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1
Petrow, Stefan. "Civilizing Mission: Animal Protection in Hobart 1878–1914." Britain and the World 5, no. 1 (March 2012): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2012.0035.
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The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was one of the most prominent pressure groups in nineteenth-century England. This middle-class reform group, inspired by the Christian faith, led the movement to defend animals from mistreatment. It enforced the law using its army of Inspectors and used education to engender kindness towards animals. While historians have debated the work of the RSPCA at length, they have paid less attention to the work of branches of the SPCA established in the British colonies. This article focuses on the activities of the Tasmanian SPCA from its formation in 1878 to the suspension of its activities in 1914. The Tasmanian society was inspired by the philosophy and methods of the parent society and initiated a ‘civilizing mission’ to deal with the widespread cruelty to animals in the capital Hobart. This article assesses the work of the society in protecting domestic animals, especially horses, which were widely used for work, transport and recreation. Although difficult to measure changing cultural attitudes, by 1914 the TSPCA seems to have helped change long established practices and ensured that the law was of more than symbolic protection to animals.
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Feuerstein, Anna. "“I Promise to Protect Dumb Creatures”." Society & Animals 23, no. 2 (June 4, 2015): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341339.
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This paper argues that the Christian discourse disseminated by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (rspca) in the early Victorian period represents nonhuman animals as complicit in their own subjection. Using Foucault’s notion of pastoral power—a power of care—we can recognize rspca discourse as constructing animal subjects who desire to remain subject to humankind. This essay demonstrates how three animal welfare tracts submitted to the rspca for a contest in 1837 rely on Christian discourse and construct animal subjects who willingly subject themselves to human needs and desires. These texts, one of which was the winner and published by the rspca, demonstrate that the construction of animal subjectivity within animal welfare discourse presents a striking form of power over animals that has not yet been noticed by other critics.
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Flegel, Monica. "“HOW DOES YOUR COLLAR SUIT ME?”: THE HUMAN ANIMAL IN THE RSPCA'S ANIMAL WORLD AND BAND OF MERCY." Victorian Literature and Culture 40, no. 1 (March 2012): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150311000350.
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There is a central contradiction in human relationships with animals: as Erica Fudge notes, “We live with animals, we recognize them, we even name some of them, but at the same time we use them as if they were inanimate, as if they were objects” (8). Such a contradiction is also, of course, present in human interactions, in which power relations allow for the objectification of one human being by another. In an analysis of images and texts produced by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in the nineteenth-century, I want to examine the overlap in representations of animals and humans as subject to objectification and control. One common way of critiquing human treatment of animals within the RSPCA's journals, Animal World and Band of Mercy, was to have humans trade places with animals: having boys fantastically shrunk to the size of the animals they tortured, for example, or imagining the horrors of vivisection when experienced by humans. Such imaginative exercises were meant to defamiliarize animal usage by implying a shared experience of suffering: what was wrong for a human was clearly just as wrong for an animal. However, I argue that some of the images employed by the society suggest the opposite; instead of constructing animal cruelty in a new light, these images instead work to underline the shared proximity of particular humans with animals. In texts that focus specifically upon humans wearing animal bonds – reins, collars, and muzzles – the RSPCA's anti-cruelty discourse both critiqued the tools of bondage and, I suggest, invited the audience to see deep connections between animals and the humans taking their place. Such connections ultimately weaken the force of the animal/human reversal as an animal rights strategy, suggesting as they do that humans themselves often have use value in economies of labor, affect, and are subject to the same power relations that produce an animal as “animal.”
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Everest, David James, Akbar Dastjerdi, Nadia Inglese, Alex Barlow, and David Couper. "First report of papillomatosis due to papillomavirus in a Eurasian badger (Meles meles)." Veterinary Record Case Reports 7, no. 3 (September 2019): e000912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000912.
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A live Eurasian badger (Meles meles) was admitted to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre, West Hatch, Somerset, on August 10, 2018. It had been found in a local garden entangled in electric fencing. Examination of the badger under anaesthesia revealed a small number of papillomatous lesions on the right cheek and samples of the lesions were submitted to Animal and Plant Health Agency. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the lesion material confirmed the presence of a papillomavirus and further histological examination of tissue samples from the lesion revealed features consistent with a finding of papillomatosis. Here we report the first diagnosis of papillomatosis due to a papillomavirus in Eurasian badgers, another infectious agent detected in this species.
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Ewbank, Roger. "Editorial." Animal Welfare 5, no. 3 (August 1996): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600018790.
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This issue of the journal contains, for the first time, a Guest Editorial. This type of contribution, which is to be an occasional feature of the journal, is written at the invitation of the Editor-in-Chief and allows eminent outsiders to pass informed comment on current and controversial animal welfare problems. The first of these Guest Editorials is by David Bowles, the European Officer of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), and describes the background to and the present situation re the attempt by the European Community to ban the importation of furs obtained by the use of the leghold (gin) trap. He paints a somewhat gloomy picture of what happens when European animal welfare interests fall foul of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) obligations.
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Jennings, M., M. J. Prescott, Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith, Malcolm R. Gamble, Mauvis Gore, Penny Hawkins, Robert Hubrecht, et al. "Refinements in husbandry, care and common procedures for non-human primates." Laboratory Animals 43, no. 1_suppl (April 2009): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/la.2008.007143.
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Preface Whenever animals are used in research, minimizing pain and distress and promoting good welfare should be as important an objective as achieving the experimental results. This is important for humanitarian reasons, for good science, for economic reasons and in order to satisfy the broad legal principles in international legislation. It is possible to refine both husbandry and procedures to minimize suffering and improve welfare in a number of ways, and this can be greatly facilitated by ensuring that up-to-date information is readily available. The need to provide such information led the British Veterinary Association Animal Welfare Foundation (BVAAWF), the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME), the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) and the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) to establish a Joint Working Group on Refinement (JWGR) in the UK. The chair is Professor David Morton and the secretariat is provided by the RSPCA. This report is the ninth in the JWGR series. The RSPCA is opposed to the use of animals in experiments that cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm and together with FRAME has particular concerns about the continued use of non-human primates. The replacement of primate experiments is a primary goal for the RSPCA and FRAME. However, both organizations share with others in the Working Group, the common aim of replacing primate experiments wherever possible, reducing suffering and improving welfare while primate use continues. The reports of the refinement workshops are intended to help achieve these aims. This report produced by the British Veterinary Association Animal Welfare Foundation (BVAAWF)/Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME)/Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA)/Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) Joint Working Group on Refinement (JWGR) sets out practical guidance on refining the husbandry and care of non-human primates (hereinafter primates) and on minimizing the adverse effects of some common procedures. It provides a valuable resource to help understand the physical, social and behavioural characteristics and needs of individual primates, and is intended to develop and complement the existing literature and legislative guidelines. Topics covered include refinements in housing, husbandry and common procedures such as restraint, identification and sampling, with comprehensive advice on issues such as primate communication, assessing and facilitating primate wellbeing, establishing and maintaining social groups, environmental and nutritional enrichment and animal passports. The most commonly used species are the key focus of this resource, but its information and recommendations are generally applicable to other species, provided that relevant individual species characteristics are taken into account.
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Pockett, Jessica, Bronwyn Orr, Evelyn Hall, Wye Li Chong, and Mark Westman. "Investigating the Impact of Indemnity Waivers on the Length of Stay of Cats at an Australian Shelter." Animals 9, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9020050.
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Due to resource limitations, animal shelters in Australia historically have focused on rehoming animals considered ‘highly adoptable’. Increasingly, animal shelters in Australia are rehoming animals with pre-existing medical and/or behavioural issues. These animals are often rehomed with an ‘indemnity waiver’ to transfer the responsibility of ongoing financial costs associated with these conditions from the shelter to the new owner. However, it is unknown what effect these indemnity waivers have on the length of stay (LOS) of animals prior to adoption. The current study used data collected from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Weston shelter located in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia in 2017 to investigate the effect of indemnity waivers on the LOS of cats. A restricted maximum likelihood model (REML) was used to determine the effect of breed, age, coat colour, presence of a waiver, waiver type (categorised into seven groups) and waiver number (no waiver, single waiver or multiple waivers) on LOS. In the final multivariate model, age, breed and waiver number were found to influence LOS. Young cats, purebred cats and cats adopted without a waiver were adopted fastest. This study is the first to report the effect of indemnity waivers on the adoptability of cats from shelters.
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Marchena Domínguez, José. "Orígenes del movimiento proteccionista: algunos conceptos y fundamentos." Pangeas. Revista Interdisciplinar de Ecocrítica, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/pangeas2019.1.03.
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Desde 1824 con la creación de la Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) en Londres, las protectoras destinaron su tiempo a desarrollar acciones en defensa de un mundo más respetuoso con el medio ambiente, y ello desde varios niveles: la lucha desde el marco legal que permitiera una normativa cada vez más consecuente con el mundo animal y vegetal; las movilizaciones desde grandes ciudades hasta pequeñas poblaciones para evitar acciones inhumanas desde la cotidianeidad, el modelo socioeconómico y el ocio; y el desarrollo de un corpus teórico y una vanguardia propagandista, pedagógica y formativa. Muchos de los fundamentos ideológicos que dieron base a estos proteccionistas decimonónicos –anotamos al británico Salt entre otros‒, provinieron de la evolución teórica acerca de las actitudes morales para con los animales y la naturaleza –Grecia, sociedades cristianas y orientales, renacimiento, racionalismo, utilitarismo y contractualismo principalmente‒. Reflejamos desde la perspectiva cultural proteccionista cómo se produjo este tránsito desde los primeros conceptos, hasta la consolidación de una teoría sensible con el medioambiente en el escenario de las sociedades modernas e industriales de Europa y América.
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Fernandes Lima, Thais, Ariel Eurides Stella, Flávio Barbosa da Silva, and Gracielle Teles Pádua. "BEM-ESTAR ANIMAL: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA AMBIÊNCIA E DO MANEJO NA PRODUÇÃO E ABATE DE FRANGOS DE CORTE." Veterinária e Zootecnia 27 (November 4, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2020.v27.487.
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O modelo de produção mais utilizado na avicultura brasileira é o sistema de integração entre produtores e frigoríficos, o que permite a análise completa da cadeia produtiva e o estudo sistematizado da correlação entre estrutura, manejo e ambiente proporcionado às aves. Diante deste cenário, objetivou-se identificar os principais pontos vulneráveis da cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte relacionados à ambiência e ao manejo, caracterizando o nível de atendimento das normas de bem-estar animal (BEA) em estabelecimentos de criação e abate de aves, localizados no Sudoeste Goiano. Desta forma, procedeu-se à verificação de recomendações norteadas pelas diretrizes da Humane Farm Animal Care (HFAC) e da Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) em vinte granjas e três frigoríficos distribuídos pela região amostrada. Os dados foram analisados pelo método descritivo. Como resultado, foram observadas falhas técnicas, de manejo e estruturais nas etapas pré-abate, bem como nos procedimentos industriais nos estabelecimentos avaliados, além da total ausência de enriquecimento ambiental.
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Almeida, António, and Isilda Rodrigues. "Experimentação Animal: apontamentos acerca da crueldade na História da Ciência." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 27 (January 5, 2024): 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2023v27espp433-450.
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Resumo O progresso científico permitiu uma melhoria indiscutível na qualidade de vida humana e de outros animais. Todavia, este sucesso é frequentemente apresentado sem menção dos custos a ele associados. Tendo como referência o período da ciência moderna, iniciado e consolidado nos séculos XVI e XVII, o aumento de grande parte do conhecimento científico fez-se com recurso à experimentação em humanos e animais. Num claro exemplo de permeabilidade da ciência aos valores hierárquicos vigentes na sociedade, escravos e prisioneiros foram utilizados em experiências diversas, assim como os mais pobres e vulneráveis (por exemplo, pessoas com doenças mentais). Igualmente comum foi a prática de testagem em pacientes antes de estar garantida a segurança das substâncias inoculadas. A prática de vivissecção e dissecação de animais era também generalizada, sendo usados com frequência cães, ratos, coelhos, gatos, cavalos e veados, generalizando-se o uso de primatas no século XX. Cientistas como o português Amato Lusitano (1511-1568), o inglês William Harvey (1578-1657), os franceses Claude Bernard (1813-1878), Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) ou o alemão Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) são apenas alguns exemplos do uso da experimentação animal nas suas descobertas. Mas, se mobilizar princípios éticos fundamentais dos dias de hoje em práticas ocorridas no passado parece não fazer sentido, importa evidenciar que as práticas cientificas descritas foram um dos fatores que conduziram ao surgimento de percursores dos direitos humanos e dos animais e à criação no século XIX de associações como a Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) e da Société Protectrice des Animaux (SPA) que iniciaram a luta organizada contra a crueldade sobre os animais. Estes e outros movimentos conduziram à situação atual em que o uso de animais em investigação científica continua a ser um tema controverso, e em que os princípios da substituição, redução e refinamento têm vindo a ser adotados. Neste texto pretende-se apresentar ocontributos de alguns cientistas para a história da experimentação animal nos últimos 5 séculos. Recorre-se à análise documental de algumas obras de autores de referência, a saber: Bory (2013), Newton (2013) e Guerreni (2022), embora outros autores sejam igualmente mobilizados. Palavras-chave: Experimentação Animal, Vivissecção, Ética, Bem-estar animal Abstract Scientific progress has allowed an indisputable improvement in the quality of life for humans and other animals. However, this success is often presented without mentioning the costs associated with it. Taking the period of modern science as reference, which began and consolidated in the 16th and 17th centuries, the increase of part of scientific knowledge was achieved through experimentation on humans and animals. In a clear example of the permeability of science to the hierarchical values prevailing in society, slaves and prisoners were used in different experiments, as well as the poorest and most vulnerable (for example, people with mental illnesses). Equally common was the practice of testing patients before the safety of the inoculated substances was guaranteed. The practice of vivisection and dissection on animals was also generalized, being dogs, rats, rabbits, cats, horses and deer frequently used, and primates generalized only in the 20th century. Scientists such as the Portuguese Amato Lusitano (1511-1568), the English William Harvey (1578-1657), the French Claude Bernard (1813-1878) and Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) or the German Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) are just a few examples of the use of animal experimentation in their discoveries. But, if mobilizing fundamental ethical principles of today in practices that occurred in the past does not seem to make sense, it is important to highlight that the scientific practices described were one of the factors that led to the emergence of precursors of human and animal rights and to the creation in the 19th century of associations such as the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) and the Société Protectrice des Animaux (SPA) which initiated the organized fight against cruelty to animals. These and other movements have led to the current situation in which the use of animals in scientific research continues to be a controversial topic, and in which the principles of substitution, reduction and refinement have been adopted. This text aims to present the contributions of some scientists to the history of animal experimentation in the last 5 centuries. Documentary analysis of some works by reference authors, namely: Bory (2013), Newton (2013) and Guerreni (2022) was privileged, although other texts are also referenced. Keywords: Animal Experiments, Vivisection, Ethics, Animal Welfare
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Sloan, Brian. "THE “DISINHERITED” DAUGHTER AND THE DISAPPROVING MOTHER." Cambridge Law Journal 75, no. 1 (March 2016): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197316000180.
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MELITA Jackson died in 2004, leaving an estate worth £486,000. In 2002, she had made a will in which she left a £5,000 legacy to the BBC Benevolent Fund and divided the remainder of her estate between the Blue Cross, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (“the Charities”). Mrs. Jackson had also written a letter of wishes in which she explained her decision to exclude her only daughter, Heather, from her will. Heather had left home in 1978 at the age of 17, without her mother's knowledge or agreement, in order to live with Mr. Ilott, whom Heather later married. Mrs. Jackson clearly disapproved of her daughter's choice of lifestyle. Heather and her husband had five children (the last one living at home, being due to go to university in 2015) and lived in straitened financial circumstances. For example, Heather never went on holiday, found it difficult to afford clothes for the children and a range of food, and possessed many items that were old or second-hand. Despite attempts at reconciliation, mother and daughter were estranged for some 26 years, and Heather was fully aware before Mrs. Jackson's death that she was due to be excluded from the will.
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Snowdon, John, Graeme Halliday, Rosemary Elliott, Glenn E. Hunt, and Steve Coleman. "Mental health of animal hoarders: a study of consecutive cases in New South Wales." Australian Health Review 44, no. 3 (2020): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah19103.
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Objective The aim of this study was to review animal hoarding cases referred to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in New South Wales (NSW) to examine mental health factors that influence the development of animal hoarding and to consider strategies for dealing with such cases. Methods Data were gathered by RSPCA inspectors regarding consecutive cases referred to the agency over 2 years. Result Details were provided about animals and 50 identified hoarders (11 male, 39 female; mean age 57 years) on 48 properties. The mean number of animals per case was 53 (range 6–300). Fifteen participants (30%) were known to have had involvement with mental health or social services. Mental health factors appeared to contribute to animal hoarding in well over 50% of cases. Severe and moderate squalor were observed in 52% and 21% of dwellings assessed respectively, many with accumulated rubbish. Conclusions Animal hoarding is largely attributable to psychological and psychiatric problems. It is recommended that clinical services work alongside animal welfare inspectorates, assessing (and, where appropriate, treating) such problems. What is known about the topic? Animal hoarding is believed to be partly attributable to the hoarders having psychiatric or psychological problems, but relevant mental health assessment of hoarders is not usually arranged. Recidivism after removal of animals is nearly 100%. What does this paper add? The study confirms that animal hoarders commonly have mental health issues. However, RSPCA inspectors are not expected to screen for such issues or refer cases to mental health clinicians. What are the implications for practitioners? There is good reason to develop clinical services to help animal hoarders deal with their psychological or psychiatric problems.
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Philpotts, Izzie, Emily J. Blackwell, Justin Dillon, and Nicola J. Rooney. "Do Animal Welfare Education Campaigns Really Work? An Evaluation of the RSPCA’s #DogKind Campaign in Raising Awareness of Separation-Related Behaviours in UK Dog Owners." Animals 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2024): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14030484.
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One of the main aims of companion animal welfare charities is to educate the public about the needs of animals. This is frequently performed through campaigns focusing on specific aspects of welfare. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), Britain’s biggest animal welfare charity, launched the nationwide #DogKind campaign in March 2019. Targeted mainly at 25–34-year-olds, the campaign aimed to increase awareness of separation-related behaviour (SRB) among dog owners and encourage them to seek help for SRB from reliable sources. This research involved a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group design evaluating the campaign’s effectiveness. It was conducted through a series of online surveys at three different time points: before the launch of the campaign (n = 2002), six months after (n = 2423), and, again, two months later (n = 269), during which we asked the same questions regarding knowledge of SRB. An experimental trial of 269 participants tested whether accessing a video alongside the campaign web pages increased the effectiveness of the campaign objectives. Overall, the campaign appeared to be effective in reaching its target audience but not at raising awareness of SRB or increasing the number of owners intending to seek help. The inclusion of a video in the campaign made no difference to its effectiveness. This study shows that this campaign had limited success in achieving its targets and highlights the importance of thorough evaluations of education interventions that aim to improve the welfare of companion animals.
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Shih, Hao Yu, Mandy B. A. Paterson, and Clive J. C. Phillips. "Breed Group Effects on Complaints about Canine Welfare Made to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Queensland, Australia." Animals 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2019): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9070390.
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Cruelty- and neglect-related canine welfare concerns are important welfare and social issues. Dog breed has been identified as a risk factor for bad welfare, and yet its role in different types of canine welfare concerns has not been fully investigated. We conducted a retrospective study of 107,597 dog welfare complaints received by RSPCA Queensland from July 2008 to June 2018. The breed of the dog involved in the incident was either recorded as stated by the complainant or by the inspector attending the case. Dog breed was divided into groups following the Australian National Kennel Club nomenclature. Dogs of a non-recognised breed were more likely to be reported in welfare complaints than recognised breed dogs. Recognised breed dogs had a greater risk of being reported with poisoning, lack of veterinary support, abuse and being left unattended in a hot vehicle; while non-recognised breed dogs had greater risk of being reported with insufficient shelter, exercise and food/water, as well as overcrowding and abandonment. Utility breeds, terriers and working dogs were most likely to be reported, while toy, non-sporting breeds and gundogs were least likely to be reported. Common complaint types for utility dogs were: insufficient food/water, shelter and exercise, and poor living conditions; for terriers: abandonment, intentional abuses and killing or injuring another animal; for working dogs: insufficient food/water, shelter and exercise; for toy dogs: lack of veterinary care, overcrowding and staying in a hot vehicle alone; for non-sporting dogs: lack of veterinary care, being left in a hot vehicle unattended and poor body conditions; and for hounds: killing or injuring another animal, intentional abuses and poor body conditions. Breed groups rather than breeds may be the best method of breed identification in a public reporting system as they group similar breeds together, and as our research shows, they relate to types of animal welfare complaints. Understanding the relationship between breed group and canine welfare complaints may help authorities improve public education programs and inform decision-making around which breed a new owner should choose.
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Shih, Hao Yu, Mandy B. A. Paterson, and Clive J. C. Phillips. "Socioeconomic Influences on Reports of Canine Welfare Concerns to the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in Queensland, Australia." Animals 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100711.
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Human–dog relationships are an important contributor to the welfare of dogs, but little is known about the importance of socioeconomic status of the dogs’ owners. We conducted a retrospective study of canine welfare complaints, using Australian government statistics on the socioeconomic status of the inhabitants at the location of the alleged welfare issue. The socioeconomic score of inhabitants at the relevant postcode was assumed to be that of the plaintiff. Our dataset included 107,597 complaints that had been received by RSPCA Queensland between July 2008 and June 2018, each with the following information: the number of dogs involved, dog(s) age, breed(s), suburb, postcode, date received, and complaint code(s) (describing the type of complaint). The median index score for relative social advantage of the locations where the alleged welfare concern occurred was less than the median score for the population of Queensland, suggesting that welfare concerns in dogs were more commonly reported in areas with inhabitants of low socioeconomic status. It was also less if the dog being reported was not of a recognised breed, compared to dogs of recognised breeds. Dogs reported to be in the gundog breed group were in the most socioeconomically advantaged postcodes, followed by toy, hound, non-sporting, working dog, terrier, and utility breed groups. Reports of alleged cruelty, insufficient food and/or water, a dog being not exercised or being confined/tethered, failure to provide shelter or treatment, overcrowding, a dog being in poor condition or living in poor conditions were most likely to be made in relation to dogs in low socioeconomic postcodes. Reports of dogs being left in a hot vehicle unattended were more likely to be made in relation to dogs in high socioeconomic postcodes. It is concluded that both canine welfare complaints and dogs in specific breed groups appear to be related to the owner’s socioeconomic status. This study may be used to improve public awareness and to tailor educational campaigns toward different populations.
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Milroy, Kate Elizabeth, Martin Whiting, and Siobhan Abeyesinghe. "Reporting of suspected dog fighting to the police, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and equivalents by veterinary professionals in the UK." Veterinary Record 183, no. 18 (October 24, 2018): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104753.
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Dog fighting became unlawful in the UK in 1835, yet it continues today (as reported by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) and Crown Prosecution Service), although with an unknown prevalence. We used an online questionnaire to (1) determine the occurrence of dogs suspected of use in fighting in UK veterinary practices; (2) explore relative reporting of incidents to police, RSPCA or equivalent charity by registered veterinary nurses (RVN) and veterinarians; and (3) determine factors influencing reporting. Emails (n=2493) containing the questionnaire were sent to UK veterinary practices: 423 questionnaires (159 by RVNs, 264 by veterinarians) were completed. One or more cases of dog fighting were suspected by 14.4 per cent of respondents in 2015; 182 cases suspected in total. Proportionately more RVNs suspected dog fighting than veterinarians (P=0.0009). Thirty-two respondents (7.6 per cent, n=422) claimed to have reported suspicions to the police, the RSPCA or equivalent charity previously; 59 respondents (14.2 per cent) had previously chosen not to. Reasons not to report included: uncertainty of illegal activity (81.4 per cent), fear of the client not returning to the practice (35.6 per cent) and concerns regarding client confidentiality (22.0 per cent). Further work is required to address under-reporting of dog fighting by veterinary professionals.
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Alberthsen, Corinne, Jacquie Rand, John Morton, Pauleen Bennett, Mandy Paterson, and Dianne Vankan. "Numbers and Characteristics of Cats Admitted to Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) Shelters in Australia and Reasons for Surrender." Animals 6, no. 3 (March 16, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani6030023.
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TICHELAR, MICHAEL. "‘A blow to the men in Pink’: The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Opposition to Hunting in the Twentieth Century." Rural History 22, no. 1 (March 7, 2011): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793310000154.
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AbstractIn 1976 the RSPCA finally adopted a policy of opposition to fox hunting and the shooting of birds for sport after a long history of highly controversial internal debate and external lobbying by pressure groups. This article explores the possible long-term historical reasons behind the change of policy. It seeks to begin to fill a gap in the historical literature and explain the changes in public opinion towards hunting that occurred during the course of the twentieth century by looking at key episodes in the history of the RSPCA up to the 1970s. It shows there was a decline in aristocratic dominance on the ruling council of the RSPCA after the 1920s, but other reasons for the change in policy included the increasing influence of an urban/metropolitan view of the countryside after the 1950s; changing public attitudes towards farmers, who had been traditional supporters of hunting; and the increasing importance of environmentalism and ecology after 1960. By the end of the twentieth century it was no longer possible to argue that hunting was an essential feature of rural society and culture, despite the continuing popularity and survival of fox hunting with hounds.
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Molony, SE, PJ Baker, L. Garland, IC Cuthill, and S. Harris. "Factors that can be used to predict release rates for wildlife casualties." Animal Welfare 16, no. 3 (August 2007): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600027172.
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AbstractOf the wildlife casualties admitted to rehabilitation centres in England, less than half are subsequently released back into the wild. If the factors associated with survival within rehabilitation centres can be determined, they may be used to focus efforts on individuals with high chances of successful recovery, and thus improve welfare by devoting resources to those animals that are more likely to benefit. We analysed the medical record cards of eight species admitted to four wildlife rehabilitation centres run by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals between 2000-2004 to determine those factors that affected the chance of survival in care until release, and whether trends in predictive factors occurred across taxonomic groups. We found that the most important predictive factor, across all species, was the severity of the symptoms of injury or illness. Factors commonly used as important indicators of rehabilitation success in published practice guidelines, such as mass and age, were not found to affect survival significantly. Our results highlight the importance of triage based on clinical diagnosis as soon as a wildlife casualty is admitted, and indicate that although the ethos of many rehabilitation centres is to attempt the treatment of all wildlife casualties, the attempted treatment of those with severe injuries may be adversely affecting welfare by prolonging suffering.
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Sloan, Brian. "TESTAMENTARY FREEDOM REAFFIRMED IN THE SUPREME COURT." Cambridge Law Journal 76, no. 3 (November 2017): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197317000782.
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The case now known as Ilott v The Blue Cross [2017] UKSC 17 was the first time that the Inheritance (Provision for Family and Dependants) Act 1975 was considered at the highest judicial level. The Court of Appeal ([2015] EWCA Civ 797, noted in [2016] C.L.J. 31) had significantly enhanced the award given to an estranged and “disinherited” but needy daughter (Heather Ilott) at the expense of the charities (the Blue Cross, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) who were the principal beneficiaries under the will of her mother, Melita Jackson, leaving her with £143,000 out of the £486,000 estate primarily to purchase the council house in which she and her family were living. The Supreme Court unanimously allowed the charities’ appeal, restoring Judge Million's original £50,000 order. Giving the lead judgment, Lord Hughes reasserted the centrality of testamentary freedom in English law, emphasised the importance of the Act's limitation to “reasonable financial provision” for maintenance for non-spouse/civil partner applicants (s. 1(2)(b)), and held that a need for maintenance was a necessary but not sufficient condition for a successful claim. He approved previous case law in holding that maintenance could not “extend to any or everything which it would be desirable for the claimant to have” (at [14]), but was not limited to “subsistence” either (at [15]). He also confirmed that the focus of the correct test under the 1975 Act is not on the behaviour of the testatrix, but opined the reasonableness of her decision may still be a significant consideration, as may the extent of any “moral claim” even if that is not a “sine qua non” (at [20]).
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Burroughes, Nicolette Dowler, Jonathan Dowler, and Guy Burroughes. "Admission and Survival Trends in Hedgehogs Admitted to RSPCA Wildlife Rehabilitation Centres." Proceedings of the Zoological Society 74, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12595-021-00363-9.
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AbstractThe hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) population is in decline in the UK and they are the most frequently admitted mammal to British Wildlife Rehabilitation Centres (WRCs). Whilst successful, UK rehabilitation is time-consuming and expensive and few large-scale studies into UK WRC admission and survival rates have been published in the last decade. This paper examines admission and survival trends in 19,577 hedgehogs admitted to Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals centres over a 13 year period (2005–2017) to gauge the state of Britain’s hedgehogs in WRCs and to gain indirect insight into the wild population. During the studied period, admissions more than doubled. Admission weights were greater in later than early litter juveniles. The survival improved 26% overall, and 33% in juveniles. Twenty two percent of animals died or were euthanased within 48 h of admission. Kaplan–Meier analysis gave survivor functions of 0.78 at 2 days, 0.66 at 10 days, 0.62 at 20 days, and 0.53 at 80 days. Survival was independent of admission weight in each age category. In particular, survival was greater in early litter juveniles than in adults or late litter juveniles; and across the breeding season diminished in juveniles and increased in adults. These data suggest factors impacting hedgehog survival have remained stable despite population decrease; that care methods have improved; and that late litters are more vulnerable than early. For WRCs this reaffirms that current methods are successful, but that further resources could be directed towards late litters.
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Stavisky, Jenny, Rachel Sarah Dean, and Michael Henry Molloy. "Prevalence of and risk factors for FIV and FeLV infection in two shelters in the United Kingdom (2011–2012)." Veterinary Record 181, no. 17 (September 16, 2017): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.103857.
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The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infections in cats presented to two RSPCA (Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals) animal rehoming centres and to identify risk factors for infection. All cats presented at each centre between August 2011 and August 2012 were subjected to a patient-side test for FeLV/FIV on entry. Kittens under three months and cats euthanased within a short time of presentation were excluded from the study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to separately determine risk factors for FeLV and FIV infections. At shelter A, the prevalence of FIV infection was 11.4 per cent (54/474) and FeLV infection was 3 per cent (14/473), with two FIV/FeLV coinfections identified. At shelter B, the prevalence of FIV infection was 3 per cent (4/135) and FeLV infection was 0 per cent (0/135). Cats at shelter A were significantly more likely than those at shelter B to test positive for FIV (p=0.0024) and FeLV (p=0.048). Male cats were more likely to be infected with FIV (odds ratio 27.1, p=0.001), and thin body condition and musculoskeletal disease were associated with risk of FeLV. Overall, FIV-positive and FeLV-positive cats were significantly older (median ages 5.1 and 4.75 years, respectively) than the uninfected populations (median ages 3.4 and 3.5 years, respectively). This study shows that the prevalence of these diseases varies between shelter populations. Local knowledge combined with the risk factors identified may be useful in focusing resources for population testing strategies.
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Lock, Roger. "Action for Animals: Animals in Research. Produced and published by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals: Horsham (1993). Obtainable from the publishers, Causeway, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 1HG, UK. Price £10.95 plus £1 postage." Animal Welfare 3, no. 2 (May 1994): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600016766.
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Ewbank, Roger. "The Assessment of Stress in Laboratory Animals Caroline E Manser (1992). RSPCA: Horsham. 208 pp. Paperback. Obtainable from the publishers, The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Causeway, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 1HG, UK. Price £7 including postage." Animal Welfare 2, no. 4 (November 1993): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600016249.
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Poole, Trevor. "The Supply of Non-human Primates for Use in Research and Testing: Welfare Implications and Opportunities for Change Bidda Jones and Maggy Jennings (1994). Produced and published by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA): Horsham. 34 pp. Paperback. Obtainable from the publishers, Causeway, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 1HG, UK." Animal Welfare 4, no. 4 (November 1995): 384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600018194.
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Bhagawati, Parismita, and Paramita Dey. "Animal cruelty legislation in India: A green criminological exploration." Scientific Temper 15, no. 02 (June 15, 2024): 2322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.2.47.
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We see laws being constantly updated responding to the onslaught of changing times and circumstances and value settings of society. However, such dynamism in the legal spectrum appears to be lopsided once laws on animal cruelty are glanced over. Laws on animal cruelty seem to be following a pattern that is not so dynamic and abreast of the evolving moral compass of society. It is critically observed in the course of this research that much like the legislation preventing animal cruelty, cruelty against animals, ironically, exhibits an upward graph. In pursuit of resolving this irony, especially in the context of India, the aim of this paper is to explore the concept of ‘animal cruelty’ within the Indian animal protection legislation to identify substantive and conceptual gaps while situating the statutes within the theoretical perspective of green criminology. The paper explores and critiques the concept of ‘animal cruelty’ within the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act of 1960. The research exercise reveals that the laws display a strong hue of anthropocentric instrumentalism denigrating animals as commodities in service to humans. The statutes under study allow for a wide array of abuse towards animals, permitting those harms as necessary suffering. The grandest of the lacunae is the absence of provisions for protecting animals from sexual and psychological violence. This green criminological exposé is supplemented, in conclusion, by valuable insights and remedies sourced from the green criminological theory itself in the form of a radical deconstruction and rethinking of how animals are treated in legal practice and ways to expand our notion to a non-specialist understanding of crimes, victims and justice.
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Seliukov, V. S., and А. І. Potikhenskyi. "Tools of preventive police activity in the field of combating cruelty to animals." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 105, no. 2 (Part 2) (June 29, 2024): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2024.2.40.
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Theoretical and practical approaches to the organization of the activities of police units recently, especially in the conditions of martial law, require rethinking and more efficient and effective mechanisms. Martial law significantly increased the level of trust of the population in the police, on the one hand, and on the other hand – created even more difficulties in the organization of their activities. Determining one of the priorities of the police activity of ensuring people’s rights, reformatting activities from penal to service branch, ensuring safety and order in society – all this contributes to the process of intensifying the improvement of views on the need to ensure the formation of high moral standards and a high level of legal culture in society. The specified provision on changing the theoretical orientation of scientific approaches to practical ones. It follows that prevention, as the main type of police activity, should be aimed at meeting the needs of society, and not at developing indicators of crime detection. It is noted that the forms and methods of police activity at the current stage of combining theory and practice should be considered as tools of police activity. The tools of preventive activity were analyzed, they were divided into groups, and the areas requiring further development were characterized. Cruelty to animals is one of the negative factors that affect the legal awareness and morality of society. The prevention of such an occasion is the basis for the formation of a further highly moral society and the reduction of cruelty among people. The content of the police toolkit, which is used to prevent animal cruelty in Ukraine, is explained. Attention is focused on the organizational tools of preventive activities regarding cruelty to animals.
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Козлов, Александр Евгеньевич. "Personality of Individual Committed Cruelty Against Animals as Object of Forensic Characteristic." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2020.39.91.012.
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В связи с глобальной информатизацией общества и пропагандой аморального поведения, животные все чаще становятся жертвами преступного поведения человека, что серьёзно влияет на морально-нравственное и психоэмоциональное состояние общества. Такая негативная тенденция является не только поводом для ужесточения законодательства, но и улучшения профилактики и раскрытия преступлений, связанных с жестоким обращением с животными. В статье приведена криминалистическая характеристика личности, совершившего жестокое обращение с животным. Проанализированы основные причины и условия формирования личности, проявляющей антигуманное отношение к животным. Сформулированы наиболее значимые свойства личности, совершающей жестокое обращение с животными. As a result of the ongoing global computerization and moral turpitude propaganda animals are increasingly becoming the targets of ill-treatment by humans which badly affects moral, mental and emotional state of the society. Such a negative tendency not only becomes a pretext for strengthening legislation but also gives cause for further improving of prevention and detection of crimes related to cruelty against animals. The article presents forensic description of an individual who have committed cruelty against animals. The author provides analysis of key reasons and conditions of forming self-identity of a person demonstrating ill-treatment towards animals. In addition the author defines the most essential characteristics of a person committing cruelty against animals.
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Whitfort, Amanda, Fiona Woodhouse, Shuping Ho, and Marsha Chun. "A Retrospective Analysis of Typologies of Animal Abuse Recorded by the SPCA, Hong Kong." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061830.
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We conducted a retrospective study of 254 suspected cruelty offences recorded by the Hong Kong Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) between January 2013 and December 2019. Cases were categorised into four types of abuse: active maltreatment, passive neglect, commercial exploitation and hoarding. Attributes of defendants, relationship with the owner of the animal (where the owner was not the defendant) and the circumstances of the abuse (species of animal, number of animals involved, type of harm, need for medical care, number of animals seized) were recorded for each case. The majority of prosecuted cases involved traumatic physical injury to dogs, with 30% causing the death of animals. The second most common type of harm prosecuted was neglect, with 27% of cases causing death. The majority of neglect cases involved dogs abandoned inside private premises without food/water. The median number of animals hoarded was 47, with dogs the most common species. The majority of hoarders had collected their animals from strays. The largest hoarding cases (>100 animals) were operating as animal rescue shelters. Strategies to address cruelty to animals in Hong Kong can be informed by an understanding of which species are at greater risk of harm and in what circumstances this harm might occur.
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Luke, Carter, and Arnold Arluke. "Physical Cruelty Toward Animals in Massachusetts, 1975-1996." Society & Animals 5, no. 3 (1997): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853097x00123.
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AbstractThis article describes the nature of animal abuse and the response of the criminal justice system to all cruelty cases prosecuted by the Massachusetts Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals between 1975 and 1996. Dogs were the most common target; when combined with cats, these domestic animals composed the vast majority of incidents. Almost all of these animals were owned, and females were the majority of complainants. Suspects were almost always young males, and most of the time they allegedly shot, beat, stabbed, or threw their victims. Reportedly, adults were more likely than minors to abuse dogs, shoot them, and commit such acts alone rather than in a group, while minors were more likely to abuse cats, beat them, and commit such acts with peers present. Less than half of the alleged abusers were found guilty in court, one-third were fined, less than one-quarter had to pay restitution, one-fifth were put on probation, one-tenth were sent to jail, and an even smaller percent were required to undergo counseling or perform community service.
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Nelson, Michael L. "Book Review: Animal Rights and Welfare: A Documentary and Reference Guide." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 2 (December 16, 2015): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n2.175a.
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Animal Rights and Welfare: A Documentary and Reference Guide is a collection of fifty-one primary source documents relating to the topics of animal rights and animal welfare. The preface states that these are separate and distinct philosophies: animal rights advocates such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and the Animal Liberation Front hold that humans and animals have the same rights (thereby precluding their use even as pets or assistive animals), whereas animal welfare adherents like the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the American Humane Society endorse the use of animals for agriculture, work, biomedical research, etc., but in a manner that minimizes pain and suffering.
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Pearson, Howard A. "The American Pediatric Society." Pediatrics 95, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.1.147.
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Pediatrics as a defined area in medicine did not emerge on the American scene until well into the 19th century. With few definitive therapies and little understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases, the "proto-pediatrics" of the first half of the nineteenth century in the United States was largely descriptive and empiric, but the problems of children were monumental. Deadly infectious diseases, including diphtheria, measles, and cholera infantum (infectious diarrhea), killed tens of thousands of American children annually. Deficiency diseases, especially scurvy and rickets, were rampant. Because children were considered chattel, abuse in the home and work place was prevalent. The Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals founded in 1866 conducted the first organized effort to prevent abuse and protect children.
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Innes, Sue, and Linda McKie. "‘Doing What is Right’: Researching Intimacy, Work and Family Life in Glasgow, 1945-1960." Sociological Research Online 11, no. 2 (July 2006): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1256.
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Understanding discursive shifts over the twentieth century in relation to family roles, paid work and care is essential to any critical review of contemporary family theory and policies. This paper charts aspects of these shifts. An analysis of case records of the Royal Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (RSSPCC), 1945 to 1960 is presented. Based upon these data we reflect upon the construction of the working-class family in the West of Scotland and draw upon one case study to illustrate issues further. This post-war period was one of rapid social and technological change. It is commonly perceived as a period of segregated gender roles, and in the UK a predominant male-breadwinner family model. The RSSPCC case records suggest that family lives and forms, particularly for those on low incomes, were diverse throughout this period. Although prosecutions for cruelty and neglect are dominant in perceptions of the society, most of its work was in material assistance, advice and surveillance. This latter aspect is considered in this paper.
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Albretsen, JC, SM Gwaltney-Brant, and SA Khan. "Evaluation of castor bean toxicosis in dogs: 98 cases." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 36, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-36-3-229.
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Castor beans (Ricinus communis) contain ricin. Ricin is a glycoprotein reported to cause hypotension, gastroenteritis, depression, and death. However, few deaths are reported following castor bean ingestion in animals. From January 1987 to December 1998, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals-National Animal Poison Control Center received 98 incidents of castor bean ingestion in dogs. The most commonly reported clinical signs were vomiting, depression, and diarrhea. Death or euthanasia occurred in 9% of the cases. The severity of clinical signs following castor bean ingestion may depend on whether the beans were chewed or swallowed whole.
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Horstman, Christopher L., Paul A. Eubig, Karen K. Cornell, Safdar A. Khan, and Barbara A. Selcer. "Gastric Outflow Obstruction After Ingestion of Wood Glue in a Dog." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0390047.
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A 2-year-old, male, mixed-breed dog presented with a 12-day history of vomiting, depression, and weight loss after ingestion of industrial-strength wood glue containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate as its active ingredient. A diagnosis of gastric foreign body was made from survey abdominal radiographs. A large aggregate of solidified wood glue was surgically removed, and the dog recovered uneventfully. Fourteen other cases have been reported to the Animal Poison Control Center at the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). Eight of those 14 cases required surgical intervention. All cases recovered completely.
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Arkow, Phil. "“Humane Criminology”: An Inclusive Victimology Protecting Animals and People." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090335.
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To those who primarily associate the word “humane” with “humane society”, its connection to criminology might appear to be unrelated. The origins of “humane” and “humane society” are complex and primarily reflect an abiding interest in human and societal welfare rather than animal welfare. Consequently, the origins and evolution of the current American association of humane societies with animal protection—as contrasted to its British association with rescuing victims of drowning—remain shrouded in mystery. A new focus that returns to the original roots of “humane” describing the implications of animal cruelty, abuse, and neglect as cause for human and societal concern due to their potential as sentinel indicators and predictors of interpersonal violence, rather than a strict focus on animals’ welfare or their alleged “rights”, holds great promise for advancing legislation and community programming that improves the well-being of human and non-human animal species and the prevention of crime.
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Clapton, G. "'Yesterday's Men': The Inspectors of the Royal Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, 1888-1968." British Journal of Social Work 39, no. 6 (March 31, 2008): 1043–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcn031.
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Lockwood, Randall. "Reexamining the Great Meddler." Journal of Animal Ethics 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.08.
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Abstract Most previous biographies of Henry Bergh, founder of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the Western hemisphere's first animal protection organization, give little attention to the very mixed reaction his efforts received from the media, legislators, fellow social reformers, the general public, and the large number of enterprises that benefitted from the exploitation and even abuse of animals during America's Gilded Age. A Traitor to His Species provides a detailed analysis of Bergh's life and times and explores both the victories and defeats he had while devoting most of his adult life to what he considered to be a moral crusade, building a foundation of a movement that has expanded beyond his expectations.
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Moses, Lisa. "Pain and Palliative Care Service, Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals-Angell Animal Medical Center." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 49, no. 3 (May 2019): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.01.004.
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Chiang, Connie. "2014 Lush Public Awareness Prize Winner: Taiwan Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (TSPCA), Taiwan." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 43, no. 5 (November 2015): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119291504300513.
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Miller, Katherine A., Emily D. Dolan, Victoria A. Cussen, and Pamela J. Reid. "Are Underweight Shelter Dogs More Likely to Display Food Aggression toward Humans?" Animals 9, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 1035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121035.
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It is commonly believed that underweight or emaciated dogs are predisposed to food aggression toward humans. Each year, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) receives hundreds of dogs from criminal cruelty cases. The dogs range from emaciated to overweight. We analyzed existing data from 900 such dogs to examine the relationship between body condition score and food and chew item aggression toward humans. Across all types of cruelty cases, 9.2% of dogs were aggressive over the food, chew, or both, which is a lower prevalence than that previously reported among shelter dogs. Dogs from cruelty cases originating in New York City were more likely to show aggression over food (z = 3.91, p < 0.001) and chew items (z = 2.61, p = 0.01) than dogs from large-scale cruelty cases, although it is unclear why. Female dogs were less likely to show food (z = −3.75, p < 0.001) and chew item (z = −2.25, p = 0.02) aggression compared to males. Underweight dogs were not more likely to display food aggression, but when they did, the aggression was no more severe than that of normal-weight dogs (Fisher’s exact tests = 0.41 and 0.15 for the Food Bowl and Chew Item scenarios, respectively). Breed type was not a significant predictor of aggression. Canine food aggression does not appear to be an aberrant behavior caused by a history of food scarcity but may be related to biological factors such as sex. These findings could prove useful for animal behavior subject matter experts testifying in court or consulting on cruelty cases, as they could speak with scientific validity to the question of whether there is a link between previous food scarcity and the likelihood of food aggression in dogs.
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Hoy-Gerlach, Janet, Martha Delgado, Heather Sloane, and Phil Arkow. "Rediscovering connections between animal welfare and human welfare: Creating social work internships at a humane society." Journal of Social Work 19, no. 2 (March 2, 2018): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017318760775.
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Summary Within a narrative of how two distinct graduate social work internship placements at a humane society were structured and implemented, we address: (1) historic and contemporary rationales for social work roles in humane society settings, (2) development of social work field placements in a humane society, and (3) specific social work learning opportunities afforded. Findings The first petition for removal of a child due to abuse in the United States occurred in 1874 through efforts of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals director. While child protection services have evolved since then, numerous aspects of human–animal interaction are relevant to social work: social support roles of animals, connections between violence toward animals and violence toward humans, therapeutic benefits of animals, companion animal loss, and compassion fatigue among animal shelter and veterinary staff. Encompassing such HAI aspects, we describe the development of two distinct internship placements at a humane society. One placement entailed a twofold focus on: reduction of staff compassion fatigue and development of an Emotional Support Animal placement program (the Hope and Recovery Pet Program); the other placement focused on aspects of the connection between violence toward animals and violence toward people. Applications Aspects of these social work placements can be modified and replicated in humane societies and related settings. Increased awareness of the potential relevance of human–animal interaction across social work practice settings allows for explicit identification of/response to clients’ human–animal interaction-related strengths and concerns, ultimately supporting the well-being of both humans and animals.
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Li, Chien-Hui. "A Union of Christianity, Humanity, and Philanthropy: The Christian Tradition and the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in Nineteenth-Century England." Society & Animals 8, no. 3 (2000): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853000511122.
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AbstractThis paper offers an historical perspective to the discussion of the relationship between Christianity and nonhuman-human animal relationships by examining the animal protection movement in English society as it first took root in the nineteenth century. The paper argues that the Christian beliefs of many in the movement, especially the evangelical outlook of their faith, in a considerable way affected the character as well as the aims and scope of the emergent British animal welfare movement - although the church authorities did not take an active part in the discussion and betterment of the conditions of animals. An explicitly Christian discourse, important in creating and sustaining the important philanthropic tradition in Britain, mobilized the movement. The paper also traces the gradual decrease of the centrality of the movement's Christian elements later in the century when evolutionary ideas as well as other developments in society shed alternative light on the relationship between human and nonhuman animals and brought about different trends in the movement. This paper sees Christianity not as a static and defining source of influence but as a rich tradition containing diverse elements that people drew upon and used to create meanings for them. The paper implicitly suggests that both a religion's doctrines in theory and the outcome of a complex interaction with the changing society in which the religion is practiced determine its potential to influence animal-human relationships.
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Li, Chien-hui. "A Union of Christianity, Humanity, and Philanthropy: The Christian Tradition and the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in Nineteenth-Century England." Society & Animals 8, no. 1 (2000): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853000x00174.
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AbstractThis paper offers an historical perspective to the discussion of the relationship between Christianity and nonhuman-human animal relationships by examining the animal protection movement in English society as it first took root in the nineteenth century. The paper argues that the Christian beliefs of many in the movement, especially the evangelical outlook of their faith, in a considerable way affected the character as well as the aims and scope of the emergent British animal welfare movement - although the church authorities did not take an active part in the discussion and betterment of the conditions of animals. An explicitly Christian discourse, important in creating and sustaining the important philanthropic tradition in Britain, mobilized the movement. The paper also traces the gradual decrease of the centrality of the movement's Christian elements later in the century when evolutionary ideas as well as other developments in society shed ahternative light on the relationship between human and nonhuman animals and brought about different trends in the movement. This paper sees Christianity not as a static and defining source of influence but as a rich tradition containing diverse elements that people drew upon and used to create meanings for them. The paper implicitly suggests that both a religion's doctrines in theory and the outcome of a complex interaction with the changing society in which the religion is practiced determine its potential to influence animal-human relationships.
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Plumlee, Konstanze H., and Petra A. Volmer. "Using the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals-National Animal Poison Control Center as a toxicology resource." Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 1999): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1055-937x(99)80034-6.
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Pointer, Emmy, Robert Reisman, Rhonda Windham, and Louise Murray. "Starvation and the Clinicopathologic Abnormalities Associated with Starved Dogs: A Review of 152 Cases." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 49, no. 2 (March 1, 2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5762.
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The objectives of this retrospective study were to identify the most common clinicopathologic abnormalities in starved dogs, assess the time required for those abnormalities to resolve, and determine whether clinicopathologic abnormalities recorded at time of intake to the hospital influenced time to regain weight. Records of 152 very underweight or emaciated dogs seized by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Humane Law Enforcement (HLE) division were reviewed. Dogs were classified as emaciated if the admission body weight was estimated to be ≥ 30% below the anticipated ideal body weight and classified as very underweight if the admission weight was estimated to be 20–29% below the anticipated ideal body weight. An initial minimum database was obtained on each animal, and when possible, clinicopathologic abnormalities were serially assessed. The most common initial abnormalities, present in ≥ 25% of dogs, were hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytosis, anemia, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), elevated BUN/creatinine ratio, and hypocalcemia. Mean time to gain 20% of admission body weight was similar for the abnormalities studied. Although there was some evidence that dogs with anemia and/or hypoalbuminemia required more days to gain weight, future studies are required for confirmation.
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Tater, Kathy C., Sharon Gwaltney-Brant, and Tina Wismer. "Topical Minoxidil Exposures and Toxicoses in Dogs and Cats: 211 Cases (2001–2019)." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 57, no. 5 (August 8, 2021): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-7154.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Topical minoxidil is a medication for hair loss, initially available in the United States by prescription only and available since 1996 as an over-the-counter product. To determine the epidemiology of minoxidil exposures and toxicoses in dogs and cats, 211 dog and cat cases with topical minoxidil exposure were identified from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center database. In 87 cases with clinical signs of toxicosis (62 cats, 25 dogs), case narratives were reviewed and coded for exposure-related circumstances. Unintentional delivery, especially while pet owners applied minoxidil for his/her own hair loss (e.g., pet licked owner’s skin or pillowcase, pet was splashed during a medication spill), was the most common cat exposure circumstance. Exploratory behavior (e.g., searching through trash) was the most common dog exposure circumstance. Clinical signs occurred in dogs and cats even with low exposure amounts, such as drops or licks. In patients that developed clinical signs, most developed moderate or major illness (56.0% dogs, 59.7% cats). Death occurred in 8/62 (12.9%) cats that developed clinical signs after the pet owner’s minoxidil use. Pet owners should be educated on the risk of dog and cat toxicosis from accidental minoxidil exposure.
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Tater, Kathy, Sharon Gwaltney-Brant, and Tina Wismer. "Eyes Instead of Ears: Eye Injuries Following Ocular Exposure to Otic Medications." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 59, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-7296.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT To determine the epidemiology of ocular exposures and toxicoses in dogs and cats from otic products, 79 dog and cat cases with an ocular exposure to a topical otic medication were retrieved from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Animal Poison Control Center database. Prescription products were involved in 75/79 (95%) of cases, and over-the-counter products in 4 (5%). Clinical signs included conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, epiphora, ocular discharge, and corneal ulceration. Medication error, specifically involving mistaken identification (i.e., an otic product confused with an ophthalmic product), occurred in 68/79 (86%) of cases. In 4 of these 68 cases, an otic instead of an ophthalmic medication was mistakenly dispensed to the pet owner. Unintentional delivery (i.e., accidental ocular exposure in the course of an otic application) occurred in 9/79 (11%) of cases, and 2 (3%) cases involved intentional delivery of otic products to the eyes. Because mistaken identification was the most common cause of ocular toxicoses from otic products, separate storage and/or distinctive packaging for ophthalmic versus otic products could reduce medication errors. Animal poison control center epidemiological data can be used as a source of information regarding veterinary medication errors.
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Ortez, Mario, Courtney Bir, Nicole Olynk Widmar, and Christopher A. Wolf. "Perceptions of Prominent Animal Welfare and Veterinary Care Organizations in the United States." Animals 10, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10030472.
Full textAbstract:
U.S. residents’ perceptions of the impact of prominent animal welfare and veterinary care organizations on pet animal well-being and health care may not be linked to the organization’s stated mission and effectiveness in advancing it, but to the level of recognition people have for the groups. An online survey of 1000 U.S. residents was used to understand the perceived impact of organizations with self-stated dedication to pet animal well-being. Using a Likert-scale, respondents ranked 13 prominent organizations as having a low to high impact on pet animal well-being and health care. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) had the highest perceived average impact, while People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) had the lowest. A best–worst scaling (BWS) choice experiment was conducted with 7 of the initial 13 organizations to elicit relative rankings by forcing tradeoffs by respondents. Consistent with the Likert-scale results, the ASPCA was ranked as the most impactful organization. The ASPCA’s perceived impact on pet animal well-being and health care may be linked to their high level of recognition among respondents, as this was the organization that respondents most frequently reported having seen/heard stories related to animal well-being and health care.
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Evans, Rhonda D., and Craig J. Forsyth. "Dogmen: The Rationalization of Deviance." Society & Animals 6, no. 3 (1998): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853098x00159.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDogmen are individuals who fight their pit bulls in matches against other pit bulls. This paper uses neutralization theory to examine the rationalizations of dogmen as they attempt to counter stigma and criminal identity in a world that is becoming increasingly intolerant of dogfighting. To maintain their rationalizations, the dogmen use four recurring techniques : (a) denial of injury;(b) condemnation of the condemners; (c) appeal to higher loyalties; and (d) a defense that says dogmen are good people (their deviance-dogfighting expunged by their good character). The authors conducted interviews with 31 individuals who fight and breed pit bulls and with significant others in the dogfighting enterprise, including Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA) officials, veterinarians, and local law enforcement officers. The research also examined newspaper accounts of dogfighting. This article provides some insights into the social construction of reality of individuals who engage in an activity that most of us find reprehensible. As with any criminal/deviant behavior, understanding and subsequent solving of the problem begin with knowledge of the offender's perspective.