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1
Källberg, Linnéa. "Evaluation of lithium-heparintube analyses performance." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201893.
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Today, some kind of laboratory results is required for around 70% of the diagnostics and follow-ups for diseases. In many of the cases the time from sampling to a result is very critical. Therefore the discussion of how to improve this situation has begun. For many analyses serum has been the routine choice for a long time but now it is disputed. After blood collection in a serum tube it is essential to wait 30-60 minutes before centrifugation and analysis of the sample, a long time for someone in an acute state. Other problems like post centrifugation clots of fibrin causing false results or time-consuming reruns of the sample have also been reported. These problems have initiated the laboratory in Hudiksvall’s hospital to find out an alternative to the common serum sampling.In this report, the differences between serum and lithium heparin plasma for 31 analyses has been evaluated. Paired blood samples, one serum and one plasma, were collected for routine, hormonal and for tumor markers analyses and analyzed in a Cobas c501, e411 or e601 (ROCHE). The results of the analyzed samples were compared to each other by statistical analysis.The results prove that serum and lithium heparin plasma is equal for ALT, GGT, NT-proBNP, FT3, FT4, cobalamin, LH, prolactin, TSH, CA19-9, CEA and PSA. The results also prove that serum and lithium heparin plasma is not equal for 19 other analyses. Therefore, a shift between different types of sampling is not to be recommended without further evaluations.
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Vuko, Loyiso Abongile Marvin. "Post-mortem toxicogenetics: determining the suitable of blood samples collected for routine toxicological analyses for use in subsequent genetic analyses." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29525.
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South Africa has one of the highest prevalences of drug misuse and abuse in Africa. Salt River Mortuary (Cape Town, South Africa), along with other national Forensic Pathology Service providers, receives many cases of suspected drug-related deaths. In some cases, the traditional autopsy – when viewed together with the decedent's history – is not able to indicate whether a drug-related death is accidental or suicidal in relation to altered drug metabolism. Literature has shown that this can be investigated by sequencing gene(s) encoding the implicated metabolising enzyme(s) in a postmortem genetic analysis. However, as such an analysis would normally be performed following the obtainment of postmortem toxicological results, it is imperative to investigate whether blood samples retrieved back from a toxicology laboratory would be sufficient for the said genetic analysis, despite the handling involved in the process of toxicological investigation. To this end, blood samples from 30 deceased individuals in which drug use/abuse may have contributed to death, were collected into two red-top tubes (plain), two grey-top tubes (containing sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate) and one EDTAcontaining purple-top tube (control). DNA was immediately extracted from one of each colour tube, while the duplicate red-top and grey-top tubes first underwent a process of toxicological analyses, and then underwent DNA extraction. The concentration, degradation, purity, contamination, and quality of DNA were assessed using real-time PCR, spectrophotometry, forensic DNA profiling, and Sanger sequencing. In contrast to the grey-top tubes, the results showed that the red-top tubes were most suitable for the aforementioned genetic analysis. Overall, the study not only demonstrated that postmortem genetic analysis using samples retrieved from a toxicology laboratory is possible in the local context, but also provided guidelines around the pre-analytical phase of the analysis. These results illustrate the opportunity to investigate these toxicogenetic avenues further, particularly in future expansion of services currently provided at Salt River Mortuary, which may provide families more information about circumstances of their relative’s death.
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Meheust, Maxime. "Analyse et modélisation des indicateurs du risque routier : le modèle MIRR." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100034.
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Les enjeux humains liés à l’accidentologie routière et les coûts qu’ils font supporter à la collectivité sont tels qu'ils rendent obligatoire la mise à disposition d'une batterie d'outils la plus complète et complémentaire possible afin de comprendre au mieux la problématique du risque routier. L’enjeu de cette thèse est justement de proposer de nouveaux outils capables de mieux apprécier ce phénomène et, in fine, d'orienter et d'appuyer les décisions des pouvoirs publics en la matière. Ils ont été développés en modélisant successivement le kilométrage parcouru qui formalise l’exposition au risque, les nombres d’accidents corporels, de tués, de blessés ainsi que les taux de gravité associés en privilégiant une longue période d’analyse (janvier 1970-décembre 2013) et une fréquence mensuelle. Ceci en tenant compte, au niveau du panel des variables exogènes testées, de la très forte pluri-dimensionnalité (motifs de déplacement, météorologie, structure du parc automobile et de la population, environnement économique, facteurs comportementaux, etc… ) intrinsèque à cette problématique. En rupture avec les modèles conventionnels du risque routier, les outils proposés par le modèle MIRR sont matérialisés, pour toutes les variables analysées, par des équations économétriques de long terme couplées à des équations de court terme autorisant ainsi deux visions complémentaires liées au risque routier. Ce, au profit d’une meilleure compréhension de cette problématique et d’une perception améliorée des enjeux à venir<br>Human and social challenges related to the road safety including the costs for the society, are so important that they require a diversity of complementary analysis tools in order to better understand the road risk problem. The issue of this thesis aimed precisely at offering new tools to assess, in the best possible way, this phenomenon and to ultimately guide and support government decision-making in this field. These tools have been developed by modelling successively the mileage driven which formalizes the risk exposure, the injury accidents, the fatalities, the injuries and the two associated severity rates, using a long period and a monthly frequency. This was made by taking into consideration the multidimensional aspect, regarding the tested exogenous variables (motives for movement, meteorology, structure of the vehicle fleet and of the population, economic environment, behavioural factors, etc..), intrinsic to this issue. Breaking with conventional road accident models, the tools proposed by the MIRR model use, for every analysed variable, long-term econometric equations coupled with short-term ones. These approaches thus allow two complementary views of the road risk for a better understanding of this issue as well as an improved perception of future challenges
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Dansereau, Nancy. "Analyse des accidents survenus sur l'autoroute 55 dans le sud du Québec 1982-1992." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8643.
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La recherche proposée s'intéresse à l'autoroute 55 située au sud du Québec entre la frontière américaine (Rock Island) et l'autoroute 20 (Drummondville) et totalisant 128 kilomètres. Ce segment d'autoroute a la particularité d'avoir une section (66,5 km) possédant deux voies de circulation non séparées et une seconde section (61,5 km) possédant quatre voies de circulation séparées. Les objectifs de cette recherche sont: 1) caractériser les accidents survenus sur ces deux sections pour la période de 1982-1992 en brossant un portrait général de la situation de l'insécurité routière et 2) vérifier les relations existant entre les caractéristiques physiques de l'environnement routier et les caractéristiques des accidents en comparant les deux sections. Les caractéristiques physiques de l'environnement routier comprennent les composantes de géométrie de la route (largeurs des voies et d'accotements, inclinaison) et les caractéristiques de la circulation (débits journalier annuel et estival, pourcentage de camion). Les caractéristiques des accidents comprennent les variables relatives aux circonstances des accidents (lieu, moment, genre, conditions climatiques), celles relatives aux conducteurs (sexe, âge, expérience) et aux véhicules impliqués (nombre, type, âge) et celles relatives aux victimes (âge, sexe, résidence, gravité des blessures). La méthodologie utilisée repose sur deux types d'analyses: descriptives et multivariées. Les premières vont permettre de dresser un portrait de l'insécurité routière de l'autoroute 55 pour chaque section étudiée. Les secondes vont identifier et mesurer les liens entre les caractéristiques environnementales et les accidents. Les résultats démontrent que la section à deux voies contiguës présentent les indices de gravité d'accidents et de victimes les plus forts. Les variables d'environnement qui jouent un rôle dans l'explication des taux d'accidents et des indices de gravité sont la largeur des voies (nombre de voies) et le pourcentage de camions qui circulent sur les segments. D'autres variables de l'environnement ont de très bons liens avec certaines variables explicatives mais ne ressortent pas directement dans les modèles de régression.
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Jaafar, Talal Mohamed. "Simulation-Based Routing Protocols Analyses." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16197.
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A new approach to distributed network simulations that eases the burdens on the simulation developer in creating space-parallel simulations is presented. It provides a full-topology knowledge for every federate (simulator instance) to make the best routing decision to destinations simulated at other federates. Later, this technique was used to characterize the benefits of IP Anycast mechanism at large scale. Different IP Anycast scenarios were simulated in a detailed Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) simulator using a realistic large-scale AS topology. Results indicated that Anycast indeed provides higher availability and decreased end-to-end delay. It also showed that Anycast does not provide load balancing, and the BGP overhead associated with a topology change is reduced when Anycast is deployed. In addition, a simulation model of Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) was developed and used to present a new approach for host mobility within an AS. The new solution is to allow end systems to retain a fixed IP address as those systems move across subnet boundaries, and to use route advertisement updates (by EIGRP) to inform routers of new or revised routes to reach the mobile hosts as they migrate. The simulation results showed the viability of this approach, and the ability of EIGRP to update routing tables in a timely fashion.
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Allain, Edwige. "Méthodes d'analyse discriminante et reconnaissance de scénarios types d'accidents de la circulation." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30052.
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We define traffic accident prototypical scenarios as a synthesis tool which allows to account for cases already happened and judged similar in the way they happen. It appears then useful in the framework of diagnosis approaches, where the analysis of a set of accident cases happened on a road network leads to the possible preventive measures. In this field, one of the use of this concept is based on assigning cases to existing scenarios and can use statistics discriminant analysis methods. In this work, we compare three methods of discriminant analysis (discriminant analysis, logistic regression, classification tree). In the theoretic point of view, classification tree needed a particular development : we propose a selection of the best tree criteria based on the Bayes factor. We validate it with our data on accident. On the applied side, we conclude in favour of the logistic regression<br>Le scénario type d'accident de la circulation est un outil de synthèse rendant compte d'un ensemble de cas déjà survenus et jugés similaires dans leur déroulement. Ainsi le scénario est utile dans les approches diagnostiques visant à dégager des possibilités de prévention par analyse d'un ensemble de cas survenus sur un réseau de voirie. L'une des applications de ce concept repose sur l'affectation de cas à des scénarios existant déjà et peut s'appuyer sur les méthodes statistiques d'analyse discriminante. Nous comparons dans ce travail trois méthodes d'analyse discriminante : (analyse factorielle discriminante, régression logistique et discrimination par arbre). D'un point de vue théorique, la discrimination par arbre a nécessité un développement spécifique : nous proposons un critère de sélection du meilleur arbre basé sur le facteur de Bayes, que nous validons à l'aide des données d'accident. Du point de vue de l'application, nous concluons en faveur de la régression logistique
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Shea, Robyn Lisa. "Dried blood spot analysis in routine clinical practice." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7472/.
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Dried blood spots (DBS) are drops of capillary blood collected onto filter paper from a finger prick. They have many advantages compared with traditional phlebotomy and enable patients to take samples at home. A DBS collection device was developed and incorporated into a CE marked DBS collection kit. This was successfully used in an international direct access vitamin D DBS service. A random access DBS CRP method was established for use with the DBS collection device and a new microsampling device called the Mitra. The quality of DBS received and the impact of lancet type was assessed and the effect of blood spot characteristics on CRP and vitamin D concentration was examined. The vitamin D service uptake and the population using it was analysed. The vitamin D concentration and status of users was compared to serum samples received in the laboratory from the local GP population. Significant differences between the populations were seen, with DBS users showing higher levels of vitamin D. In addition, the response to vitamin D testing for both populations was analysed. A higher rate of high to toxic vitamin D levels was seen in the blood spot population and the reasons for this were explored.
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Li, Tian Medhi Deepankar. "Virtual route an analysis to ensure resource availability for critical services in a resilient dynamic routing environment /." Diss., UMK access, 2005.
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Thesis (M.S.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005.<br>"A thesis in computer science." Typescript. Advisor: Deepankar Medhi. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed June 23, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-73). Online version of the print edition.
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Zhu, Lei. "Routing Map Topology Analysis and Application." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347053.
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The transportation routing map is increasingly used in various transportation network modeling applications such as vehicle navigation and traffic assignment modeling. A typical navigation GIS map contains all detailed road facility layers and may not be as computationally efficient as a lower-resolution map for path finding. A lower-resolution transportation routing map retains only route-finding related roadways and is efficient for path finding but may result in sub-optimal routes because of misclassification links. With the goal in balancing the traffic analysis requirement of intended application and computation requirements of transportation navigation and traffic assignment, the systematic abstraction of the lower-resolution transportation routing map from high resolution map is an important and non-trivial task. For vehicle navigation applications, the traffic analysis requirement is the shortest path quality. An innovative transportation routing map abstraction method or Connectivity Enhancement Algorithm (CEA) is proposed to deal with vehicle navigation application routing map abstraction. The algorithm starts from a low-resolution network and keeps updating the map by adding links and nodes when it processes each search set. The outcome of the algorithm is an abstract map that retains the original detailed map's hierarchical structure with quality topological connectivity at a significant computations saving. With the development of traffic assignment modeling, a detailed network is desired to describe the real world traffic network. It is the consensus that one should not directly apply a GIS map blind-sight without a systematic approach and unnecessarily overuse the network details causes excessive run time. The traffic analysis requirement of those applications is the dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) condition network performance is identical or near-identical with high resolution network. The lowest network resolution level that meets the requirements of emerging traffic analysis is not easy to determine. The proposed traffic analysis network abstraction method gives a solution for this problem. It is an iterative network abstraction approach and considers the link travel time with DUE traffic condition. The case study and numerical analysis prove that the two network abstraction methods are sound and promising. The transportation routing map abstraction method could detect most misclassification links and is robust for different network scales. The abstracted navigation map provides the identical or near-identical SP cost/travel time for any OD pair while the computation burden is much lighter than that on original map. In another hand, the case studies about the traffic analysis network abstraction tell that the method converges very quick and the rendered the abstracted network that has lowest resolution of network or least links and nodes but the DUE condition network performance or trips cost/travel time is much closer to that on the original map.
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Perier, Cynthia. "Analyse quantitative des données de routine clinique pour le pronostic précoce en oncologie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0219/document.
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L'évolution de la texture ou de la forme d'une tumeur à l'imagerie médicale reflète les modifications internes dues à la progression (naturelle ou sous traitement) d'une lésion tumorale. Dans ces travaux nous avons souhaité étudier l'apport des caractéristiques delta-radiomiques pour prédire l'évolution de la maladie. Nous cherchons à fournir un pipeline complet de la reconstruction des lésions à la prédiction, en utilisant seulement les données obtenues en routine clinique.Tout d'abord, nous avons étudié un sous ensemble de marqueurs radiomiques calculés sur IRM, en cherchant à établir quelles conditions sont nécessaires pour assurer leur robustesse. Des jeux de données artificiels et cliniques nous permettent d'évaluer l'impact de la reconstruction 3D des zones d'intérêt et celui du traitement de l'image.Une première analyse d'un cas clinique met en évidence des descripteurs de texture statistiquement associés à la survie sans évènement de patients atteints d'un carcinome du canal anal dès le diagnostic.Dans un second temps, nous avons développé des modèles d'apprentissage statistique. Une seconde étude clinique révèle qu'une signature radiomique IRM en T2 à trois paramètres apprise par un modèle de forêts aléatoires donne des résultats prometteurs pour prédire la réponse histologique des sarcomes des tissus mous à la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante.Le pipeline d'apprentissage est ensuite testé sur un jeu de données de taille moyenne sans images, dans le but cette fois de prédire la rechute métastatique à court terme de patientes atteinte d'un cancer du sein. La classification des patientes est ensuite comparée à la prédiction du temps de rechute fournie par un modèle mécanistique de l'évolution des lésions.Enfin nous discutons de l'apport des techniques plus avancées de l'apprentissage statistique pour étendre l'automatisation de notre chaîne de traitement (segmentation automatique des tumeurs, analyse quantitative de l'oedème péri-tumoral)<br>Tumor shape and texture evolution may highlight internal modifications resulting from the progression of cancer. In this work, we want to study the contribution of delta-radiomics features to cancer-evolution prediction. Our goal is to provide a complete pipeline from the 3D reconstruction of the volume of interest to the prediction of its evolution, using routinely acquired data only.To this end, we first analyse a subset of MRI(-extracted) radiomics biomarquers in order to determine conditions that ensure their robustness. Then, we determine the prerequisites of features reliability and explore the impact of both reconstruction and image processing (rescaling, grey-level normalization). A first clinical study emphasizes some statistically-relevant MRI radiomics features associated with event-free survival in anal carcinoma.We then develop machine-learning models to improve our results.Radiomics and machine learning approaches were then combined in a study on high grade soft tissu sarcoma (STS). Combining Radiomics and machine-learning approaches in a study on high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, we find out that a T2-MRI delta-radiomic signature with only three features is enough to construct a classifier able to predict the STS histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our ML pipeline is then trained and tested on a middle-size clinical dataset in order to predict early metastatic relapse of patients with breast cancer. This classification model is then compared to the relapsing time predicted by the mechanistic model.Finally we discuss the contribution of deep-learning techniques to extend our pipeline with tumor automatic segmentation or edema detection
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Wang, Yaoguang. "Polyhedral studies on scheduling and routing problems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32385.
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During the last decade, there have been major advances in solving a class of large-scale real world combinatorial optimization problems. Such problems are formulated as Travelling Salesman Problems (TSP), some involving up to thousands of cities. These achievements, mainly due to the use of so called polyhedral techniques, have established the importance of the polyhedral study for various combinatorial optimization problems.
This thesis studies polyhedral structures of two well known combinatorial problems: (i) precedence constrained single machine scheduling and (ii) TSP, both Symmetric TSP (STSP) and Asymmetric TSP (ATSP). These problems are of both theoretical interest and practical importance. Better knowledge of the polyhedral descriptions of these problems may facilitate the polyhedral study of more complex scheduling and routing problems.
For the scheduling problem, we present two classes of facetial inequalities, which suffice to describe the linear system of the scheduling problem when the precedence constraints are series-parallel. We also propose a cutting plane procedure based on these facet cuts. The computational results show the procedure yields feasible schedules with relative deviations from the optimum less than 0.25% on the average and less than 1% in the empirical worst case.
For TSPs, we explore a Hamiltonian path approach to the polyhedral study. We propose various facet extension techniques for deriving large classes of facets from known facets. In the STSP case, we propose new clique lifting results. In the ATSP case, we develop a Tree Composition method, which generates all non-spanning clique tree facetial inequalities.<br>Business, Sauder School of<br>Graduate
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Page-Jones, Michael Andrew. "Components for optical signal analysis and routing." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339096.
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Barnes, Aaron C. 1981. "An evaluation of routines analyses within functional behavior assessment." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10545.
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xiii, 80 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>Procedures for direct observation as part of functional behavior assessment (FBA) in natural settings continue to be an important area of inquiry and evaluation in the field of education. Spread across a continuum of control and rigor, various direct FBA methods involve a variety of strengths and limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment utility of routines analysis when applied to direct observation as part of the function-based assessment and intervention process in general education classrooms. Central to this procedure is the use of routines analysis during the FBA interview to inform and develop direct observation conditions. This procedure was evaluated across 3 students in grades K-6. Data collected via this procedure showed utility when compared to traditional ABC observation methods such that clearer indications of a hypothesized function of behavior were obtained. Interventions developed from the assessment data resulted in an observed decrease in problem behavior for each participant. Results of this study suggest the importance of routines analysis as a possible way to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the FBA process.<br>Committee in charge: Cynthia Anderson, Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences;
Robert Horner, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences;
Richard Albin, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences;
Jean Stockard, Outside Member, Planning Public Policy & Mgmt
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Koustanaï, Arnaud. "Le rôle de la conscience de la situation dans les accidents de la route et la production d'erreurs de conduite." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10040.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'expliquer la représentation consciente des informations visuelles suivant le modèle de "vision active" qui confère à l'environnement une fonction de "mémoire extérieure". A partir de cas d'accidents du type "a regardé mais n'a pas vu", nous analysons ainsi les capacités attentionnelles impliquées dans la détection du danger grâce à la "cécité au changement" d'objets sur des photos et des films puis avec un simulateur. Les résultats montrent que la détection d'un danger parfaitement visible dépend des interactions fonctionnelles et fortement liées à l'action entre les variables exogènes (configuration, complexité, indices disponibles, caractéristiques du danger) et endogènes (connaissances, attentes, but). Ils prouvent ainsi que seules informations pertinentes pour agir sont accessibles à la conscience à un moment donné. Nos conclusions sont discutées par rapport à leur intérêt pour la recherche fondamentale et à des questions actuelles de sécurité routière
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Javaid, Nadeem. "Analysis and design of quality link metrics for routing protocols in Wireless Networks." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587765.
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This dissertation endeavors to contribute enhancements in goodputsof the IEEE 802.11-based Wireless Multi-hop Networks (WMhNs).By performing exhaustive simulations, for the deep analysis and detailed assessment of both reactive (AODV, DSR, DYMO) and proactive (DSDV, FSR, OLSR) protocols for varying mobilities, speeds, network loads and scalabilities, it is observed that a routing link metric is a significant component of a routing protocol. In addition to finding all available paths, the fastest end-to-end route is selected by a link metric for the routing protocol. This study aims the quality routing. In the class of quality link metrics, Expected Transmission Count (ETX) is extensively used. Thus, the most recently proposed ETX-based metrics have been analyzed. Though, newly developed metrics over perform ETX but still they can be improved. By profound analysis and particularized comparison of routing protocols depending upon their classes (reactive and proactive) and ETX-based metrics, we come to realize that users always demand proficient networks. In fact, WMhNs are facing several troubles which they expect to be resolved by the routing protocol operating them. Consequently, the protocol depends upon the link metric for providing quality paths. So, we identify and analyze the requirements to design a new routing link metric for WMhNs. Because, considering these requirements, when a link metric is proposed, then : firstly, both the design and implementation of the link metric with a routing protocol become easy. Secondly, the underlying network issues can easily be tackled. Thirdly, an appreciable performance of the network is guaranteed. Keeping in view the issues of WMhNs, increasing demands of users and capabilities of routing protocols, we propose and implement a new quality link metric, Interference and Bandwidth Adjusted ETX (IBETX). As, MAC layer affects the link performance and consequently the route quality, the metric therefore, tackles the issue by achieving twofold MAC-awareness. Firstly, interference is calculated using cross-layered approach by sending probes to MAC layer. Secondly, the nominal bit rate information is provided to all nodes in the same contention domain by considering the bandwidth sharing mechanism of 802.11. Like ETX, our metric also calculates link delivery ratios that directly affect throughput and selects those routes that bypass dense regions in the network. Simulation results by NS-2 show that IBETX gives 19% higher through put than ETX and 10% higher than Expected Throughput (ETP). Our metric also succeeds to reduce average end-to-end delay up to 16% less than Expected Link Performance (ELP) and 24% less than ETX
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Kirksey, James Frederick. "Improvement of harmonic balance solution routines for nonlinear systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16480.
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Hill, Brian Edward. "Soil sample handling for routine analysis of plant-available soil potassium." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1468092.
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Janjua, Sheeraz. "The relationship between diet and tear analysis in routine optometric practice." Thesis, Aston University, 2017. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/32213/.
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Dry eye syndrome is a common condition, regarded as a tear film abnormality which increases with age and causes symptoms such as dryness, irritation and grittiness. Its occurrence is often related to other health conditions such as diabetes. Current treatments deal with the management of the tear film, and the conventional and common approach is instillation of lubricating eye drops or tear substitutes. These topical treatments generally treat the symptoms but are unable to resolve the underlying causes. It is therefore important to investigate the development of prevention strategies, and to investigate potential relationships between dietary factors and signs and symptoms of dry eye syndrome . This thesis set out to investigate the relationships that might exist between dietary factors and signs and symptoms of dry eye syndrome. Two hundred participants were recruited from the patient base of an optometric practice in North Lincolnshire. An initial health and lifestyle questionnaire and food recall diary were completed by all participants. Results from an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and from clinical assessments made by the researcher were used as outcome measures. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between diet and the results were from clinical assessment of the tear film in routine optometric practice. Data was collected and statistical analysis was carried out on the results obtained. The findings were: ♦ There was a significant difference in OSDI score between males and females, showing that females had significantly higher OSDI scores than males. ♦ Those participants who consumed nuts had a significantly lower OSDI score, a significantly higher tear meniscus height (TMH), and significantly higher non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) and Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT) than those who did not. ♦ Participants who consumed oily fish had a significantly higher TMH than those who did not. ♦ High OSDI scores were found to be significantly associated with lower consumption of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), carbohydrate and calories.
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Demir, Erdem. "Analysis Of Evolutionary Algorithms For Constrained Routing Problems." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605083/index.pdf.
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This study focuses on two types of routing problems based on standard Traveling Salesman Problem, which are TSP with pickup and delivery (TSPPD) and TSP with backhauls (TSPB). In both of these problems, there are two types of customers, i.e. &ldquo<br>delivery customers&rdquo<br>demanding goods from depot and &ldquo<br>pickup customers&rdquo<br>sending goods to depot. The objective is to minimize the cost of the tour that visits every customer once without violating the side constraints. In TSPB, delivery customers should precede the pickup customers, whereas the vehicle capacity should not be exceeded in TSPPD.
The aim of the study is to propose good Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) for these two problems and also analyze the adaptability of an EA, originally designed for the standard TSP, to the problems with side constraints. This effort includes commenting on the importance of feasibility of the solutions in the population with respect to these side constraints. Having this in mind, different EA strategies involving feasible or infeasible solutions are designed. These strategies are compared by quantitative experiments realized over a set of problem instances and the results are given.
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PAIVA, THEIZA CONTE. "PHENOMENOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS ON SHARING COMPETENCES IN INNOVATION ROUTINES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25365@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>O campo da Gestão da Inovação tem buscado entender e descrever como ocorre o processo de geração de propostas de soluções evolutivas, de melhoria ou inovadoras dentro das organizações. Este trabalho busca entender como a dinâmica de trabalho de grupos de indivíduos ocorre, através das atividades formais ou informais ligadas à busca de solução inovadora de problemas, nas perspectivas do compartilhamento de competências individuais e da construção da competência coletiva. A pesquisa fenomenográfica foi realizada entre 01 de setembro e 22 de outubro de 2014 por meio de 20 entrevistas presenciais, semiestruturadas, com gestores e profissionais sêniores de 10 organizações. A análise dos conceitos das vivências e percepções destes indivíduos acerca do fenômeno de compartilhar competência no âmbito das rotinas de inovação gerou a identificação de três categorias de descrição (Tabela 2): Criação de Competência Coletiva, Transformação do Fazer e Construção de Padrão de Pensamento, que foram descritas em cinco dimensões explicativas: Conceito de Compartilhamento de Competência, Perspectiva de Competência Individual, Perspectiva de Competência Coletiva, Dinâmica das Rotinas Organizacionais e Contexto de Processos Inovadores. Estas categorias emergiram das experiências relatadas pelos entrevistados em grau de abrangência crescente e de acordo com os respectivos entendimentos sobre o processo de trabalho de uma equipe que busca soluções inovadoras: uma dinâmica de construção conjunta que é realizada por um grupo de indivíduos resultado de um pensamento coletivo e continuado.<br>The field of Innovation Management has sought to understand and describe how the process of evolutive, improvement and innovative solutions proposals occur inside organizations. This works seeks to understand how the work dynamic of groups of individuals occur through formal or informal activities linked to the search of innovative problem solving, in both sharing individual competencies and constructing collective competencies perspectives. The phenomenographic research was done between September 1st, 2014 and October 22nd, 2014 having 20 interviews, semistructured, with managers and senior professionals of 10 organizations. The analysis of the experience concept and the perceptions of these individuals about the competence sharing phenomenon in the innovation routine scope identified three description categories (Table 2): Collective Competence Creation, Transformation of Doing and Thought Pattern Creation, which were described into five explicative dimensions: Competence Sharing Concept, Individual Competence Perspective, Collective Competence Perspective, Dynamic of Organizational Routines, Innovative Processes Context. These categories emerged from experiences reported by the interviewees in increasing degrees of coverage and also according with respective understandings about work processes in a team looking for innovative solutions: a joint construction dynamic performed by a group of individuals resulted from collective and continuous thought.
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Zhang, Yihao Lisa. "An analysis of network routing and communication latency." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10534.
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Lenguerrand, Érik. "L'exposition au risque routier et sa prise en compte dans les analyses épidémiologiques des accidents de la route selon la disponibilité de l'information." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10018.
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La détermination des risques relatifs d’insécurité primaire nécessite de connaître la population à risque d’être accidentée. L’exposition au risque routier est difficile à analyser : elle est multidimensionnelle et rarement renseignée. Un état de l’art du concept d’exposition est tout d’abord dressé pour préciser ses spécificités. La détermination des risques d’accident, lorsque l’information sur l’exposition est disponible, est présentée à travers les approches de cohorte, cas-témoins et celle accidentologique estimant des taux d’accidents. Les méthodes d’exposition induite et de quasi exposition-induite, utilisées pour déterminer les risques d’accident en l’absence d’information d’exposition sont ensuite comparées à l’approche cas-témoins. Enfin, la portée, en termes de sécurité routière primaire, de résultats obtenus uniquement sur données de sécurité secondaire est discutée. Ce travail décrit les forces et faiblesses des différentes méthodes utilisées pour prendre en compte le rôle de l’exposition au risque routier dans les analyses observationnelles des accidents de la route<br>Determining the primary road safety risk requires knowing the population at risk of being crash involved. Exposure to road risk is difficult to analyse as it is a multidimensional concept and the necessary information is often missing. Firstly, the characteristics of road exposure concept are described in a Chapter on the State of the art. Secondly, the epidemiological and accidentological approaches that allow estimating the road risk when the information on the exposure is available are discussed. Thirdly, the methods of induced and quasi-induced exposure, which are uses for determining accident risks in absence of exposure data, are compared with case control study approach. Finally, the relevance of primary safety conclusions obtained through secondary road safety data, are discussed. This work describes the strengths and weaknesses of different methods used for taking in account the role of exposure to road risk in observational analysis of primary safety
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Guo, Zigang. "Optimization of stochastic vehicle routing with soft time windows." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36758255.
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Cyr, Robert. "Analyse numérique de l'infiltration de l'eau et des systèmes de drainage souterrains sous un système routier (route résidentielle)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0022/MQ37841.pdf.
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Gillett, Susan Gille 1957. "AN EXAMINATION OF SEARCH ROUTINES USED IN SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276433.
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Slope stability analyses are commonly performed using computer programs hich perform safety factor calculations using limit equilibrium solutions and search for the critical, or most probable failure surface. These searches are always performed using "direct search" techniques, which are the simplest but least efficient optimization methods. In the future, more advanced optimization algorithms will be incorporated into existing slope stability programs, which will greatly increase the speed with which the search converges to the critical slip surface. The relative efficiency and reliability of these new search strategies must be established by comparative testing on a variety of slope problems. This paper presents a set of problems that will serve as a basis for future comparative testing of different optimization procedures. These problems span the range of slope problems encountered by geotechnical engineers. Baseline measures of efficiency are obtained using an existing slope stability program with grid and pattern search capabilities.
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Achit, Hamza. "Analyse économique des préjudices et des indemnisations des accidents de la circulation routière : une approche par la victime." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0049.
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Cette thèse analyse les répercussions économiques des accidents de la route sur les victimes blessées. Nous étudions les conséquences en termes de dépenses de santé et en termes d’arrêt de travail. Les analyses s’appuient sur une base de données originale issue d’une procédure d’extraction spécifique du système d’information de l’Assurance Maladie. Ce système d’information constitue une base de données quasi exhaustive des victimes des accidents de la route.Différentes analyses descriptives et économétriques sont menées. Dans un premier temps, nous utilisons des modèles d’équations estimantes généralisées pour analyser les déterminants du préjudice en termes de dépenses de santé, et des modèles de survie pour l’analyse des déterminants du préjudice lié à un épisode d’arrêt de travail. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analysons l’évolution de ces préjudices dans le temps, au moyen de la méthode dite des trajectoires de développement (Group-Based Trajectory). Cette méthode nous a permis aussi d’établir une typologie des victimes blessées sur la base de la similitude des devenirs à long terme. Enfin, pour éclairer l'opinion et les décideurs sur les coûts occasionnés aux différents types de victimes d’accident nous évaluons l'effet causal moyen d’un accident avec la méthode de l’appariement exact<br>This thesis analyzes the economic consequences of road accidents for the injured victims. We study the impacts in terms of health spending and in terms of sick leave. The analyses rely on an original dataset obtained by a specific extraction from the information system of the French Health Insurance. This information system constitutes an almost exhaustive database of victimsof road accidents.Different descriptive and econometric analyses are conducted. First, we use generalized estimating equations models to analyze the determinants of extra health expenses, and survival models for the analysis of the determinants of economic loss related to a sick leave episode. Secondly, we analyze the evolution of these extra expenses and losses over time by means of agroup-based trajectory model. This method also allowed us to establish a typology of injured victims based on the similarity of long-run outcomes. Finally, to inform the public and decision makers on the costs occasioned for the different types of accident victims we evaluate the averagecausal effect of an accident with the exact matching method
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Mensah, Frank George. "Analysis of a routine for documentation management : focus on Stena IT-services." Thesis, University West, Department of Informatics and Mathematics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-612.
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Konstantelos, Dimitrios, Heidrun Gurth, Renate Bergert, Sascha Ifflaender, and Mario Rüdiger. "Positioning of term infants during delivery room routine handling – analysis of videos." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-147124.
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Background: Delivery room management (DR) of the newly born infant should be performed according to international guidelines, but no recommendations are available for an infant’s position immediately after birth. The present study was performed to answer the following questions: 1. How often is DR-management performed in term infants in side position? 2. Is routine DR-management possible in side position? 3. Is there any benefit of side position with respect to agitation or vital parameters? Methods: Cross-sectional study of video-recorded DR-management in term newborns delivered by C-section in 2012. Videos were analysed for infant’s position, administered interventions, vital parameters and agitation. Results: 187 videos were analysed. The Main Position (defined as position spent more than 70% of the time) was “supine” in 91, “side” in 63 and “not determinable” in 33 infants. “Supine” infants received significantly (p < 0.001) more often stimulation (12.5% of the total time) than “side” infants (3.9% of time). There were no differences between both groups with regard to suctioning; CPAP was exclusively (98%) administered in supine position. Newborns on side were less agitated than those on supine. There was a trend towards a better oxygenation in “side” positioned infants (p = 0.055) and significantly (p = 0.04) higher saturation values in “left-sided” infants than “right-sided” infants at 8th minute. “Side” positioned infants reached oxygen saturation values >90% earlier than “supine” positioned infants (p = 0.16). Conclusions: DR-management is feasible in the side position in term infants. Side position seems to be associated with reduced agitation and improved oxygenation. However, it remains unclear whether this represents a causal relationship or an association. The study supports the need for a randomized controlled trial.
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Li, Chen. "Automatic extraction of behavioral patterns for elderly mobility and daily routine analysis." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/510.
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The elderly living in smart homes can have their daily movement recorded and analyzed. Given the fact that different elders can have their own living habits, a methodology that can automatically identify their daily activities and discover their daily routines will be useful for better elderly care and support. In this thesis research, we focus on developing data mining algorithms for automatic detection of behavioral patterns from the trajectory data of an individual for activity identification, daily routine discovery, and activity prediction. The key challenges for the human activity analysis include the need to consider longer-range dependency of the sensor triggering events for activity modeling and to capture the spatio-temporal variations of the behavioral patterns exhibited by human. We propose to represent the trajectory data using a behavior-aware flow graph which is a probabilistic finite state automaton with its nodes and edges attributed with some local behavior-aware features. Subflows can then be extracted from the flow graph using the kernel k-means as the underlying behavioral patterns for activity identification. Given the identified activities, we propose a novel nominal matrix factorization method under a Bayesian framework with Lasso to extract highly interpretable daily routines. To better take care of the variations of activity durations within each daily routine, we further extend the Bayesian framework with a Markov jump process as the prior to incorporate the shift-invariant property into the model. For empirical evaluation, the proposed methodologies have been compared with a number of existing activity identification and daily routine discovery methods based on both synthetic and publicly available real smart home data sets with promising results obtained. In the thesis, we also illustrate how the proposed unsupervised methodology could be used to support exploratory behavior analysis for elderly care.
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Zhong, Jiling. "Upper Bound Analysis and Routing in Optical Benes Networks." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_diss/4.
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Multistage Interconnection Networks (MIN) are popular in switching and communication applications. It has been used in telecommunication and parallel computing systems for many years. The new challenge facing optical MIN is crosstalk, which is caused by coupling two signals within a switching element. Crosstalk is not too big an issue in the Electrical Domain, but due to the stringent Bit Error Rate (BER) constraint, it is a big major concern in the Optical Domain. In this research dissertation, we will study the blocking probability in the optical network and we will study the deterministic conditions for strictly non-blocking Vertical Stacked Optical Benes Networks (VSOBN) with and without worst-case scenarios. We will establish the upper bound on blocking probability of Vertical Stacked Optical Benes Networks with respect to the number of planes used when the non-blocking requirement is not met. We will then study routing in WDM Benes networks and propose a new routing algorithm so that the number of wavelengths can be reduced. Since routing in WDM optical network is an NP-hard problem, many heuristic algorithms are designed by many researchers to perform this routing. We will also develop a genetic algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm and ant colony technique and apply these AI algorithms to route the connections in WDM Benes network.
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Gachaka, Umapathi. "Modelling and Analysis of an electric vehicle routing problem." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has been studied for many decades . The majority of these works focus on the static and deterministic cases of vehicle routing in which all information is known at the time of the planning of the routes. A Green Vehicle Routing Problem (G-VRP) is formulated and solution for these techniques are developed to aid organizations with alternative fuel-powered vehicle fleets in overcoming difficulties that exist as a result of limited number of vehicle driving range in conjunction with limited refueling infrastructure. The G-VRP is formulated as a mixed integer linear program.During the past decade the number of published papers dealing with dynamic transportation models has been growing. The dynamic vehicle routing problem is only a subset of these models.
In most real-life applications though, stochastic and/or dynamic information occurs parallel to the routes being carried out. In Real-life examples of stochastic and/or dynamic routing problems they commonly include the distribution of oil to private households, the pick-up of courier mail packages and the dispatching of busses for the transportation of elderly and handicapped people. In these examples the customer profiles (i.e. the time to begin service, the geographic location, the actual demand etc.) may not be known at the time of the planning or even when service has begun for the advance request customers. Two distinct features make the planning of high quality routes in this environment much more difficult than in its deterministic counterpart; firstly, the constant change, secondly, the time horizon.
Here in our thesis we have implemented the part of model which is a Ph.D. thesis of Dossier de candidature pour le prix de lameilleure these en transport et logistique by Yun He and analyse the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem considering the Energy consumption which is solved by using Python and the Mathematical tool Gurobi to solve the integer programming model.
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Pore, Ghee Lye. "A performance analysis of routing protocols for adhoc networks." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FPore.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): John C. McEachen. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-89). Also available online.
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Sabri, Dalia. "Performance analysis for network coding using ant colony routing." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6435.
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The aim of this thesis is to conduct performance investigation of a combined system of Network Coding (NC) technique with Ant-Colony (ACO) routing protocol. This research analyses the impact of several workload characteristics, on system performance. Network coding is a significant key development of information transmission and processing. Network coding enhances the performance of multicast by employing encoding operations at intermediate nodes. Two steps should realize while using network coding in multicast communication: determining appropriate transmission paths from source to multi-receivers and using the suitable coding scheme. Intermediate nodes would combine several packets and relay them as a single packet. Although network coding can make a network achieve the maximum multicast rate, it always brings additional overheads. It is necessary to minimize unneeded overhead by using an optimization technique. On other hand, Ant Colony Optimization can be transformed into useful technique that seeks imitate the ant’s behaviour in finding the shortest path to its destination using quantities of pheromone that is left by former ants as guidance, so by using the same concept of the communication network environment, shorter paths can be formulated. The simulation results show that the resultant system considerably improves the performance of the network, by combining Ant Colony Optimization with network coding. 25% improvement in the bandwidth consumption can be achieved in comparison with conventional routing protocols. Additionally simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can decrease the computation time of system by a factor of 20%.
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Yousef, Mohammed Ali. "Analysis and mitigation of routing loops in IGP networks." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542354.
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Sarbazi-Azad, Hamid. "Performance analysis of wormhole routing in multicomputer interconnection networks." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4309/.
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Perhaps the most critical component in determining the ultimate performance potential of a multicomputer is its interconnection network, the hardware fabric supporting communication among individual processors. The message latency and throughput of such a network are affected by many factors of which topology, switching method, routing algorithm and traffic load are the most significant. In this context, the present study focuses on a performance analysis of k-ary n-cube networks employing wormhole switching, virtual channels and adaptive routing, a scenario of especial interest to current research. This project aims to build upon earlier work in two main ways: constructing new analytical models for k-ary n-cubes, and comparing the performance merits of cubes of different dimensionality. To this end, some important topological properties of k-ary n-cubes are explored initially; in particular, expressions are derived to calculate the number of nodes at/within a given distance from a chosen centre. These results are important in their own right but their primary significance here is to assist in the construction of new and more realistic analytical models of wormhole-routed k-ary n-cubes. An accurate analytical model for wormhole-routed k-ary n-cubes with adaptive routing and uniform traffic is then developed, incorporating the use of virtual channels and the effect of locality in the traffic pattern. New models are constructed for wormhole k-ary n-cubes, with the ability to simulate behaviour under adaptive routing and non-uniform communication workloads, such as hotspot traffic, matrix-transpose and digit-reversal permutation patterns. The models are equally applicable to unidirectional and bidirectional k-ary n-cubes and are significantly more realistic than any in use up to now. With this level of accuracy, the effect of each important network parameter on the overall network performance can be investigated in a more comprehensive manner than before. Finally, k-ary n-cubes of different dimensionality are compared using the new models. The comparison takes account of various traffic patterns and implementation costs, using both pin-out and bisection bandwidth as metrics. Networks with both normal and pipelined channels are considered. While previous similar studies have only taken account of network channel costs, our model incorporates router costs as well thus generating more realistic results. In fact the results of this work differ markedly from those yielded by earlier studies which assumed deterministic routing and uniform traffic, illustrating the importance of using accurate models to conduct such analyses.
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Jordan, T. P. "Design and analysis of routing algorithms for ATM networks." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391028.
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Lee, Kok Thong. "Performance analysis of Mobile Ad Hoc Networking routing protocols /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FLee%5Kok.pdf.
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Yu, Hsien-Chuen. "Performance analysis and optimal routing in packet radio networks /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487671108304386.
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Thong, Lee Kok. "Performance analysis of mobile ad hoc networking routing protocols." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1225.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited<br>This thesis presents a simulation and performance evaluation analysis of the various routing protocols that have been proposed for the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) environment using the Network Simulator-2 (NS-2) tool. Many routing protocols have been proposed by the academic communities for possible practical implementation of a MANET in military, governmental and commercial environments. Four (4) such routing protocols were chosen for analysis and evaluation: Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector routing (DSDV) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR). NS-2 is developed and maintained by the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute (ISI). Leveraging on NS-2's simulation capabilities, the key performance indicators of the routing protocols were analyzed such as data network throughput, routing overhead generation, data delivery delay as well as energy efficiency or optimization. The last metric is explored, especially due to its relevance to the mobile environment. Energy is a scare commodity in a mobile ad hoc environment. Any routing software that attempts to minimize energy usage will prolong the livelihood of the devices used in the battlefield. Three important mobility models are considered, namely, Random Waypoint, Manhattan Grid, and Reference Point Group Mobility. The application of these three models will enhance the realism of simulation to actual real life mobility in an urban or military setup scenario. The performance of the routing protocols in varied node density, mobility speed as well as loading conditions have been studied. The results of the simulation will provide invaluable insights to the performance of the selected routing protocols. This can serve as a deciding factor for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in their selection of the most suitable routing protocols tailored to their specific needs.<br>Civilian, Defence Science Technology Agency, Singapore
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Alturki, Raad. "Multimedia ad hoc networks : design, QoS, routing and analysis." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678520.
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Håkansson, Mikael, and Jan Renman. "Simulation and Analysis of Wireless Ad Hoc Routing Schemes." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för telekommunikationssystem, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3359.
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An Ad Hoc network is a wireless network without any stationary infrastructure of any kind. The nodes should be able to communicate with each other using wireless links, where a packet might traverse multiple links from the source to the destination. Every node in the network acts as a router, forwarding packet from one node to another. Since Ad Hoc networks are wireless and the nodes often battery driven, it is very important that the routing protocol in use can handle a large degree of node mobility and at the same time be very energy efficient. This is not an easy thing and a numerous routing protocols for wireless Ad Hoc networks have been proposed. Our goal was to simulate and make a literature study of three completely different routing protocols for wireless Ad Hoc networks: the Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR), the Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding protocol (TBRPF), and the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP).
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Chmura, Thorsten. "Analyse, Modellierung und Simulationen von Routenwahlverhalten / Analyses, Modelling and Simulation of Route Choice Behaviour." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2005. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-05152005-222337/.
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This thesis will give an overview about the connection of physics and economy in special view of human behavior in traffic scenarios. Main topic is the human decision making process in a two-route-choice scenario. In three main Experiments, human players had to decide between two routes which connect two cities. The first experiment is defined by a pure Nash-equilibrium and 18 participants, the second experiment is similar, but alternating construction sites on both routes were added. Experiment 1 and 2 are played over 200 periods. The third experiment is a minority game with mixed equilibria and 9 participants. Experiment 3 was played over 100 periods. Furthermore the first experiment was extended to a larger group of players up to 90 persons. For every experiment two treatments with 6 observations were played. The treatments differ in the given information to the participants before they choose between the two routes. In the first treatment the information about the own travel time was given, additionally in the second treatment the information about travel times on both routes were given. The second part of the thesis describes the statistical data and illustrates the results. Two main results are that the equilibrium was not stable in the experiments, the fluctuations persists to the end of every observation. Further on two player types were found and explained in this chapter. In the third part of this thesis an extended payoff-sum model is described and explained. Simulations using this reinforcement learning model were run and show the reproducibility of the empirical data. In the conclusions the main results are shown and discussed.
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Ouni, Zaïd. "Statistique pour l’anticipation des niveaux de sécurité secondaire des générations de véhicules." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100099/document.
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La sécurité routière est une priorité mondiale, européenne et française. Parce que les véhicules légers (ou simplement “les véhicules”) sont évidemment l’un des acteurs principaux de l’activité routière, l'amélioration de la sécurité routière passe nécessairement par l’analyse de leurs caractéristiques accidentologiques. Si les nouveaux véhicules sont développés en bureau d’étude et validés en laboratoire, c’est la réalité accidentologique qui permet de vraiment cerner comment ils se comportent en matière de sécurité secondaire, c’est-à-dire quelle sécurité ils offrent à leurs occupants lors d’un accident. C’est pourquoi les constructeurs souhaitent procéder au classement des générations de véhicules en fonction de leurs niveaux de sécurité secondaire réelle. Nous abordons cette thématique en exploitant les données nationales d’accidents corporels de la route appelées BAAC (Bulletin d’Analyse d’Accident Corporel de la Circulation). En complément de celles-ci, les données de parc automobile permettent d’associer une classe générationelle (CG) à chaque véhicule. Nous élaborons deux méthodes de classement de CGs en termes de sécurité secondaire. La première produit des classements contextuels, c’est-à-dire des classements de CGs plongées dans des contextes d’accident. La seconde produit des classements globaux, c’est-`a-dire des classements de CGs déterminés par rapport à une distribution de contextes d’accident. Pour le classement contextuel, nous procédons par “scoring” : nous cherchons une fonction de score qui associe un nombre réel à toute combinaison de CG et de contexte d’accident ; plus ce nombre est petit, plus la CG est sûre dans le contexte d’accident donné. La fonction de score optimale est estimée par “ensemble learning”, sous la forme d’une combinaison convexe optimale de fonctions de score produites par une librairie d’algorithmes de classement par scoring. Une inégalité oracle illustre les performances du méta-algorithme ainsi obtenu. Le classement global est également basé sur le principe de “scoring” : nous cherchons une fonction de score qui associe à toute CG un nombre réel ; plus ce nombre est petit, plus la CG est jugée sûre globalement. Des arguments causaux permettent d’adapter le méta-algorithme évoqué ci-dessus en s’affranchissant du contexte d’accident. Les résultats des deux méthodes de classement sont conformes aux attentes des experts<br>Road safety is a world, European and French priority. Because light vehicles (or simply“vehicles”) are obviously one of the main actors of road activity, the improvement of roadsafety necessarily requires analyzing their characteristics in terms of traffic road accident(or simply “accident”). If the new vehicles are developed in engineering department and validated in laboratory, it is the reality of real-life accidents that ultimately characterizesthem in terms of secondary safety, ie, that demonstrates which level of security they offer to their occupants in case of an accident. This is why car makers want to rank generations of vehicles according to their real-life levels of safety. We address this problem by exploiting a French data set of accidents called BAAC (Bulletin d’Analyse d’Accident Corporel de la Circulation). In addition, fleet data are used to associate a generational class (GC) to each vehicle. We elaborate two methods of ranking of GCs in terms of secondary safety. The first one yields contextual rankings, ie, rankings of GCs in specified contexts of accident. The second one yields global rankings, ie, rankings of GCs determined relative to a distribution of contexts of accident. For the contextual ranking, we proceed by “scoring”: we look for a score function that associates a real number to any combination of GC and a context of accident; the smaller is this number, the safer is the GC in the given context. The optimal score function is estimated by “ensemble learning”, under the form of an optimal convex combination of scoring functions produced by a library of ranking algorithms by scoring. An oracle inequality illustrates the performance of the obtained meta-algorithm. The global ranking is also based on “scoring”: we look for a scoring function that associates any GC with a real number; the smaller is this number, the safer is the GC. Causal arguments are used to adapt the above meta-algorithm by averaging out the context. The results of the two ranking procedures are in line with the experts’ expectations
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Gillman, Malin. "Eco-route modelling using GIS : How to find the most sustainable route option." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185860.
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In a time when the concept of sustainability is gaining increasing attention among the public, as well as among stake holders and policy makers, informing people about what the most sustainable choice to make is, is crucial in leading people in the right direction. Travelling is an activity requiring a traveller to make multiple choices, with one of the choices being which route between two places to take. The transport sector is also a strong contributing cause to global issues such as climate change, wherefore choices made in relation to transportation are highly relevant in regard to sustainable development. Up until today, most traffic information systems for passenger car users, only provide travellers with suggestions about the fastest, or the shortest, route option. This study aims at proposing a modelling structure using GIS software, that could also return the most sustainable route alternative. The complexity of the many spatial impacts of road transportation is thoroughly discussed in the literature review, together with dilemmas regarding route choice behaviours. A proposed modelling structure is presented, with the structure also empirically being examined as a “proof of concept”. The empirical work takes place in the urban area of Hörnefors, Sweden, and findings confirm the applicability of the proposed workflow. In the specific case of Hörnefors, three distinct route options are investigated, in relation to four sustainability impact variables. The variables investigated are fuel consumption, air pollution, noise, and safety. Results show that the, by far, longest route, is in fact returned as the most sustainable route option. The other two route options exhibit impacts of around double the amount of impacts yielded by the most sustainable one. The generalised sustainability cost is significantly mostly determined by the air pollution variable, due to its far-reaching spatial dispersion patterns yielding impacts even at long distances from a road. The potential application of the inclusion of sustainability in traffic information systems are additionally reviewed, according to the behavioural mechanisms mentioned in the literature 4review. Estimations of in what contexts “most sustainable route” suggestions are potentially most likely to yield behavioural changes, are also made, and assessed. Conclusions suggest that an inclusion of “most sustainable route option” modelling into travel information systems, have the highest potential to affect route choices when the user is driving at locations previously unvisited, due to the inexistence of a status quo route in such contexts.
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Elvey, Kathryn. "Beyond the Party Lifestyle: A Quantitative Analysis of Sexual Victimization Among College Students." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470044052.
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Darmaillacq, Guillaume. "Analyse des accidents corporels de la circulation entre 1988 et 1997 sur la route nationale 10 dans les Landes." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2M129.
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Willemse, Feike. "A colored view on quantitative pathology aspects of true color image analysis in routine pathology /." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1996. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/143919504.
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Reid, Stephen Scott. "Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses of the Muskingum-Cunge channel routing model." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8972.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Dufournet, Marine. "Quantification du biais de sélection en sécurité routière : apport de l’inférence causale." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1244/document.
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Les principaux facteurs de l'insécurité routière sont connus, et l'enjeu réside aujourd'hui dans la mesure de l'effet d'un facteur, et la hiérarchisation de l'ensemble des causes intervenant dans la survenue de l'accident. Toutefois, les données disponibles concernent généralement que des accidentés. En l'absence de non-accidentés, l'épidémiologiste du risque routier se heurte à une sélection extrême. Une des solutions classiques est d'utiliser des analyses en responsabilité, et de mesurer l'effet causal d'un facteur sur le risque d'être responsable d'un accident. Néanmoins, la validité des analyses en responsabilité repose sur l'hypothèse, discutable, que les non-responsables sont représentatifs des circulants. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc de déterminer si les données disponibles d'accidentés permettent de fournir, via les analyses en responsabilité, des estimations des effets causaux sans biais, et notamment sans un biais de sélection résiduel. Nous montrons dans cette thèse que, dès lors que l'inclusion dépend de la gravité de l'accident, et que le facteur étudié a un impact sur la vitesse, il est impossible d'estimer l'effet causal du facteur sur le risque d'être responsable de l'accident grave sans un biais de sélection résiduel. Ce résultat est tout d'abord démontré de manière formelle, grâce à l'utilisation des modèles causaux structuraux. Ces modèles sont fondés sur une structure graphique, le DAG, qui représente les différentes relations entre les variables. Ce DAG permet la description des variables réellement observées, mais également des variables contrefactuelles, variables observables dans un monde contrefactuel où l'on aurait fixé l'exposition à une certaine valeur. L'effet causal étant défini à partir de ces variables contrefactuelles partiellement observées, c'est la structure du DAG qui permet de déterminer si l'effet causal peut être estimé en fonction des variables observées. Or, la structure du DAG conduisant à la survenue d'un accident grave ne permet pas d'exprimer l'effet causal du facteur étudié sur la responsabilité de l'accident grave en fonction des distributions observées sur les accidentés graves. Conditionner les estimations sur les accidentés graves correspond à ajuster sur une variable du DAG appelée « collider », et ainsi à introduire un biais dit de collision. En générant un modèle relativement simple, nous donnons à nos résultats théoriques une illustration numérique. En effet, lorsque les données ne dépendent pas de la gravité de l'accident, ou que le facteur étudié n'a pas d'effet sur la vitesse, la mesure estimable à partir des analyses en responsabilité est une mesure sans biais de l'effet causal, sous certaines hypothèses de prévalences faibles. Lorsque l'inclusion dépend de la gravité de l'accident, il existe un biais et ce biais induit par les analyses en responsabilité est d'autant plus grand que l'intensité de la relation entre le facteur et la vitesse, et celle entre la vitesse et l'accident est grand. Les schémas d'étude présentés permettent d'approcher des situations où le facteur étudié serait l'alcool ou le cannabis. Dans le cas de l'alcool, il apparait que sous le modèle simple considéré, la mesure d'association estimable serait une sous-estimation de l'effet causal. En revanche, dans le cas du cannabis, la mesure d'association correspondrait à une sur-estimation de l'effet causal. D'autre part, les outils de l'inférence causale nous ont permis de fournir une description formelle de la validité externe et interne, ainsi qu'une description formelle de la mesure d'association estimable via les analyses en responsabilité. Cette question de la validité interne d'une mesure se pose dans d'autres champs d'application que la sécurité routière. Elle se pose notamment dans le cas du paradoxe de l'obésité [etc...]<br>Many factors associated with the risk and severity of road accidents are now widely considered as causal : alcohol, speed, usage of a mobile phone... Therefore, questions asked by decision-makers now mostly concern the magnitude of their causal effects, as well as the burden of deaths or victims attributable to these various causes of accident. One particularity of road safety epidemiology is that available data generally describe drivers and vehicles involved in road accidents only, or even severe road accidents only. This extreme selection precludes the estimation of causal effects. To circumvent this absence of « control » population of non-crash involved drivers, it is common to use responsibility analysis and to assess the causal effect of a given factor on the risk of being responsible for an accident among involved drivers. The underlying assumption is that non-responsible drivers represent a random sample of the general driving population that was « selected » to crash by circumstances beyond their control and therefore have the same risk factor profile as other drivers on the road at the same time. However, this randomness assumption is questionable. The objective of this thesis is to determine whether available data in road safety allow us to assess causal effects on responsibility without a residual selection bias. We show that a good approximation of causal effect of a given factor on the risk of being responsible is possible only if the inclusion into the dataset does not depend on the severity of the accident, or if the given factor has no effect on speed. This result is shown by using the Structural Causal Model (SCM) framework. The SCM framework is based on a causal graph : the DAG (directed acyclic graph), which represents the relationships among variables. The DAG allows the description of what we observe in the actual world, but also what we would have observed in counterfactual worlds, if we could have intervened and forced the exposure to be set to a given level. Causal effects are then defined by using counterfactual variables, and it is the DAG’s structure which determines whether causal effects are identifiable, or recoverable, and estimable from the distribution of observed variables. However, the assumptions embedded in the DAG which describes the occurence of a severe accident does not ensure that a causal odds ratios is expressible in terms of the observable distribution. Conditioning the estimations on involved drivers in a severe crash correspond to conditioning on a variable in the DAG called « collider », and to create a « collider bias ». We present numerical results to illustrate our theoretical arguments and the magnitude of the bias between the estimable association measure and some causal effects. Under the simple generative model considered, we show that, when the inclusion depends on the severity of the accident, the bias between the estimable association measure and causal effect is larger than the relation between the exposure and speed, or speed and the occurrence of a severe accident is strong. Moreover, the presented designs allow us to describe some situations where the exposure could be alcohol or cannabis intoxication. In the case of alcohol, where alcohol and speed are positively correlated, the estimable associational effect underestimates the causal effect. In the case of cannabis, where cannabis and speed are negatively correlated, the estimable associational effect overestimates the causal effect. On the other hand, we provide a formal definition of internal and external validity, and a counterfactual interpretation of the estimable quantity in the presence of selection bias, when causal effects are not recoverable. This formal interpretation of the estimable quantity in the presence of selection bias is not only useful in the context of responsibility analyses. It is for instance useful to explain the obesity paradox
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Havill, Jessen Tait. "Analysis of algorithms for online routing and scheduling in networks." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623929.
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We study situations in which an algorithm must make decisions about how to best route and schedule data transfer requests in a communication network before each transfer leaves its source. For some situations, such as those requiring quality of service guarantees, this is essential. For other situations, doing work in advance can simplify decisions in transit and increase the speed of the network. In order to reflect realistic scenarios, we require that our algorithms be online, or make their decisions without knowing future requests. We measure the efficiency of an online algorithm by its competitive ratio, which is the maximum ratio, over all request sequences, of the cost of the online algorithm's solution to that of an optimal solution constructed by knowing all the requests in advance.;We identify and study two distinct variations of this general problem. In the first, data transfer requests are permanent virtual circuit requests in a circuit-switched network and the goal is to minimize the network congestion caused by the route assignment. In the second variation, data transfer requests are packets in a packet-switched network and the goal is to minimize the makespan of the schedule, or the time that the last packet reaches its destination. We present new lower bounds on the competitive ratio of any online algorithm with respect to both network congestion and makespan.;We consider two greedy online algorithms for permanent virtual circuit routing on arbitrary networks with unit capacity links, and prove both lower and upper bounds on their competitive ratios. While these greedy algorithms are not optimal, they can be expected to perform well in many circumstances and require less time to make a decision, when compared to a previously discovered asymptotically optimal online algorithm. For the online packet routing and scheduling problem, we consider an algorithm which simply assigns to each packet a priority based upon its arrival time. No packet is delayed by another packet with a lower priority. We analyze the competitive ratio of this algorithm on linear array, tree, and ring networks.