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Journal articles on the topic 'Routing protocols (Computer network protocols)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Deepak Malik and Dr. Bijendra Singh. "Optimizing OSPF Cost Value for Best Path Selection Using Metric-Type Variation." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH) 2, no. 06 (June 25, 2024): 1845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaeh.2024.0254.

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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a multi-vendor routing standard. Any routing protocol's goal is to discover the optimum path between source and destination addresses inside a computer network. Other routing protocols include Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), and IS-IS. which are also used in computer networking. Each routing protocol has different set of rules through which they calculate the best path selection. OSPF is often used with the combination of these routing protocol because of its flexible desig

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Neeru Kumari and Dr. Tilak Raj. "OSPF Metric Convergence and Variation Analysis During Redistribution with Routing Information Protocol." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 06 (June 22, 2024): 1985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0293.

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Open Shortest Path First networking protocol falls under the category of Interior gateway routing protocols and is multi-vendor supported. The task of OSPF like any other routing protocol is to calculate the best path between source IP address and destination IP address within the organisation computer network. There are various other routing protocols like Routing Information Protocol, Border Gateway Protocol, Intermediate System - Intermediate System (IS-IS), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, etc. which are used in computer network. Routing protocols have different algorithms throu

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Mardedi, Lalu Zazuli Azhar, and Khairan Marzuki. "Network Rancang Bangun Jaringan Komputer LAN Berdasarkan Perbandingan Kinerja Routing Protokol EIGRP dan Routing Protokol OSPF." MATRIK : Jurnal Manajemen, Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer 18, no. 2 (May 29, 2019): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/matrik.v18i2.372.

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Nowadays computer networks are growing rapidly and internet usage is increasing everyday. The need to design an internet network cannot be separated from the routing protocol which functions to integrate all computers with the highest flexibility. Routing is one part that provides effective performance in the network. In comparing the performance of EIGRP and OSPF routing protocols, the implementation of EIGRP and OSPF must be implemented when building a network, so administrators easily know the difference in the performance values of the two routing protocols. The discussion in this study is

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Wahid, Ishtiaq, Sadaf Tanvir, Abdul Hameed, and Masood Ahmad. "Software-Defined Networks and Named Data Networks in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network Routing: Comparative Study and Future Directions." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (June 18, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1270180.

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Routing protocols are an essential component of vehicular ad hoc networks. Software-defined networks and name data networks are new aspects of routing that are coming to the fore as Vehicular Ad Hoc Network technology evolves. Data Network-based VANET routing protocols and Software Defined Network-based VANET routing protocols have been developed in recent research. These newly developed protocols must be part of VANET routing protocol surveys. The taxonomy of traditional routing protocols must take these innovations into account. To the best of our knowledge, no such taxonomy exists at the mo

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Punia, Divya, and Rajender Kumar. "A Kalman Filter Based Hybrid Routing Protocol for Efficient Vehicle Connectivity and Traffic Management." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 23, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2022-0003.

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Abstract The geographic routing protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are contemplated as most efficacious protocols. Though, such types of protocols communicate a huge quantity of data that influence the network connectivity negatively. Also, out of bound issue is the second major disadvantage of geographic routing protocols. To provide a solution to these impediments, a novel K-PGRP (Kalman filter-Predictive Geographic Routing Protocol) routing protocol is proposed in this paper. K-PGRP is an improvement to PGRP (Predictive Geographic Routing Protocol) routing protocol and wields K

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T, Padmapriya, and Manikanthan S.V. "Investigation of Video Streaming over MANETS Routing Protocols." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 12 (June 21, 2022): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i12.30805.

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For industrial and academic researchers from all around the world, the Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a specific focus. A MANET was created as a result of the fast growth of wireless gadgets. Mobile Ad hoc network is a self-organizing network with no framework. MANET’s device has the ability to travel in any direction in order to transmit and receive data with other devices or network nodes. An administrator node which is capable of controlling other nodes is absent in MANET. All nodes in MANET act as its own router and host and arrange its own network. The most important element of MANET is

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Vatambeti, Ramesh, Nrusingha Charan Pradhan, E. Sandhya, Surendra Reddy Vinta, V. Anbarasu, and K. Venkateswara Rao. "Energy Management and Network Traffic Avoidance Using GAODM and E-AODV Protocols in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 15, no. 3 (June 8, 2013): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2023.03.06.

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Because of the mobility of its nodes, MANET plays a significant role in mobile communication. As a result, network infrastructure is frequently changed, resulting in data loss and communication overheads. Despite this, the large packet size causes network congestion or traffic. The difficult task is efficient routing through a dynamic network. For node generation and energy management, the proposed approach in this paper employs GAODM (Geography-based Ad-hoc On Demand disjoint multipath) and E-AODM (Energy Ad-hoc On Demand Vector routing). The proposed GAODM routing protocol reduces congestion

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Jain, Neha, Ashish Payal, and Aarti Jain. "Effect of data packet size on the performance of RIP and OSPF routing protocols in hybrid networks." International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications 17, no. 4 (September 10, 2021): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpcc-02-2021-0036.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to calculate the effect of different packet sizes 256, 512, 1,024 and 2,048 bytes on a large-scale hybrid network and analysis and identifies which routing protocol is best for application throughput, application delay and network link parameters for different packet sizes. As the routing protocol is used to select the optimal path to transfer data packets from source to destination. It is always important to consider the performance of the routing protocol before the final network configuration. From the literature, it has been observed that RIP (Routing I

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Alfaresa, Yuansa, Bongga Arifwidodo, and Fauza Khair. "Automate IGP and EGP Routing Protocol Configuration using a Network Automation Library." Jurnal Online Informatika 8, no. 2 (December 28, 2023): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/join.v8i2.1157.

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Data communication is sending data from client to client through a computer network. The increasing use of data communication makes computer networks more complex. Complex computer networks make it difficult for network administrators to configure them, especially routing protocol configuration. Network administrators are in charge of configuring routing protocols and managing networks. In addition, the more devices on the network, the greater the chance of human error from the administrator. Therefore, network automation is one solution that helps network administrators overcome this. This st

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Consul, Juliana I., and Japheth R. Bunakiye. "Survey of the Influence of Routing Protocols to Network Performance Enhancement." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/maths/v11n4p2.

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Routing protocols play a crucial role in the operation of computer networks by determining the optimal paths for data transmission. The selection of an appropriate routing protocol can significantly impact network performance, including factors such as latency, throughput, reliability, and scalability. This survey aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the influence of various routing protocols on network performance enhancement. The survey begins by presenting an overview of common routing protocols with their key characteristics. Subsequently, it explores the impact of these protocols o

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Cai, Jianfei, Guozheng Yang, Jingju Liu, and Yi Xie. "FastCAT: A framework for fast routing table calculation incorporating multiple protocols." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, no. 9 (2023): 16528–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023737.

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<abstract> <p>Currently, most network outages occur because of manual configuration errors. Therefore, it is essential to verify the correctness of network configurations before deployment. Computing the network control plane is a key technology for network configuration verification. We can verify the correctness of network configurations for fault tolerance by generating routing tables, as well as connectivity. However, existing routing table calculation tools have disadvantages such as lack of user-friendliness, limited expressiveness, and slower speed of routing table generatio

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Alazzawi, L., and A. Elkateeb. "Performance Evaluation of the WSN Routing Protocols Scalability." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2008 (2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/481046.

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Scalability is an important factor in designing an efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A good routing protocol has to be scalable and adaptive to the changes in the network topology. Thus scalable protocol should perform well as the network grows larger or as the workload increases. In this paper, routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are simulated and their performances are evaluated to determine their capability for supporting network scalability.

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Kaur, Arshdeep, Sandeep Kumar Arora, and Mahedi Masud. "Comparative Analysis of Clustering using AODV DSDV and CBRP." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.8 (July 7, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.8.16847.

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In a network whether wireless or wired, a set of protocols which are used to distribute the information through various routes between the nodes are said to be the routing protocols which serves as a majorly vital part of the computer networks. They specify the particular and specific path of information exchange by the sending and receiving of packets. Vehicular ad- hoc networks are quite emerging technologies of today’s era presenting the provision of seamless and uninterrupted communication in the network of mobile nodes in dynamic environment. Routing itself proves to be quite a considerab

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Majid, Nuur Wachid Abdul, and Syifaul Fuada. "RIP VS. OSPF ROUTING PROTOCOLS: WHICH ONE IS THE BEST FOR A REAL-TIME COMPUTER NETWORK?" Simetris: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro dan Ilmu Komputer 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/simet.v11i1.3796.

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The development of modern computer networks for internet access makes routing protocols needed, and it has an essential role in a real-time system. Therefore, the best and most effective routes can be reached. In this short article, we discuss the comparison of two popular routing protocols, i.e., Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) using two network simulators, i.e., Graphical Network Simulator-3 (GNS3) and Enterprise Network Simulation Platform (ENSP). Both of OSPF and RIP routing protocols can be used in the same topology and have differences in the connec

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Garg, Puneet, Ashutosh Dixit, Preeti Sethi, and Plácido Rogerio Pinheiro. "Impact of Node Density on the QoS Parameters of Routing Protocols in Opportunistic Networks for Smart Spaces." Mobile Information Systems 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8868842.

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The need and importance of Smart Spaces have been potentially realized by the researchers due to its applicability in the current lifestyle. Opportunistic network, a successor of mobile ad hoc networks and a budding technology of network, is a best-suited technology for implementing Smart Spaces due to its wide range of applications in real-life scenarios ranging from building smart cities to interplanetary communication. There are numerous routing protocols which are available in opportunistic network, each having their pros and cons; however, no research till the time of listing has been don

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Shende, Dipali K., Sonavane S.S, and Yogesh Angal. "A Comprehensive Survey of the Routing Schemes for IoT applications." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 21, no. 2 (June 27, 2020): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v21i2.1667.

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Internet of Things (IoT) is with a perception of ‘anything’, ‘anywhere’ and provides the interconnection among devices with a remarkable scale and speed. The prevalent intention of IoT is the datatransmission through the internet without the mediation of humans. An efficient routing protocol must be included in the IoT network for the accomplishment of its objectives and securing data transmission. Accordingly, the survey presents various routing protocols for secure data communication in IoT for providing a clear vision as the major issue in the IoT networks is energy consumption. Therefore,

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Tsochev, Georgi, Kristina Popova, and Ivan Stankov. "A Comparative Study by Simulation of OSPF and EIGRP Routing Protocols." Informatics and Automation 21, no. 6 (November 24, 2022): 1240–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/ia.21.6.6.

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Computer networks are based on technology that provides the technical infrastructure where routing protocols are used to transmit packets over the Internet. Routing protocols define how routers communicate with each other by distributing information. They are used to describe how routers communicate with each other, learn available routes, build routing tables, make routing decisions, and share information between neighbors. The main purpose of routing protocols is to determine the best route from source to destination. A particular case of a routing protocol operating within an autonomous sys

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Jaffri, Zain ul Abidin, Muhammad Asif, Wali Ullah Khan, Zeeshan Ahmad, Zain ul Abiden Akhtar, Kalim Ullah, and Md Sadek Ali. "TEZEM: A new energy-efficient routing protocol for next-generation wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 18, no. 6 (June 2022): 155013292211072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501329221107246.

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The design and implementation of energy-efficient routing protocols for next-generation wireless sensor networks is always a challenge due to limited power resource capabilities. Hierarchical (clustering) routing protocols appeared to be a remarkable solution for extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, particularly in application-aware (threshold-sensitive) and heterogeneity-aware cluster-based routing protocols. In this article, we propose a protocol, namely, Threshold-based Energy-aware Zonal Efficiency Measuring hierarchical routing protocol. It is a heterogeneity-aware and thre

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Kadhim, Dheyaa Jasim, and Ali Abdulwahhab Mohammed. "Proposed emerged and enhanced routing protocols for wireless networks." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp871-879.

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The problem motivation of this work deals with how to control the network overhead and reduce the network latency that may cause many unwanted loops resulting from using standard routing. This work proposes three different wireless routing protocols which they are originally using some advantages for famous wireless ad-hoc routing protocols such as dynamic source routing (DSR), optimized link state routing (OLSR), destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV) and zone routing protocol (ZRP). The first proposed routing protocol is presented an enhanced destination sequenced distance vector (E-DS

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Binti Dona, Sufiana, Dewa Made Wiharta, and Ngurah Indra ER. "ANALISIS KINERJA PROTOKOL ROUTING DINAMIS IS-IS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERFORMANSI JARINGAN HYBRID KAMPUS UNUD DENPASAR." Jurnal SPEKTRUM 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spektrum.2023.v10.i04.p40.

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As a center for Information and Communication Technology services, the Global Distance Learning Network (GDLN) of Udayana University must reconsider the implementation of static routing protocols that have been applied to meet the increasing demands of computer networks. Dynamic routing protocols, such as Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), can be used to address the challenges currently faced with static routing, and serve as a more viable option for larger network requirements. This research evaluates the implementation of static routing protocols and IS-IS at the UNUD Denpas

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Narula, Mr Rajneesh, and Mr Kaushal Gandhi. "Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Hybrid Network using different Integrated Routing Protocols." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 10 (December 5, 2013): 3090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v11i10.2978.

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The increasing demand of computer communication networks are growing rapidly day by day. With the growing need to distribute applications across multiple networks and the availability of high capacity, high-performance intermediate switching nodes, and networks, an efficient routing mechanism has become the core requirement. This research primarily focuses on the design and performance of Hybrid Network incorporating different intra-domain routing algorithms. The performance evaluation of different routing algorithms for the transmission of video- and voice-data streams over Hybrid network is

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Wheeb, Ali Hussein. "Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANET): Performance Evaluation of Topology Based Routing Protocols." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 16, no. 04 (February 28, 2022): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i04.28235.

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Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs) has developed as an innovative technology for access places without permanent infrastructure. This emerging form of networking is construct of flying nodes known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that fly at a fast rate of speed, causing frequent changes in the network topology and connection failures. As a result, there is no dedicated FANET routing protocol that enables effective communication between these devices. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the category of topology-based routing protocols in the FANET. In a surveillance syst

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Jabbar, Ali H., and Imad S. Alshawi. "Spider monkey optimization routing protocol for wireless sensor networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 2432. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp2432-2442.

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Uneven energy consumption (UEC) is latent trouble in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that feature a multiple motion pattern and a multi-hop routing. UEC often splits the network, reduces network life, and leads to performance degradation. Sometimes, improving energy consumption is more complicated because it does not reduce energy consumption only, but it also extends network life. This makes energy consumption balancing critical to WSN design calling for energy-efficient routing protocols that increase network life. Some energy-saving protocols have been applied to make the energy consumption

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Ismaeel, Tarik Zeyad, and Dhurgham Razaq Mohsen. "Estimation and Improvement of Routing Protocol Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Using Fuzzy Neural Network." Journal of Engineering 22, no. 7 (July 1, 2016): 142–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.07.09.

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Ad-Hoc Networks are a generation of networks that are truly wireless, and can be easily constructed without any operator. There are protocols for management of these networks, in which the effectiveness and the important elements in these networks are the Quality of Service (QoS). In this work the evaluation of QoS performance of MANETs is done by comparing the results of using AODV, DSR, OLSR and TORA routing protocols using the Op-Net Modeler, then conduct an extensive set of performance experiments for these protocols with a wide variety of settings. The results show that the best protocol

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Ateya, Abdelhamied A., Ammar Muthanna, Irina Gudkova, Yuliya Gaidamaka, and Abeer D. Algarni. "Latency and energy-efficient multi-hop routing protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 8 (August 2019): 155014771986639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719866392.

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Unmanned aerial vehicle is one of the main announced use cases of 5G/IMT2020, which is expected to have various applications in many fields. These devices have limited capabilities in terms of energy and processing. Due to the complex structure of unmanned aerial vehicle networks and the high mobility constraints, design of efficient routing protocol, for supporting such network, is a challenge. Thus, efficient routing of data among unmanned aerial vehicles between source and destination is an important issue in designing unmanned aerial vehicle networks. Proactive routing protocols are one of

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Wahid, Ishtiaq, Ata Ul Aziz Ikram, Masood Ahmad, and Fasee Ullah. "An improved supervisory protocol for automatic selection of routing protocols in environment-aware vehicular ad hoc networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 11 (November 2018): 155014771881505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718815051.

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With resource constraint’s distributed architecture and dynamic topology, network issues such as congestion, latency, power awareness, mobility, and other quality of service issues need to be addressed by optimizing the routing protocols. As a result, a number of routing protocols have been proposed. Routing protocols have trade-offs in performance parameters and their performance varies with the underlying mobility model. For designing an improved vehicular ad hoc network, three components of the network are to be focused: routing protocols, mobility models, and performance metrics. This arti

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Ali, Maisam, Kashif Naseer Qureshi, Thomas Newe, Kashif Aman, Ashraf Osman Ibrahim, Maha Almujaly, and Wamda Nagmeldin. "Decision-Based Routing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Internet of Things Networks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042131.

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New technologies and communication standards have changed traditional network processes. Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the emerging technologies where devices are connected to facilitate the users. When the networks are more congested due to a large number of users then the existing routing protocol and communication channels suffer from congestion, disconnection, overhead, and packet drop issues. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are adopted to support the ground networks for more feasible data communication. These networks provide coverage facilities to IoT networks and provide smooth dat

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Tahir, Sabeen, Ghadah Abdullah Aldabbagh, Sheikh Tahir Bakhsh, and Abass Md Said. "Hybrid Congestion Sharing and Route Repairing Protocol for Bluetooth Networks." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS 20 (April 27, 2021): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23205.2021.20.6.

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Bluetooth is a widespread wireless technology standard for limited wireless networks that permits Bluetooth devices to create a one-hop (piconet) or multi-hop (scatternet) network. During data transmission, a large number of links passing through a single master or bridge device may create congestion problems in a Bluetooth network. Therefore, routing in a multi-hop dynamic Bluetooth network, where a number of routing masters and routing bridges exist, sometimes create technical problems in a scatternet. Mobility and failure of routing devices disconnects the routing links and link reconstruct

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Goyal, Reema, Nitin Mittal, Lipika Gupta, and Amit Surana. "Routing Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks: Architecture, Challenges, and Classification." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023 (January 17, 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9229297.

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The wireless body area network (WBAN) is a branch of the wireless sensor network (WSN) intended for tracking essential patients’ physiological signals and transferring this knowledge to the coordinator. During the routing of data, WBANs encounter critical routing problems like WSNs. Moreover, the particular constraints of WBANs make it more challenging that they need to be addressed. This survey article categorizes and briefly analyzes a range of current routing methods utilized in WBANs. The routing protocol is essential to the creation of any efficient and reliable wireless body area network

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Mishra, Priya, Charu Gandhi, and Buddha Singh. "Link Quality and Energy Aware Geographical Routing in MANETs using Fuzzy Logics." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2016.3.731.

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In literature, varieties of topology and geographical routing protocols have been proposed for routing in the MANETs. It is widely accepted that the geographical routings are a superior decision than topological routings. Majority of geographical routing protocols assume an ideal network model and choose the route that contains minimum number of hops. However, in reality, nodes have limited battery power and wireless links are additionally unreliable, so they may highly affect the routing procedure. Thus, for reliable data transmission, condition of the network such as link quality and residua

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Liang, Xiurong, and You Qian. "Energy Balance Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Fuzzy Control Strategy." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (May 27, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4597992.

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The existing routing protocols for wireless sensor networks were not reasonable in design, which limited their application. Most of the existing studies did not take into account the energy consumption of the network and the balanced use of the energy of sensor nodes, which led to the unsatisfactory application effect of wireless sensor networks in some fields. Therefore, from the perspective of energy balance in wireless sensor networks, this paper proposed a construction method of an energy balance routing protocol in wireless sensor networks based on a fuzzy control strategy. Firstly, based

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Wheeb, Ali H., and Marwa T. Naser. "Simulation based comparison of routing protocols in wireless multihop adhoc networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 3186. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3186-3192.

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Routing protocols are responsible for providing reliable communication between the source and destination nodes. The performance of these protocols in the ad hoc network family is influenced by several factors such as mobility model, traffic load, transmission range, and the number of mobile nodes which represents a great issue. Several simulation studies have explored routing protocol with performance parameters, but few relate to various protocols concerning routing and Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. This paper presents a simulation-based comparison of proactive, reactive, and multipath r

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ZHANG, YING, and MARKUS FROMHERZ. "A ROBUST AND EFFICIENT FLOODING-BASED ROUTING FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." Journal of Interconnection Networks 07, no. 04 (December 2006): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265906001855.

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Flooding protocols for wireless networks in general have been shown to be very inefficient and therefore are mainly used in network initialization or route discovery and maintenance. In this paper, we propose a framework of constrained flooding protocols. The framework incorporates a reinforcement learning kernel, a differential delay mechanism, and a constrained and probabilistic retransmission policy. This type of protocol takes the advantages of robustness from flooding, but maintains energy efficiency by constraining retransmissions. Without the use of any control packets, such a protocol

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Pulujkar, Mosami, Sunil Kumar, Vivek Deshpande, and Dattatray Waghole. "Evaluation of various MAC Protocols for Node Density in Wireless Sensor Networks based on QoS." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 1s (December 10, 2022): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i1s.5825.

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A wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor nodes that communicate with one another to gather data and send it to a base station. The quality of service provided by sensor networks determines their efficiency and lifetime. Energy, channel capacity, packet transmission, packet drop, and latency are all factors in QoS. In WSNs, routing protocols are designed to discover the shortest route to a network's destination, whereas MAC protocols are designed to transmit data through a communication channel. To increase the network's life span, the best routing and MAC protocols are required for

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Mutalemwa, Lilian C., and Seokjoo Shin. "Secure Routing Protocols for Source Node Privacy Protection in Multi-Hop Communication Wireless Networks." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020292.

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Traffic analysis attacks are common in monitoring wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In the attacks, adversaries analyze the traffic pattern to obtain critical information such as the location information of a source node. Fake source packet routing protocols are often used to ensure source location privacy (SLP) protection. The protocols rely on broadcasting fake packets from fake sources concurrently with the transmission of real packets from the real source nodes to obfuscate the adversaries. However, fake source packet routing protocols have demonstrated some performance limitations includin

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Han, Hui, Hong De Zhang, and Yang Wang. "A Routing Protocol for Emergency Communication Based on Load Balancing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.744.

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Ad-hoc communications is a mobile communication networks and computer networks combine with no infrastructure support, and network survivability and flexibility is strong, especially suitable for emergency communication. As the existing mobile ad hoc network routing protocols lack of network load balancing capabilities, this paper proposed a routing protocol based on load balancing LBBR (Load Balancing Based Routing). Simulation results shows that, LBBR can improve the success rate of packet transmission, reducing the average end to end delay, thus effectively improving network performance.

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ZUO, JING, XUEFEN CHI, LIN GUAN, HONGXIA LI, and IRFAN AWAN. "DESIGN OF FUZZY BASED MULTI-CONSTRAINED ROUTING PROTOCOL AND THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION." Journal of Interconnection Networks 09, no. 04 (December 2008): 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265908002333.

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Single-constrained QoS routing protocols have inherent defects when applied into wireless ad hoc networks. Due to a single constraint parameter is only considered, they can't always cope with the problems caused by the uncertainty of ad hoc networks well. They are not robust enough. In order to overcome the drawbacks of single-constrained QoS routing protocols and improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of ad hoc networks, this paper proposed a multi-constrained QoS routing protocol based on fuzzy logic. It is developed from Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). The proposed protocol is service-aware in

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Abbas, Noor Alhuda F., Jaber H. Majeed, Waleed Khalid Al-Azzawi, and Adnan Hussein Ali. "Investigation of energy efficient protocols based on stable clustering for enhancing lifetime in heterogeneous WSNs." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 2643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i5.3049.

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There are certain challenges faced with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) performances, consumption can be seen amongst all these challenges as a serious area of research. Data from sensor nodes are transmitted by most WSN energy either among many nodes or to the base station (BS), and due this connection, several routing protocols were developed for supporting in data transmission in the WSNs. Extending network lifetime in an operational environment is the major objective of the wireless sensor network. Charging or exchanging sensor node batteries is almost impossible. Energy balancing and ener

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Ahamed, V. M. Niaz, and Sivaraman K. "Survey and Review on Various Topology and Geographical based Routing Protocol Parameters to Ensure the QOS Parameters of VANET." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 10s (October 7, 2023): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i10s.7609.

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Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a type of wireless network that allows communication between vehicles and infrastructure. One of the critical considerations in VANET is Quality of Service (QoS) parameters, which determine the network's performance. The effective management of QoS parameters is essential for VANET's reliable and efficient operation. In this research paper, we aim to explore topology-based and geographical-based routing protocol parameters to ensure QoS parameters in VANET. The former uses the network topology to make routing decisions, while the latter uses the location inf

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Babu, Erukala Suresh, Bhukya Padma, Soumya Ranjan Nayak, Nazeeruddin Mohammad, and Uttam Ghosh. "Cooperative IDS for Detecting Collaborative Attacks in RPL-AODV Protocol in Internet of Everything." Journal of Database Management 34, no. 2 (June 8, 2023): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.324099.

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Internet of everything (IoET) is one of the key integrators in Industry 4.0, which contributes to large-scale deployment of low-power and lossy (LLN) networks to connecting people, processes, data, and things. The RPL is one of the unique standardized routing protocols that enable efficient use of smart devices energy, compute resources to address the properties and constraints of LLN networks. The authors investigate the RPL-AODV routing protocol's performance in combining the advantages of both RPL and AODV routing protocol, which works together in a low power resource-constrained network. T

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Sixu, Lu, Wu Muqing, and Zhao Min. "Particle swarm optimization and artificial bee colony algorithm for clustering and mobile based software-defined wireless sensor networks." Wireless Networks 28, no. 4 (March 15, 2022): 1671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-022-02925-x.

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AbstractWith the development of the internet of things, people pay more and more attention to wireless sensor networks. Designing the energy efficient routing is an essential objective for wireless sensor networks. Cluster routing is one of the most popular routing protocols to enhance the network lifetime. However, hotspot problem always exists in cluster-based routing protocol. The task of this study is designing a cluster routing protocol with mobile base station which aims at balancing the energy consumption and prolonging the network lifetime. In this article, we design a particle swarm o

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Al-Aboody, Nadia, and Muhsin Al-Amery. "Performance study of reactive routing protocol in wildfire detection using mobile ad-hoc network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i2.pp859-866.

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The routing protocols play an important role in creating routes and sending packets between sensor nodes. There are many methods in the literature that presented and applied several protocols in various domains. However, there is a lack of using routing protocols in the detection of wildfire. Moreover, most methods have used a single number of sensor nodes, where there is a need to investigate the routing protocol based on different simulation parameters such as the number of sensor nodes. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a type of reactive routing protocol that is named Location Aided Rou

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Obi, Elvis, Zoubir Mammeri, and Okechukwu E. Ochia. "A Centralized Routing for Lifetime and Energy Optimization in WSNs Using Genetic Algorithm and Least-Square Policy Iteration." Computers 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers12020022.

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Q-learning has been primarily used as one of the reinforcement learning (RL) techniques to find the optimal routing path in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, for the centralized RL-based routing protocols with a large state space and action space, the baseline Q-learning used to implement these protocols suffers from degradation in the convergence speed, network lifetime, and network energy consumption due to the large number of learning episodes required to learn the optimal routing path. To overcome these limitations, an efficient model-free RL-based technique called Least-Square Pol

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Khan, Shafiullah, Muhammad Muneer Umar, Chunhua Jin, Shaozhang Xiao, Zeeshan Iqbal, and Noha Alnazzawi. "Game-Theory-Based Multimode Routing Protocol for Internet of Things." Electronics 11, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 4134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244134.

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Various routing protocols have been proposed for ad hoc networks such as the Internet of Things (IoT). Most of the routing protocols introduced for IoT are specific to applications and networks. In the current literature, it is essential to configure all the network nodes with a single proposed protocol. Moreover, it is also possible for a single IoT network to consist of different kinds of nodes. Two or more IoT networks can also be connected to create a bigger heterogeneous network. Such networks may need various routing protocols with some gateway nodes installed. The role of gateway nodes

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Alameri, Ibrahim Ahmed, and Jitka Komarkova. "Network Routing Issues in Global Geographic Information System." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219204001.

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Research background: A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based information system that gathers, manages, and disseminates different geographic (related to earth) information to provide intelligent analytics necessary for prompt decisions and actions. A GIS can aggregate data from several different streams and turn it into a smart dashboard for different users to enhance productivity. The use of intelligent technologies, remote sensing, and ad-hoc wireless networks has significantly improved GIS. In GIS, utilization of sensed data from different sources depends upon the use of e

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K, Sathish, Ravikumar CV, Rajesh A, and Giovanni Pau. "Underwater Wireless Sensor Network Performance Analysis Using Diverse Routing Protocols." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 11, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan11040064.

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The planet is the most water-rich place because the oceans cover more than 75% of its land area. Because of the unique activities that occur in the depths, we know very little about oceans. Underwater wireless sensors are tools that can continuously transmit data to one of the source sensors while monitoring and recording their surroundings’ physical and environmental parameters. An Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is the name given to the network created by collecting these underwater wireless sensors. This particular technology has a random path loss model due to the time-varying na

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Lansky, Jan, Saqib Ali, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Mohammad Sadegh Yousefpoor, Efat Yousefpoor, Faheem Khan, and Mehdi Hosseinzadeh. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Routing Protocols in Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANET): A Review." Mathematics 10, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10163017.

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In recent years, flying ad hoc networks have attracted the attention of many researchers in industry and universities due to easy deployment, proper operational costs, and diverse applications. Designing an efficient routing protocol is challenging due to unique characteristics of these networks such as very fast motion of nodes, frequent changes of topology, and low density. Routing protocols determine how to provide communications between drones in a wireless ad hoc network. Today, reinforcement learning (RL) provides powerful solutions to solve the existing problems in the routing protocols

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Han, Guangzhi, Haifeng Jiang, Liansheng Lu, Shanshan Ma, and Shuo Xiao. "Physarum-inspired multi-parameter adaptive routing protocol for coal mine hybrid wireless mesh networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 2 (February 2018): 155014771875921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718759217.

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Hybrid wireless mesh networks are suitable for complex environment communication in coal mine. Mesh clients with application service and routing function in hybrid wireless mesh networks can form a highly robust hybrid network with mesh routers. The processes of nutrient flux transfer and path choice in Physarum network are similar to data transmission and routing selection in hybrid wireless mesh networks. In this article, we use Physarum-inspired autonomic optimization model to design a Physarum-inspired multi-parameter adaptive routing protocol to improve the service quality of coal mine hy

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Javaid, N., Z. A. Khan, U. Qasim, M. Jamil, M. Ishfaq, and T. A. Alghamdi. "Modeling Routing Overhead of Reactive Protocols at Link Layer and Network Layer in Wireless Multihop Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/105245.

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To keep information recent between two nodes, two types of link sensing feed-back mechanisms are used: link layer (LL) and network layer (NL). In this paper, we model and evaluate these link sensing mechanisms in three widely used reactive routing protocols: ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR), and dynamic MANET on-demand (DYMO). Total cost paid by a routing protocol is the sum of cost paid in the form of energy consumed (in terms of packet reception/transmission) and time spent (in terms of processing route information). Routing operations are divided into tw

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Javaid, N., Z. A. Khan, U. Qasim, M. Jamil, M. Ishfaq, and T. A. Alghamdi. "Modeling Routing Overhead of Reactive Protocols at Link Layer and Network Layer in Wireless Multihop Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/105245.

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To keep information recent between two nodes, two types of link sensing feed-back mechanisms are used: link layer (LL) and network layer (NL). In this paper, we model and evaluate these link sensing mechanisms in three widely used reactive routing protocols: ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), dynamic source routing (DSR), and dynamic MANET on-demand (DYMO). Total cost paid by a routing protocol is the sum of cost paid in the form of energy consumed (in terms of packet reception/transmission) and time spent (in terms of processing route information). Routing operations are divided into tw

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