchronised for 17 days using CIDR dispensers and superovulated with pFSH administered in 7 dosages, at 12 h intervals—initiated 48 h prior to CIDR removal. Does were teased to test for the onset of oestrus at 8 h intervals, starting at CIDR removal. All does were cervically inseminated with fresh undiluted Boer goat semen at a fixed time (36 h and 48 h), following CIDR withdrawal. Embryos were surgically flushed on day 6 following the second AI, evaluated and classified according to their morphological appearance. The route of gonadotrophin (pFSH) administration had no effect on the response to oestrous synchronisation. The number of ovulations, structures and embryos recovered and fertilisation rate were also similar via both routes of gonadotrophin administration. The number of unfertilised ova per donor on the other hand, was significantly higher in does administered pFSH using the intramuscular (3.3±4.8), rather than the subcutaneous route (0.3±0.8). However, the number of degenerated embryos was higher when pFSH was administered subcutaneously (5.9±4.5), compared to intramuscularly (2.6±2.3). The overall number of transferable embryos was not affected by the route of gonadotrophin administration. The subcutaneous route of gonadotrophin administration led to a lower number of unfertilised ova, this beneficial effect was negated by an increase in the number of degenerate embryos—resulting in both routes of administration leading to a similar number of transferable embryos. Although no significant differences were found between subcutaneous and intramuscular routes of gonadotrophin administration regarding the number of transferable embryos, the subcutaneous route resulted in lower variances which may indicate a more predictable response.
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26

Cochonneau, Stéphanie. "Modulating hematopoietic progenitor cell engraftment and T cell differentiation : role of conditioning and route of administration." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20226.

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Les déficits lymphocytaires T peuvent être corrigés par l'administration en intraveineuse (IV) de cellules souches hématopoiétiques (CSH) provenant d'un donneur. Dans un modèle d'immunodéficience lié à l'absence de la protéine kinase ZAP-70, notre équipe avait précédemment montré que l'injection intrathymique (IT) de CSH histocompatibles conduit à une reconstitution du compartiment T plus robuste et plus rapide que dans le cas où les CSH sont administrées par voie IV. Au cours de ma thèse, je me suis intéressée à l'approche IT dans un contexte non-histocompatible, où j'ai montré que l'injection de CSH semi-allogéniques directement dans le thymus permet le développement d'une thymopoièse à long-terme, même en absence de conditionnement. De plus, j'ai également montré la persistence de progéniteurs thymiques précoces (ETP) provenant du donneur dans le thymus des souris transplantées. De façon remarquable, ces ETP retiennent un potentiel de différenciation plus divers que ceux rencontrés dans le thymus d'une souris sauvage, et leur fréquence est significativement élévée après IT, ce dernier suggérant une disponibilité accrue des niches thymiques. De façon intéressante, j'ai également montré que les progéniteurs déficients en ZAP-70 pouvaient se différencier de façon importante vers le lignage CD8 lors d'une activation constante de la voie de signalisation Notch couplée à la présence d'interleukine 7 (IL-7). Après la greffe de CSH par voie IV de souris ZAP-70-/-, en absence de conditionnemt, j'ai également identifié l'accumulation d'une population de CSH présentant un phénotype particulier (Lin- Sca 1+ c-kit-), nommée LSAPT. Ces cellules LSAPT présentent un biais de différenciation vers le lignage T γδ ainsi qu'une production élevée d'IL-17, ce qui suggère que les fonctions effectrices d'une cellule T γδ sont dépendantes de leur origine progénitrices. L'ensemble de mes résultats apporte à la fois de nouveaux éléments concernant l'identification de progéniteurs T et démontrent de l'influence/coopération entre voies de signalisation et facteurs environnementaux dans la modulation de la différenciation T et de leur fonctions effectrices
T cell deficiencies can be corrected by the intravenous (IV) injection of donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Using a murine model of ZAP-70-/- deficiency, our group previously showed that the intrathymic (IT) administration of histocompatible HSCs leads to a more robust and long-term thymopoiesis as compared to that achieved by the classical IV route. During my PhD, I found that the direct IT administration of semiallogeneic HSCs results in a sustained donor-derived thymopoiesis, overcoming histocompatibility barriers, even in the absence of conditioning. Furthermore, I found that donor-derived early thymic progenitors (ETPs) persist in the thymi of ZAP-70-/- transplanted mice, and present increased multi-lineage potential as compared to wild-type ETPs. Importantly, the frequency of donor-derived ETPs was augmented following IT transplantation, indicative of an increased progenitor niche. Interestingly, ZAP-70-deficient HSC could themselves be driven to a CD8 lineage fate in an environment where IL-7 potentiates continuous activation of the Notch pathway. Following IV transplantation of donor HSC into non-conditioned ZAP-70-/- mice, I determined that there is an accumulation of lineage-/Sca1+ donor progenitors lacking expression of the stem cell marker c-kit, termed LSAPT. These LSAPT show a biased differentiation towards the γδ T cell lineage with high IL-17-producing effector function, suggesting that progenitor origin regulates γδ T cell fate. The ensemble of my experiments provide new insights into the identity of T lineage progenitors and demonstrate how signaling pathways as well as environmental factors modulate T cell differentiation and effector function
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Wallace, II James Howard. "A Comparison of 2009--2010 Curriculum Test Scores of Students Taught by Alternate Route and Traditional Route Teachers." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/931.

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There is an increase in the popularity of alternative certification programs; however, some administrators are still reluctant to hire these graduates to teach within their schools. With the shortage of certified teachers in Mississippi, some school districts have no choice but to hire alternatively certified teachers. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if students taught by teachers trained in alternative teaching programs had significantly different changes in language arts scores on the Mississippi Curriculum Test 2 nd edition, as compared to fellow students who were taught by teachers trained in traditional teaching programs. Scores from the 2008--2009 Mississippi Curriculum Test 2nd edition were used for base line data. Scores from the 2009--2010 Mississippi Curriculum Test 2 nd edition were used to determine what degree of growth had taken place. The results were analyzed by using the educational software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to conduct independent t tests. Data are presented using descriptive statistics. Results of the t tests confirmed that students taught by both types of teachers had some degree of success. Seventh grade students who were taught by traditional route teachers showed the greatest amount of growth difference. With the continuing debate over teaching certification programs, studies such as this can help create social change by providing statistical evidence of the effectiveness shown by teachers certified through both programs. School officials can use these results to help in making hiring decisions of potential teacher candidates. The end result is to provide students with the best possible teacher regardless of certification type.
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Carone, Gabriela Ferri. "Estudo observacional do uso da hipodermóclise em cuidados paliativos oncológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-30062016-144200/.

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Hipodermóclise (HDC) é uma importante técnica alternativa para a administração de medicamentos e fluidos pela via subcutânea. É usada com frequência para o controle dos sintomas em pacientes em cuidados paliativos com dificuldade de acesso venoso e que são incapazes de tolerar medicação oral. No entanto, raros estudos abordaram o uso da HDC de uma forma global, para reposição hidroeletrolítica e terapia medicamentosa, tanto na forma contínua quanto intermitente, observando detalhes e complicações do seu uso. Os objetivos deste estudo incluíram caracterizar o uso da HDC para administração de medicamentos, soluções e eletrólitos e avaliar as possíveis complicações locais, identificando também outros fatores que influenciam sua ocorrência. Estudo observacional prospectivo com coleta de dados em prontuário e acompanhamento diário de pacientes internados com câncer avançado, da equipe de Cuidados Paliativos do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP) em uso de HDC, verificando local de punção, medicamentos administrados e possíveis complicações, acompanhando os detalhes de seu uso. A análise estatística não-paramétrica e método de regressão logística foram realizados. Foram acompanhados 99 pacientes com 243 punções, das quais 166 (68,3%) em coxa e 46 (18,9%) em abdome. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram morfina em 122 (50,2%) punções, seguido de dipirona em 118 (48,6%) e dexametasona em 86 (35,4%). A solução mais prescrita foi a glicofisiológica em 38 (15,6%) punções, pelo seu aporte calórico. 13,6% das punções (33 de 243) tiveram complicações, sendo apenas seis casos maiores (edema). Complicações ocorreram mais frequentemente até o segundo dia da punção e foram associadas com o número (p=0,007) e o volume (p=0,042) de medicamentos administrados e também com a solução glicofisiológica (p=0,003) e os eletrólitos cloreto de potássio (p=0,037) e cloreto de sódio (p=0,013). Este estudo permitiu o conhecimento de fatores associados a complicações e propõe algumas recomendações, como: individualização da terapia, especialmente relacionada com o volume de escolha, número de medicamentos administrados e evitar a adição de eletrólitos na solução glicofisiológica
Hypodermoclysis (HDC) is an important alternative technique for the administration of drugs and fluids into the subcutaneous tissue. It is frequently used for symptom control in palliative care patients, with difficult venous access and unable to tolerate oral medications. However, few studies address the use of HDC as a whole to fluid replacement and drug therapy, both continuous and intermittent mode, observing details and complications of its use. The objectives of this study included characterizing the use of HDC to administer drugs, solutions and electrolytes and to evaluate possible local complications also identifying other factors influencing their occurrence. Prospective observational study with data collection in medical records and daily monitoring of advanced cancer inpatients of the palliative care team of São Paulo State Cancer Institute (ICESP) in use of HDC, checking infusion site, administered drugs and possible complications, following the details of its use. Non-parametrical statistical analysis and logistic regression were performed. Were followed 99 patients with 243 infusion sites, which 166 (68.3%) in the thigh and 46 (18.9%) in the abdomen. The most commonly used drugs were morphine in 122 (50.2%) infusion sites, followed by dipyrone in 118 (48.6%) and dexamethasone in 86 (35.4%). The most prescribed solution was dextrose 5%/0,9% saline in 38 (15.6%) infusion sites because of its caloric intake. 13.6% of punctures (33 of 243) had complications, only six larger cases (edema). Complications occurred mainly up to the second day of the infusion sites and were associated with the number (p=0,007) and volume (p=0,042) of drugs used as also with 5% dextrose/0.9% saline solution (p=0,003) and NaCl (p=0,037) and KCl (p=0,013) electrolytes. This study has allowed the knowledge of factors associated with complications and proposes some recommendations as: individualization of therapy especially related to the volume of choice, number of drugs administered, and avoid adding electrolytes to the 5% dextrose/0.9% saline solution
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Strang, John Stanley. "Changing patterns of heroin use : examination of populations and individuals." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307372.

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Zhou, Shuwen. "Enhancement in cancer immunotherapeutic effect of CpG DNA by change of administration route and combination with photohyperthermic treatment." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157907.

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Blond, Stéphane. "L'atlas de Trudaine : pouvoirs, administrations et savoirs techniques (vers 1730 - vers 1780)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0103.

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Cette thèse étudie une source négligée jusqu'alors par l'historiographie: l'atlas de Trudaine. Cet inventaire cartographique dédié aux route royales est commandé à la fin des années 1730 par Philibert Orry (1689-1747), un contrôleur général des finances qui tente de remédier à l'état catastrophique du réseau routier français. L'atlas doit son nom à deux administrateurs chargés de sa réalisation et dont le rôle méritait d'être évalué Daniel-Charles Trudaine (1703-1769) et son fils, Jean-Charles-Philibert Trudaine de Montigny (1733-1777). L'atlas forme un vaste corpus qui regroupe près de 2500 cartes routières et plus de 900 plans d'ouvrages d'art. Des sources manuscrites conservées dans une centaine de dépôts sont mobilisées pour décrire le rôle des différents acteurs et les savoirs techniques mis en œuvre. L'analyse, est conduite autour de deux objectifs principaux: l'examen des modalités de fabrication de l'atlas et une meilleure connaissance de ses enjeux pour l'État. Pour y parvenir, trois grandes parties sont consacrées aux temps forts de son histoire: ses origines, son élaboration et ses usages. Cette étude fait apparaître un rapport singulier entre le pouvoir royal et l'outil cartographique qui constitue le support principal d'une vaste, politique dédiée à l'aménagement du territoire. Avec cette vaste collection de cartes, les administrateurs ont à leur disposition une source très détaillée qui permet d'évaluer et de planifier les travaux routiers et leurs incidences. Dans une perspective plus large, il apparaît aussi que cette enquête repose sur des procédures précises et qu'elle influence la conduite d'entreprises cartographiques parallèles ou ultérieures
This thesis studies a source neglected by historiography: the atlas of Trudaine. This cartographic inventory dedicated to the royal roads ordered at the end of the years 1730 by Philibert Orry (1689-1747), a controller general of finances who tries to cure at the catastrophic state of tl French roads. The atlas owes its name with two administrators in charge of his realization and whose role deserved to be evaluated: Daniel-Chares Trudaine (1703-1769) and his son, Jean-Charles-Philibert Trudaine de Montigny (1733-1777). The atlas forms a vast corpus which 2500 roadmaps and more than 900 plans of structures. Handwritten sources preserved in a hundred deposits are mobilized to describe the role of the various actors and the technical knowledge implemented. The analysis is led around two objectives: the examination of the methods of making of the atlas and a better knowledge of its stakes for the Power. For that purpose, three great parts are devoted to strong times of its history : its origins, its development and its uses. This study reveals a singular relationship between the Power and the cartographic tool which constitutes the principal support of a vast politic dedicated to the regional planning. With this vast collection of maps, the administrators have at their disposal a very detailed source which makes it possible to evaluate and to plan road work and their incidences. From the broader point of view, it also appears that this investigation rests on precise, procedures and that it influences the parallel or later cartographic productions
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Pinto, Marta. "Epicutaneous immunotherapy as a novel route of allergen administration in dogs with atopic dermatitis : a proof-of-concept study." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/22140.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
ABSTRACT - Allergen immunotherapy is a well-established treatment for canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), but new non-invasive, safe, effective and at-home easy-to-use vaccine-delivery routes that promote compliance are needed. Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) is a new promising alternative route that takes advantage of the skin’s unique immunological features and high accessibility. Our goal was to assess the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EPIT in CAD. Sixteen dogs (9 French bulldog (FB) and 7 labrador retriever (LR) dogs) with spontaneous non seasonal CAD and positive allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) serology for domestic mites (HDM) were enrolled for a weekly, 12-hour allergen-containing patch application, over 12 weeks. A costume-made 3D-printed device was developed to incorporate the allergen-based formulation, which included a tailor-made vehicle to enhance allergen penetration into the skin. The primary efficacy outcomes were the owner-assessed pruritus manifestations (PVAS10), veterinarian-assessed skin lesions (2D-IGA), and the owner’s perceived treatment efficacy (OGATE and OGES). Secondary efficacy outcomes were the quality-of-life (QoL), sIgE and IL 10 concentrations. The EPIT safety evaluation considered both local and systemic adverse reactions. Treatment efficacy was defined by the primary outcome measures’ success, according to the ICADA’s COSCAD’18 recommendations. EPIT was deemed safe if no severe local and systemic side-effects occurred. The owner’s compliance with the proposed protocol and required study appointments were monitored and their overall satisfaction was estimated. One LR dog dropped out. All dogs improved their pruritus scores, and 13/15 dogs (86.67%) were successful in the terms considered for this study [FB=8/9 (88.89%); LR=5/6 (83.33%)]. Moreover, 8/12 dogs [66.67%; FB=5/8 (62.5%); LR=3/4 (75%)] reached the level considered successful in the skin lesions’ sore. The response to EPIT was rated as good-to-excellent by 13/15 owners (86.67%) in the OGATE survey and by 11/15 owners (73.33%) in the OGES survey. An improvement in the QoL scores was reported by 13/15 owners (86.67%), with a percentage mean improvement of 54.58%. sIgE values overall decreased in 10/15 dogs (66.67%) and 2/15 dogs (13.33%) desensitised to all HDM to which they were previously allergic. Non-conclusive IL-10 results were obtained. No systemic or local severe adverse events were recorded. EPIT was well received by the owners of the 15 dogs, who fully complied with the proposed protocol. This pilot study emphasizes the EPIT’s great potential as an effective and safe CAD treatment, supporting further investigation on this novel therapy.
RESUMO - Imunoterapia epicutânea como uma nova via de administração de alergénios em cães com dermatite atópica : uma prova de conceito - A imunoterapia com alergénios é um tratamento bem estabelecido para a dermatite atópica canina (CAD), mas são necessárias novas vias não invasivas, seguras, eficazes e de fácil administração em casa que promovam a adesão à terapia. A imunoterapia epicutânea (EPIT) é uma via promissora que beneficia da grande acessibilidade e das características imunológicas únicas da pele. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a praticabilidade, eficácia e segurança da EPIT na CAD. Foram recrutados dezasseis cães (9 cães bouledogue francês (FB) e 7 labrador retriever (LR)) com CAD espontânea não sazonal e com serologia de IgE alergénio-específica (sIgE) positiva para ácaros domésticos (HDM) para a aplicação semanal de um penso de 12 horas, durante 12 semanas. Para o efeito foi impresso um dispositivo em 3D para incorporar a formulação alergénica, a qual incluía um veículo desenvolvido para aumentar a penetração dos alergénios na pele. A avaliação da eficácia utilizou parâmetros primários – a avaliação do prurido pelo titular do cão (PVAS10), das lesões cutâneas pelo veterinário (2D-IGA) e a perceção dos titulares sobre a eficácia da terapêutica (OGATE e OGES) – e parâmetros secundários – grau de qualidade de vida e concentrações de sIgE e IL-10. Para a avaliação da segurança foram consideradas reações sistémicas e locais. A eficácia da EPIT foi definida pelo sucesso dos parâmetros primários, de acordo com as recomendações COSCAD’18 do ICADA. A EPIT foi considerada segura se não ocorressem reações sistémicas ou locais graves. Foram ainda registados o cumprimento do protocolo, a comparência dos titulares às consultas do estudo e a sua satisfação global com o tratamento. Um titular de LR desistiu do estudo. Todos os cães melhoraram o grau de prurido, dos quais 13 (86.67%) alcançaram o nível considerado de sucesso [FB=8/9 (88.89%); LR=5/6 (83.33%)]. Além disso, 8 dos 12 cães [66.67%; FB=5/8 (62.5%); LR=3/4 (75%)] alcançaram o nível considerado de sucesso no parâmetro de lesões cutâneas. A resposta à EPIT foi classificada como boa-a-excelente por 13 titulares (86.67%) no OGATE e por 11 titulares (73.33%) no OGES. Verificou-se ainda uma melhoria da qualidade de vida em 13 cães (86,67%), com uma melhoria percentual média de 54.58%. Os valores de sIgE diminuíram globalmente em 10 cães (66.67%) e 2 deles (13.33%) dessensibilizaram a todos os HDM aos quais eram alérgicos. Os resultados da IL-10 foram inconclusivos. Não se verificaram quaisquer reações sistémicas nem locais graves. A EPIT foi bem recebida pelos titulares dos 15 cães, os quais cumpriram criteriosamente o protocolo. Este estudo piloto destaca o potencial da EPIT como um tratamento eficaz e seguro para a CAD e encoraja a investigação futura nesta nova terapia.
Supported by LETIPharma Animal Health S.L.U. (Barcelona, Spain)
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Maire, Sophie. "Le changement de référentiel démocratique et ses effets organisationnels : analyse du système politico-administratif municipal rouennais." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL007.

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A partir d'une enquête qualitative menée auprès des agents et des élus municipaux de la ville de Rouen, cette recherche a pour objet la démocratie locale et articule deux grandes idées. D'une part, elle met en évidence la transformation des représentations et des pratiques en matère de démocratie locale. D'autre part, elle montre les effets de l'institutionnalisation de cette nouvelle manière d'exercer la démocratie locale, notamment à travers l'étude des dispositifs de participation des citoyens, sur le fonctionnement de l'organisation municipale et permet de voir comment la reconnaissance du rôle de la société civile dans la vie politique locale a influé sur les relations de pouvoirs au sein du système politico-administratif municipal
From a qualitative investigation led in the municipality of the city of Rouen, this research deals with local democracy and articulates two main ideas. On one hand, it brings to light the change of representations and practises of local democracy. On the othter hand, it points out the effects of the institutionalization of this new way of exercising democracy, in particular through the study of citizen's councils, on the municipal organization and allows to see how the recognition of the importance of the civil society's participation in local public affairs influenced the relations within the municipal politico-administrative system
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Marambat, Isabelle. "Réaction œdémateuse à la mise en route d'une thérapie insulinique." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25132.

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35

Scalzo, Cheryl Ann. "Instructional Rounds and Problem-Solving: An Evaluative Case Study." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7569.

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In the target district, instructional rounds (IR), were implemented to reform district-wide educational practices to increase student problem-solving skills over time. This evaluative case study investigated the perceived efficacy of IRs as a model to address student problem-solving. Specifically, the study examined the influences, if any, that the IR process has had on problem-solving, academics, and pedagogy since implementation. The study was framed by Bandura's social learning theory as it states that behavior is learned from one's environment through the process of observation. Qualitative data were collected from 86 stakeholders through a district-wide questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with 8 administrators, and a review of IR feedback notes and fundamental instructional practices. Data were analyzed and open coded to identify common themes and assess if there was perceived efficacy of the IR process. Findings showed that participants perceived the implementation of IRs as effective in improving academic, social, and pedagogical processes throughout the district. Participants shared the opinion that IR improved critical thinking among students, though there was no formal measure for this. A white paper was generated to inform the district of these changes, with recommendations for improvement in instructional rounds implementation. The project will promote social change by improving the teaching and learning process for students, teachers, and administrators at the target district. Based on what was reported about IR, continuing to improve the IR process can bring improvements to the teaching and learning process which will support stronger problem- solving, collaboration, and critical thinking among students.
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Peer, Sarah Nicole. "Cardiac Resuscitation: A Comparison of 30:2 and CCC CPR on Bystander Willingness and the Timing and Route of Epinephrine Administration." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144919.

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Ghenassia, Alexandre. "Induction de réponses mémoires lymphocytaires T CD8 et protection vaccinale après transfert de gènes par le vecteur AAV recombinant." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T032/document.

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La mémoire immunologique est le mécanisme biologique fondamental à la base du développement de la vaccination. La compréhension de ce mécanisme ainsi que de ses interactions avec les différents acteurs du système immunitaire a permis l’élaboration de vaccins qui sont aujourd’hui les garants d’une protection accrue face à l’émergence de maladies infectieuses potentiellement mortelles. La voie d’injection et le mode de transfert de ces vaccins sont des paramètres majeurs à prendre en considération car ils définissent une modulation des réponses immunitaires et de leurs spécificités d’action. De nos jours, seule la voie intramusculaire demeure la voie majoritaire d’administration de vaccins lors de la prophylaxie primaire en santé humaine. Au cours de notre étude, nous nous sommes intéressés à comparer l’injection d’un antigène (l’ovalbumine) selon deux voies d’administration : la voie intramusculaire et la voie intradermique. Nous nous sommes également appuyés sur une technologie du laboratoire qui consiste à transférer des gènes par des vecteurs AAV2/1 recombinants. Nous disposions de deux constructions de ces vecteurs ayant une spécificité pour cibler les cellules musculaires et permettant l’apport d’un effet auxiliaire par les lymphocytes T CD4+ lors d’injections dans des souris femelles. De plus, une de ces constructions nous permettait d’éviter la voie de présentation directe de l’antigène par les cellules dendritiques (DCs) aux lymphocytes T CD8+. Les capacités modulatrices de ces vecteurs nous permirent de montrer pour la première fois que le vecteur AAV2/1 recombinant était capable de faire exprimer un transgène au sein de la peau et d’y générer une réponse cellulaire forte. Nous avons également montré qu’il existait une synergie d’action entre l’effet auxiliaire et la voie intradermique qui améliorait considérablement les réponses cellulaires issues de la présentation croisée d’antigène. Enfin, nous avons pu démontrer que les lymphocytes T CD8+ générés suite à cette synergie d’action présentaient un profil phénotypique de cellules mémoires polyfonctionnelles et capables de protéger l’hôte face à un challenge pathogénique
Immunological memory is the fundamental biological mechanism at the beginning of the development of vaccination. Understanding this mechanism and its interactions with the various players of the immune system has allowed the development of vaccines that are today the most effective barrier against the emergence of life-threatening infectious diseases. Route of injection and the nature of carriers of these vaccines are key parameters to be taken into consideration because they define a modulation of immune responses and their specific features. Nowadays, only the intramuscular injection route remains the major route of vaccines injection in the context of primary prophylaxis in human health. During our study, we were interested in comparing the injection of antigen (ovalbumin) following two routes of administration: intramuscular and intradermal routes. We also relied on a technology in the laboratory that involves the transfer of genes by rAAV2/1 vectors. We had two constructs of these vectors having specificity to target skeletal muscle cells and allowing us to provide a helper effect from CD4+ T cells during injections into female mice recipients. Moreover, one of these constructs enabled us to avoid the direct presentation of antigens by dendritic cells (DCs) to CD8+ T cells. The capacity of modulation of these vectors allowed us to show for the first time that the rAAV2/1 vector was able to trigger the expression of a transgene in the skin, and there to generate a strong cellular response. We have also shown that CD4+ T cell help and the intradermal route of immunization synergize to improve greatly cellular responses from the cross-presentation of antigens. Finally, we have demonstrated that CD8+ T cells generated following this synergism exhibited a phenotypic profile of polyfunctional memory cells and able to protect the host against a pathogenic challenge
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Atthey, Mark. "Targeted radionuclide therapy of cancer : a modelling and evaluation study of new approaches utilising variations in radionuclide cocktails and route of administration." Thesis, Institute of Cancer Research (University Of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416124.

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Matza, Louis S., Trena Paulus, Cindy P. Garris, de Velde Nicolas Van, Vasiliki Chounta, and Kristen A. Deger. "Qualitative Thematic Analysis of Social Media Data to Assess Perceptions of Route of Administration for Antiretroviral Treatment Among People Living With HIV." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7856.

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Background: HIV is a condition that requires lifelong treatment. Treatment options currently consist of oral antiretroviral therapies (ART) taken once or twice daily. Long-acting injectable HIV treatments are currently in development to be administered monthly or every other month. Preferences for route of administration could influence treatment adherence, which could affect treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine patient perceptions of oral and injectable routes of administration for ART. Methods: Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted to examine 5122 online discussion threads by people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the POZ Community Forums from January 2013 to June 2018. Analysis focused on identifying perceptions of oral or injectable routes of administration for ART. Relevant threads were extracted and imported into the qualitative data analysis software package ATLAS.ti.8 so that text could be reviewed and coded. Results: Analyses identified 684 relevant discussion threads including 2626 coded quotations from online posts by 568 PLHIV. The oral route of administration was discussed more frequently than injectable (2516 quotations for oral; 110 injectable). Positive statements on the oral route of administration commonly mentioned the small number of pills (276 quotations), dose frequency (245), ease of scheduling (153), and ease of use (146). PLHIV also noted disadvantages of the oral route of administration including negative emotional impact (166), difficulty with medication access (106), scheduling (131), and treatment adherence (121). Among the smaller number of PLHIV discussing injectable ART, common positive comments focused on dose frequency (34), emotional benefits of not taking a daily pill (7), potential benefits for adherence (6), overall convenience (6), and benefits for traveling (6). Some comments from PLHIV perceived the frequency of injections negatively (10), and others had negative perceptions of needles (8) or appointments required to receive injections (7). Conclusions: Qualitative analysis revealed that route of administration was frequently discussed among PLHIV on this online forum. While many expressed positive views about their daily oral medication regimen, others perceived inconveniences and challenges. Among PLHIV who were aware of a possible monthly injectable treatment, many viewed this new route of administration as a convenient alternative with potential to improve adherence.
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40

Hamoda, Haitham. "The assessment of sublingual route of misoprostal administration in the context of medical abortion and cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446087.

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The overall aim of the studies included in the Thesis is to improve the standard of care provided in the area of fertility control, and to increase the choices available to women. We initially assessed the efficacy of medical abortion using mifespristone and misoprostol administered vaginally at 9-13 weeks gestation and analgesia requirements with medical abortion, prior to proceeding to assess the sublingual route of misoprostol administration.  The sublingual route of misoprostol administration was assessed both in the context of medical abortion and cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy.  The hypothesis tested was that sublingual administration of misoprostol was as effective and acceptable as vaginal administration in the context of medical abortion and cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The studies carried out in this Thesis demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the sublingual route of misoprostol administration both with medical abortion and in the context of cervical priming prior to surgical termination of pregnancy and showed it to be an effective alternative to the vaginal route of administration.  The application of these findings will increase the choice available to women and help improve the provision of clinical care in this important area of reproductive health.
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41

Arcidiacono, Fabio, and Rico Franssen. "Balancing enablers and constraints within organisational routines : A case-study of in-store goods flow at two IKEA stores in Europe." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130710.

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Considering the importance of routine execution within firm replication, exploring the balance between organisational routine development in terms of variations and routine constraints of this variation, with the goal of allowing for improvements without deviating too far from the original routine that makes it a success. Aim: Shed light onto how routine variations are managed in the face of the two extremes; no routine development at all and too much routine development. Methodology: This qualitative case study was conducted within two IKEA stores, the iconic furniture retailer from Älmhult, Sweden. The in-store goods flow process was the platform for the study. The study involved participant observation, as well as 13 (semi-structured) interviews with IKEA co-workers on operational and managerial level to identify mechanism for balancing drift in organisational routines. Findings: This study has developed a conceptual model visualizing a hierarchy of mechanisms composed by artifacts, embededdness and identity that IKEA stores use to curb drift in organisational routines.
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42

Hatanaka, Jill Kikuye. "Examining the role of instructional rounds as a catalyst in building a learning organization." Scholarly Commons, 2015. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/50.

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This study sought to examine how teachers' experiences with instructional rounds helped develop the tenets of a learning organization. This case study used observations, semi-structured teacher interviews, and document analysis to gather data from a low-income, rural school located in California's Central Valley. The theoretical framework on learning organizations developed by Garvin, Edmondson, and Gino (2008) helped in examining the data. Findings from the research suggests that leadership and the four-step process that guides instructional rounds, along with the protocols used within the instructional rounds practice, influences the development of a learning organization. As a consequence of this study, educators may focus on utilizing instructional rounds to develop habits of learning, while leading and developing a learning organization in a collaborative setting.
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43

Brown, Katie Canon. "The Impact of Instructional Rounds on Teacher Learning." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5833.

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A suburban school district in northwest Washington State has invested in a teacher-led, school-based model of instructional rounds to improve collaborative relationships among teachers and further teacher understanding of an instructional framework, but there is little formal evidence that instructional rounds is meeting its goals. The purpose of this study was to determine if instructional rounds is impacting teacher learning. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was Wenger's construct of communities of practice, a social theory of learning. The key research questions were focused on how participation in instructional rounds impacts teacher collaboration and learning of the instructional framework. To address the research questions, a qualitative evaluative case study was conducted. Data were used collected by using individual, face-to-face interviews with 6 different teachers and reviewing program document. Teachers selected for interviews had participated in instructional rounds during the past 3 consecutive years, participated as an observer and as a host, and at least 2 participants had experience as a facilitator. Transcribed interviews and documents were coded, followed by a search for patterns and themes throughout the data. Results showed improvement in personal and professional relationships among teachers as well as improvement of teacher learning. Results also showed that the quality of teacher learning was dependent upon contextual factors. The findings of the study were used to develop a program evaluation report for the school district. This report helped school district administrators, principals and teachers determine whether to stop, start, expand, or refine the instructional rounds model in their schools. This professional learning model has the potential to change the way teachers learn to positively impact student improvement.
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44

Gosselin, Francis. "La bureaucratie créative : parcours d'idées et générativité des routines dans l'administration publique : pour une économie politique du Conseil de l'Europe." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAB016.

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La présente thèse vise essentiellement à articuler le concept de production créative avec ce que d'aucuns considèrent comme son antithèse, l'organisation bureaucratique. Cet effort de recherche provient du désir de cerner le concept de créativité en l'opposant au type d'organisation où il risque le moins de se manifester. En termes substantiels, la bureaucratie est considérée à l'aune des règles qui la régissent, que nous articulons plus précisément en nous appuyant sur la notion de routines organisationnelles. Cette étude est divisée en deux parties. La première renferme les contenus théoriques qui culminent sur l'élaboration d'un modèle écologique de l'organisation bureaucratique à partir du concept de routines organisationnelles. Cette partie est subdivisée comme suit : le premier chapitre est dédié à l'introduction préliminaire des concepts mobilisés dans le cadre de l'étude : bureaucratie et créativité. Ces deux notions sont approfondies au Chapitre 2 où nous explorons la bureaucratie en profondeur, son étymologie et le sens à accorder à ce terme galvaudé. Ce chapitre pose le cadre théorique et définit les contraintes à partir desquelles nous envisageons la question du parcours des idées nouvelles au sein de l'administration publique. Partant de ce contexte, le Chapitre 3 présente un historique de la créativité qui culmine sur la prise en compte de la créativité collective, que nous associons implicitement, dans un contexte bureaucratique de surcroît, aux routines organisationnelles. Ces routines sont appréhendées sous leurs nombreuses formes, en vertu de nombreuses "classes", qui chacune articulent une vision plurielle de l'organisation bureaucratique. La deuxième partie présente une approche empirique de la problématique de la créativité. Elle est distincte dans la mesure où notre position méthodologique, inspirée des travaux praxéologiques de l'École autrichienne, postule une division radicale entre théorie et empirisme. Le Chapitre 4 clarifie les implications de cette posture et présente la démarche. Le Chapitre 5 est une présentation du cas qui fait la part belle à l'interprétation de documents secondaires. Nous y présentons le Conseil de l'Europe, cas unique de celle étude, notamment dans sa dimension historique. Ce parcours chronologique renseigne nombre d'attitudes, de routines et d'acquis qui viennent alimenter la réflexion critique articulée au Chapitre 6. Les éléments de parcours des idées dans le cadre du Conseil de l'Europe, notamment en termes de structures et d'incitations en contexte bureaucratique, sont illustrées dans ce dernier chapitre
This dissertation aims to articulate the concept of creative production in terms of what many consider to be its antithesis, bureaucracy. lt emerges from the desire to increase our understanding of creativity by examining it in a type of organization where it is less likely to be observed. ln substantial terms, bureaucracies are considered in light of the rules that regulate them, an idea we articulate further using the concept of organizational routines. Our study is divided in two parts. The first contains the theoretical aspects that culminate with an ecological model of the bureaucratie organization that follows the notion of organizational routines. This section is further subdivided: the fïrst chapter is dedicated to the introduction of the principal concepts, namely bureaucracy and creativity. An in-depth discussion of these concepts follows in Chapter 2, where we further explore the etymology and attributed meanings of the somewhat nebulous term, "bureaucracy". This chapter also lays out the theoretical framework (and its attendant constraints) with which we examine the trajectories of new ideas within public administration. Chapter 3 presents a short history of creativity, followed by a discussion of collective creativity, which we implicitly associate with organizational routines in the bureaucratie context. These routines are considered in their many forms and categories, each of which represents a specific imagination of the bureaucratie organization.The second part features an empirical analysis of the issue of creativity. Our methodology, inspired by the praxeological view of the Austrian School, is distinct insofar as it posits a radical division between theory and empiricism. Chapter 4 clarifies the implications of this standpoint and describes our approach. Chapter 5 presents the case principally from the point of view of secondary documents, and we introduce our case-study, the Council of Europe, with a principal focus on its historical dimensions. This chronological approach helps us describe a number of attitudes, routines, and beliefs that inform the critical approach of Chapter 6. This last chapter describes elements relevant to the circulation of ideas in the context of the Council of Europe, particularly as they pertain to structure and incentives within the administration
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45

Nilsson, Carl, and Sofie Johansson. "Ruttplanering : Retursystem för pantade PET-flaskor och aluminiumburkar." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industrial Engineering and Management, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-6660.

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This report is the final part within our education, Industrial Organization and Economy focusing on Logistics and Management at Jönköping School of Engineering. The aim with this report is to coordinate recycle drives for deposited aluminum-cans and bottles collected from grocery stores within Jönköping county and locality.

In the present situation both aluminum cans and bottles filled with drinks are distributed to the grocery stores by the brewery’s own distributers. At the same time as they supply the drinks they also discharge the grocery stores units with restored aluminumcans and bottles. To make it easier for the grocery stores to handle the goods in the future, all distribution of drinks ought to be directly delivered to the grocery stores own separate central warehouse. This means every brewery ought to instead supply their drinks to the grocery stores central warehouse instead of taking them directly to the grocery stores. The drinks will then be distributed from the central warehouse to the grocery stores in connection with their orders of provisions. Due to hygienic reasons it is not possible that the deposited units are transported together with the provision.Therefore a kind of recycle drive needs to be organized.

By using computer-aided route planning systems every transport are optimized, which means the transportation and labour costs will be reduced. At the same time the strain on the environment will also be a reduced. The company, DPS Europe, an international supplier of professional designed route planning systems. They have assisted with computer software and support during the study. The software PlanLogix build optimized drive routes based on different presumptions, restrictions and parameters which is based on information given by Returpack, responsible for the Swedish bottle refund system.

A week’s work requires 19 shifts, three shifts on every work day and two shifts on the weekends. How many times the deposited units need to be collected varies between each grocery store. It differs from seven times a week to one time every forth week. This will lead to a four-week schedule with 76 routes. The total cost for the bottle refund system is 603 459 SEK/four weeks, and the filling degree on the vehicles will be approximately 50 percent.

If a bottle refund system is to be implemented it needs to be profitable for the environment, meaning the positive effects need to exceed the negative effects, which the transports cause. To implement deposit drives, the units of aluminum-cans and bottles needs to be higher so the filling degree increases. A proposal to increase the filling degree could be to decrease the number of times each grocery store gets their deposits collected. This will increase the filling degree since at every occasion there will be more units to collect and at the same time decrease the transportation.


Rapporten är det avslutande momentet av utbildningen Industriell Organisation och Ekonomi med inriktning Logistik och Ledning vid Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola. Målet med examensarbetet är att planera och utforma rutter utifrån förutbestämda kriterier, för returkörningar av pantade PET-flaskor och aluminiumburkar från livsmedelsbutiker i Jönköpings län med omnejd.

I dagsläget distribueras konsumtionsfärdig dryck i aluminiumburkar och PET-flaskor till butiker med bryggeriernas egna distributörer som i samband med leveransen tömmer butikernas lager av pantade enheter. Men för att underlätta godshanteringen hos handlarna ska i framtiden distributionen istället ske till livsmedelskedjornas olika centrallager och därifrån distribueras tillsammans med butikens beställning av livsmedel. På grund av hygieniska skäl kan butikens pantade enheter inte samköras medlivsmedel vilket kräver att någon form av returkörning samordnas.

Genom att använda datorstödd ruttplanering optimeras transporterna vilket betyder att transportkostnader och arbetskostnader minimeras samtidigt som miljöpåverkan reduceras. Företaget DPS Europe är en internationell leverantör av professionella ruttplaneringssystem som bistått med programvara och support. Med hjälp av programmet PlanLogix, från DPS Europe, har optimala körrutter byggts upp utifrån olika förutsättningar, begränsningar och parametrar baserade på information från Returpack, som ansvarar för det svenska pantsystemet.

Det krävs 19 arbetsskift i veckan, tre skift på vardagar och två skift på helger, för att samtliga butiker ska få sina lager av pantade enheter tömda. Hämtningsfrekvensen hos butikerna varierar från sju gånger i veckan till en gång var fjärde vecka, vilket resulterar i att ett fyraveckorsschema med totalt 76 rutter skapas. Totalkostnaden är 603 459 kronor/fyra veckor och den använda lastkapaciteten på fordonen är 50 procent.

Om ett retursystem ska användas måste det vara miljölönsamt, det vill säga att de positiva effekterna med retursystemet måste vara fler än de negativa konsekvenserna som ökade transporter medför. För att det ska bli försvarbart och lönsamt att utföra returkörningar för PET-flaskor och aluminiumburkar krävs en högt utnyttjande av lastkapacitet. Ett förslag som ökar utnyttjandet av lastkapaciteten är att minska butikernas hämtningsfrekvens så att det vid varje hämtningstillfälle finns mer pantande enheter att hämta. På så sätt ökar den använda lastkapaciteten samtidigt som transportsträckan reduceras.

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46

Collins, William Norfleet. "Live Load Testing and Analysis of the Southbound Span of U.S. Route 15 over Interstate-66." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34364.

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As aging bridges around the United States begin to near the end of their service lives, more funding must be allocated for their rehabilitation or replacement. The Federal Highway Administrationâ s (FHWA) Long-Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program has been developed to help bridge stakeholders make the best decisions concerning the allocation of these funds. This is done through the use of high quality data obtained through numerous testing processes. As part of the LTBP Pilot Program, researchers have performed live load tests on the U.S. Route 15 Southbound bridge over Interstate-66. The main performance and behavior characteristics focused on are service strain and deflection, wheel load distribution, dynamic load allowance, and rotational behavior of bridge bearings. Data from this test will be used as a tool in developing and refining a plan for long-term bridge monitoring. This includes identifying the primarily loaded girders and their expected range of response under ambient traffic conditions. Information obtained from this test will also aid in the refinement of finite element models by offering insight into the performance of individual bridge components, as well as overall global behavior. Finally, the methods and results of this test have been documented to allow for comparison with future testing of this bridge, which will yield information concerning the changes in bridge behavior over time.
Master of Science
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47

Seménka, Petr. "Stavebně technologický projekt administrativní budovy firmy Ray Service, a.s. ve Starém Městě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409943.

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The content of this thesis is a construction technology project of a new office and production building for company Ray Service a.s. in Staré Město near Uherské Hradiště. The thesis contains technical reports, construction technology study, design of transport ways, technological regulations of demolition and earthworks and regulations for construction of foundation structures. Furthermore is made design of the main machine assembly, inspection and test plan and the design of the construction site, including a technical report. Finally is made a project for the construction of area roads including time plan, LEED certification, noise study and comparison of the main lifting mechanisms.
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48

Periac, Elvira. "L'administration publique à l'épreuve de la gouvernance multi-acteurs : Le cas de la mise en oeuvre d'une nouvelle politique publique environnementale." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0089/document.

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Développement de la démocratie participative, mouvement de décentralisation à l’échelle européenne...: les dernières décennies sont marquées par la légitimation d’une pluralité d’acteurs autres que l’État central dans la construction de l’action publique. Si le développement du terme de « gouvernance » pour désigner l’action publique contemporaine décrit bien cette évolution, il laisse en suspens la question du rôle de l’Etat et de son administration dans ce renouvellement, alors même que les principes d’action et les modes d’organisation de l’administration publique sont eux-­‐mêmes en redéfinition, théorique et empirique. Notre thèse propose d’étudier la question suivante : qu’est ce qu’ « administrer » dans un contexte de gouvernance ? A partir de l’étude d’un cas d’émergence et de mise en place d’une nouvelle activité (l’Autorité Environnementale) au sein de l’administration publique d’État française, nous mettons tout d’abord en lumière les incertitudes et les tensions auxquelles donne lieu le développement d’une activité administrative, certes fortement insérée dans les circuits administratifs traditionnels, mais pour contribuer à la réalisation d’une action publique conçue dans une logique de gouvernance, c’est-­à-­dire s’appuyant sur la pluralité des acteurs, leurs influences et leurs interactions dans différentes configurations. Nous analysons ensuite la manière dont se construit sur le terrain, dans le travail des agents publics, une action qui se révèle hétérogène et variable, ce qui constitue à la fois un problème et une ressource pour l’action publique. A partir d’une théorisation de cette hétérogénéité et variabilité dans le cadre des dynamiques de routines organisationnelles et sur la base de propositions de dispositifs de gestion, nous montrons qu’administrer en contexte de gouvernance se définit dans la capacité de l’organisation à en même temps développer et réguler l’hétérogénéité et la variabilité de l’action administrative
The development of participatory democracy, a wave of decentralization in all Europe...: over the last decades, the legitimization of a plurality of actors, besides the Central State, has been a cornerstone of public action. The increasing use of the notion of « Governance » to describe public action is one the main illustrations of this evolution, but the role of the Central State and its administration in this new context remains hardly known, at a time when public administration, its action and its organization, are precisely in a process of being re-­‐defined, empirically as much as theoretically. Our thesis ambitions to explore the following question: what does « administrating » involve in a context of governance? Drawing on the case of the emergence and implementation of a new activity in the French public administration (the Environmental Authority), we highlight the state of uncertainty and tension generated by the development of this new activity, which is rooted in the traditional administrative organization but needs to contribute to a new form of public action, conceived with a governance logic, in other words based on a multiplicity of actors with various influences and interactions in different configurations. We then analyze how a heterogeneous and variable public action is developed empirically through public officers’ daily work. It is argued that this is both a difficulty and a resource for public action. Drawing on the organizational routine dynamics framework, this heterogeneity and variability of public action is theorized. Then, based on the proposition of different management dispositif, we show that « administrating » in a context of governance can be conceived as the capacity to both develop and regulate heterogeneity and variability in administrative action
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49

Poderienė, Ieva. "Kauno miesto turistinių maršrutų pritaikymas klientų poreikiams." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130906_103603-46754.

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Tyrimo objektas: klientų pasitenkinimas Kauno miesto turistiniais maršrutais Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti Kauno miesto turistinių maršrutų atitikimą klientų poreikiams. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Pateikti turstinių maršrutų sampratą ir jų rengimo teorinius aspektus 2. Apibūdinti vartotojų poreiki teorinę sampratą. 3. Apibūdinti Kauno miesto turistinius išteklius ir infrastruktūros galimybes. 4. Apibūdinti klientams siūlomus turistinius maršrutus Kauno mieste. 5. Atlikti klientų pasitenkinimo Kauno miesto turistiniais maršrutais tyrimą. Tiriamieji klausimai: 1. Ar turistinių maršrutų patrauklumas didina vietovės patrauklumą ? 2. Ar miesto infrastruktūrą ir turizmo ištekliai sąlygoja maršrutų patrauklumą ir maršrutų kūrimo galimybes? 3. Kauno miesto turistiniai maršrutai yra patrauklūss ir atitinka klientų poreikius? Rezultatai ir išvados. Atlikus turistinių maršrutų Kauno mieste patrauklumo analizę bei jų pritaikymo klientų poreikiams tyrimą, nustatyta, kad patogi Kauno miesto geografinė padėtis ir gerai išplėtota turizmo infrastruktūros sistema turistams leidžia sudaryti patrauklius turistinius maršrutus, aplankant žymias Kauno vietas, istorijos, kultūros paminklus ir t.t. taip pat didina Kauno miesto turistinį patrauklumą ir į miestą atvykstančių turistų skaičių. Tačiau yra pasigendama turistinių maršrutų įvairovės bei vieningos informacijos apie turistinius maršrutus Kauno mieste pasiekiamumo. Todėl siekiant, kad turistinės Kauno miesto vietovės bei maršrutai būtų patrauklūs... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The object of customer satisfaction in Kaunas tourist routes The aim - to assess the Kaunas city tourist routes meeting the client's needs. Objectives of the study: 1. The turstinių routing concept and theoretical aspects of their training. 2. To describe the user needs a theoretical concept. 3. Describe the city of Kaunas tourism resources and infrastructure capabilities. 4. Describe the customers suggested touring routes in Kaunas. 5. Make customer satisfaction Kaunas city tourist routes investigation. Research Questions: 1. Are trails attractiveness increases attractiveness of the area? 2. Is the city's infrastructure and tourism resources determines the attractiveness of routes and route development opportunities? 3. Kaunas city tourist routes are patrauklūss and meet customer needs? Results and conclusions. After hiking trails in the city of Kaunas attractiveness analysis and its applications, customer research found that Kaunas convenient geographical location and well developed tourism infrastructure in tourist makes an attractive tourist routes and visiting famous places Kaunas, historical and cultural monuments, etc. also increases the attractiveness of the tourist city of Kaunas and the number of tourists arriving in the city. However, there is lack of trails diversity and agree on tourist routes in Kaunas is available. Therefore, in order to Kaunas city tourist areas and routes to be attractive, it is necessary to: expanding the cognitive, educational and... [to full text]
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50

Drazovich, Spencer. "Factors Effecting Departure Delays in Multi-Airport U.S. Regions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1456.

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For many metropolitan areas in U.S., flight traffic is distributed between multiple airports that service the region. Since 2008, there are trends showing that in certain multi-airport regions, flight traffic is being consolidated toward one “dominant” airport (as in LA) where as in other regions, departure traffic is becoming more evenly distributed between the multiple airports. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects these trends in departure volume are having on overall departure delay times in these regions. For this analysis, data from the airports in Los Angeles, San Francisco, New York, Washington, D.C. and Chicago are included. Based on the results of this research, there is evidence that the dominant hub model as evidenced in LA with LAX, is preferable when managing delays to a more dispersed model showcased in DC.
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