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Kolpikova, Elena P., Derek C. Chen, and Jennifer H. Doherty. "Does the Format of Preclass Reading Quizzes Matter? An Evaluation of Traditional and Gamified, Adaptive Preclass Reading Quizzes." CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, no. 4 (2019): ar52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-05-0098.
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Preclass reading quizzes (RQs) have been shown to enhance student performance. Many instructors implementing evidence-based teaching assign preclass RQs to ensure their students are prepared to engage in class activities. Textbook companies now offer a gamified, adaptive-learning RQ format. In these RQs, students answer point-valued questions until they reach a threshold. If students answer incorrectly, the question decreases in point value on the next attempt. These RQs also give students who answer questions incorrectly more questions on that topic and direct students to sections of a textbook they need to review. We assessed the impact of gamified, adaptive preclass RQs compared with more traditional preclass RQs on in-class RQs and course exam performance as well as students’ perceptions of RQs. Students in the gamified, adaptive treatment performed equally compared with students in the traditional, static treatment on in-class RQs and course exams. While students in the gamified, adaptive treatment did have a more positive perception of preclass RQs, this factor explained less than 3% of the variation in RQ perception. Our findings suggest that instructors should verify that gamified, adaptive technologies impact student learning in their course before integrating them into their course and asking students to pay for them.
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Špago, Džemal. "Rhetorical questions as aggressive, friendly or sarcastic/ironical questions with imposed answers." ExELL 8, no. 1 (2020): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/exell-2020-0014.
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Abstract Rhetorical questions (RQs), as a cross-breed of questions and statements, represent an effective tool in putting forward the Speaker’s ideas, as well as influencing the ideas and opinions of other people. Because of their communicative effectiveness and multifunctionality, they are frequently used in different contexts and for different purposes, and, as such, they represent an interesting topic for further research. The aim of this paper is threefold: (i) to explore the nature of the implied answer to RQs, (ii) to offer a classification of RQs based on the Speaker’s communication style, and (iii) to examine whether (or to what extent) the Speaker-Addressee relationship (peer-to-peer, superior-to-inferior, inferior-to-superior) influences the selection and frequency of use of different types of RQs. Using Stalnaker’s (2002) model of Common Ground and Caponigro and Sprouse’s (2007) concepts of Speaker’s and Addressee’s Beliefs, the author redefines the nature of the answers implied by RQs, claiming that they are imposed on the Addressee rather than mutually recognized as obvious. Based on the model of communication styles as defined by Yuan et al. (2018), RQs are classified into aggressive, friendly and sarcastic/ironical questions with imposed answers. The analysis of the corpus, which consisted of 275 RQs taken from ten American movie scripts, showed that friendly RQs are more common than the other two types, and that, in instances where one of the interlocutors is in a superior position, superior-to-inferior RQs are by far more common than vice versa. The finding that RQs asked by inferiors make up less than a third of RQs occurring between interlocutors with different social standing is in line with the view that answers to RQs are imposed on Addressees.
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Špago, Džemal. "Insulting Rhetorical Questions – Mitigators or Amplifiers?" Respectus Philologicus, no. 41(46) (April 15, 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2022.41.46.104.
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The paper examines whether rhetorical questions (RQs) with insulting content or implications soften or intensify the insulting content that they express, as compared to corresponding direct statements with similar insulting content. The analysis is based on the results of two online surveys conducted among 276 Bosnian university students (182 and 94, respectively), who evaluated, in regard to their offensiveness, two sets of RQs and corresponding statements with insulting content or implications. Three types of insulting RQs were included in the surveys: insulting RQs without explicitly offensive terms, insulting RQs that incorporate derogatory words, and sarcastic RQs with insulting implications. The expected results were that: a) in line with Frank’s (1990) account of strengthening effects of RQs as their primary function, insulting RQs, with or without derogatory words, will function as amplifiers, and sound more offensive than corresponding declaratives; and b) sarcastic RQs, following Dews and Winner’s (1995) account of softening effects of sarcastic utterances, will function as mitigators, as compared to non-sarcastic declaratives with insulting content. The obtained results indicate that the first hypothesis cannot be verified (in spite of some indications that slight amplifying effects do exist), and the second hypothesis is completely rejected, with some likelihood that the opposite could be true.
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Lo Moro, Giuseppina, Sara Carletto, Vittoria Zuccaroli Lavista, et al. "The Consequences of the Pandemic on Medical Students’ Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey with a Nested Longitudinal Subsample." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (2022): 5896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195896.
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This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on medical students’ mental health in Italy using a repeated cross-sectional survey with a nested longitudinal subsample (first timepoint: 2018; second: 2020/2021). Three research questions (RQs) were investigated. Study 1 (longitudinal sub-sample) explored whether medical students had higher levels of depressive symptoms and stress during the pandemic compared with a pre-pandemic period (RQ1) and what variables were associated with these conditions during the pandemic adjusting for baseline levels (RQ2). Study 2 (repeated cross-sectional data) aimed to examine whether medical students had higher levels of these conditions during the pandemic compared with their same-year peers during a pre-pandemic period (RQ3). In Study 1, higher levels of depressive symptoms and stress were shown during the pandemic (RQ1). Multivariable models highlighted associations between poor mental health and worsening of the judgment of medical school choice, worsened psychological condition due to the pandemic, economic repercussions due to the pandemic, and baseline levels of symptoms (RQ2). In Study 2, our findings reported higher levels of depressive symptoms and stress during the pandemic, also adjusting for other variables (RQ3). In conclusion, depressive symptoms and stress were greater during the pandemic. The most relevant variables were pandemic-related items and medical school choice judgment.
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Braun, Bettina, Nicole Dehé, Jana Neitsch, Daniela Wochner, and Katharina Zahner. "The Prosody of Rhetorical and Information-Seeking Questions in German." Language and Speech 62, no. 4 (2018): 779–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830918816351.
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This paper reports on the prosody of rhetorical questions (RQs) and information-seeking questions (ISQs) in German for two question types—polar questions and constituent questions (henceforth “ wh-questions”). The results are as follows: Phonologically, polar RQs were mainly realized with H-% (high plateau), while polar ISQs mostly ended in H-^H% (high-rise). Wh-RQs almost exclusively terminated in a low edge tone, whereas wh-ISQs allowed for more tonal variation (L-%, L-H%, H-^H%). Irrespective of question type, RQs were mainly produced with L*+H accents. Phonetically, RQs were more often realized with breathy voice quality than ISQs, in particular in the beginning of the interrogative. Furthermore, they were produced with longer constituent durations than ISQs, in particular at the end of the interrogative. While the difference between RQs and ISQs is reflected in the intonational terminus of the utterance, this does not happen in the way suggested in the semantic literature, and in addition, accent type and phonetic parameters also play a role. Crucially, a simple distinction between rising and falling intonation is insufficient to capture the realization of the different illocution types (RQs, ISQs), against frequent claims in the semantic and pragmatic literature. We suggest alternative ways to interpret the findings.
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Cheon, Ji Hyang, Min Kyoung Park, and Todd Becker. "Housing Cost Burden and Well-Being in Older Adults Moderated by Neighborhood Cohesion and Disorder." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3401.
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Abstract Although aging in the community promotes well-being in older adults, contextual factors (e.g., housing cost burden, neighborhood cohesion, neighborhood disorder) may impact this relationship. Identifying such risk factors represents a first step toward improving older adult well-being. NHATS data (Rounds 5–8) were used to answer two research questions (RQs). RQ1: “Is housing cost burden significantly associated with well-being?” RQ2: “Is this association further moderated by neighborhood cohesion and neighborhood disorder?” Participants were 18,311 adults ≥ 65 years old. Well-being was assessed by summing 11 commonly identified indicators. Two items were merged to assess housing cost burden (categories: “no burden,” “no money for utilities,” “no money for rent,” and “no money for utilities or rent”). Neighborhood cohesion and disorder were combined (categories: “no cohesion, no disorder,” “yes cohesion, no disorder,” “no cohesion, yes disorder,” and “yes cohesion, yes disorder”). Both RQs were assessed through a random coefficient model controlling for established covariates. RQ1 results revealed that, compared to “no burden,” “no money for utilities or rent” (B = −1.22, p = .003) and “no money for rent” (B = −1.50, p = .007) were significantly associated with well-being. RQ2 results revealed that “no cohesion, no disorder” significantly moderated the association between “no money for utilities or rent” and well-being (B = −2.44, p = .011). These results indicate that increased housing cost burden is associated with decreased well-being, especially for those reporting no neighborhood cohesion. Future research should examine neighborhood-level protective factors promoting cohesion for older adults to support well-being.
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Viesel, Yvonne, and Constantin Freitag. "Wer kann denn schon ja sagen?" Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 38, no. 2 (2019): 243–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2019-2003.
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Abstract The article explores German discourse particles (DiPs) in rhetorical wh-questions (wh-RQs). While schon (roughly ‘unexpectedly’) only marks rhetorical wh-questions, denn (roughly ‘I wonder’) marks contextually arising information-seeking or rhetorical Questions under Discussion (QuDs), with or without schon. Since ja (roughly ‘unquestionably’) marks shared information, it is incompatible with questions by itself, but occasionally occurs in wh-RQs left of DiPs like schon instead of denn. The results of two acceptability judgment experiments confirm that ja is strongly dispreferred in RQs, the presence of schon improves RQs with and without ja, and denn has no effect on acceptability. A follow-up study further indicated the rhetorical reading of our target questions to prevail independently from DiPs. We conclude that ja in RQs operates on the information contributed by elements like schon, denoting roughly that the issue in question arises ‘unquestionably against expectations’. Our contexts were neutral regarding the discourse functions of ja and denn (side remarks vs. QuDs), unlike the contexts of the findings, from which we deduce that the marked ja schon-RQs, while grammatical, require specific felicity conditions. A first attempt to confirm this experimentally was globally unsuccessful and could only reveal potential hints in an exploratory analysis.
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Bleker, Jeroen, Thomas C. Kwee, and Derya Yakar. "Quality of Multicenter Studies Using MRI Radiomics for Diagnosing Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review." Life 12, no. 7 (2022): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12070946.
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Background: Reproducibility and generalization are major challenges for clinically significant prostate cancer modeling using MRI radiomics. Multicenter data seem indispensable to deal with these challenges, but the quality of such studies is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to systematically review the quality of multicenter studies on MRI radiomics for diagnosing clinically significant PCa. Methods: This systematic review followed the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. Multicenter studies investigating the value of MRI radiomics for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer were included. Quality was assessed using the checklist for artificial intelligence in medical imaging (CLAIM) and the radiomics quality score (RQS). CLAIM consisted of 42 equally important items referencing different elements of good practice AI in medical imaging. RQS consisted of 36 points awarded over 16 items related to good practice radiomics. Final CLAIM and RQS scores were percentage-based, allowing for a total quality score consisting of the average of CLAIM and RQS. Results: Four studies were included. The average total CLAIM score was 74.6% and the average RQS was 52.8%. The corresponding average total quality score (CLAIM + RQS) was 63.7%. Conclusions: A very small number of multicenter radiomics PCa classification studies have been performed with the existing studies being of bad or average quality. Good multicenter studies might increase by encouraging preferably prospective data sharing and paying extra care to documentation in regards to reproducibility and clinical utility.
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DEHÉ, NICOLE, and BETTINA BRAUN. "The prosody of rhetorical questions in English." English Language and Linguistics 24, no. 4 (2019): 607–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674319000157.
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This article contributes to our knowledge about the prosodic realisation of rhetorical questions (RQs) as compared to information-seeking questions (ISQs). It reports on a production experiment testing the prosody of English wh- and polar RQs and ISQs in a Canadian variety. In previous literature, the contribution of prosody to the distinction between the two illocution types has often been limited to the intonational realisation of the terminus of the utterance, i.e. whether it ends in a rise or a fall. Along with edge tones, we tested other phonological and phonetic parameters. Our results are as follows: (i) The intonational terminus was distinctive only for polar questions (rise vs plateau), not for wh-questions (low throughout). (ii) Moreover, the semantic difference between RQs and ISQs is signalled by pitch accents. It is reflected in nuclear pitch accent type for wh-questions, and accent type and position for polar questions. (iii) Phonetically, RQs are produced with longer constituent durations and – for wh-questions – a softer voice quality in the wh-word. Taken together, several intonational categories and phonetic parameters contribute to the distinction between RQs and ISQs. A simple distinction between rising and falling intonation is in any case insufficient.
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Carbonara, Roberta, Pierluigi Bonomo, Alessia Di Rito, et al. "Investigation of Radiation-Induced Toxicity in Head and Neck Cancer Patients through Radiomics and Machine Learning: A Systematic Review." Journal of Oncology 2021 (June 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5566508.
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Background. Radiation-induced toxicity represents a crucial concern in oncological treatments of patients affected by head and neck neoplasms, due to its impact on survivors’ quality of life. Published reports suggested the potential of radiomics combined with machine learning methods in the prediction and assessment of radiation-induced toxicities, supporting a tailored radiation treatment management. In this paper, we present an update of the current knowledge concerning these modern approaches. Materials and Methods. A systematic review according to PICO-PRISMA methodology was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE databases until June 2019. Studies assessing the use of radiomics combined with machine learning in predicting radiation-induced toxicity in head and neck cancer patients were specifically included. Four authors (two independently and two in concordance) assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Radiomic Quality Score (RQS). The overall score for each analyzed study was obtained by the sum of the single RQS items; the average and standard deviation values of the authors’ RQS were calculated and reported. Results. Eight included papers, presenting data on parotid glands, cochlea, masticatory muscles, and white brain matter, were specifically analyzed in this review. Only one study had an average RQS was ≤ 30% (50%), while 3 studies obtained a RQS almost ≤ 25%. Potential variability in the interpretations of specific RQS items could have influenced the inter-rater agreement in specific cases. Conclusions. Published radiomic studies provide encouraging but still limited and preliminary data that require further validation to improve the decision-making processes in preventing and managing radiation-induced toxicities.
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Aringhieri, Giacomo, Salvatore Claudio Fanni, Maria Febi, Leonardo Colligiani, Dania Cioni, and Emanuele Neri. "The Role of Radiomics in Salivary Gland Imaging: A Systematic Review and Radiomics Quality Assessment." Diagnostics 12, no. 12 (2022): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123002.
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Background: Radiomics of salivary gland imaging can support clinical decisions in different clinical scenarios, such as tumors, radiation-induced xerostomia and sialadenitis. This review aims to evaluate the methodological quality of radiomics studies on salivary gland imaging. Material and Methods: A systematic search was performed, and the methodological quality was evaluated using the radiomics quality score (RQS). Subgroup analyses according to the first author’s professional role (medical or not medical), journal type (radiological journal or other) and the year of publication (2021 or before) were performed. The correlation of RQS with the number of patients was calculated. Results: Twenty-three articles were included (mean RQS 11.34 ± 3.68). Most studies well-documented the imaging protocol (87%), while neither prospective validations nor cost-effectiveness analyses were performed. None of the included studies provided open-source data. A statistically significant difference in RQS according to the year of publication was found (p = 0.009), with papers published in 2021 having slightly higher RQSs than older ones. No differences according to journal type or the first author’s professional role were demonstrated. A moderate relationship between the overall RQS and the number of patients was found. Conclusions: Radiomics application in salivary gland imaging is increasing. Although its current clinical applicability can be affected by the somewhat inadequate quality of the papers, a significant improvement in radiomics methodologies has been demonstrated in the last year.
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Brancato, Valentina, Marco Cerrone, Marialuisa Lavitrano, Marco Salvatore, and Carlo Cavaliere. "A Systematic Review of the Current Status and Quality of Radiomics for Glioma Differential Diagnosis." Cancers 14, no. 11 (2022): 2731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14112731.
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Radiomics is a promising tool that may increase the value of imaging in differential diagnosis (DDx) of glioma. However, implementation in clinical practice is still distant and concerns have been raised regarding the methodological quality of radiomic studies. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the current status of radiomic studies concerning glioma DDx, also using the radiomics quality score (RQS) to assess the quality of the methodology used in each study. A systematic literature search was performed to identify original articles focused on the use of radiomics for glioma DDx from 2015. Methodological quality was assessed using the RQS tool. Spearman’s correlation (ρ) analysis was performed to explore whether RQS was correlated with journal metrics and the characteristics of the studies. Finally, 42 articles were selected for the systematic qualitative analysis. Selected articles were grouped and summarized in terms of those on DDx between glioma and primary central nervous system lymphoma, those aiming at differentiating glioma from brain metastases, and those based on DDx of glioma and other brain diseases. Median RQS was 8.71 out 36, with a mean RQS of all studies of 24.21%. Our study revealed that, despite promising and encouraging results, current studies on radiomics for glioma DDx still lack the quality required to allow its introduction into clinical practice. This work could provide new insights and help to reach a consensus on the use of the radiomic approach for glioma DDx.
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Xiao, Hubing, Jingtian Zhu, Liping Fu, Shaohua Zhang, and Junhui Fan. "The radio dichotomy of active galactic nuclei." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 74, no. 2 (2022): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psab121.
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Abstract The question of radio dichotomy in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still in debate, even though it has been discussed for more than 40 years. In order to solve this old riddle, we collect a sample of AGNs with optical B band and radio 6 cm wavelength data to analyze the radio loudness log R. Our results indicate a separation of log R = 〈1.37 ± 0.02〉 between radio-loud (RL) AGNs and radio-quiet (RQ) AGNs, suggesting the existence of an RL/RQ dichotomy. For the first time, we suggest combining radio luminosity and radio loudness as a double criterion to divide AGNs into RLs and RQs to avoid misclassification problems that may happen in the single-criterion scenario; we propose the double-criterion dividing line log L6 cm = −2.7log R + 44.3 by using a machine-learning method. In addition, the key point of the RL/RQ dichotomy is the origin of radio emission for the two classes, and we suggest the radio emission from RLs and RQs share the same origin, e.g., jets and mini-jets (aborted-jet or outflow), through a correlation study between radio 6 cm luminosity and optical B-band luminosity.
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Díaz-Oreiro, Ignacio, Gustavo López, Luis Quesada, and Luis A. Guerrero. "UX Evaluation with Standardized Questionnaires in Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2021 (May 4, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518722.
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Background. Standardized questionnaires are well-known, reliable, and inexpensive instruments to evaluate user experience (UX). Although the structure, content, and application procedure of the three most recognized questionnaires (AttrakDiff, UEQ, and meCUE) are known, there is no systematic literature review (SLR) that classifies how these questionnaires have been used in primary studies reported academically. This SLR seeks to answer five research questions (RQs), starting with identifying the uses of each questionnaire over the years and by geographic region (RQ1) and the median number of participants per study (how many participants is considered enough when evaluating UX?) (RQ2). This work also aims to establish whether these questionnaires are combined with other evaluation instruments and with which complementary instruments are they used more frequently (RQ3). In addition, this review intends to determine how the three questionnaires have been applied in the fields of ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence (RQ4) and also in studies that incorporate nontraditional interfaces, such as haptic, gesture, or speech interfaces, to name a few (RQ5). Methods. A systematic literature review was conducted starting from 946 studies retrieved from four digital databases. The main inclusion criteria being the study describes a primary study reported academically, where the standardized questionnaire is used as a UX evaluation instrument in its original and complete form. In the first phase, 189 studies were discarded by screening the title, abstract, and keyword list. In the second phase, 757 studies were full-text reviewed, and 209 were discarded due to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The 548 resulting studies were analyzed in detail. Results. AttrakDiff is the questionnaire that counts the most uses since 2006, when the first studies appeared. However, since 2017, UEQ has far surpassed AttrakDiff in uses per year. The contribution of meCUE is still minimal. Europe is the region with the most extended use, followed by Asia. Within Europe, Germany greatly exceeds the rest of countries (RQ1). The median number of participants per study is 20, considering the aggregated data from the three questionnaires. However, this median rises to 30 participants in journal studies while it stays in 20 in conference studies (RQ2). Almost 4 in 10 studies apply the questionnaire as the only evaluation instrument. The remaining studies used between one and five complementary instruments, among which the System Usability Scale (SUS) stands out (RQ3). About 1 in 4 studies analyzed belong to ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence fields, in which UEQ increases the percentage of uses when compared to its general percentage, particularly in topics such as IoT and wearable interfaces. However, AttrakDiff remains the predominant questionnaire for studies in smart cities and homes and in-vehicle information systems (RQ4). Around 1 in 3 studies include nontraditional interfaces, being virtual reality and gesture interfaces the most numerous. Percentages of UEQ and meCUE uses in these studies are higher than their respective global percentages, particularly in studies using virtual reality and eye tracking interfaces. AttrakDiff maintains its overall percentage in studies with tangible and gesture interfaces and exceeds it in studies with nontraditional visual interfaces, such as displays in windshields or motorcycle helmets (RQ5).
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Abdurixiti, Meilinuer, Mayila Nijiati, Rongfang Shen, Qiu Ya, Naibijiang Abuduxiku, and Mayidili Nijiati. "Current progress and quality of radiomic studies for predicting EGFR mutation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer using PET/CT images: a systematic review." British Journal of Radiology 94, no. 1122 (2021): 20201272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20201272.
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Objectives: To assess the methodological quality of radiomic studies based on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images predicting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We systematically searched for eligible studies in the PubMed and Web of Science datasets using the terms “radiomics”, “PET/CT”, “NSCLC”, and “EGFR”. The included studies were screened by two reviewers independently. The quality of the radiomic workflow of studies was assessed using the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS). Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine inter rater agreement for the RQS. An overview of the methodologies used in steps of the radiomics workflow and current results are presented. Results: Six studies were included with sample sizes of 973 ranging from 115 to 248 patients. Methodologies in the radiomic workflow varied greatly. The first-order statistics were the most reproducible features. The RQS scores varied from 13.9 to 47.2%. All studies were scored below 50% due to defects on multiple segmentations, phantom study on all scanners, imaging at multiple time points, cut-off analyses, calibration statistics, prospective study, potential clinical utility, and cost-effectiveness analysis. The ICC results for majority of RQS items were excellent. The ICC for summed RQS was 0.986 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.898–0.998]. Conclusions: The PET/CT-based radiomics signature could serve as a diagnostic indicator of EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients. However, the current conclusions should be interpreted with care due to the suboptimal quality of the studies. Consensus for standardization of PET/CT-based radiomic workflow for EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients is warranted to further improve research. Advances in knowledge: Radiomics can offer clinicians better insight into the prediction of EGFR mutation status in NSCLC patients, whereas the quality of relative studies should be improved before application to the clinical setting.
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Hakim, Lukmanul, and Fenny Mei Angraeni. "ANALISIS BIBLIOMETRIK TENTANG RISET STRATEGI PEMASARAN BANK SYARIAH." HUMAN FALAH: Jurnal Studi Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam 9, no. 2 (2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/hf.v9i2.12897.
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<span class="fontstyle0">The marketing of Islamic banks has become an interesting topic in recent<br />decades, along with the development of the halal industry in various countries. It is<br />normal that there is a lot going on about the absence of conventions among<br />academics. This is natural because they also experience other disciplines such as<br />the study of innovation, information systems, and entrepreneurship which are still<br />in the stage of scientific development. The purpose of this study is to review the<br />strategies carried out by Islamic banks by providing extensive bibliometric analysis<br />to answer research or in bibliometric terms called RQ. RQ1 Shows research trends<br />on Islamic Bank Marketing based on the number of articles per year, RQ2 research<br />Top 10 peer-reviewed journals with the most publications, RQ3 top article authors<br />from peer-reviewed published articles and Hussainey K has been the most<br />productive, RQ4 is a publication in the field that comes from several other subjects<br />and disciplines, RQ5 main topics and research in the field visualizing the network<br />describing 8 clusters, RQ6 topics topics for the future, RQ7 this author's country<br />which provides the most publications and collaboration between authors, and RQ8<br />of the most influential articles based on citations in research.</span>
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Liu, Ai, and Meng Sun. "A Unifying Coalgebraic Semantics Framework for Quantum Systems." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 31, no. 03 (2021): 381–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194021500133.
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As a quantum counterpart of labeled transition system (LTS), quantum labeled transition system (QLTS) is a powerful formalism for modeling quantum programs or protocols, and gives a categorical understanding for quantum computation. With the help of quantum branching monad, QLTS provides a framework extending some ideas in non-deterministic or probabilistic systems to quantum systems. On the other hand, quantum finite automata (QFA) emerged as a very elegant and simple model for resolving some quantum computational problems. In this paper, we propose the notion of reactive quantum system (RQS), a variant of QLTS capturing reactive system behavior, and develop a coalgebraic semantics for QLTS, RQS and QFA by an endofunctor on the category of convex sets, which has a final coalgebra. Such a coalgebraic semantics provides a unifying abstract interpretation for QLTS, RQS and QFA. The notions of bisimulation and simulation can be employed to compare the behavior of different types of quantum systems and judge whether a coalgebra can be behaviorally simulated by another.
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Sholl, Sarah, Grit Scheffler, Lynn V. Monrouxe, and Charlotte Rees. "Understanding the healthcare workplace learning culture through safety and dignity narratives: a UK qualitative study of multiple stakeholders’ perspectives." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (2019): e025615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025615.
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ObjectivesWhile studies at the undergraduate level have begun to explore healthcare students’ safety and dignity dilemmas, none have explored such dilemmas with multiple stakeholders at the postgraduate level. The current study therefore explores the patient and staff safety and dignity narratives of multiple stakeholders to better understand the healthcare workplace learning culture.DesignA qualitative interview study using narrative interviewing.SettingTwo sites in the UK ranked near the top and bottom for raising concerns according to the 2013 General Medical Council National Training Survey.ParticipantsUsing maximum variation sampling, 39 participants were recruited representing four different groups (10 public representatives, 10 medical trainees, 8 medical trainers and 11 nurses and allied health professionals) across the two sites.MethodsWe conducted 1 group and 35 individual semistructured interviews. Data collection was completed in 2015. Framework analysis was conducted to identify themes. Theme similarities and differences across the two sites and four groups were established.ResultsWe identified five themes in relation to our three research questions (RQs): (1) understandings of safety and dignity (RQ1); (2) experiences of safety and dignity dilemmas (RQ2); (3) resistance and/or complicity regarding dilemmas encountered (RQ2); (4) factors facilitating safety and/or dignity (RQ3); and (5) factors inhibiting safety and/or dignity (RQ3). The themes were remarkably similar across the two sites and four stakeholder groups.ConclusionsWhile some of our findings are similar to previous research with undergraduate healthcare students, our findings also differ, for example, illustrating higher levels of reported resistance in the postgraduate context. We provide educational implications to uphold safety and dignity at the level of the individual (eg, stakeholder education), interaction (eg, stakeholder communication and teamwork) and organisation (eg, institutional policy).
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Raine, Samuel, Amy Liu, Joel Mintz, Waseem Wahood, Kyle Huntley, and Farzanna Haffizulla. "Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes: Social Determination of Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (2020): 8115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218115.
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As of 18 October 2020, over 39.5 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 1.1 million associated deaths have been reported worldwide. It is crucial to understand the effect of social determination of health on novel COVID-19 outcomes in order to establish health justice. There is an imperative need, for policy makers at all levels, to consider socioeconomic and racial and ethnic disparities in pandemic planning. Cross-sectional analysis from COVID Boston University’s Center for Antiracist Research COVID Racial Data Tracker was performed to evaluate the racial and ethnic distribution of COVID-19 outcomes relative to representation in the United States. Representation quotients (RQs) were calculated to assess for disparity using state-level data from the American Community Survey (ACS). We found that on a national level, Hispanic/Latinx, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, and Black people had RQs > 1, indicating that these groups are over-represented in COVID-19 incidence. Dramatic racial and ethnic variances in state-level incidence and mortality RQs were also observed. This study investigates pandemic disparities and examines some factors which inform the social determination of health. These findings are key for developing effective public policy and allocating resources to effectively decrease health disparities. Protective standards, stay-at-home orders, and essential worker guidelines must be tailored to address the social determination of health in order to mitigate health injustices, as identified by COVID-19 incidence and mortality RQs.
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Piatt, Joseph H., and Christina E. Freibott. "Quality measurement in the shunt treatment of hydrocephalus: analysis and risk adjustment of the Revision Quotient." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 14, no. 1 (2014): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.3.peds13618.
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Object The Revision Quotient (RQ) has been defined as the ratio of the number of CSF shunt revisions to the number of new shunt insertions for a particular neurosurgical practice in a unit of time. The RQ has been proposed as a quality measure in the treatment of childhood hydrocephalus. The authors examined the construct validity of the RQ and explored the feasibility of risk stratification under this metric. Methods The Kids' Inpatient Database for 1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 was queried for admissions with diagnostic codes for hydrocephalus and procedural codes for CSF shunt insertion or revision. Revision quotients were calculated for hospitals that performed 12 or more shunt insertions annually. The univariate associations of hospital RQs with a variety of institutional descriptors were analyzed, and a generalized linear model of the RQ was constructed. Results There were 12,244 admissions (34%) during which new shunts were inserted, and there were 23,349 admissions (66%) for shunt revision. Three hundred thirty-four annual RQs were calculated for 152 different hospitals. Analysis of variance in hospital RQs over the 5 years of study data supports the construct validity of the metric. The following factors were incorporated into a generalized linear model that accounted for 41% of the variance of the measured RQs: degree of pediatric specialization, proportion of initial case mix in the infant age group, and proportion with neoplastic hydrocephalus. Conclusions The RQ has construct validity. Risk adjustment is feasible, but the risk factors that were identified relate predominantly to patterns of patient flow through the health care system. Possible advantages of an alternative metric, the Surgical Activity Ratio, are discussed.
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Pereira, André, Liliana Silva, Célia Laranjeiro, Celeste Lino, and Angelina Pena. "Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part II—Toxicity and Environmental Risk Assessment." Molecules 25, no. 8 (2020): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081796.
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Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabolites and transformation products, belonging to 7 therapeutic groups, were selected to perform a review on their toxicity and environmental risk assessment (ERA) in different aquatic compartments, important issues to tackle the water framework directive (WFD). The toxicity data collected reported, with the exception of anxiolytics, at least one toxicity value for concentrations below 1 µg L−1. The results obtained for the ERA revealed risk quotients (RQs) higher than 1 in all the aquatic bodies and for the three trophic levels, algae, invertebrates and fish, posing ecotoxicological pressure in all of these compartments. The therapeutic groups with higher RQs were hormones, antiepileptics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. Unsurprisingly, RQs values were highest in wastewaters, however, less contaminated water bodies such as groundwaters still presented maximum values up to 91,150 regarding 17α-ethinylestradiol in fish. Overall, these results present an important input for setting prioritizing measures and sustainable strategies, minimizing their impact in the aquatic environment.
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Beyssade, Claire, and Elisabeth Delais-Roussarie. "The prosody of French rhetorical questions." Linguistics Vanguard 8, s2 (2022): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2020-0121.
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Abstract Besides information-seeking questions, there are all kinds of non-standard questions, whose function is not to request information from the addressee, but rather to convey information about the speaker’s epistemic or emotional state. These include rhetorical questions, surprise questions, incredulity questions, etc. This paper focuses on rhetorical questions (RQs), a sub-type of non-canonical questions, and presents the first production experiment which has investigated them in French to date. We compared string-identical rhetorical and information seeking questions (ISQs) in French. Experimental design and preliminary results are presented and discussed. In the final part of the paper, we discuss possible correlations between these findings and the semantic and pragmatic properties that distinguish RQs from ISQs.
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Oliva-Taravilla, Alfredo, Cristhian Carrasco, Leif J. Jönsson, and Carlos Martín. "Effects of Biosurfactants on Enzymatic Saccharification and Fermentation of Pretreated Softwood." Molecules 25, no. 16 (2020): 3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163559.
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The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose is inhibited by non-productive adsorption of cellulases to lignin, and that is particularly problematic with lignin-rich materials such as softwood. Although conventional surfactants alleviate non-productive adsorption, using biosurfactants in softwood hydrolysis has not been reported. In this study, the effects of four biosurfactants, namely horse-chestnut escin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipid, and saponins from red and white quinoa varieties, on the enzymatic saccharification of steam-pretreated spruce were investigated. The used biosurfactants improved hydrolysis, and the best-performing one was escin, which led to cellulose conversions above 90%, decreased by around two-thirds lignin inhibition of Avicel hydrolysis, and improved hydrolysis of pretreated spruce by 24%. Red quinoa saponins (RQS) addition resulted in cellulose conversions above 80%, which was around 16% higher than without biosurfactants, and it was more effective than adding rhamnolipid or white quinoa saponins. Cellulose conversion improved with the increase in RQS addition up to 6 g/100 g biomass, but no significant changes were observed above that dosage. Although saponins are known to inhibit yeast growth, no inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation of hydrolysates produced with RQS addition was detected. This study shows the potential of biosurfactants for enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated softwood.
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Mühlbauer, Julia, Luisa Egen, Karl-Friedrich Kowalewski, et al. "Radiomics in Renal Cell Carcinoma—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Cancers 13, no. 6 (2021): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061348.
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Radiomics may increase the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging for localized and metastatic RCC (mRCC). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Doing so, we comprehensively searched literature databases until May 2020. Studies investigating the diagnostic value of radiomics in differentiation of localized renal tumors and assessment of treatment response to ST in mRCC were included and assessed with respect to their quality using the radiomics quality score (RQS). A total of 113 out of 1098 identified studies met the criteria and were included in qualitative synthesis. Median RQS of all studies was 13.9% (5.0 points, IQR 0.25–7.0 points), and RQS increased over time. Thirty studies were included into the quantitative synthesis: For distinguishing angiomyolipoma, oncocytoma or unspecified benign tumors from RCC, the random effects model showed a log odds ratio (OR) of 2.89 (95%-CI 2.40–3.39, p < 0.001), 3.08 (95%-CI 2.09–4.06, p < 0.001) and 3.57 (95%-CI 2.69–4.45, p < 0.001), respectively. For the general discrimination of benign tumors from RCC log OR was 3.17 (95%-CI 2.73–3.62, p < 0.001). Inhomogeneity of the available studies assessing treatment response in mRCC prevented any meaningful meta-analysis. The application of radiomics seems promising for discrimination of renal tumor dignity. Shared data and open science may assist in improving reproducibility of future studies.
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Gong, Jin, Chang Liu, Xiaojie Jiao, Song He, Liancheng Zhao, and Xianshun Zeng. "A near-infrared fluorescent probe with an improved Stokes shift achieved by tuning the donor–acceptor–donor character of the rhodamine skeleton and its applications." RSC Advances 10, no. 49 (2020): 29536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra04373g.
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Motte, Aurore. "A propos de quelques tournures interrogatives et constructions associées dans les légendes discursives (‘Reden und Rufe’) des tombes privées." Lingua Aegyptia - Journal of Egyptian Language Studies 28 (November 2020): 137–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37011/lingaeg.28.05.
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"(Pseudo)-Interrogative Sentences and Associated Phrases in Speech Captions in Private Tombs": In this paper, I discuss the (pseudo)-interrogative phrases, both those that are introduced by an interrogative word as well as those that are not. My aim is to provide a synchronic and diachronic study of such sentences and to illustrate a few of their uses in the Reden und Rufe corpus. After a short introduction (section 1), the predicate questions jn and jn-jw are considered in section 2 and adjunct questions built with the interrogative pronouns jšs.t, zy, m and the interrogative adverb ṯn(y) in section 3. Section 3 will further discuss a couple of affirmative and exclamative sentences, which have to be linked with the rhetorical question jšs.t pw A. The fourth and last section before conclusions is devoted to three cases studies relevant for this investigation, i.e. the proclitic particle js, which allows the speaker to distance himself from his words through an ironic statement (4.1), interrogative phrases without interrogative words (4.2), and the particle ḫy hitherto known from letters only (4.3). As a result 50 examples from Old Kingdom mastabas to Late Period tombs have been considered. Even if real (or ordinary) questions (OQs) arose in a few cases, there is a clear majority of rhetorical questions (RQs), which are uninformative and assertive. Both OQs and RQs can be expressed by means of the same syntactic structure, be it predicate questions, adjuncts questions, or interrogative phrases without interrogative words. Some are however preferred for RQs, and vice versa. The RQs as adjunct questions, which are predominant in this text corpus, invoke a predetermined answer from the addressee, being either jnk pw or jnk + nominalized participle. As such they reveal a first rhetorical strategy in which the answer is the counterpart of the question with exactly the same syntactic structure jšs.t pw A – jnk pw, zy pw A – jnk pw, and (j)n-m + participle – jnk + participle). The jšs.t pw A and (j)n-m + participle patterns expose a further rhetorical strategy in which the speaker and/or the addressee is/are objectified.
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Sepúlveda, Samuel, and Ania Cravero. "Reasoning Algorithms on Feature Modeling—A Systematic Mapping Study." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115563.
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Context: Software product lines (SPLs) have reached a considerable level of adoption in the software industry. The most commonly used models for managing the variability of SPLs are feature models (FMs). The analysis of FMs is an error-prone, tedious task, and it is not feasible to accomplish this task manually with large-scale FMs. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to developing reasoning algorithms for FMs. Aim: To synthesize the evidence on the use of reasoning algorithms for feature modeling. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study, including six research questions. This study included 66 papers published from 2010 to 2020. Results: We found that most algorithms were used in the domain stage (70%). The most commonly used technologies were transformations (18%). As for the origins of the proposals, they were mainly rooted in academia (76%). The FODA model continued to be the most frequently used representation for feature modeling (70%). A large majority of the papers presented some empirical validation process (90%). Conclusion: We were able to respond to the RQs. The FODA model is consolidated as a reference within SPLs to manage variability. Responses to RQ2 and RQ6 require further review.
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Yazici, Ali, Ziya Karakaya, and Mohammed Alayyoub. "A Systematic Study for Big Data Stream Processing Frameworks." Journal on Advances in Theoretical and Applied Informatics 2, no. 2 (2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26729/jadi.v2i2.1914.
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The choice of the most effective stream processing framework (SPF) for Big Data has been an important issue among the researchers and practioners. Each of the SPFs has different cutting edge technologies in their steps of processing the data in motion that gives them a better advantage over the others. Even though, these technologies used in each SPF might better them, it is still difficult to conclude which framework berforms better under different scenarios and conditions. In this paper, we aim to show trends and differences about several SPFs for Big Data by using the so called Systematic Mapping (SM) approach using the related research outcomes. To achieve this objective, nine research questions (RQs) were raised, in which 91 studies that were conducted between 2010 and 2015 were evaluated. We present the trends by classifying the research on SPFs with respect to the proposed RQs which can direct researchers in getting an state-of-art overview of the field.
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Marras, Theodore K., Linda Jamieson, and Charles K. Chan. "Inpatient Care of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: The Effect of Antimicrobial Guidelines on Clinical Outcomes and Drug Costs in Canadian Teaching Hospitals." Canadian Respiratory Journal 11, no. 2 (2004): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/970828.
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BACKGROUND:Evidence supporting antibiotic treatment guidelines and respiratory quinolones (RQs) in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is limited.OBJECTIVE:To study associations among guideline adherence, specific antibiotics, clinical outcomes and antibiotic costs.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study in three tertiary care university teaching hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, studying CAP inpatients between November 1997 and June 2000. The period encompassed 12 months when an early version of empirical antibiotic guidelines was used (early cohort) and 18 months when recent guidelines (including RQs) were used (recent cohort).RESULTS:Six hundred ninety-eight cases of CAP were reviewed, and 91% were guideline adherent. In multivariable analyses, no association was observed between guideline adherence and mortality or duration of hospitalization. Guideline-adherent cases received fewer antibiotics in both cohorts and 0.9 days less of intravenous antibiotics (P=0.04) in the recent cohort. There was no significant difference in antibiotic cost according to guideline adherence, but recent cohort guideline-adherent cases had lower drug costs than early cohort guideline-adherent cases. Antibiotic selection was associated with illness severity and was mirrored by clinical outcomes, despite controlling for the pneumonia severity index (PSI). Treatment with anaerobic agents (odds ratio 2.7, P=0.001) or cephalosporin plus macrolide (odds ratio 2.7, P=0.02) was associated with higher mortality. Treatment with RQ monotherapy was associated with a 2.3 day shorter duration of intravenous therapy (P<0.0001) and a $19.19 lower total antibiotic cost (P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:Findings support empirical treatment guidelines for CAP and their recommendations regarding RQs. The association between mortality and anaerobic coverage or combination therapy may reflect prognostic information available at presentation but not captured by the PSI.
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Avanzini, Alessandro, Piero Balossino, Marco Brignoli, Elisa Spelta, and Cristiano Tarchiani. "Lithologic and geomechanical facies classification for sweet spot identification in gas shale reservoir." Interpretation 4, no. 3 (2016): SL21—SL31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0199.1.
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Unconventional reservoirs require advanced technologies such as horizontal well placement and hydraulic fracturing to be successfully exploited at economic rates. In this context, static and dynamic reservoir quality (RQ) concepts are introduced. Static RQ or standard RQ comprises a set of petrophysical parameters that describe formation tendency for development. Dynamic RQ or completion quality is defined by a set of geomechanical parameters that estimate formation tendency to be fractured. The convergence of static and dynamic RQs allows for evaluating the production potential of a field; particularly, productive sweet spots are located in those intervals in which good static and dynamic RQs are detected. We have developed a workflow to identify producible intervals in unconventional reservoirs by means of lithologic and geomechanical facies classification. Starting from core data, a clustering technique is used to create a set of lithologic facies that are then extended to the logged interval and characterized in terms of static RQ. The same approach is used to classify the logged interval with a set of geomechanical facies in which dynamic RQ is estimated. The integration of lithologic and geomechanical facies leads to sweet spot identification. Workflow application to available data from the Barnett Shale Formation allows us to classify the logged interval with four log facies (LF) and five geomechanical facies (GF) and to identify productive sweet spots in the upper and middle Lower Barnett. Eventually, LF and GF are linked to seismic facies probability volumes and Young’s modulus from elastic inversion of surface seismic. Seismic-driven geostatistical realization of LF and GF provides static and dynamic RQs volumes that are combined into volumes of productive and nonproductive facies.
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고성란. "Interrogative Questions (IQs) and Rhetorical Questions (RQs) in English and Korean." Jungang Journal of English Language and Literature 54, no. 4 (2012): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18853/jjell.2012.54.4.002.
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Ramlee, Syafiq, David Hulse, Kinga Bernatowicz, Raquel Pérez-López, Evis Sala, and Luigi Aloj. "Radiomic Signatures Associated with CD8+ Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment Study." Cancers 14, no. 15 (2022): 3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14153656.
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The tumour immune microenvironment influences the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Within this microenvironment are CD8-expressing tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs), which are an important mediator and marker of anti-tumour response. In practice, the assessment of CD8+ TILs via tissue sampling involves logistical challenges. Radiomics, the high-throughput extraction of features from medical images, may offer a novel and non-invasive alternative. We performed a systematic review of the available literature reporting radiomic signatures associated with CD8+ TILs. We also aimed to evaluate the methodological quality of the identified studies using the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) tool, and the risk of bias and applicability with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. Articles were searched from inception until 31 December 2021, in three electronic databases, and screened against eligibility criteria. Twenty-seven articles were included. A wide variety of cancers have been studied. The reported radiomic signatures were heterogeneous, with very limited reproducibility between studies of the same cancer group. The overall quality of studies was found to be less than desirable (mean RQS = 33.3%), indicating a need for technical maturation. Some potential avenues for further investigation are also discussed.
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Figueroa Barraza, Joaquín, Enrique López Droguett, and Marcelo Ramos Martins. "Towards Interpretable Deep Learning: A Feature Selection Framework for Prognostics and Health Management Using Deep Neural Networks." Sensors 21, no. 17 (2021): 5888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175888.
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In the last five years, the inclusion of Deep Learning algorithms in prognostics and health management (PHM) has led to a performance increase in diagnostics, prognostics, and anomaly detection. However, the lack of interpretability of these models results in resistance towards their deployment. Deep Learning-based models fall within the accuracy/interpretability tradeoff, which means that their complexity leads to high performance levels but lacks interpretability. This work aims at addressing this tradeoff by proposing a technique for feature selection embedded in deep neural networks that uses a feature selection (FS) layer trained with the rest of the network to evaluate the input features’ importance. The importance values are used to determine which will be considered for deployment of a PHM model. For comparison with other techniques, this paper introduces a new metric called ranking quality score (RQS), that measures how performance evolves while following the corresponding ranking. The proposed framework is exemplified with three case studies involving health state diagnostics and prognostics and remaining useful life prediction. Results show that the proposed technique achieves higher RQS than the compared techniques, while maintaining the same performance level when compared to the same model but without an FS layer.
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Barravecchia, Federico, Fiorenzo Franceschini, Luca Mastrogiacomo, and Mohamed Zaki. "Research on product-service systems: topic landscape and future trends." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 32, no. 9 (2021): 208–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-04-2020-0164.
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PurposeThe paper attempts to address the following research questions (RQs): RQ1: What are the main research topics within PSS research? RQ2: What are future trends for PSS research?Design/methodology/approachTwenty years of research (1999–2018) on product-service systems (PSS) produced a significant amount of scientific literature on the topic. As the PSS field is relatively new and fragmented across different disciplines, a review of the prior and relevant literature is important in order to provide the necessary framework for understanding current developments and future perspectives. This paper aims to review and organize research contributions regarding PSS. A machine-learning algorithm, namely Latent Dirichlet Allocation, has been applied to the whole literature corpus on PSS in order to understand its structure.FindingsThe adopted approach resulted in the definition of eight distinct and representative topics able to deal adequately with the multidisciplinarity of the PSS. Furthermore, a systematic review of the literature is proposed to summarize the state-of-the-art and limitations in the identified PSS research topics. Based on this critical analysis, major gaps and future research challenges are presented and discussed.Originality/valueOn the basis of the results of the topic landscape, the paper presents some potential research opportunities on PSSs. In particular, challenges, transversal to the eight research topics and related to recent technology trends and digital transformation, have been discussed.
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Li, Dongmei, Jieman Lin, Yizhi Wang, Wen Zhang, and Shaoxiu Li. "Optimum backwashing conditions and ammonium-nitrogen treatment efficiency of iron oxide modified sands coated in biofilm." Water Supply 16, no. 2 (2015): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.152.
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In this study, iron oxide modified sands with nano-pores (IOMSNP) were enveloped in biofilm (B-IOMSNP) in order to treat the ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) in micro-polluted raw water. The biomass, optimum backwashing conditions, treatment efficiency, and surface morphological properties of the B-IOMSNP were investigated via bio-filtration experiments. The raw quartz sands (RQS) and IOMSNP exhibited biomass levels of 24.32 nmol-P/(g-sand) and 83.71 nmol-P/(g-sand), respectively. The B-IOMSNP filter exhibited a lower swelling ratio, smaller initial head loss, and longer filtration period when water and air were used alternately for backwashing rather than water alone. In addition, the B-IOMSNP was most effective when air alone (at a strength of qair,I = 7 L/(s·m2) for tair,I = 6 min), a combination of air and water (at strengths of qair,II = 7 L/(s·m2) and qwater,II = 5 L/(s·m2) for tair-water,II = 6 min, respectively), and water alone (at a strength of qwater,III = 7 L/(s·m2) for twater,III = 4 min) were used alternately for flushing. The results indicated that the proposed B-IOMSNP could efficiently resist the shock induced by high NH4+-N concentrations (4 mg/L). The ripening period of the B-IOMSNP column was equal to 30 minutes. Furthermore, the B-IOMSNP reduced the turbidity of the water to values of less than 0.2 NTU for 72 hours and exhibited an NH4+-N removal rate of up to 96% and a head loss of 132 cm. In contrast, the biofilm-coated RQS exhibited an NH4+-N removal rate varying from 60% to 82%, a filtration period of 16 hours, and a terminal head loss of 58 cm. Due to its nano-pores and rough surface, the IOMSNP exhibited a specific surface area 39 times greater than that of the RQS, resulting in a higher filtration performance and absorption capacity.
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Guan, Bo, Lei Guo, Mark Gibson, and Zhengyan Li. "The derivation of water quality criteria for bisphenol A for the protection of marine species in China." Water Quality Research Journal 53, no. 3 (2018): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2018.035.
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Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental estrogen that occurs widely in the aquatic environment and causes feminization to various species, including fishes and gastropods. This study aims to develop the water quality criteria for BPA in the marine environment using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology from a scientific basis. Both acute and chronic toxicity data tested with saltwater species resident to China were collected. Additional tests were conducted to supplement toxicity data with local saltwater biota, including mollusk (Ruditapes philippinarum) and fish species (Scophthalmus maximus and Pagrosomus major). Based on SSD modelling, the criterion maximum concentration of BPA was estimated to be 273 μg/L. The criterion continuous concentration (CCC) for reproductive and non-reproductive effects was calculated to be 0.46 μg/L and 4.90 μg/L, respectively. Based on the derived criteria, the acute risk of BPA in coastal waters of China was determined to be negligible with RQs (risk quotients) of <0.01. The chronic risk was however much higher with RQs of up to 0.4 and 4.3 based on non-reproductive and reproductive CCC, respectively. The ecological risk assessment for BPA based on reproductive CCC can, therefore, better protect the safety of marine species.
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Suwari, Herry Zadrak Kotta, and Paulus Bhuja. "ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE EXPOSURE TO AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION IN KUPANG CITY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 6 (2020): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i6.2020.519.
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Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the main pollutants that affecting the quality of life and human health. Mostly, the effects of NO2 exposure depending on concentration, duration of exposure and anthropometric variables. This study aimed to analyzing the NO2 concentration of ambient air and to assessing human health risks in real time and lifetime exposure. To achieve that goal, air samples were taken at four strategic locations in Kupang City, in which were represented by industrial, roadside, residential, and office areas. The Griess Saltzman method was used for sampling and analysis of NO2 levels. Totally, there were 48 air samples had been analyzed for NO2 levels. The detected NO2 concentration showed a trend varied between sampling locations. Overall, NO2 levels measured still met ambient air quality standards. Human health risk assessment was carried out by determining the intake (I) and Risk Quotient (RQs) in four groups of individuals exposed to NO2. The results shown that the RQs for real time and lifetime exposures were both less than 1.0, in which implying a non-carcinogenic risk of NO2 exposure in the study area. The results Health risk assessment also indicating that potential non-carcinogenic risks occur when NO2 exposure is more than 39 years.
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Marzuki, Ahmad, Ahmad Nor Hadi, and Muhammad Eriza. "RASIO DAYA DUKUNG TIANG RENCANA TERHADAP DAYA DUKUNG TIANG AKTUAL." Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil 6, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31961/gradasi.v6i1.1330.
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Prediksi daya dukung tiang rencana dari beberapa metode statis dan dinamis sering ditemui tidak sesuai denga daya dukung aktual di lapangan. Daya dukung tiang rencana tersebut harus divalidasi terhadap daya dukung tiang aktual dimana respon daya dukung tiang sudah termobilisasi penuh. Dalam rangka memenuhi tujuan tersebut dilakukan pengambilan data NSPT dari bor dalam dan data kalendering dari pemancangan dinamis sebagai parameter perhitungan daya dukung tiang rencana. Daya dukung tiang rencana ini akan menjadi desain kebutuhan seluruh pemancangan tiang. Oleh sebab itu perlu diketahui rasio daya dukung tiang rencana metode statis dan dinamis terhadap daya dukung tiang aktual di lapangan dari uji Pile Dynamic Analysis (PDA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode statis rata-rata untuk tanah pasiran yang mendekati nilai daya dukung uji PDA adalah metode Luciano Decourt dengan Qu = 460,5 ton, Qp=170,1 ton dan Qs= 290,35 ton dengan rasio RQu=0,98; RQp=1,20; RQs=0,88. Sementara untuk daya dukung dinamis rata-rata dan rasio dari tiga metode Hilley, ENR dan WIKA untuk tanah pasiran yang mendekati nilai daya dukung uji PDA adalah daya dukung dari metode Hiley dengan Qu= 481,39 ton, Qp=172,82 ton, Qs= 313,79 ton dengan RQu =1,02; RQp =1,21 dan RQs = 0,96. Kata Kunci: Daya Dukung Tiang, PDA, Rasio, NSPT
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Wang, Qiang, Changfeng Li, Jiaxing Zhang, et al. "Radiomics Models for Predicting Microvascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Radiomics Quality Score Assessment." Cancers 13, no. 22 (2021): 5864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13225864.
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Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) is of importance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patient treatment management. Plenty of radiomics models for MVI prediction have been proposed. This study aimed to elucidate the role of radiomics models in the prediction of MVI and to evaluate their methodological quality. The methodological quality was assessed by the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS), and the risk of bias was evaluated by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). Twenty-two studies using CT, MRI, or PET/CT for MVI prediction were included. All were retrospective studies, and only two had an external validation cohort. The AUC values of the prediction models ranged from 0.69 to 0.94 in the test cohort. Substantial methodological heterogeneity existed, and the methodological quality was low, with an average RQS score of 10 (28% of the total). Most studies demonstrated a low or unclear risk of bias in the domains of QUADAS-2. In conclusion, a radiomics model could be an accurate and effective tool for MVI prediction in HCC patients, although the methodological quality has so far been insufficient. Future prospective studies with an external validation cohort in accordance with a standardized radiomics workflow are expected to supply a reliable model that translates into clinical utilization.
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Faiella, Eliodoro, Domiziana Santucci, Alessandro Calabrese, et al. "Artificial Intelligence in Bone Metastases: An MRI and CT Imaging Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 1880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031880.
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(1) Background: The purpose of this review is to study the role of radiomics as a supporting tool in predicting bone disease status, differentiating benign from malignant bone lesions, and characterizing malignant bone lesions. (2) Methods: Two reviewers conducted the literature search independently. Thirteen articles on radiomics as a decision support tool for bone lesions were selected. The quality of the methodology was evaluated according to the radiomics quality score (RQS). (3) Results: All studies were published between 2018 and 2021 and were retrospective in design. Eleven (85%) studies were MRI-based, and two (15%) were CT-based. The sample size was <200 patients for all studies. There is significant heterogeneity in the literature, as evidenced by the relatively low RQS value (average score = 22.6%). There is not a homogeneous protocol used for MRI sequences among the different studies, although the highest predictive ability was always obtained in T2W-FS. Six articles (46%) reported on the potential application of the model in a clinical setting with a decision curve analysis (DCA). (4) Conclusions: Despite the variability in the radiomics method application, the similarity of results and conclusions observed is encouraging. Substantial limits were found; prospective and multicentric studies are needed to affirm the role of radiomics as a supporting tool.
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Javed, Iqra, Uzair Iqbal, Muhammad Bilal, Basit Shahzad, Tae-Sun Chung, and Muhammad Attique. "Next Generation Infectious Diseases Monitoring Gages via Incremental Federated Learning: Current Trends and Future Possibilities." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2023 (March 1, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1102715.
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Infectious diseases are always alarming for the survival of human life and are a key concern in the public health domain. Therefore, early diagnosis of these infectious diseases is a high demand for modern-era healthcare systems. Novel general infectious diseases such as coronavirus are infectious diseases that cause millions of human deaths across the globe in 2020. Therefore, early, robust recognition of general infectious diseases is the desirable requirement of modern intelligent healthcare systems. This systematic study is designed under Kitchenham guidelines and sets different RQs (research questions) for robust recognition of general infectious diseases. From 2018 to 2021, four electronic databases, IEEE, ACM, Springer, and ScienceDirect, are used for the extraction of research work. These extracted studies delivered different schemes for the accurate recognition of general infectious diseases through different machine learning techniques with the inclusion of deep learning and federated learning models. A framework is also introduced to share the process of detection of infectious diseases by using machine learning models. After the filtration process, 21 studies are extracted and mapped to defined RQs. In the future, early diagnosis of infectious diseases will be possible through wearable health monitoring cages. Moreover, these gages will help to reduce the time and death rate by detection of severe diseases at starting stage.
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Maenhout, Laura, Carmen Peuters, Greet Cardon, Geert Crombez, Ann DeSmet, and Sofie Compernolle. "Nonusage Attrition of Adolescents in an mHealth Promotion Intervention and the Role of Socioeconomic Status: Secondary Analysis of a 2-Arm Cluster-Controlled Trial." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 10, no. 5 (2022): e36404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/36404.
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Background Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may help adolescents adopt healthy lifestyles. However, attrition in these interventions is high. Overall, there is a lack of research on nonusage attrition in adolescents, particularly regarding the role of socioeconomic status (SES). Objective The aim of this study was to focus on the role of SES in the following three research questions (RQs): When do adolescents stop using an mHealth intervention (RQ1)? Why do they report nonusage attrition (RQ2)? Which intervention components (ie, self-regulation component, narrative, and chatbot) prevent nonusage attrition among adolescents (RQ3)? Methods A total of 186 Flemish adolescents (aged 12-15 years) participated in a 12-week mHealth program. Log data were monitored to measure nonusage attrition and usage duration for the 3 intervention components. A web-based questionnaire was administered to assess reasons for attrition. A survival analysis was conducted to estimate the time to attrition and determine whether this differed according to SES (RQ1). Descriptive statistics were performed to map the attrition reasons, and Fisher exact tests were used to determine if these reasons differed depending on the educational track (RQ2). Mixed effects Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the associations between the use duration of the 3 components during the first week and attrition. An interaction term was added to the regression models to determine whether associations differed by the educational track (RQ3). Results After 12 weeks, 95.7% (178/186) of the participants stopped using the app. 30.1% (56/186) of the adolescents only opened the app on the installation day, and 44.1% (82/186) stopped using the app in the first week. Attrition at any given time during the intervention period was higher for adolescents from the nonacademic educational track compared with those from the academic track. The other SES indicators (family affluence and perceived financial situation) did not explain attrition. The most common reasons for nonusage attrition among participants were perceiving that the app did not lead to behavior change, not liking the app, thinking that they already had a sufficiently healthy lifestyle, using other apps, and not being motivated by the environment. Attrition reasons did not differ depending on the educational track. More time spent in the self-regulation and narrative components during the first week was associated with lower attrition, whereas chatbot use duration was not associated with attrition rates. No moderating effects of SES were observed in the latter association. Conclusions Nonusage attrition was high, especially among adolescents in the nonacademic educational track. The reported reasons for attrition were diverse, with no statistical differences according to the educational level. The duration of the use of the self-regulation and narrative components during the first week may prevent attrition for both educational tracks. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04719858; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04719858
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Cheng, Vanessa Wan Sze, Tracey Davenport, Daniel Johnson, Kellie Vella, and Ian B. Hickie. "Gamification in Apps and Technologies for Improving Mental Health and Well-Being: Systematic Review." JMIR Mental Health 6, no. 6 (2019): e13717. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13717.
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BackgroundThere is little research on the application of gamification to mental health and well-being. Furthermore, usage of gamification-related terminology is inconsistent. Current applications of gamification for health and well-being have also been critiqued for adopting a behaviorist approach that relies on positive reinforcement and extrinsic motivators.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze current applications of gamification for mental health and well-being by answering 3 research questions (RQs). RQ1: which gamification elements are most commonly applied to apps and technologies for improving mental health and well-being? RQ2: which mental health and well-being domains are most commonly targeted by these gamified apps and technologies? RQ3: what reasons do researchers give for applying gamification to these apps and technologies? A systematic review of the literature was conducted to answer these questions.MethodsWe searched ACM Digital Library, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, IEEE Explore, JMIR, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science for qualifying papers published between the years 2013 and 2018. To answer RQ1 and RQ2, papers were coded for gamification elements and mental health and well-being domains according to existing taxonomies in the game studies and medical literature. During the coding process, it was necessary to adapt our coding frame and revise these taxonomies. Thematic analysis was conducted to answer RQ3.ResultsThe search and screening process identified 70 qualifying papers that collectively reported on 50 apps and technologies. The most commonly observed gamification elements were levels or progress feedback, points or scoring, rewards or prizes, narrative or theme, personalization, and customization; the least commonly observed elements were artificial assistance, unlockable content, social cooperation, exploratory or open-world approach, artificial challenge, and randomness. The most commonly observed mental health and well-being domains were anxiety disorders and well-being, whereas the least commonly observed domains were conduct disorder and bipolar disorders. Researchers’ justification for applying gamification to improving mental health and well-being was coded in 59% (41/70) of the papers and was broadly divided into 2 themes: (1) promoting engagement and (2) enhancing an intervention’s intended effects.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the current application of gamification to apps and technologies for improving mental health and well-being does not align with the trend of positive reinforcement critiqued in the greater health and well-being literature. We also observed overlap between the most commonly used gamification techniques and existing behavior change frameworks. Results also suggest that the application of gamification is not driven by health behavior change theory, and that many researchers may treat gamification as a black box without consideration for its underlying mechanisms. We call for the inclusion of more comprehensive and explicit descriptions of how gamification is applied and the standardization of applied games terminology within and across fields.
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Ismail, Norismiza, and Umi Kalsom Yusof. "RECENT TRENDS OF MACHINE LEARNING PREDICTIONS USING OPEN DATA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Journal of Information and Communication Technology 21, No.3 (2022): 337–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jict2022.21.3.3.
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Machine learning (ML) prediction determinants based on open data (OD) are investigated in this work, which is accomplished by examining current research trends over ten years. Currently, OD is commonly regarded as the most crucial trend for users to improve their ability to make decisions, particularly to the exponential expansion of social networking sites (SNSs) and open government data (OGD).The purpose of this study was to examine if there was an increase in the usage of OD in ML prediction techniques by conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) of the results of the trends. The papers published in major online scientific databases between 2011 and 2020, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ACM, and Springer, were identified and analysed. After various selection and Springer, were identified and analysed. After various selection processes, according to SLR based on precise inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 302 articles were located. However, only 81 of them were included. The findings were presented and plotted based on the research questions (RQs). In conclusion, this research could be beneficial to organisations, practitioners, and researchers by providing information on current trends in the implementation of ML prediction using OD setting by mapping studies based on the RQs designed, the most recent growth, and the necessity for future research based on the findings.
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Avula, Sandeep, Bogeum Choi, and Jaime Arguello. "The Effects of System Initiative during Conversational Collaborative Search." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW1 (2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512913.
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Our research in this paper lies at the intersection of collaborative and conversational search. We report on a Wizard of Oz lab study in which 27 pairs of participants collaborated on search tasks over the Slack messaging platform. To complete tasks, pairs of collaborators interacted with a so-called searchbot with conversational capabilities. The role of the searchbot was played by a reference librarian. It is widely accepted that conversational search systems should be able to engage in mixed-initiative interaction ---take and relinquish control of a multi-agent conversation as appropriate. Research in discourse analysis differentiates between dialog- and task-level initiative. Taking dialog-level initiative involves leading a conversation for the sole purpose of establishing mutual belief between agents. Conversely, taking task-level initiative involves leading a conversation with the intent to influence the goals of the other agent(s). Participants in our study experienced three searchbot conditions, which varied based on the level of initiative the human searchbot was able to take: (1) no initiative, (2) only dialog-level initiative, and (3) both dialog- and task-level initiative. We investigate the effects of the searchbot condition on six different types of outcomes: (RQ1) perceptions of the searchbot's utility, (RQ2) perceptions of workload, (RQ3) perceptions of the collaboration, (RQ4) patterns of communication and collaboration, and perceived (RQ5) benefits and (RQ6) challenges from engaging with the searchbot.
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Hulko, Wendy, Noeman Mirza, Kathy Rush, et al. "MULTI-CASE STUDY OF A NOVEL HEALTHCARE DELIVERY MODEL TO SUPPORT AGING IN PLACE IN RURAL, REMOTE, AND SMALL URBAN AREAS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2688.
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Abstract Aging in place has long been a policy objective in Canadian healthcare, with accompanying concerns about older adults in rural and remote regions, and growing interest in small urban areas as distinct from large urban ones. As one of the six health authorities in British Columbia (BC), Interior Health (IH) developed and implemented an innovative healthcare delivery model to support aging in place for older adults, while addressing system issues of cost containment and resource allocation. By transferring funds from acute care to primary care, IH created Seniors Health and Wellness Centres (SHWCs) in two small urban areas (Kelowna and Kamloops) and a third one with two rural sites (Salmon Arm and Revelstoke). Our multi-case study aimed to compare how the SHWCs are meeting their objectives, and addressing the priorities of rural and small urban older adults and their social determinants of health (SDoH). We used mixed methods of data collection and analysis, including key informant interviews (n=9), service user questionnaires (n=10), document analysis (n=19), and secondary data analysis of service usage (n=2343) to answer research questions (RQs) on the outcomes and impacts of IH’s restructuring. The results show the outcomes (RQ1) to be three SHWCs which vary considerably in their design and usage, including access, quality, and continuity of care. Our findings on the impacts (RQ2) indicate the SHWCs are meeting their cost reduction aims while concentrating on some SDoH (income & dis/ability) and neglecting others (gender, racism, rurality), and progressing slowly in addressing certain priorities of older adults.
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Stanzione, Arnaldo, Roberta Galatola, Renato Cuocolo, et al. "Radiomics in Cross-Sectional Adrenal Imaging: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment Study." Diagnostics 12, no. 3 (2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030578.
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In this study, we aimed to systematically review the current literature on radiomics applied to cross-sectional adrenal imaging and assess its methodological quality. Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science were searched to identify original research articles investigating radiomics applications on cross-sectional adrenal imaging (search end date February 2021). For qualitative synthesis, details regarding study design, aim, sample size and imaging modality were recorded as well as those regarding the radiomics pipeline (e.g., segmentation and feature extraction strategy). The methodological quality of each study was evaluated using the radiomics quality score (RQS). After duplicate removal and selection criteria application, 25 full-text articles were included and evaluated. All were retrospective studies, mostly based on CT images (17/25, 68%), with manual (19/25, 76%) and two-dimensional segmentation (13/25, 52%) being preferred. Machine learning was paired to radiomics in about half of the studies (12/25, 48%). The median total and percentage RQS scores were 2 (interquartile range, IQR = −5–8) and 6% (IQR = 0–22%), respectively. The highest and lowest scores registered were 12/36 (33%) and −5/36 (0%). The most critical issues were the absence of proper feature selection, the lack of appropriate model validation and poor data openness. The methodological quality of radiomics studies on adrenal cross-sectional imaging is heterogeneous and lower than desirable. Efforts toward building higher quality evidence are essential to facilitate the future translation into clinical practice.
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Shashi, Shashi, Roberto Cerchione, Rajwinder Singh, Piera Centobelli, and Amir Shabani. "Food cold chain management." International Journal of Logistics Management 29, no. 3 (2018): 792–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-01-2017-0007.
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Purpose Since last few years, cold chain management (CCM) has gained growing interest among practitioners, policymakers, researchers and academicians. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review focused on food cold chain management (FCCM) over the last 16 years to identify state of the art in the literature, highlight research gaps and define appropriate research questions (RQs) for future research. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyzes the content of 89 research articles published on the topic of food cold chain (FCC) from 2001 to 2016 within different journals. The Scopus and Web of Science databases were taken into consideration to shortlist research articles. Henceforth, the authors scrutinized the FCC industry to offer some effective strategies to tackle the chain complexities. The authors also draw interwoven between FCC infrastructure, integration, stakeholders’ interest, value addition, partners’ performance and overall food cold chain performance (FCCP) into a conceptual framework. Findings This paper identifies four research gaps in the literature of FCC concerning the most popular approaches used for the FCCP measurement, the performance measurement metrics, the factors which negatively affect the FCCP and the main sustainability issues in FCC. Originality/value This study identifies RQs which represent possible areas of investigation to improve the body of the FCCP evaluation and management. Furthermore, the FCC practitioners, food authorities and researchers might find this review useful, as it draws a clear picture of research in the respective domain.
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Döring, Nicola, Melisa Conde, Karlheinz Brandenburg, et al. "Can Communication Technologies Reduce Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older People? A Scoping Review of Reviews." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (2022): 11310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811310.
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Background: Loneliness and social isolation in older age are considered major public health concerns and research on technology-based solutions is growing rapidly. This scoping review of reviews aims to summarize the communication technologies (CTs) (review question RQ1), theoretical frameworks (RQ2), study designs (RQ3), and positive effects of technology use (RQ4) present in the research field. Methods: A comprehensive multi-disciplinary, multi-database literature search was conducted. Identified reviews were analyzed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework. A total of N = 28 research reviews that cover 248 primary studies spanning 50 years were included. Results: The majority of the included reviews addressed general internet and computer use (82% each) (RQ1). Of the 28 reviews, only one (4%) worked with a theoretical framework (RQ2) and 26 (93%) covered primary studies with quantitative-experimental designs (RQ3). The positive effects of technology use were shown in 55% of the outcome measures for loneliness and 44% of the outcome measures for social isolation (RQ4). Conclusion: While research reviews show that CTs can reduce loneliness and social isolation in older people, causal evidence is limited and insights on innovative technologies such as augmented reality systems are scarce.
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Lv, Dai Zhu, Yong Jiao Tang, Hong Qiu Yuan, and Jian Guo Li. "Research on Pollution Status and Risk Assessment of Environmental Hormone in Aquaculture Seawater of Shenzhen, China." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.130.
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The concentrations of five different kinds of environmental hormone which including nonyl phenol, bis-phenol A, methyltestosterone, megestrol and diethylstilbestrol in aquaculture seawater of Shenzhen have been studied. Their risk quotients (RQ) are calculated to evaluate the risk to seawater pollution. The results showed that the RQs for the five environment hormones are nonyl phenol (0 - 0.07), bis-phenol (0-2.15), methyltestosterone (0.17), diethylstilbestrol and megestrol (not found). Bis-phenol belongs to chronic potential ecological risk in the water and sediment. The purpose is to provide clues for improving Chinese Eco-risk assessment techniques and thus to enhance security of mariculture in China.