Journal articles: 'Royal Horticultural Society'

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TJADEN, W. L. "The Medals of the Royal Horticultural Society." Archives of Natural History 21, no. 1 (1994): 77–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1994.21.1.77.

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Hamilton, Val. "Royal Horticultural Society Great British Village Show." Reference Reviews 32, no. 1 (2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-08-2017-0179.

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Desmond, Ray, and Brent Elliott. "The Royal Horticultural Society: A History 1804-2004." Garden History 31, no. 2 (2003): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1587301.

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Elliott, Brent. "The Botanical Magazine and the Royal Horticultural Society." Curtis's Botanical Magazine 21, no. 3 (2004): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1355-4905.2004.00438.x.

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Polson, Rob. "Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopaedia of Garden Design [New edition]." Reference Reviews 32, no. 5 (2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-12-2017-0263.

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TJADEN, W. L. "The Lindley Library of the Royal Horticultural Society, 1866–1926." Archives of Natural History 20, no. 1 (1993): 93–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1993.20.1.93.

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Middleton, Richard. "The Royal Horticultural Society's 1864 botanical competition." Archives of Natural History 41, no. 1 (2014): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2014.0208.

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The Royal Horticultural Society's botanical competition of 1864 aroused an early stirring of concern for the need for botanical conservation in Britain. Competitors were required to submit a set of pressed plants collected from a single British county and although the organizer's intention was to encourage study of British plants amongst “all classes”, this laudable aim provoked an angry response from both professional and amateur botanists who claimed that it would encourage the extirpation of rare taxa. A compromise was reached and the competition rules were modified to restrict the number of plants that could be submitted and to discourage the collection of those that were rare. An analysis of the 39 medallists shows that they were equally divided between men and women and that the women were likely to be young, affluent and unmarried but that the men were drawn from a much wider demographic and social class. It is concluded that the fears of damage by large numbers of unprincipled competitors were unfounded but that the aims of the Royal Horticultural Society were also largely unmet with the majority of competitors being from professional backgrounds rather than the artisans who were to be encouraged.

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Unwin, Robert. "The History of the Rock Garden at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 13 (November 10, 2015): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2015.78.

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The Rock Garden at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is well known and loved by alpine plant enthusiasts worldwide. This paper describes the history of the area since 1809 when it was established as the demonstration garden for the Caledonian Horticultural Society. It describes the change in horticultural fashions and techniques for growing and displaying plants, and the role that influential horticulturists have played in the history of the Garden. The paper is illustrated with maps and photographs taken throughout the period.

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Huang, Terry. "The British Garden." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 13 (November 10, 2015): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2015.81.

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The Royal Horticultural Society/Garden Club of America Interchange Fellowship was established in 1952 and is awarded to one American and one British student annually. It was formerly known as the Martin McLaren Scholarship and was created to help encourage the exchange of ideas and information in the horticultural world. Terry Huang was selected as the American 2013–2014 Royal Interchange Fellow. His travels and placements solidified for him the important role that botanic and public gardens play as interpreters of the plant world. He describes some of his experiences and examples of excellence that he saw while in Britain. He goes on to explain that the work placements have influenced and inspired the work he does today in the Botany Greenhouse at the University of Washington.

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Donald, K. "THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY : ITS ROLE AS THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRATION AUTHORITY FOR NARCISSUS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 182 (July 1986): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1986.182.47.

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Voss, Donald H., and William N. Hale. "A Comparison of the Three Editions of the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart." HortScience 33, no. 1 (1998): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.1.13.

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Voss, Donald H. "Relating Colorimeter Measurement of Plant Color to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart." HortScience 27, no. 12 (1992): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.12.1256.

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Fortgens, G. "THE WORK OF THE KONINKLIJKE VERENIGING VOOR BOSKOOPSE CULTUREN (KVBC, ROYAL BOSKOOP HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 980 (March 2013): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.980.6.

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Moro, Dorian. "Managing the Grey-headed Flying Fox as a threatened species in NSW." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 3 (2003): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030237.

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ONCE again the Royal Zoological Society of NSW has collated a set of informative papers on a controversial wildlife management topic: how to manage the Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus as a threatened species in New South Wales. The management of this migratory species poses a complex set of problems to government, conservation agencies, and the horticultural industry given a recent decision to upgrade this species from "protected" to "threatened".

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Conway, Hazel. "The Royal Horticultural Society Bandstand Mystery: Or, What Happened to the First Cast-Iron Bandstands?" Garden History 29, no. 2 (2001): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1587372.

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Kleeberger, Kristin S., and Bruno C. Moser. "Flatbed Scanners: An Alternative Tool for Gathering Horticultural Data." HortTechnology 12, no. 3 (2002): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.3.444.

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Royal Horticulture Society Colour Chart cards were used to compare the Linotype-Hell Saphir color flatbed scanner, the Minolta CR-200 chromameter and the HunterLab Labscan XE colorimeter in the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*a*b* three-dimensional color space. Regression analysis revealed that these instruments measure color in a similar manner with most R2 values greater than 0.97 and slopes near unity for comparison of each of the three color space parameters (L*, a*, b*). Standard errors were also found to be within a narrow range for each parameter, L* (2.19 to 3.97), a* (5.97 to 12.01), b* (4.10 to 6.71). The Linotype-Hell Saphir color flatbed scanner and the Minolta CR-200 chromameter were also compared for samples with surface curvature using redtwig dogwood (Cornus serecia 'Baileyi') and yellowtwig dogwood (Cornus serecia `Flaviramea') stems but no significant difference was found.

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Crawley, Michael J. "Galeopsis speciosa (Lamiaceae): an Open Vegetation seed bank community at Worsley in Salford (v.c.59), revealed during construction of the new Royal Horticultural Society Garden at Bridgewater." British & Irish Botany 2, no. 4 (2020): 377–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.33928/bib.2020.02.377.

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This paper provides a baseline flora for the site of the new garden of the Royal Horticultural Society at Worsley New Hall in Salford (v.c.59). During construction, 35,000 m3 of top-soil, sub-soil and spoil were stripped and stored onsite; species recruiting from these seed banks were monitored 2017-2020, leading to the description of a new Galeopsis speciosa Open Vegetation plant community. Four commercial wildflower mixes were used during post-construction landscaping in 2019, and their establishment was assessed in 2020. It will be interesting to follow the survival of these introduced species, many of which are not native to the site.

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Ashton, Helen. "The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs & Their Uses (revised edition)2004152Deni Brown. The Royal Horticultural Society New Encyclopedia of Herbs & Their Uses (revised edition). London: Dorling Kindersley 2002. 448 pp., ISBN: 1 45053 0059 0 £30." Reference Reviews 18, no. 3 (2004): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120410528289.

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LUCAS, A. M. "Disposing of John Lindley's library and herbarium: the offer to Australia." Archives of Natural History 35, no. 1 (2008): 15–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0260954108000053.

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Shortly before he died, John Lindley decided to dispose of his herbarium and botanical library. He sold his orchid herbarium to the United Kingdom government for deposit at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and then offered his library and the remainder of his herbarium to Ferdinand Mueller in Melbourne. On his behalf, Joseph Hooker had earlier unsuccessfully offered the library and remnant herbarium to the University of Sydney, using the good offices of Sir Charles Nicholson. Although neither the University of Sydney nor Mueller was able to raise the necessary funds to purchase either collection, the correspondence allows a reconstruction of a catalogue of Lindley's library, and poses some questions about Joseph Hooker's motives in attempting to dispose of Lindley's material outside the United Kingdom. The final disposal of the herbarium to Cambridge and previous analyses of the purchase of his Library for the Royal Horticultural Society are discussed. A list of the works from Lindley's library offered for sale to Australia is appended.

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Hitchmough, James, Emily Reid, and Anna Dourado. "Establishment and Persistence of Field Sown North American Prairie Grasses in Southern England in Response to Mulching and Extensive Weed Management." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23, no. 2 (2005): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-23.2.101.

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Abstract Establishment and management of North American prairie grasses by field sowing was investigated at the Royal Horticultural Society Garden at Wisley, Surrey, in Southern England. Untreated seed of little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash); indian grass (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash); and prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis (A.Gray) A.Gray.) was sown in May 1997 at 550 seeds/m2 onto topsoil plots (control), topsoil with charcoal mulch, and topsoil covered with transparent, perforated crop polyethylene post sowing. Highest percentage emergence was recorded in the clear polyethylene mulch followed by the charcoal mulch. Weed competition was managed by cutting to 75 mm (≅ 3 in) above the soil surface. Dry weight of prairie grass seedlings in October 1997 was strongly negatively correlated with percentage weed cover in June 1997. Despite the weed competition, on plots where sufficient seedlings survived, Schizachyrium and Sorghastrum were eventually able to dominate Agrostis stolonifera, the most abundant weed, when burnt annually in April. No regeneration of prairie grasses from self-sown seed was observed within the experimental treatments over an 8 year period. The application of this research to more sustainable horticultural practice in urban landscapes is discussed.

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Rosińska, Agnieszka, Grzegorz Rosiński, and Roman Hołubowicz. "Effect of colour and size grading of China aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees) seeds on their germination." Acta Agrobotanica 62, no. 2 (2012): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2009.041.

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Seeds of 3 commercial China aster (<i>Callistephus chinensis</i> Nees) lots were divided by hand into 3 grades with different colours: dark brown, brown and light brown, and 2 grades with a different size: length below 3.9 mm (small) and above 3.9 mm (large). The colour grading was done based on the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart and size grading was done by hand for each seed. Then, seeds were routinely germinated based on the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) rules. The size of seeds had no effect on their germination. The dark brown seeds germinated better than the light brown ones. Removing light brown seeds from the China aster seed lot improved their germination.

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Cook, A. "Jean-Jacques Rousseau's copy of Albrecht von Haller's Historia stirpium indigenarum Helvetiae inchoata (1768)." Archives of Natural History 30, no. 1 (2003): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2003.30.1.149.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau sold his botanical texts to Daniel Malthus (father of Thomas Malthus) about 1775. Two of these are now in the Old Library, Jesus College, Cambridge, but all the rest have long been thought lost. However, a copy of Albrecht von Haller's Historia stirpium indigenarum Helvetiae inchoata (1768) in The Lindley Library, Royal Horticultural Society, London, bears Rousseau's name and seems to have been annotated by him. The volume contains the bookplate of Jane Dalton, a cousin to whom Malthus willed “all [his] Botanical Books in which the Name of Rousseau is written”. Haller was well-known to Rousseau, who, while in exile in the Swiss Jura (1763–1765), studied under one of Haller's collaborators, Abraham Gagnebin. Rousseau cited Haller's entry 762 when describing a species of Seseli to the Duchess of Portland.

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Sandrock, David R., Jean Williams-Woodward, and Michael A. Dirr. "225 Growth and Aesthetic Evaluations of Container- and Field-grown Atlantic White Cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 429F—430. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.429f.

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Fifty-four taxa of Atlantic white cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.] were assembled and maintained. A protocol for propagation of Atlantic white cedar was established. Plants were grown in containers and in a replicated field plot. Height and width data were recorded from container- and field-grown plants and all taxa were evaluated for growth habit, growth rate, and summer and winter color. Color descriptions of foliage are provided based on the Royal Horticultural Society colour chart. Exceptional taxa were identified based on needle color, texture, growth habit, and growth rate. Superior green forms include Dirr Seedlings 1 and 2, `Emily', `Rachel', and `Okefenokee'. The superior variegated form is `Webb Gold'. Superior blue forms include `Blue Sport', `Glauca Pendula', and `Twombly Blue', and superior slow-growing forms include `Andelyensis', `Meth Dwarf', `Red Star', and `Heatherbun'. These taxa are recommended to growers, landscapers, and gardeners for production and use.

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Cho, Hye-Ryeong, and Jong-Sang Sung. "The Study about Popularization of Gardening and Its Development Process in the UK - Focused on the Royal Horticultural Society in the 19thCentury -." Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 44, no. 3 (2016): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9715/kila.2016.44.3.047.

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Boiteau, Gilles. "A RED COLOR MORPH OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 119, no. 10 (1987): 957–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent119957-10.

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The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), has a genetic system of great diversity and dynamic nature. This results in an enormous adaptability to a range of habitat conditions. Its genetic diversity is exemplified by the existence of color mutants (Tower 1906; Boiteau 1980, 1985).In the summer of 1986, a red-body mutant male beetle was found in a potato field on the grounds of the Research Station in Fredericton, N.B., Canada. No other red beetles could be found in spite of frequent monitoring of beetle populations. The specimen retains the normal black maculation throughout but all pale yellow to flavous areas of normal beetles have been replaced by the color red (Scarlet 19/3 of the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Charts, 1942). To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report of a red Colorado potato beetle in Canada. Previously, red potato beetles had only been reported from the semi-desertic area of Toluca, near Mexico City (Tower 1906).

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Olby, Robert. "William Bateson's Introduction of Mendelism to England: A Reassessment." British Journal for the History of Science 20, no. 4 (1987): 399–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400024201.

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The recognition of Gregor Mendel's achievement in his study of hybridization was signalled by the ‘rediscovery’ papers of Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and Erich Tschermak. The dates on which these papers were published are given in Table 1. The first of these—De Vries ‘Comptes rendus paper—was in French and made no mention of Mendel or his paper. The rest, led by De Vries’ Berichte paper, were in German and mentioned Mendel, giving the location of his paper. It has long been accepted that the first account of Mendel's work in English was given by the Cambridge zoologist, William Bateson, to an audience of Fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society in London on 8 May, 1900. This is based on two sources: the paper ‘Problems of Heredity as a Subject for Horticultural Investigation’, published in the Society's journal later that year and stated as ‘Read 8 May, 1900’, and Beatrice Bateson's account of the event over a quarter of a century later. Of the paper which her husband gave on that occasion she wrote:He had already prepared this paper, but in the train on his way to town to deliver it, he read Mendel's actual paper on peas for the first time. As a lecturer he was always cautious, suggesting rather than affirming his own convictions. So ready was he however for the simple Mendelian law that he at once incorporated it into his lecture.

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Post, Phillip C., and Mark A. Schlautman. "Measuring Camellia Petal Color Using a Portable Color Sensor." Horticulturae 6, no. 3 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6030053.

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The color of petals of flowering plants is often determined by comparing one or more of the petals to various Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Colour Chart cards until a color match is found. However, these cards are susceptible to fading with age and can also provide inaccurate results if lighting is not optimal. The cards also rely on the human eye to determine a match, which introduces the possibility of human error. The objectives of this study were to determine camellia (Camellia japonica L.) petal color using the RHS Colour Chart, to determine camellia petal color with the NixTM Pro color sensor (Nix Sensor Ltd., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada), and to compare these measurements using different color measuring approaches. Color measurements of camellia flower petals using the NixTM Pro color sensor were compared to published CIELAB values from the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Colour Chart. Forty-five petal color samples were collected from fifteen different camellia shrubs. The RHS Colour Chart was used for each of the petals, and the RHS identifications were recorded. Measurements using the NixTM Pro color sensor were compared to RHS-provided CIELAB values that corresponded with the recorded identification for each petal to determine accuracy. The NixTM Pro color sensor’s measurements were also compared to a mean of the values, multiple measurements on the same petal location, and multiple measurements on different petal locations to determine precision and variation. The Nix™ Pro color sensor’s readings were precise in petal color determination and provided more nuanced differences between petals of the same plant and plants of the same variety in each of the color categories. The RHS Colour Chart provided an accurate depiction of most petals, but it was difficult to use with petals that had wide color variation over the entire petal. The Nix™ Pro color sensor’s measurements appeared to have more variation in the b* color space. However, overall, the Nix™ Pro color sensor L*, a*, and b* values were highly correlated with the provided RHS values (p < 0.01), showing that the sensor can be used as an accurate and precise substitute for the RHS Colour Chart. The Nix™ Pro color sensor can be a useful, cost-effective tool to measure the petal color of camellia and other flowering plants and rectifies many of the problems associated with the RHS Colour Chart.

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Christian, Meaghan S., Charlotte EL Evans, and Janet E. Cade. "Does the Royal Horticultural Society Campaign for School Gardening increase intake of fruit and vegetables in children? Results from two randomised controlled trials." Public Health Research 2, no. 4 (2014): 1–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr02040.

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BackgroundChildren’s fruit and vegetable intake in the UK is low. Changing intake is challenging. Gardening in schools might be a vehicle for facilitating fruit and vegetable intake.ObjectivesTo undertake the first clustered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of a gardening intervention. To evaluate the impact of a school gardening programme, the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Campaign for School Gardening, on children’s fruit and vegetable intake.MethodsPrimary school children aged 8–11 years from eight London boroughs were included in one of two related RCTs. Trial 1 consisted of 23 schools, randomised to receive either a RHS-led or teacher-led intervention. Trial 2 consisted of 31 schools, randomised to either the teacher-led intervention or a comparison group. A 24-hour food diary [the Child And Diet Evaluation Tool (CADET)] collected baseline and follow-up dietary intake. Questionnaires measured children’s knowledge and attitudes towards fruit and vegetables and assessed intervention implementation. Data were collected by fieldworkers who were blind to the original allocation of the school. The primary outcome was change in fruit and vegetable intake analysed using a random effects model, based on intention to treat.ResultsTotal sample size at baseline for both trials (2529 children) was lower than the original aim of 2900 children. The final sample size was 1557, with 641 children completing trial 1 (RHS-led,n = 312; teacher-led,n = 329) and 916 children completing trial 2 (teacher-led,n = 488; control,n = 428). The response rate at follow-up for the two combined was 62%.Baseline analysis of children’s fruit and vegetable intake showed that eating a family meal together, cutting up fruit and vegetables, and parental modelling of fruit and vegetable intakes were all associated with higher intakes of fruit and vegetables in children.The primary trial outcome, combined fruit and vegetable intake, showed that in trial 1 the teacher-led group had a mean change in intake of 8 g [95% confidence interval (CI) –19 to 36 g], compared with a mean of –32 g (95% CI –60 to –3 g) in the RHS-led group. However, this difference was not significant (intervention effect –43 g, 95% CI –88 to 1 g;p = 0.06). In trial 2, the teacher-led group consumed 15 g (95% CI –36 to 148 g) more fruit and vegetables than the comparison group; this difference was not significant. No change was found in children’s knowledge and attitudes. However, if schools improved their RHS gardening score by three levels, children had a higher intake of 81 g of fruit and vegetables (95% CI 0 to 163 g;p = 0.05) compared with schools with no change in gardening score.ConclusionResults from these trials provide little evidence that school gardening alone can improve children’s fruit and vegetable intake. In both trials, gardening levels increased across all groups from baseline to follow-up, with no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of improvement in gardening level. This lack of differentiation between groups is likely to have influenced the primary outcome. However, when the gardening intervention was implemented at the highest intensities there was a suggestion that it could improve children’s fruit and vegetable intake by a portion. Analysis of the baseline data showed that family support for fruit and vegetable intakes was associated with higher intakes of fruit and vegetables in children. This study highlights the need for more sophisticated and accurate tools to evaluate diet in children. Future intervention designs should include a greater level of parental involvement in school interventions, along with related components such as cooking, to substantially improve children’s fruit and vegetable intake. In addition, the home environment has been demonstrated to be an important focus for intervention.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN11396528.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 2, No. 4. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Gash, Sarah. "RHS Plant Finder 15th edition2002140RHS Plant Finder 15th edition. London: Royal Horticultural Society; Dorling Kindersley 2001. 960 pp, ISBN: 0 7513 3254 2 £12.99." Reference Reviews 16, no. 3 (2002): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.2002.16.3.28.140.

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THOMPSON, J. "SMITHERS, P. Adventures of a gardener. The Harvill Press, London with The Royal Horticultural Society: 1995. Pp 211. Price £30.00. ISBN 1-86046-059-3." Archives of Natural History 23, no. 1 (1996): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1996.23.1.150.

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Nelson, E. Charles. "Occasional papers from the RHS Lindley Library. The Royal Horticultural Society, 80 Vincent Square, London SW1P 2PE. ISSN 2043-0477. Volumes 1–5 (2009–2011)." Archives of Natural History 38, no. 2 (2011): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2011.0048.

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Helpingstine, Willie, Ellen T. Paparozzi, and Walter W. Stroup. "643 The Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Applications on Hydrangeas." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 508C—508. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.508c.

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Hydrangeas are sold as a potted florist plant during the spring, usually around Mothers Day and Easter. They are considered “heavy feeders” because of their high requirement for nitrogen. Two experiments were conducted to determine if the addition of sulfur (S) would allow lower rates of nitrogen (N) to be applied without sacrificing plant color and quality. Hydrangea macrophylla `Blue Danube' were fertilized with four levels of N (50, 100, 200, and 450 ppm) in combination with six levels of S (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 ppm) during a typical forcing program. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a complete factorial treatment design. Data collected included visual observations (using the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart) on leaf color and uniformity of flower color as well as flower shape. Quantitative data included flower diameter, floret diameter, height, and N an S leaf concentrations. Soil pH was monitored throoughout the experiment and remained fairly constant (range of 5.0–6.0). Additional sulfur seemed to have no effect on leaf color at the higher levels of N. Lower concentrations of N produced more true blue flower color. Also, at lower N concentrations, higher S resulted in larger flowers with larger florets.

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Sharp, Lizzie, Clare Hurst, Jassy Draculic, and Matthew Cromey. "Student Project Environmental influences on box blight epidemics." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 18 (February 21, 2020): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2020.287.

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Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae are two recently differentiated fungal species responsible for box blight, a disease that threatens the Buxus genus. Infection can be introduced to gardens on new plants and is spread through the use of tools. The fungus survives on stem lesions and fallen leaves when spores are dispersed by rainsplash. In this study, 195 Calonectria UK isolates collected by the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Advisory Service were identified to species level. Detached stem assays were performed to assess how long stem and leaf lesions remain infectious, and their sensitivity to fungicides. A survey was also carried out at three National Trust properties on the effect of clipping on box blight distribution and severity. It was found that C. henricotiae was only present in and after 2011. C. henricotiae is more thermotolerant, and the increase in prevalence may be a result of increasing temperature and longer dry spells in the UK. Sporulation could occur multiple times on both stem and leaf lesions in humid conditions, although spore production dropped markedly after six sporulation events. Fungicides were effective at preventing spore production on stem lesions. Long dry spells may also reduce Calonectria’s ability to sporulate, leading to limited box blight spread between plants.

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Drakulic, Jassy, Caroline Gorton, Ana Perez-Sierra, Gerard Clover, and Liz Beal. "Associations Between Armillaria Species and Host Plants in U.K. Gardens." Plant Disease 101, no. 11 (2017): 1903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-17-0472-re.

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Honey fungus (Armillaria spp.) root rot is the disease most frequently inquired about by U.K. gardeners to the Royal Horticultural Society. Armillaria epidemiology has been studied within forestry and agriculture, but data are lacking within gardens, which have greater host plant diversity than orchards and vineyards and greater disturbance than woodlands. Which Armillaria species are responsible for garden disease, and how the broad range of susceptible ornamentals are differentially affected is not known. To address this, isolates of Armillaria were obtained from dead and dying plants from across the U.K. over a 4-year period (2004 to 2007). Species were identified by PCR-RFLP for IGS, and further verified by species-specific PCR for EF-1 α. Of the seven species known in the U.K., three were identified: A. mellea (83.1%), A. gallica (15.8%), and A. ostoyae (1.1%). Armillaria was isolated from trees, shrubs, and nonwoody plants including bulbs and vegetables, with newly recorded hosts listed herein. A. mellea was associated with infections of multiple hosts, and with all infections of the most common host, Ligustrum. In sites where more than one Armillaria species was found, the combination was of A. mellea and A. gallica, raising questions regarding the interactions of these species in U.K. gardens.

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SINAY, HERMALINA, and RITHA L. KARUWAL. "Short Communication: Genetic variability of local corn cultivars from Kisar Island, Maluku, Indonesia based on morphological characters." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 6 (2018): 2302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190638.

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Sinay H, Karuwal RL. 2018. Short Communication: Genetic variability of local corn cultivars from Kisar Island, Maluku, Indonesia based on morphological characters. Biodiversitas 19: 2302-2307. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of local corn cultivars derived from Kisar Island based on the morphological characterization. The research was conducted in Kisar Island, Southwest Maluku District, Maluku Province, Indonesia. The morphological characterization was performed on 5 stem characters, 14 leaf characters, 15 male flower characters, 2 female flower characters, 12 cob characters, and 12 seed characters. The description was conducted using the corn descriptor guide by CIMMYT, IBPGR, UPOV, and Departemen Pertanian Republik Indonesia. Color standardization was conducted following standard color charts from the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart. The data was described and scored based on the appearance of each plant organ observed in the field relative to the descriptor guide. The scoring results were then standardized into 0/1 binary data, which were then analyzed by NTSYS program used for dendrogram construction. Cluster analysis shows that there are two main groups of corn cultivars. The first group consists of merah delima tongkol cokelat, merah darah, putih, kuning genjah, and merah delima tongkol putih. The second group consists of kuning dalam and pulut cultivars.

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TAKEUCHI, W. "Rhododendrons of subgenus Vireya. George Argent (with contributions by David Mitchell, Louise Galloway and Stephan Helfer). London: Royal Horticultural Society and the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 2006. xii + 382pp. ISBN 1 902896 61 0. £55 (hardback)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 63, no. 2-3 (2006): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428606210643.

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Wang, Ninghang, Chao Zhang, Sainan Bian, et al. "Flavonoid Components of Different Color Magnolia Flowers and Their Relationship to Cultivar Selections." HortScience 54, no. 3 (2019): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13462-18.

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Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) is widely cultivated for its beauty; however, despite this, the components of the different flower colors in Magnolia have not been elucidated. In this study, the color parameters of 10 Magnolia petals with different colors were measured by the Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart (RHSCC) and a color reader CR-10. The composition and content of the flavonoids in the petals were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) as well as HPLC with electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS2). All results showed that the 10 petals were divided into four color groups. Regarding the flavonoid composition, four types of anthocyanins, including Cyanidin-glucosyl-rhamnoside (Cy-GR), Cyanidin-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside (Cy-GRG), Peonidin-glucosyl-rhamnoside (Pn-GR), and Peonidin-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside (Pn-GRG), were identified, as well as 10 types of flavonols. The flavonols included isorhamnetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and their glycosides, which included rutinoside, rhamnose, and glucoside. Cyanidin and peonidin make Magnolia petals appear red-purple and purple, respectively, and the flavonols perform as evident auxiliary pigments, particularly quercetin. The Magnolia cultivar flower phenotypes sampled in this study differed by changes in their existing flavonoid content rather than by the appearance of new flavonoids. Consequently, this study provides a reference for further revealing the basis of Magnolia flower color and provides clues for color breeding.

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Rosińska, Agnieszka, Hanna Dorna, Dorota Szopińska, and Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska. "Experimental Paper. The effect of colour grading of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) seeds on their quality for sowing." Herba Polonica 63, no. 1 (2017): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hepo-2017-0001.

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Summary Introduction: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is a medicinal plant belonging to Asteraceae family. Extract from milk thistle achenes (termed in practice as seeds) contains sylimarin, which protects liver cells against inorganic and organic toxic compounds. Objective: The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of colour grading on the quality of milk thistle seeds. Methods: Seeds were graded manually by colour according to the Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart, issued in Great Britain. In three samples two fractions of seeds were separated: beige and brown, whereas seeds of the fourth sample were graded into three fractions: yellow, beige and brown. The 1000-seed weight and germination of graded and non-graded seeds were evaluated. Infestation of graded seeds with fungi was assessed. Results: Brown seeds had a higher 1000-seed weight than beige or yellow ones. Germination at the final count of beige seeds did not differ as compared to that of brown seeds or was even better. Milk thistle seeds were infested with numerous fungi, however Alternaria alternata and Ulocladium consortiale predominated. Conclusions: Less mature beige seeds can be used as sowing material because their germination at the final count did not differ as compared to that of fully mature brown seeds or was even better. Infestation of these seeds with some of the fungi was lower than brown seeds.

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Bao, Mingyue, Minmin Liu, Qingxia Zhang, Tonglin Wang, Xia Sun, and Jinguang Xu. "Factors Affecting the Color of Herbaceous Peony." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 145, no. 4 (2020): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs04892-20.

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Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a well-known ornamental plant with abundant flower colors. However, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of flower color formation is limited. In this study, a wild sample of herbaceous peony (collected from Heze, China) and eight cultivars with different colors were selected for experimental investigation. The Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart was used to determine flower color, and the anatomic structure; cell sap pH value; moisture content (MC); condensed tannin content (Ct); soluble sugar and soluble protein content of the petals; and content and composition of anthocyanin, flavonoids, and carotenoids in the petals were examined. 1) In the white, pinkish white, pale purple, purplish pink, and reddish purple cultivars, deeper color was associated with greater total amounts of anthocyanin (TA). Hypochromic effects were observed for kaempferol-7-O-glucoside (Km7G), myricetin-3-rhamnoside (My3R), and luteolin-7-O-glucoside (Lu7G). The accumulation of quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Qu3G) and lutein affected yellow color formation in the petals. 2) There are papillate epidermal cells in the petals of the wild P. lactiflora sample, ‘Lanyucangjin’, and ‘Dongjingnvlang’. 3) Cell sap pH and MC of the petals of white, pinkish white, pale purple, and purplish pink cultivars were greater than those of the purplish red and most of the reddish purple cultivars. 4) The Ct was greatest in the purplish red cultivars, whereas no condensed tannins were detected in the white, pinkish white, and pale purple cultivars. 5) There were no significant correlations among soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, and the other physiological indications.

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Bowen-O'Connor*, Clare A., Rolston St Hilaire, John Hubsten-berger, and Dawn VanLeeuwen. "Enhanced Axillary Branching and Pigment Development of Double-Node Explants of Bigtooth Maple." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 755D—755. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.755d.

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Bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum Nutt.) is indigenous to the southwestern United States. This species is not widely used in managed landscapes but the plant holds promise as a useful ornamental tree. Micropropagation might provide additional sources of selected genotypes for the nursery industry, but tissue culture has not been used successfully to propagate this species. We cultured double-node explants from greenhouse-grown, 2-year old seedlings of bigtooth maples that originated from Utah, Texas and New Mexico. Seedling height ranged from 15-90 cm. The shoot region was divided into three equal zones designated as terminal, intermediate and basal. Explants were selected from each of those zones. Explants were established on Murashige-Skoog (MS), Linsmaier-Skoog (LS), Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Driver-Kuniyuki (DKW) tissue culture media. Shoot proliferation, area of the plate covered by callus and foliar pigment development (hue as determined by Royal Horticultural Society Color charts) were monitored for 17 weeks. Media affected shoot proliferation (P = 0.0042) but the zone of origin (P = 0.6664) of the explant did not. Callus area showed no significant difference among the four media and three zones (P = 0.2091) and averaged 3.60 centimeters2. After four subcultures, each lasting 30 days, explants on DKW media produced 10 shoots per explant. This media might hold promise for the micropropagation of bigtooth maple. Twenty-nine percent of all explants expressed foliar pigmentation, which ranged from red-purple to orange-red. Whether foliar pigment development in tissue culture correlates with expressed pigmentation in nature warrants further investigation.

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SMITH, GORDON. "ELLIOTT, B. The treasures of the Royal Horticultural Society: 350 years of botanical illustration. The Herbert Press, London: 1994. Pp 160: 70 colour plates. Price: £ 25.00. ISBN: 1-871-569-68-0." Archives of Natural History 22, no. 2 (1995): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1995.22.2.291a.

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Donoso, Amanda, Constanza Rivas, Alan Zamorano, Álvaro Peña, Michael Handford, and Danilo Aros. "Understanding Alstroemeria pallida Flower Colour: Links between Phenotype, Anthocyanins and Gene Expression." Plants 10, no. 1 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010055.

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Flower colour is mainly due to the accumulation of flavonoids, carotenoids and betalains in the petals. Of these pigments, flavonoids are responsible for a wide variety of colours ranging from pale yellow (flavones, flavonols and flavanodiols) to blue-violet (anthocyanins). This character plays a crucial ecological role by attracting and guiding pollinators. Moreover, in the ornamental plants market, colour has been consistently identified as the main feature chosen by consumers when buying flowers. Considering the importance of this character, the aim of this study was to evaluate flower colour in the native Chilean geophyte Alstroemeria pallida, by using three different approaches. Firstly, the phenotype was assessed using both a colour chart and a colourimeter, obtaining CIELab parameters. Secondly, the anthocyanin content of the pigmented tepals was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and finally, the expression of two key flavonoid genes, chalcone synthase (CHS) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) was analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Visual evaluation of A. pallida flower colour identified 5 accessions, ranging from white (Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) N999D) to pink (RHS 68C). Moreover, this visual evaluation of the accessions correlated highly with the CIELab parameters obtained by colourimetry. An anthocyanidin corresponding to a putative 6-hydroxycyanidin was identified, which was least abundant in the white accession (RHS N999D). Although CHS was not expressed differentially between the accessions, the expression of ANS was significantly higher in the accession with pink flowers (RHS 68C). These results suggest a correlation between phenotype, anthocyanin content and ANS expression for determining flower colour of A. pallida, which could be of interest for further studies, especially those related to the breeding of this species with ornamental value.

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Cromey, Matthew G., Jassy Drakulic, Elizabeth J. Beal, Ian A. G. Waghorn, Joe N. Perry, and Gerard R. G. Clover. "Susceptibility of Garden Trees and Shrubs to Armillaria Root Rot." Plant Disease 104, no. 2 (2020): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-19-1147-re.

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Armillaria root rot (ARR) is a serious disease of woody plants caused by several species of Armillaria. Armillaria isolates from diagnostic samples received in 2017 were identified by genus- and species-specific PCR and compared with isolates from an earlier survey (2004 to 2007). The results were comparable and, therefore, were combined for further analysis. Three species were identified: Armillaria mellea (83%), A. gallica (15%), and A. ostoyae (2%). Their wide host range makes choice of resistant plants in management of the disease difficult. We used the Royal Horticultural Society diagnostic dataset of ARR records from U.K. gardens to compare the susceptibility of different host genera to the disease. The dataset was compared with an earlier experiment at the University of California. An index-based approach was used to separate genera into three categories: 77 low-index (<0.99), 37 medium-index (0.99 to 1.76), and 56 high-index (>1.76) genera were recorded. All three species were associated with both angiosperms and gymnosperms; moreover, A. ostoyae did not show the host preference for gymnosperms that has been reported elsewhere. A. gallica was particularly common on herbaceous perennials and showed a trend to occur on resistant hosts that may be under other stress, supporting its description as an opportunistic pathogen. Four monocotyledons grown as trees or shrubs in U.K. gardens had a very low ARR index according to indices associated with A. mellea and A. ostoyae. Genera in the order Myrtales were almost always low index, while those in the Saxifragales and Fagales were mostly high index. These results provide confidence in the use of host resistance as part of the integrated management of ARR.

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NELSON, E. C. "G. S. THOMAS. A garden of roses. Watercolours by Alfred Parsons, RA. Pavilion Books in association with the Royal Horticultural Society, London: 1987. Pp 160; illustrated. Price £8.50. ISBN 1-85145-059-9." Archives of Natural History 18, no. 3 (1991): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1991.18.3.417a.

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Meyer, Christine, Ellen T. Paparozzi*, Scott J. Josiah, and Erin M. Blankenship. "Assessing Color Change in Woody Floral Stems." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 836A—836. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.836a.

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Woody floral stems are an emerging specialty crop within the floral industry, and stem color is a key to marketability. This study was conducted to assess stem color change over time in order to determine the optimum window for stem harvest. Plants of `Scarlet curls', `Flame' willow, `Bailey', `Cardinal' and `Yellow twig' dogwood were planted in a randomized complete block design in rows parallel to a windbreak.. Each experimental unit consisted of a group of five plants, each of the same cultivar. Plants were initially tagged at a set height and stem diameter and measured for color. Each stem was also tagged with one of three colored tapes, according to initial color: green for green colored stems, red for stems already showing color change, and pink for intermediate colored stems. Color was assessed initially and on a weekly basis for 10 weeks, starting at the end of September, using the Royal Horticultural Society color chart. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures procedure. `Scarlet curls' and `Flame' stems, already displaying color, attained the darkest color value for their cultivar at an early stage and were at the point of harvest in early November, while stems that were initially green never attained a similar dark color value. `Yellow twig' dogwood stems already displaying color and those beginning to color attained the darkest color value in late November. `Cardinal' stems attained a darker color value more quickly than other dogwood stems. In most cases, stems of `Cardinal' dogwood could be harvested from early October until early December, while early November was the optimum time to harvest `Bailey' dogwood stems. Woody florals planted closest to the windbreak were more variable in color development and, in some cases, appeared to be more vigorous.

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ALLEN, DAVID. "STEARN, W. T. (editor). John Lindley 1799–1865: gardener–botanist and pioneer orchidologist. Antique Collectors' Club in association with the Royal Horticultural Society, Woodbridge, Suffolk: 1999. Pp 232. Price £ 29.50. ISBN 1-85149-296-8." Archives of Natural History 28, no. 1 (2001): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2001.28.1.152.

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Duckett, Bob. "RHS Plant Finder 1999‐2000 13th edition99384Edited by Tony Lord for the Royal Horticultural Society. RHS Plant Finder 1999‐2000 13th edition. London, New York and Sydney: Dorling Kindersley 1999. 958 pp, ISBN: 0 7513 0668 1 £12.99." Reference Reviews 13, no. 7 (1999): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.1999.13.7.29.384.

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Noltie, H. J. "John Lindley, 1799–1865, Gardener-Botanist and Pioneer Orchidologist. Edited by W. T. Stearn. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club with the Royal Horticultural Society. 1999. 232pp, 43 colour plates, 29 b/w figures. ISBN 1 85149 296 8. £29.50 (hardback)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 56, no. 3 (1999): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600001414.

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France, J. "Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Meeting of the AFRC Modellers' Group." Journal of Agricultural Science 122, no. 1 (1994): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600065916.

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This group, which is concerned with the applications of mathematics to agricultural science, is sponsored by the Agricultural and Food Research Council. It was formed in 1970, and has since met at approximately yearly intervals in London for one-day meetings. The twenty-fourth meeting of the group, chaired by Dr M. A. Scaife of Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne, was held in the Wellcome Meeting Room at the Royal Society, 6 Carlton House Terrace, London on Friday, 8 October 1993, when the following papers were read.

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Malcolm Watson, W. "The RHS Plant Finder 1998‐99 12th edition98451Chris Philip Compiled by The Royal Horticultural Society, Edited by Tony Lord with the Botanists of the RHS Garden, Wisley. The RHS Plant Finder 1998‐99 12th edition. London: Dorling Kindersley 1998. 914 + [14] + xv, [4] pp, ISBN: 0 7513 0512 X; ISSN 0961‐2599 £12.99." Reference Reviews 12, no. 8 (1998): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.1998.12.8.31.451.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Royal Horticultural Society'

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