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1
Hai, Seikan, Etsuro Hatano, Tadamichi Hirano, Yasukane Asano, Kazuhiro Suzumura, Hideaki Sueoka, and Jiro Fujimoto. "Hepatectomy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma with Right-Sided Ligamentum Teres Using a Hepatectomy Simulation System." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 11, no. 3 (September 27, 2017): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000480375.
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Right-sided ligamentum teres (RSLT) is a rare congenital anomaly often accompanied by variation of the hepatic vasculature. We herein report a surgical case of a hilar cholangiocarcinoma with RSLT in whom preoperative hepatectomy simulation proved useful for understanding the anatomical structure of the liver. A 78-year-old male with obstructive jaundice was referred to our department for further examination. The patient was suspected of having a hilar cholangiocarcinoma originating from the left hepatic bile duct by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and CT also showed right umbilical portion (RUP). Three-dimensional images of the hepatic vasculature and biliary system reconstructed using a hepatectomy simulation system suggested that all portal branches ramified from RUP were right paramedian branches, and three leftward portal branches from these ran parallel to the peripheral bile ducts confluent with the left hepatic bile duct, where the tumor was present. Hepatic resection of part of the ventral area of the right paramedian sector and left hemiliver was performed along the demarcation line drawn after clamping the portal branches; the ratio of estimated liver resection volume was 28.9%. After the operation, bile leakage occurred. However, the leakage was treated with percutaneous drainage alone, and the patient was discharged 77 days after the operation. The patient is doing well without any signs of recurrence 21 months after the operation. The vascular and biliary anatomy in patients with RSLT is complicated and should be evaluated in detail preoperatively using a hepatectomy simulation system.
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Keogh, Molly E., and Torbjörn E. Törnqvist. "Measuring rates of present-day relative sea-level rise in low-elevation coastal zones: a critical evaluation." Ocean Science 15, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-15-61-2019.
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Abstract. Although tide gauges are the primary source of data used to calculate multi-decadal- to century-scale rates of relative sea-level change, we question the usefulness of tide-gauge data in rapidly subsiding low-elevation coastal zones (LECZs). Tide gauges measure relative sea-level rise (RSLR) with respect to the base of associated benchmarks. Focusing on coastal Louisiana, the largest LECZ in the United States, we find that these benchmarks (n=35) are anchored an average of 21.5 m below the land surface. Because at least 60 % of subsidence occurs in the top 5 m of the sediment column in this area, tide gauges in coastal Louisiana do not capture the primary contributor to RSLR. Similarly, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations (n=10) are anchored an average of > 14.3 m below the land surface and therefore also do not capture shallow subsidence. As a result, tide gauges and GNSS stations in coastal Louisiana, and likely in LECZs worldwide, systematically underestimate rates of RSLR as experienced at the land surface. We present an alternative approach that explicitly measures RSLR in LECZs with respect to the land surface and eliminates the need for tide-gauge data in this context. Shallow subsidence is measured by rod surface-elevation table–marker horizons (RSET-MHs) and added to measurements of deep subsidence from GNSS data, plus sea-level rise from satellite altimetry. We show that for an LECZ the size of coastal Louisiana (25 000–30 000 km2), about 40 RSET-MH instruments suffice to collect useful data. Rates of RSLR obtained from this approach are substantially higher than rates as inferred from tide-gauge data. We therefore conclude that LECZs may be at higher risk of flooding within a shorter time horizon than previously assumed.
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Feng, Ying, Ping Xu, Bosheng Li, Pengpeng Li, Xing Wen, Fengying An, Yan Gong, et al. "Ethylene promotes root hair growth through coordinated EIN3/EIL1 and RHD6/RSL1 activity in Arabidopsis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 52 (December 12, 2017): 13834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711723115.
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Root hairs are an extensive structure of root epidermal cells and are critical for nutrient acquisition, soil anchorage, and environmental interactions in sessile plants. The phytohormone ethylene (ET) promotes root hair growth and also mediates the effects of different signals that stimulate hair cell development. However, the molecular basis of ET-induced root hair growth remains poorly understood. Here, we show that ET-activated transcription factor ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) physically interacts with ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6), a well-documented positive regulator of hair cells, and that the two factors directly coactivate the hair length-determining gene RHD6-LIKE 4 (RSL4) to promote root hair elongation. Transcriptome analysis further revealed the parallel roles of the regulator pairs EIN3/EIL1 (EIN3-LIKE 1) and RHD6/RSL1 (RHD6-LIKE 1). EIN3/EIL1 and RHD6/RSL1 coordinately enhance root hair initiation by selectively regulating a subset of core root hair genes. Thus, our work reveals a key transcriptional complex consisting of EIN3/EIL1 and RHD6/RSL1 in the control of root hair initiation and elongation, and provides a molecular framework for the integration of environmental signals and intrinsic regulators in modulating plant organ development.
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Kamrath, Brock J. W., Michael R. Burchell, Nicole Cormier, Ken W. Krauss, and Darren J. Johnson. "The Potential Resiliency of a Created Tidal Marsh to Sea Level Rise." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13438.
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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the elevation dynamics of a created tidal marsh on the North Carolina coast. Deep rod surface elevation tables (RSET) and feldspar marker horizons (MH) were installed in plots to measure net surface elevation changes and to quantify contributing processes. Twelve total plots were placed on four elevation gradient transects (three transects within the created marsh and one within a reference marsh), with three plots along each transect. Elevation gradient transects included a low marsh plot dominated by , a middle marsh plot dominated by , and a high marsh plot dominated by . RSET and MH were measured in December 2012, January 2014, April 2017, and March 2018. Elevation change ranged from 1.0 to 4.0 mm year-1 within the created marsh and from -0.4 to 2.0 mm year-1 within the reference marsh. When compared to the long-term linear trend in local relative sea level rise (RSLR) of 3.10 ±0.35 mm year-1, the middle marsh plots within the created marsh trended toward survival, with an observed elevation increase of 3.1 ±0.2 mm year-1. Alternatively, the low and high marsh plots within the created marsh trended toward submergence, with observed elevation increases of 2.1 ±0.2 and 1.3 ±0.2 mm year-1, respectively. These results indicate that a created marsh can display elevation dynamics similar to a natural marsh and can be resilient to current rates of RSLR if constructed with a high elevation capital. Surface elevation changes were observed over a short time period and in a relatively young marsh, so it is uncertain if these trends will continue or how the long-term relation with RSLR will develop. While this study provided initial data on the ability of created tidal marshes to respond to observed sea level rise, subsequent observations are needed to evaluate the long-term elevation dynamics. Keywords: Resiliency, Sea level rise, Surface elevation tables, Tidal marsh, Vertical accretion.
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Krebs, Christopher J., Shaema Khan, James W. MacDonald, Meredith Sorenson, and Diane M. Robins. "Regulator of sex-limitation KRAB zinc finger proteins modulate sex-dependent and -independent liver metabolism." Physiological Genomics 38, no. 1 (June 2009): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.90391.2008.
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Krüppel-related zinc finger proteins (KRAB-zfps) comprise the largest mammalian transcription factor family, but their specific functions are largely unknown. Two KRAB-zfps, regulator of sex-limitation ( Rsl) 1 and Rsl2, repress expression of the mouse sex-limited protein ( Slp) gene, the hallmark of Rsl activity, as well as some other male-predominant liver genes. This phenotype suggests Rsl modifies sex-specific transcription. The scope of Rsl control was determined by expression profiling of liver RNA from wild-type (wt), rsl, and transgenic mice with hepatic overexpression of Rsl1 or Rsl2. About 7.5% of the liver transcriptome was Rsl-responsive. More genes in males than females were affected by the loss of Rsl (e.g., in rsl mice), whereas Rsl overexpression altered more transcripts in females than males. Rsl dramatically repressed some female-predominant genes, but most were modestly (1.25- to 2-fold) influenced. In males, most Rsl-responsive genes unexpectedly expressed at lower levels in rsl than wt, suggesting not all are direct targets of Rsl repression. Gene Ontology analysis showed Rsl targets enriched in pathways of cholesterol, steroid, and lipid metabolism, linking Rsl to energy balance. In accord with this, blood glucose levels were less in male rsl than wt mice, and less responsive to fasting and refeeding. rsl mice were also leaner than wt, consistent with their hepatic regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 and stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1. Altogether, Rsl's effect on sexually dimorphic and metabolically sensitive liver gene expression suggests a role for KRAB-zfps as broad genetic modulators of individual adaptation.
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Zhang, Shuyu, Adam Reeves, Robyn L. Woodbury, and W. G. Haldenwang. "Coexpression Patterns of σB Regulators in Bacillus subtilis Affect σB Inducibility." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 24 (December 15, 2005): 8520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.24.8520-8525.2005.
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ABSTRACT RsbT is an essential component of the pathway that activates the Bacillus subtilis σB transcription factor in response to physical stress. rsbT is located within an operon that includes the genes for its principal negative regulator (RsbS) and the stress pathway component that it activates (RsbU), as immediate upstream and downstream neighbors. In the current work we demonstrate that RsbT's ability to function is strongly influenced by coexpression with these adjoining genes. When rsbT is expressed at a site displaced from rsbS and rsbU, RsbT accumulates but it is unable to activate σB following stress. RsbT activity is restored if rsbT is cotranscribed at the alternative site with the genes that normally abut it. Additionally, an rsbS allele whose product allows constitutively high RsbT-dependent σB activity displays this activity in rsbS merodiploid strains only when cotranscribed with rsbT and is recessive to a wild-type rsbS allele only if the wild-type rsbS gene is not cotranscribed with an rsbT gene of its own. The data suggest that RsbS and RsbT are synthesized in equivalent amounts and interact coincidently with their synthesis to form stable regulatory complexes that maintain RsbT in a state from which it can be stress activated.
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Woodbury, Robyn L., Tingqiu Luo, Lindsay Grant, and W. G. Haldenwang. "Mutational Analysis of RsbT, an Activator of the Bacillus subtilis Stress Response Transcription Factor, σB." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 9 (May 1, 2004): 2789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.9.2789-2797.2004.
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ABSTRACT σB, the stress-activated σ factor of Bacillus subtilis, requires the RsbT protein as an essential positive regulator of its physical stress pathway. Stress triggers RsbT to both inactivate the principal negative regulator of the physical stress pathway (RsbS) by phosphorylation and activate a phosphatase (RsbU) required for σB induction. Neither the regions of RsbT that are involved in responding to stress signaling nor those required for downstream events have been established. We used alanine scanning mutagenesis to examine the contributions of RsbT's charged amino acids to the protein's stability and activities. Eleven of eighteen rsbT mutations blocked σB induction by stress. The carboxy terminus of RsbT proved to be particularly important for accumulation in Bacillus subtilis. Four of the five most carboxy-terminal mutations yielded rsbT alleles whose products were undetectable in B. subtilis extracts. Charged amino acids in the central region of RsbT were less critical, with four of the five substitutions in this region having no measurable effect on RsbT accumulation or activity. Only when the substitutions extended into a region of kinase homology was σB induction affected. Six other RsbT variants, although present at levels adequate for activity, failed to activate σB and displayed significant changes in their ability to interact with RsbT's normal binding partners in a yeast dihybrid assay. These changes either dramatically altered the proteins' tertiary structure without affecting their stability or defined regions of RsbT that are involved in multiple interactions.
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Dikici, Ömer, Özlem Solak, Alper Murat Ulaşlı, Selma Eroğlu, Hasan Toktaş, and Ümit Dündar. "Clinical Assessment and Pedobarographic Analysis after Radial Shock Wave Therapy of Ankle Plantar Flexor Spasticity in Stroke." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 20, no. 3 (April 4, 2021): 586–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v20i3.52801.
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Objective: Radial shock wave therapy (RSWT) has increasingly been utilized in the treatment of spasticity recently. The purpose of the current study is to assess the effectiveness of RSWT in the treatment of ankle plantar flexor muscles spasticity of stroke patients by pedobarography and clinical evaluation.
Materials and Methods: A total of 23 stroke patients were enrolled into the study. Patients received an initial sham treatment of RSWT, followed by three separate interventional sessions received one week apart. Treatment success was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), ankle passive range of motion (pROM) measurement and pedobarography.
Results and Discussion: No significant change was observed in clinical and pedobarographic values following sham RSWT. In the intervention group, however, MAS decreased from3.34±0.7 to 2.39±0.89 after a single RSWT session and to 2.04±0.92 first week and to 2.52±0.89 fourth week after three RSWT sessions. As a result of the study, heel peak pressure and total plantar contact area were improved. In particular, three RSWT sessions were more effective than single RSWT session.
Conclusions: We observed a significant improvement in plantar flexor spasticity in stroke patients after both a single and three RSWT sessions and this improvement persisted during the four-week study period.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(3) 2021 p.586-593
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Chen, Chien-Cheng, Michael D. Yudkin, and Olivier Delumeau. "Phosphorylation and RsbX-Dependent Dephosphorylation of RsbR in the RsbR-RsbS Complex of Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 20 (October 15, 2004): 6830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.20.6830-6836.2004.
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ABSTRACT In the pathway that controls σB activity, the RsbR-RsbS complex plays an important role by trapping RsbT, a positive regulator of σB of Bacillus subtilis. We have proposed that at the onset of stress, RsbR becomes phosphorylated, resulting in an enhanced activity of RsbT towards RsbS. RsbT is then free to interact with and activate RsbU, which in turn ultimately activates σB. In this study with purified proteins, we used mutant RsbR proteins to analyze the role of its phosphorylatable threonine residues. The results show that the phosphorylation of either of the two RsbT-phosphorylatable threonine residues (T171 and T205) in RsbR enhanced the kinase activity of RsbT towards RsbS. However, it appeared that RsbT preferentially phosphorylates T171. We also present in vitro evidence that identifies RsbX as a potential phosphatase for RsbR T205.
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Curtis, James A., Zeina N. Seikaly, and Michelle S. Troche. "Respiratory–Swallow Coordination Training Improves Swallowing Safety and Efficiency in a Person With Anoxic Brain Injury." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 1965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00095.
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Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the effects of respiratory–swallow coordination training (RSCT) on respiratory–swallow coordination (RSC), swallowing safety (penetration/aspiration), and swallowing efficiency (pharyngeal residue) in a person with anoxic brain injury. Method A 68-year-old man with anoxic brain injury, tachypnea, and severe dysphagia was recruited to participate in a prospective AABAA single-subject experimental design. RSC, swallowing safety, and swallowing efficiency were measured at each assessment using respiratory inductive plethysmography and flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing. Data were analyzed descriptively using Cohen's d effect size. Outcome measures were compared pre-RSCT to post-RSCT, and pre-RSCT to a 1-month retention assessment. Results Improvements in RSC were observed immediately post-RSCT ( d = 0.60). These improvements were maintained upon retention assessment 1 month later ( d = 0.60). Additionally, improvements in swallowing safety ( d = 1.73), efficiency ( d = 1.73), and overall dysphagia severity ( d = 1.73) were observed immediately post-RSCT and were maintained upon retention assessment 1 month later ( d = 1.73). Conclusions Clinically meaningful improvements in RSC were observed following four sessions of RSCT, which were subsequently associated with large improvements in swallowing safety and efficiency. RSCT may be an efficacious, clinically feasible skill-based exercise for people with anoxic brain injury, suboptimal RSC, and dysphagia. Future work is needed to expand these findings in a larger cohort of people with dysphagia.
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Kurokawa, Hidenori, and Hirohiko Kushida. "Resource sharing linear logic." Journal of Logic and Computation 30, no. 1 (January 2020): 295–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exaa013.
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Abstract In this paper, we introduce a new logic that we call ‘resource sharing linear logic (RSLL)’. In linear logic (LL), formulas without modality express some resource-conscious situation (a formula can be used only once); formulas with modality express a situation with unlimited resources. We introduce the logic RSLL in which we have a strengthened modality (S5-modality) that can be understood as expressing not only unlimited resources but also resources shared by different agents. Observing that merely strengthening the modality allows weakening axiom to be derivable in a Hilbert-style formulation of this logic, we reformulate RSLL as a logic similar to affine logic by a hypersequent calculus that has weakening as a primitive rule. We prove the completeness of the hypersequent calculus with respect to phase semantics and the cut-elimination theorem for the system by a syntactical method. We also prove the decidability of RSLL via a computational interpretation of RSLL, which is a parallel version of Kopylov’s computational model for LL. We then introduce an explicit counterpart of RSLL in the style of Artemov’s justication logic (JRSLL). We prove a realization theorem for RSLL via its explicit counterpart.
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Marinelli, L., L. Mori, C. Solaro, A. Uccelli, E. Pelosin, A. Currà, L. Molfetta, G. Abbruzzese, and C. Trompetto. "Effect of radial shock wave therapy on pain and muscle hypertonia: a double-blind study in patients with multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 21, no. 5 (September 25, 2014): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458514549566.
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Background: Radial shock wave therapy (RSWT) has been extensively used in rehabilitative medicine to treat pain, and more recently muscle hypertonia, in patients with cerebral palsy and stroke. Objectives: To assess the long-term effects of RSWT in a cohort of subjects affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) who were suffering from painful hypertonia of ankle extensor muscles. Methods: In this randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled study, we treated 34 patients with four sessions of RSWT (once weekly) and treated 34 patients with placebo. Participants were assessed at baseline, 1 week after the first session, and 1 week and 4 weeks after the last session. We measured pain using the visual analogue scale for pain, while we assessed muscle tone using the modified Ashworth scale and evaluated spinal excitability using the H-reflex. Results: After RSWT, muscle tone decreased 1 week after the last session and pain decreased at all the follow-up evaluations, while spinal excitability was unaffected. No significant changes were found after the placebo treatment. Conclusions: RSWT can reduce pain and muscle tone in MS patients without adverse effects. The lack of RSWT effects on spinal excitability supports the idea that RSWT is likely to act on non-reflex hypertonia, for example reducing muscle fibrosis.
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Lee, Posen, Ping-Chia Li, Chin-Hsuan Liu, Hung-Yu Lin, Chien-Yu Huang, and Ching-Lin Hsieh. "Practice Effects, Test–Retest Reliability, and Minimal Detectable Change of the Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test in Patients with Schizophrenia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 9440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189440.
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Background: The Ruff 2 and 7 Selective Attention Test (RSAT) is designed to measure selective attention. It tests automatic detection speed (ADS), automatic detection errors (ADE), automatic detection accuracy (ADA), controlled search speed (CSS), controlled search errors (CSE), and controlled search accuracy (CSA). The purpose of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability, practice effect, and minimum detectable change (MDC) of the RSAT in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 101 patients with schizophrenia completed the RSAT twice at a 4-week interval. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t test, and effect size were used to examine the test–retest reliability and practice effect. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and MDC were calculated. Results: The difference scores between the two assessments were significant in all the indexes. The absolute effect sizes were 0.14 to 0.30. The ICCs of the RSAT ranged from 0.69 to 0.91. The MDC% in the indexes of ADS, ADA, and CSA of the RSAT were <30%. Conclusions: The RSAT is reliable for assessing selective attention in patients with schizophrenia. The RSAT has good to excellent test–retest reliability, a trivial to small practice effect, and indexes of ADS, ADA, and CSA, representing acceptable random measurement error.
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Saintilan, N., N. S. Khan, E. Ashe, J. J. Kelleway, K. Rogers, C. D. Woodroffe, and B. P. Horton. "Thresholds of mangrove survival under rapid sea level rise." Science 368, no. 6495 (June 4, 2020): 1118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba2656.
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The response of mangroves to high rates of relative sea level rise (RSLR) is poorly understood. We explore the limits of mangrove vertical accretion to sustained periods of RSLR in the final stages of deglaciation. The timing of initiation and rate of mangrove vertical accretion were compared with independently modeled rates of RSLR for 78 locations. Mangrove forests expanded between 9800 and 7500 years ago, vertically accreting thick sequences of organic sediments at a rate principally driven by the rate of RSLR, representing an important carbon sink. We found it very likely (>90% probability) that mangroves were unable to initiate sustained accretion when RSLR rates exceeded 6.1 millimeters per year. This threshold is likely to be surpassed on tropical coastlines within 30 years under high-emissions scenarios.
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Shin, Jeonghwan, Uk Jang, Sang Oon Baek, and Jun Yong Lee. "Full-Thickness Skin Graft according to Surrounding Relaxed Skin Tension Line Improves Scar Quality in Facial Defect Coverage: A Retrospective Comparative Study." BioMed Research International 2021 (September 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7398090.
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A full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) is useful for covering small skin and soft tissue defects. In this paper, we suggest FTSG in consideration of the relaxed skin tension line (RSTL) concept for scar quality improvement since FTSG has disadvantages, including contour irregularities and mismatches of color and texture. We conducted a retrospective chart review of twenty-one patients with skin cancer on the face who underwent wide excision and FTSG by a single surgeon from October 2013 to July 2019. Twenty-one patients with skin cancer on the face were divided into RSTL-matched and RSTL-unmatched groups, and FTSG was performed. Each group was subjected to scar assessment three months after surgery. Observer assessment was performed by five independent observers using the observer component of the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) and Vancouver scar scale (VSS). Our results indicate that there were significant differences between the RSTL-matched and RSTL-unmatched groups in the VSS and POSAS components. In addition, the RSTL-matched group showed a natural appearance with surrounding tissue in the dynamic animation phase compared to the unmatched group. RSTL-matched FTSG can be an attractive option for face skin and soft tissue defect coverage. (An earlier version of this paper has been presented at the International Conference on PRS Korea 2020.)
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Noman, Omar M., Fahd A. Nasr, Ali S. Alqahtani, Mohammed Al-zharani, Mary Anne W. Cordero, Amal A. Alotaibi, Asmatanzeem Bepari, Saud Alarifi, and Ali Daoud. "Comparative study of antioxidant and anticancer activities and HPTLC quantification of rutin in white radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and root extracts grown in Saudi Arabia." Open Chemistry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0042.
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Abstract The nutrient contents of Raphanus sativus L. (white radish) leaves (RSLs) and roots are known to have promising vital effects. We comparatively investigated the leaves and roots of R. sativus grown in Saudi Arabia to estimate the total phenol and flavonoid contents using the standard colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity of RSLs and R. sativus roots (RSRs) were measured by 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Both extracts’ cytotoxic activity was assessed by MTT assay against several human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7). High-performance thin-layer chromatography was used to identify and quantify the biomarker compound rutin in both extracts. The total phenolic content in RSLs (125.3 mg of gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g) was higher than that in roots (95.8 of GAE/g), whereas the flavonoid content (44.5 mg of quercetin equivalent [QE]/g) was almost double compared in RSR extract (24.4 of QE/g). Similarly, RSLs exhibited a higher antioxidative activity than RSRs in both DPPH (IC50 216.8 vs 359.7 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 326.7 vs 549 µg/mL) models. RSLs also demonstrated the highest antiproliferative efficiency against all cell lines, with IC50 values of 217–453 µg/mL. The reversed-phase-high-performance thin-layer chromatography results showed the presence of rutin (5.2 µg/mg) only in RSLs. Our study indicates RSLs as a promising source of bioactive compounds compared with roots.
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Li, Juan, Otor Al-Khalili, Semra Ramosevac, Douglas C. Eaton, and Donald D. Denson. "Protein-protein interaction between cPLA2 and splice variants of α-subunit of BK channels." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 298, no. 2 (February 2010): C251—C262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00221.2009.
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Altering the splice variant composition of large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BK) channels can alter their activity and apparent sensitivity to Ca2+ and other regulators of activity. We hypothesized that differences in the responsiveness to arachidonic acid of GH3 and GH4 cells was due to a difference in two splice variants, one present in GH3 cells and the other in GH4 cells. The sequences of the two splice variants differ from one another in several ways, but the largest difference is the presence or absence of 27 amino acids in the COOH terminus of the BK α-subunit. Open probability of the variant containing the 27 amino acids is significantly increased by arachidonic acid, while the variant lacking the 27 amino acids is insensitive to arachidonic acid. In addition, sensitivity of BK channels to arachidonic acid depends on cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). Here we used the Mammalian Matchmaker two-hybrid assay and two BK α-subunit constructs with [rSlo(27)] and without [rSlo(0)] the 27-amino acid motif to determine whether cPLA2 associates with one construct [rSlo(27)] and not the other. We hypothesized that differential association of cPLA2 might explain the differing responsiveness of the two constructs and GH3 and GH4 cells to arachidonic acid. We found that cPLA2 is strongly associated with the COOH terminus of rSlo(27) and only very weakly associated with rSlo(0). We also found that arachidonic acid has a lower affinity for rSlo(0) than for rSlo(27). We conclude that the lack of response of BK channels in GH4 cells to arachidonic acid can be explained, in part, by the poor binding of cPLA2 to the COOH terminus of the rSlo(0) α-subunit, which is very similar to the splice variant found in the arachidonic acid-insensitive GH4 cells.
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Wang, Binglin, Xiaojun Duan, Liang Yan, Juan Deng, and Jiangtao Chen. "Rapidly Tuning the PID Controller Based on the Regional Surrogate Model Technique in the UAV Formation." Entropy 22, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22050527.
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The leader–follower structure is widely used in unmanned aerial vehicle formation. This paper adopts the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and the linear quadratic regulator controllers to construct the leader–follower formation. Tuning the PID controllers is generally empirical; hence, various surrogate models have been introduced to identify more refined parameters with relatively lower cost. However, the construction of surrogate models faces the problem that the singular points may affect the accuracy, such that the global surrogate models may be invalid. Thus, to tune controllers quickly and accurately, the regional surrogate model technique (RSMT), based on analyzing the regional information entropy, is proposed. The proposed RSMT cooperates only with the successful samples to mitigate the effect of singular points along with a classifier screening failed samples. Implementing the RSMT with various kinds of surrogate models, this study evaluates the Pareto fronts of the original simulation model and the RSMT to compare their effectiveness. The results show that the RSMT can accurately reconstruct the simulation model. Compared with the global surrogate models, the RSMT reduces the run time of tuning PID controllers by one order of magnitude, and it improves the accuracy of surrogate models by dozens of orders of magnitude.
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Schieder, Nathalie W., and Matthew L. Kirwan. "Sea-level driven acceleration in coastal forest retreat." Geology 47, no. 12 (October 2, 2019): 1151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46607.1.
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Abstract Ghost forests, consisting of dead trees adjacent to marshes, are a striking feature of low-lying coastal and estuarine landscapes, and they represent the migration of coastal ecosystems with relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Although ghost forests have been observed along many coastal margins, rates of ecosystem change and their dependence on RSLR remain poorly constrained. Here, we reconstructed forest retreat rates using sediment coring and historical imagery at five sites along the Mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, a hotspot for accelerated RSLR. We found that the elevation of the marsh-forest boundary generally increased with RSLR over the past 2000 yr, and that retreat accelerated concurrently with the late 19th century acceleration in global sea level. Lateral retreat rates increased through time for most sampling intervals over the past 150 yr, and modern lateral retreat rates are 2 to 14 times faster than pre-industrial rates at all sites. Substantial deviations between RSLR and forest response are consistent with previous observations that episodic disturbance facilitates the mortality of adult trees. Nevertheless, our work suggests that RSLR is the primary determinant of coastal forest extent, and that ghost forests represent a direct and prominent visual indicator of climate change.
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Agustiawan, Ramandhani, Robby Tjandra Kartadinata, Siti Hanan Darodjah, Noviolita Dwi Kusumawati, and Hindun Zuhdiana. "Pengaruh penambahan Radial Shock Wave Therapy terhadap ketangkasan tangan (Studi pada penderita stroke kronik yang mendapatkan terapi infrared dan latihan peregangan)." Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v7i1.430.
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Latar Belakang : Kelemahan anggota gerak akibat stroke terjadi pada 70% populasi. Teknik yang sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan ketangkasan tangan dengan pemanasan dan latihan peregangan. Radial Shock Wave Therapy (RSWT) merupakan teknologi baru yang menggunakan sumber balistik untuk menghasilkan gelombang tekanan yang dapat mengurangi spastisitas yang mempengaruhi ketangkasan tangan.
Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh penambahan RSWT terhadap ketangkasan tangan pada penderita stroke kronik yang mendapatkan terapi infrared dan latihan peregangan.
Metode : Simple randomized control trial pre-post test design. Tiga puluh pasien stroke kronik dirandomisasi, lima belas orang dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok yang mendapatkan penambahan RSWT, terapi infrared dan latihan peregangan dan lima belas orang masuk kelompok kontrol diberikan terapi infrared dan latihan peregangan. Ketangkasan tangan diukur dengan nilai nine hole peg test (NHPT) pada sebelum dan 6 minggu setelah perlakuan. Analisis data dengan uji Wilcoxon, nilai p<0,05 merupakan nilai signifikan.
Hasil : Tiga puluh pasien menyelesaikan penelitian dan tidak ada yang mengeluhkan efek samping. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata delta nilai NHPT pada kedua kelompok (p=0,307), namun rerata delta penurunan pada kelompok perlakuan cenderung lebih besar dibanding kelompok kontrol.
Simpulan : Penambahan RSWT tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketangkasan tangan.
Kata kunci : RSWT; stroke kronik; ketangkasan tangan.
Background : Limb weakness besause of stroke was happend 70% of the population. The technique that is often used to improve hand dexterity are with thermal therapy and stretching exercises. Radial Shock Wave Therapy (RSWT) is a new technology that uses ballistic sources to produce pressure waves that can reduce spasticity that affect hand dexterity.
Purpose : Analyze the effect of adding RSWT to hand dexterity in chronic stroke sufferers who received infrared therapy and stretching exercises.
Methods : simple randomized control trial pre-post test design who thirty chronic stroke patients were randomized, fifteen patients into a group that received additional RSWT, infrared therapy and stretching exercises and fifteen patients into control group. Hand dexterity is measured by the mean of the nine hole peg test before and 6 weeks after the intervention.
Results : Thirty patients completed the study without any significant side effects. There was no significant difference in the mean nine-hole peg test in the two groups (p = 0.307), but the mean decrease in the treatment group greater than the control group.
Conclusion : the additional RSWT was not proven to affect hand dexterity.
Keywords : RSWT; chronic stroke; hand dexterity.
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Schwarzer, Philipp, Olga Tsypik, Chijian Zuo, Ahmad Alali, Julia Wunsch-Palasis, Tanja Heitzler, Jana Derochefort, et al. "Early Steps in the Biosynthetic Pathway of Rishirilide B." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081955.
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The biological active compound rishirilide B is produced by Streptomyces bottropensis. The cosmid cos4 contains the complete rishirilide B biosynthesis gene cluster. Its heterologous expression in the host Streptomyces albus J1074 led to the production of rishirilide B as a major compound and to small amounts of rishirilide A, rishirilide D and lupinacidin A. In order to gain more insights into the biosynthesis, gene inactivation experiments and gene expression experiments were carried out. This study lays the focus on the functional elucidation of the genes involved in the early biosynthetic pathway. A total of eight genes were deleted and six gene cassettes were generated. Rishirilide production was not strongly affected by mutations in rslO2, rslO6 and rslH. The deletion of rslK4 and rslO3 led to the formation of polyketides with novel structures. These results indicated that RslK4 and RslO3 are involved in the generation or selection of the starter unit for rishirilide biosynthesis. In the rslO10 mutant strain, two novel compounds were detected, which were also produced by a strain containing solely the genes rslK1, rslK2, rslK3, rslK4, and rslA. rslO1 and rslO4 mutants predominately produce galvaquinones. Therefore, the ketoreductase RslO10 is involved in an early step of rishirilide biosynthesis and the oxygenases RslO1 and RslO4 are most probably acting on an anthracene moiety. This study led to the functional elucidation of several genes of the rishirilide pathway, including rslK4, which is involved in selecting the unusual starter unit for polyketide synthesis.
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Guo, Zhaoxia, Weiwei Le, Youkai Wu, and Wei Wang. "A Multi-Step Approach Framework for Freight Forecasting of River-Sea Direct Transport without Direct Historical Data." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 6, 2019): 4252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154252.
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The freight forecasting of river-sea direct transport (RSDT) is crucial for the policy making of river-sea transportation facilities and the decision-making of relevant port and shipping companies. This paper develops a multi-step approach framework for freight volume forecasting of RSDT in the case that direct historical data are not available. First, we collect publicly available shipping data, including ship traffic flow, speed limit of each navigation channel, free-flow running time, channel length, channel capacity, etc. The origin–destination (O–D) matrix estimation method is then used to obtain the matrix of historical freight volumes among all O–D pairs based on these data. Next, the future total freight volumes among these O–D pairs are forecasted by using the gray prediction model, and the sharing rate of RSDT is estimated by using the logit model. The freight volume of RSDT is thus determined. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by forecasting the RSDT freight volume on a shipping route of China.
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Iijima, H., H. Hotta, and S. Imada. "Semiconservative reduced speed of sound technique for low Mach number flows with large density variations." Astronomy & Astrophysics 622 (February 2019): A157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834031.
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Context. The reduced speed of sound technique (RSST) has been used for efficient simulation of low Mach number flows in solar and stellar convection zones. The basic RSST equations are hyperbolic and are suitable for parallel computation by domain decomposition. The application of RSST is limited to cases in which density perturbations are much smaller than the background density. In addition, nonconservative variables are required to be evolved using this method, which is not suitable in cases where discontinuities such as shock waves coexist in a single numerical domain. Aims. In this study, we suggest a new semiconservative formulation of the RSST that can be applied to low Mach number flows with large density variations. Methods. We derive the wave speed of the original and newly suggested methods to clarify that these methods can reduce the speed of sound without affecting the entropy wave. The equations are implemented using the finite volume method. Several numerical tests are carried out to verify the suggested methods. Results. The analysis and numerical results show that the original RSST is not applicable when mass density variations are large. In contrast, the newly suggested methods are found to be efficient in such cases. We also suggest variants of the RSST that conserve momentum in the machine precision. The newly suggested variants are formulated as semiconservative equations, which reduce to the conservative form of the Euler equations when the speed of sound is not reduced. This property is advantageous when both high and low Mach number regions are included in the numerical domain. Conclusions. The newly suggested forms of RSST can be applied to a wider range of low Mach number flows.
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Ha-Sung Kong, Seo Young Kim,. "Determination of Appropriate area University Labotatories In Consideration of Extinction Coefficient." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 5 (April 11, 2021): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.959.
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This study calculated the appropriate area of university laboratories which shall allow 40 students to evacuate in the shortest time frame when they evacuate at the walking speed per extinction coefficient of smoke to be created upon outbreak of fire.In the case where the floor area was 600㎡, the required safe egress time (RSET) for the total 40 students was 48.3 seconds when extinction coefficient was 0.3m⁻¹, 52.6 sec when extinction coefficient was 0.5m⁻¹, and 54.3 sec when extinction coefficient was 1.0m⁻¹. In the case where the floor area was reduced to 300㎡, half of the first case, the RSET for the total 40 students was 50.0 sec when extinction coefficient was 0.3m⁻¹, 56.4 sec when extinction coefficient was 0.5m⁻¹, and 54.1 sec when extinction coefficient was 1.0m⁻¹, showing the result that RSET of all the students was rather elongated when extinction coefficient was 0.3m⁻¹ and 0.5m⁻¹ respectively due to bottleneck caused by increase in population density even though the exit distance was shortened. In the case where the floor area was increased to 1200㎡, twice of the first case, RSET of all the levels of extinction coefficient was elongated due to increase in exit distance. As result of the experiments with different size of floor areas, the shortest RSET of all the students was found with 540㎡ of floor area. In conclusion, it was found that the RSET for all the people in the lab shall be shortest when the floor area was appropriate.
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McAndrews, Carolyn, Kenta Okuyama, and Jill S. Litt. "The Reach of Bicycling in Rural, Small, and Low-Density Places." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2662, no. 1 (January 2017): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2662-15.
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Lessons derived from the urban experience of bicycling may not be broadly supportive of bicycling in rural, small, and low-density (RSLD) places because of differences in built environment, social, and political contexts. In this study, the hypothesis that bicycling was primarily an urban activity was investigated. Binary logistic regression was used to compare the frequency of bicycling and the population characteristics of bicyclists across urban and RSLD places. Multiple operational definitions of urban–rural continua were used to examine whether the results were sensitive to how RSLD places were defined. The data for bicycling were from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey, which was designed to represent the population of the United States. Bicycling was found to be primarily, but not exclusively, an urban activity. Moreover, women and youths were more likely to bicycle in RSLD places compared with urban places. These findings suggest that an urban perspective on bicycling could limit the success of initiatives aiming to increase the diversity of populations that bicycle. Developing a base of empirical knowledge of bicycling in RSLD places is a necessary step toward developing more inclusive and effective multimodal transportation strategies.
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Cosler, L. E., N. M. Kuderer, J. Hornberger, and G. H. Lyman. "21-gene RT-PCR assay in lymph node negative (LN-), estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer: An economic analysis including prognostic and predictive information." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 6024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6024.
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6024 Background: The prognostic accuracy of a 21-gene RT-PCR assay has undergone validation in 668 evaluable LN-, ER+ early stage breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen on NSABP B-14 (Paik, NEJM 2004) and its economic evaluation (Hornberger, Am J Man Care 2005). Assay predictive accuracy for response to chemotherapy or tamoxifen has also undergone recent validation in 651 patients on NSABP B-20 and 645 patients on NSABP B-14 (Paik, SABCS 2004). Methods: Based on the model recurrence score (RS), women with LN−, ER+ breast cancer with and without adjuvant chemotherapy (C) or tamoxifen (T) were classified as high (RS ≥31), intermediate (RS 18–30) or low (RS <18) risk of distant recurrence at 10 years. Incremental costs ($), life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs) and cost-effectiveness (C/E; cost per LY gained) were estimated for: RS-guided treatment (RSGT) with T for low and intermediate risk patients and C+T for high-risk patients, compared to either T alone or C+T for all patients. Results: Under base case assumptions, no significant difference in life expectancy at 10 years is estimated between the RSGT and C+T strategies whereas RSGT is associated with a gain in individual life expectancy of 2.7 LYs compared to T alone. RSGT is estimated to yield a net cost savings of $4,502 compared to C+T with an incremental C/E of $1,059 per LY saved compared to T alone. At a utility of 90% associated with adjuvant chemotherapy, RSGT is associated with a gain in individual QALYs of 1.82 compared to T alone at a cost utility of $1,573/QALY and a gain in 3.21 QALYs compared to C+T. RSGT is associated with lower expected cost than C+T for total chemotherapy costs above $3,998. The gain in LYs with RSGT compared to T alone increases with healthy age-specific life expectancy (years) while the cost per LY gained decreases. Conclusions: Treatment based on the RSGT compared to T alone is associated with acceptable C/E ratios and substantially lower toxicity and cost compared to C+T. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Mondrzak, Rafael, Camila Reinert, Andreia Sandri, Lucas Spanemberg, Eduardo L. Nogueira, Mirella Bertoluci, Claudio Laks Eizirik, and Nina Rosa Furtado. "Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Rating Scale for Countertransference (RSCT) to American English." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 38, no. 4 (December 2016): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0078.
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Abstract Introduction: The Rating Scale for Countertransference (RSCT) - originally, Escala para Avaliação de Contratransferência (EACT) - is a self-administered instrument comprising questions that assess 23 feelings (divided into three blocs, closeness, distance, and indifference) that access conscious countertransferential emotions and sentiments. This paper describes the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the RSCT into American English. Methods: This study employed the guidelines proposed by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation which define 10 steps for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of self-report instruments. Additionally, semantic equivalence tools were employed to select the final versions of terms used. The author of the RSCT gave permission for translation and took part in the process. The instrument is available for use free of charge. Results: Analysis of the back-translation showed that just seven of the 23 terms needed to be adjusted to arrive at the final version in American English. Conclusions: This study applied rigorous standards to construct a version of the RSCT in American English. This version of the RSCT translated and adapted into American English should be of great use for accessing and researching countertransferential feelings that are part of psychodynamic treatment.
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Wei, Yanlin, Xiaofeng Li, Xin Pan, and Lei Li. "Nondestructive Classification of Soybean Seed Varieties by Hyperspectral Imaging and Ensemble Machine Learning Algorithms." Sensors 20, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 6980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236980.
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During the processing and planting of soybeans, it is greatly significant that a reliable, rapid, and accurate technique is used to detect soybean varieties. Traditional chemical analysis methods of soybean variety sampling (e.g., mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography) are destructive and time-consuming. In this paper, a robust and accurate method for nondestructive soybean classification is developed through hyperspectral imaging and ensemble machine learning algorithms. Image acquisition, preprocessing, and feature selection are used to obtain different types of soybean hyperspectral features. Based on these features, one of ensemble classifiers-random subspace linear discriminant (RSLD) algorithm is used to classify soybean seeds. Compared with the linear discrimination (LD) and linear support vector machine (LSVM) methods, the results show that the RSLD algorithm in this paper is more stable and reliable. In classifying soybeans in 10, 15, 20, and 25 categories, the RSLD method achieves the highest classification accuracy. When 155 features are used to classify 15 types of soybeans, the classification accuracy of the RSLD method reaches 99.2%, while the classification accuracies of the LD and LSVM methods are only 98.6% and 69.7%, respectively. Therefore, the ensemble classification algorithm RSLD can maintain high classification accuracy when different types and different classification features are used.
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Lim, Hyun-Ho, and Chul-Seung Park. "Identification and Functional Characterization of Ankyrin-Repeat Family Protein ANKRA as a Protein Interacting with BKCa Channel." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 3 (March 2005): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-06-0537.
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Ankyrin-repeat family A protein (ANKRA) was originally cloned in mouse as an interacting protein to megalin, a member of low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily. Here, we report that the isolation of rat ANKRA as a new binding partner for the α-subunit of rat large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (rSlo). We mapped the binding region of each protein by using yeast two-hybrid and in vitro binding assays. ANKRA expressed together with rSlo channels were colocalized near the plasma membrane and coimmunoprecipitated in transfected cells. We also showed that BKCa channel in rat cerebral cortex coprecipitated with rANKRA and colocalized in cultured rat hippocampal neuron. Although the coexpression of ANKRA did not affect the surface expression of rSlo, the gating kinetics of rSlo channel was significantly altered and the effects were highly dependent on the intracellular calcium. These results indicate that ANKRA could modulate the excitability of neurons by binding directly to endogenous BKCa channel and altering its gating kinetics in a calcium-dependent manner.
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Azzaky, Azzaky, and Amrizal Arief. "Overview of Motivation for Elderly Services for Control and Satisfaction in Polyclinic RSST Klaten." Jurnal Endurance 4, no. 3 (October 27, 2019): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jen.v4i3.4589.
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<em>Background: Elderly during the examination were hoping to get good health care. Elderly will be motivated to check when he is satisfied with the services provided by health workers in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to Study the picture of the elderly to check the level of motivation and satisfaction in the service of RSST Klaten Policlinic. The design used in this study is Despriptif. The population is all the elderly who checked up in RSST Klaten. Samples are 96 respondents and taken with consecutive sampling technique. The variable in this study was to examine elderly motivation and service satisfaction. Data were collected with a structured interview, then processed based on the frequency distribution. Methods: The design of this study is descriptive. This study was conducted On September 1 - 30, 2019. Variable in this research is Elderly Motivation For Control and Service Satisfaction. In this research The population is all elderly ones Control at RSST Klaten Polyclinic Based on data from Medical Record Hospital SOERADJI TIRTONEGORO during the month August 2019 number of elderly patients who Control at RSST Klaten Polyclinic As many as 598 patients. Result The results of the study of 96 The respondent got none Respondents who have a level Less motivation, motivation level Quite as much as 2 respondents (2%) And high level of motivation as much 94 respondents (98%). Conclusions : Level of elderly motivation for Control at Polyclinic RSST Klaten majority is high As many as 94 respondents (98%). This matter Caused by age, type Sex and education of respondents and Satisfaction of the ministry Received patients at Polyclinic RSST Klaten.</em>
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Zhang, Dan, Tao Chen, Haoming Tian, Yuanmei Li, Dan Mo, Tingting Zhang, Wen Wang, et al. "EXPLORATION OF THE SEATED SALINE SUPPRESSION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM IN THE CHINESE POPULATION." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 8 (August 2020): 891–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2020-0064.
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Objective: We prospectively investigated the accuracy of the seated saline suppression test (SSST) in 113 patients with hypertension (including 93 primary aldosteronism [PA] and 20 essential hypertension patients) in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Methods: Each patient underwent a recumbent saline suppression test (RSST) and SSST. The accuracy of the SSST for a confirmative PA diagnosis and subtype classification was evaluated and compared with the RSST. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) for the SSST was significantly greater than that for the RSST (0.945 ± 0.0199 vs. 0.828 ± 0.0404; P<.05). The ROC analysis showed that the optimal PAC cut-off values were 12.94 ng/dL for the SSST (sensitivity 86.02%, specificity 95%; Youden index [YI] 0.810) and 12.04 ng/dL for the RSST (sensitivity 83.15%, specificity 57%; YI 0.401). The optimal PAC cut-off value for classifying aldosterone-producing adenoma and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism was 18.12 ng/dL for the SSST (sensitivity 73.5%, specificity 79.5%). No patients experienced adverse events during the SSST. Conclusion: The SSST is safe and convenient for PA diagnosis. The accuracy of the SSST for a confirmatory diagnosis of PA was better than that of the RSST. The SSST is a reliable alternative for PA confirmation in Chinese individuals. Abbreviations: APA = aldosterone-producing adenoma; ARR = aldosterone to renin ratio; AVS = adrenal vein sampling; CT = computed tomography; EH = essential hypertension; IHA = idiopathic hyperaldosteronism; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; PA = primary aldosteronism; PAC = plasma aldosterone concentration; PRA = plasma renin activity; ROC = receiver operating characteristic; RSST = recumbent saline suppression test; SSST = seated saline suppression test; YI = Youden index
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Kakizawa, Nao, Koichi Suzuki, Sawako Tamaki, Hideki Ishikawa, Kosuke Ichida, Kazushige Futsuhara, Toshiki Rikiyama, and Fumiaki Watanabe. "Satellite alpha transcript levels to predict risk of bilateral breast cancer and multiple primary cancer in patients with breast cancer who lack BRCA-related clinical features." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e12575-e12575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12575.
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e12575 Background: Patients with breast cancer who undergo surgery have a risk of developing multiple cancers in the contralateral breast and other organs. We have reported that the overexpression of satellite alpha transcripts (SAT) facilitates chromosomal instability, which is involved in the development of multiple tumors in patients with colorectal and gastric cancer. Methods: In this study, we elucidated the significance of SAT in the development of multiple tumors in patients with breast cancer. Relative expression SAT (rSAT) level was calculated in normal and tumor tissues from 167 patients. Twenty-seven patients developed bilateral breast cancer (BBC) and 27 patients showed multiple primary cancer (MPC). We detected that 71 patients had factors associated with inherited breast cancer; age under 50yo, harboring family history of breast cancer, pathological diagnosis of TNBC, and history of ovarian cancer and we determined these factors as BRCA-related clinical factors. Results: We excluded 71 patients with BRCA-related clinical features, rSAT levels were higher in patients with BBC and MPC than in patients with SBC in tumor tissues ( P = 0.0121) and normal tissues ( P = 0.00586). A univariate analysis indicated significant predictors including rSAT > 1.5 in tumor tissues, rSAT > 2.4 in normal tissues. In a multivariate analysis, rSAT > 2.4 in normal tissues was a significant predictor of BBC (HR, 22.7; P = 0.00120) and MPC (HR, 11.1; P = 0.00885). Conclusions: Our data indicated that patients with breast cancer with high rSAT levels in their breast tissues have a 10- to 20-fold increased risk for the development of multiple cancers when they harbored no BRCA-related clinical features. These patients had been excluded from the high-risk group for BBC, however, our results shed light on these patients and we detected another risk factor which could predict multiple cancers.
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DeJarnette, Patrick, David Dillenberger, Daniel Gottlieb, and Pietro Ortoleva. "Time Lotteries and Stochastic Impatience." Econometrica 88, no. 2 (2020): 619–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta16427.
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We study preferences over lotteries in which both the prize and the payment date are uncertain. In particular, a time lottery is one in which the prize is fixed but the date is random. With Expected Discounted Utility, individuals must be risk seeking over time lotteries (RSTL). In an incentivized experiment, however, we find that almost all subjects violate this property. Our main contributions are theoretical. We first show that within a very broad class of models, which includes many forms of nonexpected utility and time discounting, it is impossible to accommodate even a single violation of RSTL without also violating a property we termed Stochastic Impatience, a risky counterpart of standard Impatience. We then present two positive results. If one wishes to maintain Stochastic Impatience, violations of RSTL can be accommodated by keeping Independence within periods while relaxing it across periods. If, instead, one is willing to forego Stochastic Impatience, violations of RSTL can be accommodated with a simple generalization of Expected Discounted Utility, obtained by imposing only the behavioral postulates of Discounted Utility and Expected Utility.
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Dainese, Elisa, Sébastien Rodrigue, Giovanni Delogu, Roberta Provvedi, Liette Laflamme, Ryszard Brzezinski, Giovanni Fadda, et al. "Posttranslational Regulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Extracytoplasmic-Function Sigma Factor σL and Roles in Virulence and in Global Regulation of Gene Expression." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 4 (April 2006): 2457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.4.2457-2461.2006.
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ABSTRACT In this report, we demonstrate that SigL is posttranslationally regulated by a specific anti-sigma factor, RslA, and contributes to the expression of at least 28 genes. Several of these genes could mediate important cell envelope-related processes. Importantly, a sigL-rslA mutant strain was significantly attenuated in a mouse model of infection.
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Orford, Julian D., Joanne Murdy, and Robert Freel. "Developing constraints on the relative sea-level curve for the northeast of Ireland from the mid-Holocene to the present day." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1841 (February 21, 2006): 857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1741.
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Tide-gauge records from the north of Ireland have been digitized to generate annual estimates of both mean-sea-level (MSL) position from Malin Head (1958–1998), and mean tidal level (MTL) from Belfast Harbour (1918–2002). Both sites exhibit substantial annual variation, but show overall long-term shallow rates of falling relative sea-level change (RSLC) that are very similar at −0.2 mm a −1 (±0.37 mm a −1 ) for Belfast and −0.16 mm a −1 (±0.17 mm a −1 ) for Malin. Using these rates as constraints, plus other constraints of inferred RSLC rates from the mid-Holocene, an approximation of the likely profile of RSLC rates for the northeast of Ireland since 6 ka ago is presented.
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Andreßen, Panja, and Udo Konradt. "Messung von Selbstführung: Psychometrische Überprüfung der deutschsprachigen Version des Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire." Zeitschrift für Personalpsychologie 6, no. 3 (July 2007): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1617-6391.6.3.117.
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Zusammenfassung. Eine deutschsprachige Kurzfassung des Revised Self-Leadership Questionnaire von Houghton und Neck (2002) wird im Hinblick auf Skaleneigenschaften, Reliabilität (Interne Konsistenz) und Validität (Konstruktvalidität und Kriteriumsvalidität) in drei Studien mit insgesamt N = 850 Personen untersucht. In der deutschen Version (RSLQ-D) werden mit jeweils drei Items neun Faktoren erster Ordnung erfasst, die drei Faktoren zweiter Ordnung (Verhaltensorientierte Strategien, Natürliche Belohnungsstrategien und Kognitive Gedankenmusterstrategien) bilden. Nach Modifikation der Skala wies der RSLQ-D eine gute psychometrische Qualität auf. Die angenommene neunfaktorielle Struktur konnte repliziert werden. Hinweise auf die Kriteriumsvalidität ergaben sich aus der Vorhersage der Schulnoten, die in zwei Teilstichproben den erwarteten Zusammenhang mit den Selbstführungsstrategien aufzeigten. Auf der Basis der Befunde stellt der RSLQ-D ein reliables, konstruktvalides und ökonomisches Verfahren zur Messung der Selbstführung dar.
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Ruschel, Regina Coeli, Letícia de Oliveira Neves, Sidney Piochi Bernardini, and Daniel de Carvalho Moreira. "Revisões Sistemáticas da Literatura: Parte II." PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/parc.v8i4.8652036.
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O presente número completa o Volume 8 de 2017 da PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção com a segunda parte dos artigos submetidos e aprovados na chamada específica para artigos de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL). Neste número da PARC, as RSLs são realizadas por pesquisadores dos estados brasileiros do Espirito Santo, Goiás, São Paulo e Paraná. As instituições de origem dos autores abrangem a Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Universidade de São Paulo e a Universidade Federal do Paraná. As áreas de formação envolvidas concentram-se em Arquitetura e Urbanismo interagindo com a Engenharia Civil e a Engenharia Ambiental. O delineamento e apresentação das RSLs desenvolvidas foram baseados em Moher et al. (2015), Gough, Thomas e Oliver (2012), Dresch, Lacerda e Antunes Jr. (2015), Glass (1976) e Wohlin (2014). Estes dois números temáticos da PARC, sobre RSLs, buscam fomentar na área de Arquitetura e Construção uma prática já estabelecida nas áreas de Saúde e da Ciência da Computação. Assim, apresenta-se uma base metodológica e exemplos de RSLs que mapeiam, avaliam criticamente, consolidam e agregam resultados de estudos primários identificando ênfases, tendências e lacunas de pesquisa.
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Krecic, Matthew R. "Antibodies produced by dogs successfully challenged with live Leptospira spp. did not cross-react to Brucella antigen in a commercial rapid slide agglutination test that detects antibodies to Brucella canis." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 31, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638718820908.
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Brucella canis is a cause of canine infertility and abortion. Veterinarians and veterinary laboratorians screen for antibodies to B. canis with serologic tests including a rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT; D-Tec CB, Zoetis, San Diego, CA). False-positive results are possible because of cross-reactivity to antibodies to some gram-negative bacteria. Cross-reactivity has been reported between antibodies of Brucella abortus and Leptospira spp. with serologic tests for bovine brucellosis; however, this has not been documented with serologic tests for canine brucellosis, to the author’s knowledge. The RSAT was evaluated with the sera from dogs experimentally challenged with 1 of 4 serovars of Leptospira spp.: L. kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa, or L. interrogans serovars Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, or Pomona. Experimental infections were confirmed through results of microscopic agglutination testing and/or lateral flow immunochromatography testing. The sera of 32 dogs collected at day 0 and days 7, 10, and 14 yielded negative results with the RSAT. Antibodies produced through experimental infections to these 4 serovars of Leptospira spp. did not cross-react with Brucella antigen with the RSAT; therefore, cross-reactivity of anti-leptospiral antibodies may not be of concern for B. canis rapid slide agglutination testing of dogs.
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Tambunan, Lily, Iwan Sudradjat, and Suprapto Suprapto. "Penggunaan Atrium pada Bangunan Rumah Sakit Bertingkat dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Keselamatan Jiwa terhadap Bahaya Kebakaran." Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ruas.2020.018.01.2.
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The use of atrium in hospital buildings accelerating the patient's healing process and reduce the impression of stress on hospital buildings. However, the presence of the atrium can also pose a fire hazard because it can be a means of spreading smoke quickly. This study determines the effect of atriums in hospital buildings on the level of life safety in the event of a fire. The study was conducted at two hospitals in Bandung and Jakarta, Indonesia. The level of life safety is assessed through the difference between the time needed for the evacuation, referred to as RSET, and the time taken by smoke to cause a critical condition for occupants, called ASET, where RSET must be shorter than ASET. The analysis carried out on two physical configurations: open and closed atrium, and the results of this study showed that with an open atrium, the smoke quickly covered the evacuation route before the evacuation process completed, or ASET<RSET. The fire room door must be closed, and the smoke-barrier must be installed around the atrium to prevent the spread of smoke into patient rooms, thus fulfill the ASET<RSET criteria.
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Chiu, Jeffrey C., Saira Ajmal, Xiang Zhu, Elizabeth Griffith, Tiffany Encarnacion, and Louis Barr. "Radioactive Seed Localization of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions in an Academic Comprehensive Cancer Program Community Hospital Setting." American Surgeon 80, no. 7 (July 2014): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408000722.
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Wire localized excision (WLE) has been a long-standing method for localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. Disadvantages of this method include difficulty locating the wire tip in relation to borders of the lesion, imprecise placement of the wire, and the need to place the wire shortly before scheduled surgery. These shortcomings may lead to a high positive margin rate requiring re-excision to obtain clear margins for breast cancer. Radioactive seed localized excision (RSLE) of nonpalpable breast lesions has been advocated as a safe and effective alternative to WLE. The primary endpoints of the study were to compare re-excision rates between WLE and RSLE of nonpalpable breast lesions and to determine if there were any differences in volume of tissue removed. One hundred three patients were included in a retrospective review of localized breast excisions done by a single surgeon. Forty-four patients underwent WLE between April 2007 and February 2009. Fifty-nine patients underwent RSLE between September 2009 and January 2012. Margins were considered to be clear if at least 1 mm of normal tissue was obtained from the circumferential periphery of the lesion in question. RSLE resulted in a re-excision rate of 17 versus 55 per cent re-excision rate for wire localization ( P < 0.001). Excision volume was greater for patients having wire localization ( P = 0.074). RSLE is an effective technique for excision of non-palpable breast lesions in the community setting. This technique allows for accurate localization and appears to allow for smaller volume of tissue to be excised.
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Reeves, Adam, and W. G. Haldenwang. "Isolation and Characterization of Dominant Mutations in the Bacillus subtilis Stressosome Components RsbR and RsbS." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 5 (December 8, 2006): 1531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01649-06.
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ABSTRACT The general stress response of Bacillus subtilis is controlled by the activity state of the σB transcription factor. Physical stress is communicated to σB via a large-molecular-mass (>106-Da) structure (the stressosome) formed by one or more members of a family of homologous proteins (RsbR, YkoB, YojH, YqhA). The positive regulator (RsbT) of the σB stress induction pathway is incorporated into the complex bound to an inhibitor protein (RsbS). Exposure to stress empowers an RsbT-dependent phosphorylation of RsbR and RsbS, with the subsequent release of RsbT to activate downstream processes. The mechanism by which stress initiates these reactions is unknown. In an attempt to identify changes in stressosome components that could lead to σB activation, a DNA segment encoding these proteins was mutagenized and placed into B. subtilis to create a merodiploid strain for these genes. Eight mutations that allowed heightened σB activity in the presence of their wild-type counterparts were isolated. Two of the mutations are missense changes in rsbR, and six are amino acid changes in rsbS. Additional experiments suggested that both of the rsbR mutations and three of the rsbS mutations likely enhance σB activity by elevating the level of RsbS phosphorylation. All of the mutations were found to be dominant over wild-type alleles only when they are cotranscribed within an rsbR rsbS rsbT operon. The data suggest that changes in RsbR can initiate the downstream events that lead to σB activation and that RsbR, RsbS, and RsbT likely interact with each other concomitantly with their synthesis.
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Mohamed, Mohamed, Obinna Anya, Samir Tata, Nagapramod Mandagere, Nathalie Baracaldo, and Heiko Ludwig. "rSLA: An Approach for Managing Service Level Agreements in Cloud Environments." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 26, no. 02 (June 2017): 1742003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843017420035.
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Cloud providers offer services at different levels of abstraction from infrastructure to applications. The quality of Cloud services is a key determinant of the overall service level a provider offers to its customers. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are (1) crucial for Cloud customers to ensure that promised levels of services are met, (2) an important sales instrument and (3) a differentiating factor for providers. Cloud providers and services are often selected more dynamically than in traditional IT services, and as a result, SLAs need to be set up and their monitoring implemented to match the same speed. In this context, managing SLAs is complex: different Cloud providers expose different management interfaces and SLA metrics differ from one provider to another. In this paper, we will analyze how IT service quality has been defined and managed over time, discuss how to manage SLAs in today’s multi-layer, multi-sourced Cloud environments, and what to expect going forward. A particular focus will be made on the rSLA framework that enables fast setup of SLA monitoring in dynamic and heterogeneous Cloud environments. The rSLA framework is made up of three main components: the rSLA language to formally represent SLAs, the rSLA Service, which interprets the SLAs and implements the behavior specified in them, and a set of Xlets-lightweight, dynamically bound adapters to monitoring and controlling interfaces. rSLA has been tested in the context of a real pilot and found to reduce the client on-boarding process from months to weeks.
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Maggioni, Martina A., Matteo Bonato, Alexander Stahn, Antonio La Torre, Luca Agnello, Gianluca Vernillo, Carlo Castagna, and Giampiero Merati. "Effects of Ball Drills and Repeated-Sprint-Ability Training in Basketball Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 6 (July 1, 2019): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0433.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To investigate the effects of ball drills and repeated-sprint-ability training during the regular season in basketball players. Methods: A total of 30 players were randomized into 3 groups: ball-drills training (BDT, n = 12, 4 × 4 min, 3 vs 3 with 3-min passive recovery), repeated-sprint-ability training (RSAT, n = 9, 3 × 6 × 20-m shuttle running with 20-s and 4-min recovery), and general basketball training (n = 9, basketball technical/tactical exercises), as control group. Players were tested before and after 8 wk of training using the following tests: , squat jump, countermovement jump, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YIRT1), agility T test, line-drill test, 5-/10-/20-m sprints, and blood lactate concentration. A custom-developed survey was used to analyze players’ technical skills. Results: After training, significant improvements were seen in YIRT1 (BDT P = .014, effect size [ES] ± 90% CI = 0.8 ± 0.3; RSAT P = .022, ES ± 90% CI = 0.7 ± 0.3), the agility T test (BDT P = .018, ES ± 90% CI = 0.7 ± 0.5; RSAT P = .037, ES ± 90% CI = 0.7 ± 0.5), and the line-drill test (BDT P = .010, ES ± 90% CI = 0.3 ± 0.1; RSAT P < .0001, ES ± 90% CI = 0.4 ± 0.1). In the RSAT group, only 10-m sprint speeds (P = .039, ES ± 90% CI = 0.3 ± 0.2) and blood lactate concentration (P = .004, ES ± 90% CI = 0.8 ± 1.1) were improved. Finally, technical skills were increased in BDT regarding dribbling (P = .038, ES ± 90% CI = 0.8 ± 0.6), shooting (P = .036, ES ± 90% CI = 0.8 ± 0.8), passing (P = .034, ES ± 90% CI = 0.9 ± 0.3), rebounding (P = .023, ES ± 90% CI = 1.1 ± 0.3), defense (P = .042, ES ± 90% CI = 0.5 ± 0.5), and offense (P = .044, ES ± 90% CI = 0.4 ± 0.4) skills. Conclusions: BDT and RSAT are both effective in improving the physical performance of basketball players. BDT had also a positive impact on technical skills. Basketball strength and conditioning professionals should include BDT as a routine tool to improve technical skills and physical performance simultaneously throughout the regular training season.
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Trappe, Ralf Ulrich, Daan Dierickx, Petra Reinke, Ruth Neuhaus, Franck Morschhauser, Jan M. Zaucha, Peter Mollee, et al. "Interim analysis of the largest prospective trial to date in adult CD20-positive post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD): Introducing risk-stratified sequential treatment (RSST)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 8030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.8030.
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8030 Background: The prospective, multicenter international phase II PTLD-1 trial of sequential treatment (ST, 4 cycles of weekly rituximab followed by 4 cycles of CHOP-21 + G-CSF) in adult CD20-positive PTLD demonstrated excellent efficacy (90% overall response rate, ORR) and safety (11% treatment-related mortality, TRM). As the response to rituximab predicted overall survival (OS), the trial was amended in 2007 introducing risk-stratified sequential treatment (RSST) according to the response to rituximab (NCT00590447). Methods: Following rituximab on days 1, 8, 15 and 22, RSST consisted of 4 3-weekly courses of rituximab monotherapy for patients (pts) in complete remission (CR, low risk) while all others (high risk) received 4 cycles of R-CHOP-21 + G-CSF. Key exclusion criteria were CNS involvement, HIV infection, severe organ dysfunction not related to PTLD, and ECOG > 2. Primary endpoint was ORR. This is an analysis of the first 91 patients treated with RSST. Results: 79/91 pts had monomorphic, 12 polymorphic PTLD. 41/91 pts were kidney, 27 liver, 12 heart, 7 lung or heart+lung, 3 heart+kidney and 1 kidney+pancreas transplant recipients. Median age at diagnosis was 60 years (range 20-82). 73/91 pts had late PTLD and 39/85 PTLDs were EBV-associated. 1 pt died before initiation of treatment; 5 pts discontinued treatment after 4 cycles rituximab. TRM of RSST was 7/90 (8%) including 5 deaths with unknown remission status. ORR was thus 74/80 (93%, 95%CI: 84-97%; CR: 62/80 [78%]). 24/90 pts (27%) achieved CR with 4 cycles of rituximab. After a median follow up of >3 years, relapse rate in low risk pts was not increased by rituximab consolidation in RSST compared to CHOP consolidation in ST (3/23 vs. 5/14, p=0.104]). In patients in PD after rituximab, R-CHOP was more effective than CHOP in achieving CR (15/23 vs. 3/11, p=0.038). OS at 3 years was higher with RSST (70%, 95% CI: 60-82%) compared to ST (61%, 95%CI 49-72%) but this difference was not significant. Conclusions: With RSST 27% of pts were classified as low risk and achieved durable tumor control without chemotherapy while R-CHOP seems more efficient than CHOP in in high risk patients.
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Parajka, Juraj, Nejc Bezak, John Burkhart, Bjarki Hauksson, Ladislav Holko, Yeshewa Hundecha, Michal Jenicek, et al. "Modis Snowline Elevation Changes During Snowmelt Runoff Events in Europe." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 67, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2018-0011.
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Abstract This study evaluates MODIS snow cover characteristics for large number of snowmelt runoff events in 145 catchments from 9 countries in Europe. The analysis is based on open discharge daily time series from the Global Runoff Data Center database and daily MODIS snow cover data. Runoff events are identified by a base flow separation approach. The MODIS snow cover characteristics are derived from Terra 500 m observations (MOD10A1 dataset, V005) in the period 2000-2015 and include snow cover area, cloud coverage, regional snowline elevation (RSLE) and its changes during the snowmelt runoff events. The snowmelt events are identified by using estimated RSLE changes during a runoff event. The results indicate that in the majority of catchments there are between 3 and 6 snowmelt runoff events per year. The mean duration between the start and peak of snowmelt runoff events is about 3 days and the proportion of snowmelt events in all runoff events tends to increase with the maximum elevation of catchments. Clouds limit the estimation of snow cover area and RSLE, particularly for dates of runoff peaks. In most of the catchments, the median of cloud coverage during runoff peaks is larger than 80%. The mean minimum RSLE, which represents the conditions at the beginning of snowmelt events, is situated approximately at the mean catchment elevation. It means that snowmelt events do not start only during maximum snow cover conditions, but also after this maximum. The mean RSLE during snowmelt peaks is on average 170 m lower than at the start of the snowmelt events, but there is a large regional variability.
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Tosi, L., E. E. Kruse, F. Braga, E. S. Carol, S. C. Carretero, J. L. Pousa, F. Rizzetto, and P. Teatini. "Hydro-morphologic setting of the Samborombón Bay (Argentina) at the end of the 21st century." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 3 (March 4, 2013): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-523-2013.
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Abstract. We report on the hydrologic and morphologic setting of the Samborombón Bay, Argentina, which is expected at the end of the 21st century as a consequence of possible scenarios of relative sea level rise (RSLR). The geomorphological analysis of the Samborombón coastland points out only minor changes occurred over the last 40 yr. The modifications are mainly related to the construction of canals to enhance the floodplain drainage. A digital elevation model (DEM) obtained by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data archive, ad hoc calibrated/validated for the study area, highlights that about 3000 km2 of coastal plain present a morphological setting at high risk of sea flooding. The analysis of sea level and storm surge events recorded from 1905 to 2010 in Buenos Aires provides the RSLR rate and the return period of extreme floods. In addition, vertical land movements (VLM) measured by the permanent GPS stations of Buenos Aires and La Plata allow for the quantification of the eustatic component of the RSLR and estimating a plausible RSLR rate in the Samborombón Bay. Taking into account possible RSLR scenarios at the end of 2100 as resulting from the statistical analysis of (i) tide gauge and GPS time series and (ii) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predictions, the potential effect of the increased sea level on the Samborombón coastland is simulated. The results show that the combined rise of sea levels, surficial waters and groundwater will lead to a new morpho-hydrologic setting of the coastal area, especially in the low-lying southern sector. Here, a coastline retreat up to 40 km is expected, with temporary submersion up to 4000 km2 during storm surges.
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K, M. Kamaluddin, Erna Setiawati, and Tanti Ajoe Kesoema. "Improvement of Hand Motor Function after Radial Shock Wave Therapy in Chronic Stroke Patients." Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 7, no. 01 (June 24, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v7i01.115.
Full textAbstract:
IIntroduction:
The Radial Shock Wave Therapy (RSWT) expected could improve spasticity and hand function in chronic stroke patients. This study aimed to find out the improvement of hand function after RSWT as an additional therapy in chronic stroke patients.
Methods:
Design study was a randomized controlled trial, in December 2018. The patients were assigned randomly to the experimental group (Infrared, Stretching, and RSWT) and control group (Infrared and Stretching) for six weeks. Hand motor function was measured using Fugl-Meyer Motor Assesment (FMA) before and after intervention.
Results:
The median values of wrist FMA scores in the experimental and control group before and after intervention were 2 vs 5 (p=0.001) and 3 vs 4 (p<0.001) respectively. The median values of hand FMA scores in the experimental and control group before and intervention were 4 vs 6 (p=0,.001) and 4 vs 5 (p<0.001). However, the delta between before and after intervention was higher in experimental group.
Conclusion: The improvement of wrist and hand FMA scores after added treatment by RSWT was tend to higher.Keywords: Spasticity, Hand Function, Stroke, Radial Shock Therapy, Fugl-Meyer Motor Assesment
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Madzharova, R., and E. Simeonov. "COMPARING THE EFFECT OF CONVENTIONAL PHYSIOTHERAPY AND RADIAL SHOCKWAVE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CAPSULITIS ADHESIVE ON SHOULDER JOINT." EurasianUnionScientists 2, no. 11(80) (December 14, 2020): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.2.80.1100.
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Purpose: Capsulitis adhesive is a degenerative disease of soft tissues around the shoulder joint. Characterized by pain and limited movements in the shoulder joint. It has always been considered important because of the impact on the quality-of-life and long period of illness. Therefore, the use of noninvasive and safe techniques that can speed up the healing process of the disease is important.
The aim of the follow-up the effect on pain and range of motion (ROM) after conventional physiotherapy versus radial shockwave therapy (RSWT) in the same patients with Capsulitis adhesive.
Method: 10 patients ware treated for 2 months with a conventional physiotherapy without improvement and followed 6 weeks treatment with RSWT. Visual analogy scale (VAS) used for pain assessment, goniometry for the ROM and Neer test, Upper limb Activity of daily living (ADL) to objectitize the patient state before and after both therapies.
Results: The patient's condition has not improved after conventional therapy. The treatment with RSWT provides a significant reduction of pain, increase ROM in the shoulder joint and improve ADL for the upper limb.
Conclusions: Usage of RSWT alone is much better option compared to the conventional physiotherapy in patients with Capsulitis adhesive.
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Latha N R and G. R. Prasad. "Memory and I/O Optimized Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree Routing For VLSI." International Journal of Electronics, Communications, and Measurement Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijecme.2020010104.
Full textAbstract:
As the size of devices are scaling down at rapid pace, the interconnect delay play a major part in performance of IC chips. Therefore minimizing delay and wire length is the most desired objective. FLUTE (Fast Look-Up table) presented a fast and accurate RSMT (Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree) construction for both smaller and higher degree net. In this paper, FLUTE presented an optimization technique that reduces time complexity for RSMT construction for both smaller and larger degree nets. However for larger degree net this technique induces memory overhead, as it does not consider the memory requirement in constructing RSMT. Since availability of memory is very less and is expensive, it is desired to utilize memory more efficiently which in turn results in reducing I/O time (i.e. reduce the number of I/O disk access). The proposed work presents a Memory Optimized RSMT (MORSMT) construction in order to address the memory overhead for larger degree net. The depth-first search and divide and conquer approach is adopted to build a Memory optimized tree. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed approach over existing model for varied benchmarks in term of computation time, memory overhead and wire length. The experimental results show that the proposed model is scalable and efficient.
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N. R., Latha, and G. R. Prasad. "Memory and I/O optimized rectilinear steiner minimum tree routing for VLSI." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 2959. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp2959-2968.
Full textAbstract:
As the size of devices are scaling down at rapid pace, the interconnect delay play a major part in performance of IC chips. Therefore minimizing delay and wire length is the most desired objective. FLUTE (Fast Look-Up table) presented a fast and accurate RSMT (Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree) construction for both smaller and higher degree net. FLUTE presented an optimization technique that reduces time complexity for RSMT construction for both smaller and larger degree nets. However for larger degree net this technique induces memory overhead, as it does not consider the memory requirement in constructing RSMT. Since availability of memory is very less and is expensive, it is desired to utilize memory more efficiently which in turn results in reducing I/O time (i.e. reduce the number of I/O disk access). The proposed work presents a Memory Optimized RSMT (MORSMT) construction in order to address the memory overhead for larger degree net. The depth-first search and divide and conquer approach is adopted to build a Memory optimized tree. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed approach over existing model for varied benchmarks in terms of computation time, memory overhead and wire length. The experimental results show that the proposed model is scalable and efficient.