Academic literature on the topic 'Royal free hospital global assessment'

BackgroundThe hepatitis C virus is one of the main causes of liver disease worldwide and may develop nutritional deficiencies.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess and compare different nutritional status methods of adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus, and to describe inadequacies in dietary intake.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with adult outpatients with hepatitis C virus at a Brazilian hospital. Nutritional assessment included the 24-hour dietary recall, anthropometry (body weight, height, body mass index, triceps skinfold, mid-upper arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, mid-upper arm muscle area, adductor policis muscle), Subjective Global Assessment, Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment and handgrip strength.ResultsA total of 94 outpatients (ages 30 to 76 years), was included, 46 were men. The prevalence of malnutrition as measured by the different methods was 6.4% (body mass index); 60.6% (handgrip strength), and 53.2% (Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment). There was correlation between mid-upper arm circumference and mid-arm muscle circumference (r=0.821), mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold (r=0.575) and mid-upper arm circumference and mid-upper arm muscle area (r=0.781). Energy and protein intakes were below recommended levels in 49 (52.1%) and 44 (46.8%) of patients, respectively. Inadequate calcium, potassium, zinc and vitamin C intakes occurred in 92.6%, 97.9%, 63.8% and 60.6% of patients. There was an association between dietary energy and protein intake with Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment (P<0.001) and a tendency for them to be associated with handgrip strength (P=0.076 and P=0.054).ConclusionMalnutrition is frequently in hepatitis C virus patients. They have high prevalence of inadequate energy, protein and micronutrients intake, even in the absence of cirrhosis.

Background: Childhood epilepsy has increased in global incidence. Children with epilepsy require immediate healthcare evaluation and monitoring. Waiting times between first seizure onset and pediatric neurology assessment may impact seizure outcome at follow-up. Quality of medical care for children with first seizure onset will be assessed and the impact of pediatric neurology clinic waiting times on seizure outcomes will be determined Methods: This retrospective study, based on chart review, includes patients with first seizure evaluation at the Royal University Hospital in Saskatoon between January 2012 and December 2015. The interim period before first assessment and other factors were studied in relation to seizure outcome on follow-up. Results: 1158 patients were assessed. 378 (32.6%) patients had first seizure clinic assessment. 197 (52%) had epileptic events. 181 (48%) had non-epileptic events. The mean age of patients was 8.8 years. The mean waiting time for assessment by a pediatric neurologist was 4.33 months. The mean duration of follow-up was 20.9 months. At the last seizure assessment, 132 patients were free of seizures and 65 patients had a recurrence of seizures. Conclusions: First seizure assessment is crucial for management of children with epilepsy. Waiting time and other factors may influence seizure outcome, representing opportunities to improve standard medical care.

AbstractMalnutrition risk screening in cirrhotic patients is crucial, as poor nutritional status negatively affects disease prognosis and survival. Given that a variety of malnutrition screening tools is usually used in routine clinical practice, the effectiveness of eight screening tools in detecting malnutrition risk in cirrhotic patients was sought. A total of 170 patients (57·1 % male, 59·4 (sd 10·5) years, 50·6 % decompensated ones) with cirrhosis of various aetiologies were enrolled. Nutritional screening was performed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, Nutritional Risk Index, Malnutrition Screening Tool, Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002), Birmingham Nutritional Risk Score, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) and Liver Disease Undernutrition Screening Tool (LDUST). Malnutrition diagnosis was defined using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Data on 1-year survival were available for 145 patients. The prevalence of malnutrition risk varied according to the screening tools used, with a range of 13·5–54·1 %. RFH-NPT and LDUST were the most accurate in detecting malnutrition (AUC = 0·885 and 0·892, respectively) with a high sensitivity (97·4 and 94·9 %, respectively) and fair specificity (73·3 and 58 %, respectively). Malnutrition according to SGA was an independent prognostic factor of within 1-year mortality (relative risk was 2·17 (95 % CI 1·0, 4·7), P = 0·049) after adjustment for sex, age, disease aetiology and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, whereas nutrition risk according to RFH-NPT, LDUST and NRS-2002 showed no association. RFH-NPT and LDUST were the only screening tools that proved to be accurate in detecting malnutrition in cirrhotic patients.

Guyana is a low-middle income country on the northern coast of South America between Venezuela and Suriname. Guyana has relatively high child mortality and a notable gap in health care provision. As of 2011, there were no paediatricians in the public sector where approximately 90% of the population seek care. In response to this unmet need, Guyanese diaspora living in Canada, in partnership with Canadian paediatricians and the main teaching hospital, Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation (GPHC), developed a Master’s program in paediatrics. The postgraduate program was designed with adapted training objectives from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and the American Board of Paediatrics. Innovative strategies to overcome the lack of qualified paediatric faculty in Guyana included web-conferencing and a volunteer North American paediatric faculty presence at GPHC with a goal of 1-2 weeks every month. By November 2016, 10 graduates will have passed through a rigorous program of assessment including a two-day final examination with an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) component.

Introduction. The schizophrenics are frequently disinterested and resistant to standard care. Case report. We presented clinical observations of group art therapy of two schizophrenic patients during integrative therapy in Day Hospital. We modified the original ?Synallactic collective image technique? (Vassiliou G, Vassiliou V.). The group is open, heterogeneous, meets once a week and discusses on exhibited drawings, drawn by free associations. The patients' drawings and group protocols showed clinical improvement by lowering depressive themes, more human figures and self-confidence. The obvious severity of markedly impairment on Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scales on admission with minimal improvement at discharge was rated. Conclusion. Group art therapy enables visual expression of emotions, perceptions and cognitions, develops creative potentials and support within the group, thus facilitating the integrative therapeutic process of schizophrenics. It may be useful adjunctive therapy for schizoprenic patients.

PURPOSE: Several management options are available to patients with stage I seminoma, including adjuvant radiotherapy, surveillance, and adjuvant chemotherapy. We performed a pooled analysis of patients from the four largest surveillance studies to better delineate prognostic factors associated with disease progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Individual patient data were obtained from each center (Princess Margaret Hospital, Danish Testicular Cancer Study Group, Royal Marsden Hospital, and Royal London Hospital) for 638 patients. Tumor characteristics (size, histologic subtype, invasion of rete testis, and tumor invasion into small vessels [SVI]) as well as age at diagnosis were analyzed for prognostic importance for relapse. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 7.0 years (range, 0.02 to 17.5 years), 121 relapses were observed for an actuarial 5-year relapse-free rate (RFR) of 82.3%. On univariate analysis, tumor size (RFR: ≤ 4 cm, 87%; > 4 cm, 76%; P = .003), rete testis invasion (RFR: 86% [absent] v 77% [present], P = .003), and the presence of SVI (RFR: 86% [absent] v 77% [present], P = .038) were predictive of relapse. On multivariate analysis, tumor size (≤ 4 cm v > 4 cm, hazard ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 3.2) and invasion of the rete testis (hazard ratio 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.6) remained as important predictors for relapse. CONCLUSION: We have identified size of primary tumor and rete testis invasion as important prognostic factors for relapse in patients with stage I seminoma managed with surveillance. This information will allow patients and clinicians to choose management based on a more accurate assessment of an individual patient’s risk of relapse. In addition, it will allow clinicians to tailor follow-up protocols based on risk of occult disease.

Background: Few studies have explored the effects of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) on electroencephalograph (EEG) findings during the assessment of seizure management. Although a patient may reach seizure freedom, EEG results may continue to be abnormal. Further information is required to understand the trend of EEG findings during seizure treatment. Methods: This is a retrospective study based on chart reviews. Patients who had epilepsy evaluations at the Royal University Hospital in Saskatoon between January 2012 and December 2015, were selected. The relationships among time of initiating AEDs, EEG findings, and seizure outcome on follow-ups, have been evaluated. Results: 151 patients had first seizure clinic assessments, in which 75 patients had an EEG before starting AEDs. Among the 75 patients, 54 (72%) had abnormal EEGs. From those, 38 (70.3%) patient’s EEGs became normal and 16 (29.7%) patients continued to have abnormal EEGs after the introduction of AEDs. The seizure freedom was 81.5% among those who had normal EEG on follow-up, and 43.7% of those who continued to have abnormal EEGs. Conclusions: Although patients with normal EEGs after starting AEDs may encounter a higher chance of seizure freedom, the seizure free patients with abnormal EEGs indicate that EEG is not completely sufficient in predicting seizure status.

Malnutrition in liver cirrhosis is frequently underestimated. To determine if a patient is at risk of malnutrition, several screening tools have been established. However, most of them are not validated for patients with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, we compared the RFH-NPT (Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool) as the validated gold standard for malnutrition screening in cirrhosis patients with GMS (Graz Malnutrition Screening), NRS-2002 (Nutritional Risk Screening) and MNA-SF (Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form). Based on common validity criteria for screening tools, only the MNA-SF showed fair correlation (12/15 points) with the RFH-NPT, whereas NRS-2002 and GMS performed worse (6/15 points). Taken together, our results suggest that NRS-2002 and GMS are not suitable for screening of malnutrition in cirrhosis patients. A cirrhosis-specific screening tool like RFH-NPT should be used to assess malnutrition and to identify those at risk of malnutrition.

Introduction: Malnutrition is one of the most common complications of liver cirrhosis. Yet, little attention is paid in evaluating nutrition in this group of patients. This study aims to assess malnutrition among cirrhotic patients using a nutrition screening tool and anthropometry. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of admitted patients with liver cirrhosis. In the study duration of 3months, 50 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included. Nutritional assessment was performed using the Royal Free Hospital Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT), BMI and standard anthropometry including TSF,MUAC and MAMC. Results: The mean age was 51.56 ± 11.50 with a Male to Female ratio of 3:2. Chronic alcohol consumption (72%) was the most common etiology while management of tense as cites (40%) was the most common reason for hospital admission. 58% had Child Pugh Class C cirrhosis while the remaining 42% were Class B. The average MELD Nascore was 19.64 ± 6. Significant differences in anthropometric measurements including BMI, MUAC, TSF and MAMC were found between Child B and C cirrhosis. Similarly, those patients who had low, moderate and high-risk of malnutrition by the RFH-NPT had significant differences in anthropometric measurements between them. Conclusion: A significant number of patients had moderate to severe risk of malnutrition that correlated well with anthropometric measurements. The degree of malnutrition is parallel with the severity of liver disease among these patients. Both the RFH-NPT and anthropometry are relatively easy to perform and effective. Hence, they can be used as a practical means for identifying malnutrition among cirrhotic patients in routine clinical practice.

Objetivos: Quantificar a ingestão dietética de adultos portadores de hepatopatia crônica correlacionando-a ao estado nutricional, e comparar diferentes métodos de avaliação nutricional nesta população, especialmente métodos de avaliação funcional (dinamometria - FAM - e espessura do músculo adutor do polegar - MAP) e a avaliação global do Royal Free Hospital (RFH-GA). Materiais e métodos: Foram avaliados 97 pacientes ambulatoriais do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, com diagnóstico de hepatopatia crônica (41 hepatite crônica – HCr - e 56 cirróticos - CIR) entre abril de 2009 e janeiro de 2010. Foi realizada avaliação nutricional através de inquérito alimentar (R24h), antropometria - Índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), avaliação subjetiva global (ASG), FAM, RFH-GA e MAP. Resultados: Pacientes do grupo HCr apresentaram maior ingestão calórica total (p=0,005) e maior ingestão proteica (p<0,0001) que os pacientes CIR. Houve relação entre RFH-GA (p<0,001) e FAM (p<0,05) e ingestão de calorias e proteínas. A prevalência de desnutrição no grupo HCr e no grupo CIR foi, de acordo com RFH-GA (51,2 vs 84% - p=0,002), FAM (61 vs 82,1% - p=0,02), ASG (14,6 vs 32,1% - p=0,048), MAP (7,3vs 14,3% - p=NS), CMB (4,9 vs 14,3% - p=NS) e IMC (2,4 vs 3,6% - p=NS). Houve concordância moderada entre FAM e RFH-GA (k=0,43). Conclusão: Pacientes portadores de hepatopatia crônica, mesmo não cirróticos, têm ingestão energética e proteica inadequadas. Desnutrição é frequente nos dois grupos, especialmente na cirrose. FAM e RFH-GA são os métodos que identificaram maior prevalência de desnutrição nesta população e apresentam concordância entre si. A ingestão insuficiente de calorias e proteinas foi associada ao diagnóstico de DPC pela RFH-GA e FAM.
Background/aims: Objectives: To quantify the dietary intake of adults with chronic liver disease and correlate the nutritional status. Compare different methods of nutritional assessment in this population, in special methods of functional evaluation (hand grip streght – HG and The thickness of the adductor pollices muscle - APM) and the Royal Free Hospital global assessment (RFH-GA). Methods: 97 patients at the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, diagnosed with chronic liver disease (41 chronic hepatitis - CH - and 56 cirrhotic - CIR) between April 2009 and January 2010 was assessed. Nutritional assessment was carried out by dietary recall (24HR), anthropometry (body mass index - BMI - body and arm muscle circumference - AMC), subjective global assessment (SGA), HG, RFH-GA and APM. Results: CH group patients had higher total caloric intake (p = 0.005) and higher protein intake (p <0.0001) than patients CIR. There was a relationship between the RFH-GA (p <0.001) and HG (p <0.001) and intake of calories and proteins. The prevalence of malnutrition in the CH group and the CIR group was by RFH-GA (51.2 vs. 84% - p = 0.002), HG (61 vs 82.1% - p = 0.02), SGA (14.6 vs. 32.1% - p = 0.048), APM (7.3 vs 14.3% - p> 0.05), MAC (4.9 vs 14.3% - p> 0.05) and BMI (2.4 vs. 3.6% - p> 0.05). There was moderate agreement between HG and RFH-GA (k = 0.43). Conclusion: Patients HC and CIR have energy and protein intake inadequate. Malnutrition is common in both groups, especially in the second. RFH-GA and HG are the best methods to identify malnutrition in this population and usually correlate with each other. The insufficient intake of calories and protein contributed to the diagnosis of malnutrition by RFH-GA and HG.