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Academic literature on the topic 'Rtga'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rtga"

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Fedorov, Artem Yu, and Oleg P. Zhirnov. "Method for evaluating the neuraminidase activity of receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) compounds using the influenza virus." Problems of Virology, Russian journal 65, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-2-113-118.

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Introduction. The classic hemagglutination inhibition reaction (RTGA) is used to determine the level of antiviral antibodies in human and animal serum specimens. During the performance of RTGA the tested sera must be treated with a receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) to remove serum glycans that degrade the accuracy of the RTGA results. To optimize the amounts of RDE compounds used, it is necessary to know their real neuraminidase activity. This article describes a simple and economical method for testing the neuraminidase activity of receptor-destroying compounds using standard reagents and laboratory equipment.Aims of investigation. Design of an improved simple and convenient method for evaluating the neuraminidase activity using the flu virus.Material and methods. Here, we propose a convenient method for evaluating the activity of neuraminidase by double-fold dilution procedure with human or animal erythrocytes followed by hemagglutination assay with influenza A virus.Results and discussion. The method is based on the ability of neuraminidase to hydrolyze sialic acid residues on the cell surface of erythrocytes, that deprives red blood cells to be agglutinated with the flu virus, since these sialic glycans provide virus attachment and hemagglutination.Conclusion. The designed method allows the accurate measurement of the receptor-destroying (neuraminidase) activity of RDE compounds and the comparison of the compounds with each other. This test is necessary to optimize the RTGA protocol when monitoring blood sera of animals and humans after influenza infection and/or Acute Respiratory diseases (ARD). The designed method can be included in the guidelines of regulations for the RTGA protocol, which is used in different laboratories to monitor the epidemic process of influenza and ARD infections.

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Chelstowska, Anna, Yankai Jia, Beverly Rothermel, and Ronald A. Butow. "Retrograde regulation: a novel path of communication between mitochondria, the nucleus, and peroxisomes in yeast." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-247.

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Alterations in mitochondrial function result in changes in nuclear gene expression, a process we have called retrograde regulation. Here we summarize studies on the effects of the mitochondrial state on expression of the C1T2 gene, which encodes citrate synthase 2, an enzyme that functions in the glyoxylate cycle and is located in peroxisomes. Various defective mitochondria result in up to a 30-fold transcriptional activation of the gene, a process which could provide additional citrate to mitochondria when the TCA cycle is limiting. We have identified three new genes, RTG1, RTG2, and RTG3, that are required for C1T2 expression. RTG1 and RTG3 encode basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors that bind to the 5′ flanking region of C1T2. RTG2 is a protein of unknown function. Both RTG1 and RTG2 are also required for oleic acid induction of peroxisomes. These studies reveal a complex pattern of interorganelle communication among mitochondria, the nucleus and peroxisomes. Key words: yeast, mitochondria, peroxisomes, organelle communication.

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Guaragnella, Nicoletta, Gennaro Agrimi, Pasquale Scarcia, Clelia Suriano, Isabella Pisano, Antonella Bobba, Cristina Mazzoni, Luigi Palmieri, and Sergio Giannattasio. "RTG Signaling Sustains Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in HOG1-Dependent Osmoadaptation." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091894.

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Mitochondrial RTG-dependent retrograde signaling, whose regulators have been characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, plays a recognized role under various environmental stresses. Of special significance, the activity of the transcriptional complex Rtg1/3 has been shown to be modulated by Hog1, the master regulator of the high osmolarity glycerol pathway, in response to osmotic stress. The present work focuses on the role of RTG signaling in salt-induced osmotic stress and its interaction with HOG1. Wild-type and mutant cells, lacking HOG1 and/or RTG genes, are compared with respect to cell growth features, retrograde signaling activation and mitochondrial function in the presence and in the absence of high osmostress. We show that RTG2, the main upstream regulator of the RTG pathway, contributes to osmoadaptation in an HOG1-dependent manner and that, with RTG3, it is notably involved in a late phase of growth. Our data demonstrate that impairment of RTG signaling causes a decrease in mitochondrial respiratory capacity exclusively under osmostress. Overall, these results suggest that HOG1 and the RTG pathway may interact sequentially in the stress signaling cascade and that the RTG pathway may play a role in inter-organellar metabolic communication for osmoadaptation.

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Ruiz-Roig, Clàudia, Núria Noriega, Alba Duch, Francesc Posas, and Eulàlia de Nadal. "The Hog1 SAPK controls the Rtg1/Rtg3 transcriptional complex activity by multiple regulatory mechanisms." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 21 (November 2012): 4286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0289.

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Cells modulate expression of nuclear genes in response to alterations in mitochondrial function, a response termed retrograde (RTG) regulation. In budding yeast, the RTG pathway relies on Rtg1 and Rtg3 basic helix-loop-helix leucine Zipper transcription factors. Exposure of yeast to external hyperosmolarity activates the Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), which is a key player in the regulation of gene expression upon stress. Several transcription factors, including Sko1, Hot1, the redundant Msn2 and Msn4, and Smp1, have been shown to be directly controlled by the Hog1 SAPK. The mechanisms by which Hog1 regulates their activity differ from one to another. In this paper, we show that Rtg1 and Rtg3 transcription factors are new targets of the Hog1 SAPK. In response to osmostress, RTG-dependent genes are induced in a Hog1-dependent manner, and Hog1 is required for Rtg1/3 complex nuclear accumulation. In addition, Hog1 activity regulates Rtg1/3 binding to chromatin and transcriptional activity. Therefore Hog1 modulates Rtg1/3 complex activity by multiple mechanisms in response to stress. Overall our data suggest that Hog1, through activation of the RTG pathway, contributes to ensure mitochondrial function as part of the Hog1-mediated osmoadaptive response.

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Komeili, Arash, Karen P. Wedaman, Erin K. O'Shea, and Ted Powers. "Mechanism of Metabolic Control." Journal of Cell Biology 151, no. 4 (November 13, 2000): 863–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.151.4.863.

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De novo biosynthesis of amino acids uses intermediates provided by the TCA cycle that must be replenished by anaplerotic reactions to maintain the respiratory competency of the cell. Genome-wide expression analyses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveal that many of the genes involved in these reactions are repressed in the presence of the preferred nitrogen sources glutamine or glutamate. Expression of these genes in media containing urea or ammonia as a sole nitrogen source requires the heterodimeric bZip transcription factors Rtg1 and Rtg3 and correlates with a redistribution of the Rtg1p/Rtg3 complex from a predominantly cytoplasmic to a predominantly nuclear location. Nuclear import of the complex requires the cytoplasmic protein Rtg2, a previously identified upstream regulator of Rtg1 and Rtg3, whereas export requires the importin-β-family member Msn5. Remarkably, nuclear accumulation of Rtg1/Rtg3, as well as expression of their target genes, is induced by addition of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinases. We demonstrate further that Rtg3 is a phosphoprotein and that its phosphorylation state changes after rapamycin treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that target of rapamycin signaling regulates specific anaplerotic reactions by coupling nitrogen quality to the activity and subcellular localization of distinct transcription factors.

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Liu, Zhengchang, and Ronald A. Butow. "A Transcriptional Switch in the Expression of Yeast Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Genes in Response to a Reduction or Loss of Respiratory Function." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 6720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.10.6720.

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ABSTRACT The Hap2,3,4,5p transcription complex is required for expression of many mitochondrial proteins that function in electron transport and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. We show that as the cells’ respiratory function is reduced or eliminated, the expression of four TCA cycle genes, CIT1, ACO1, IDH1, andIDH2, switches from HAP control to control by three genes, RTG1, RTG2, and RTG3. The expression of four additional TCA cycle genes downstream ofIDH1 and IDH2 is independent of theRTG genes. We have previously shown that theRTG genes control the retrograde pathway, defined as a change in the expression of a subset of nuclear genes, e.g., the glyoxylate cycle CIT2 gene, in response to changes in the functional state of mitochondria. We show that thecis-acting sequence controlling RTG-dependent expression of CIT1 includes an R box element, GTCAC, located 70 bp upstream of the Hap2,3,4,5p binding site in theCIT1 upstream activation sequence. The R box is a binding site for Rtg1p-Rtg3p, a heterodimeric, basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper transcription factor complex. We propose that in cells with compromised mitochondrial function, the RTG genes take control of the expression of genes leading to the synthesis of α-ketoglutarate to ensure that sufficient glutamate is available for biosynthetic processes and that increased flux of the glyoxylate cycle, via elevated CIT2 expression, provides a supply of metabolites entering the TCA cycle sufficient to support anabolic pathways. Glutamate is a potent repressor of RTG-dependent expression of genes encoding both mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial proteins, suggesting that it is a specific feedback regulator of the RTG system.

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Guaragnella, Nicoletta, Mariarita Stirpe, Domenico Marzulli, Cristina Mazzoni, and Sergio Giannattasio. "Acid Stress Triggers Resistance to Acetic Acid-Induced Regulated Cell Death through Hog1 Activation Which Requires RTG2 in Yeast." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (February 25, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4651062.

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Acid stress causes resistance to acetic acid-induced regulated cell death (AA-RCD) in budding yeast, resulting in catalase activation. In order to explore the molecular determinants of evasion of AA-RCD triggered by acid stress adaptation, we studied the involvement and the possible interplay of the master regulator of transcription high-osmolarity glycerol 1 (HOG1) and RTG2, a positive regulator of the RTG-dependent mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Viability, DNA fragmentation, and ROS accumulation have been analyzed in wild-type and mutant cells lacking HOG1 and/or RTG2. Catalase activity and transcription of CTT1 and CTA1, coding the cytosolic and peroxisomal/mitochondrial catalase, respectively, as well as Hog1 phosphorylation, were also analyzed. Our results show that HOG1 is essential for resistance to AA-RCD and its activation results in the upregulation of CTT1, but not CTA1, transcription during acid stress adaptation. RTG2 is required for Hog1-dependent CTT1 upregulation upon acid stress, despite failure of RTG pathway activation. We give evidence that Rtg2 has a cytoprotective role and can act as a general cell stress sensor independent of Rtg1/3-dependent transcription.

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Bhattacharyya, Saumitri, Michael L. Rolfsmeier, Michael J. Dixon, Kara Wagoner, and Robert S. Lahue. "Identification of RTG2 as a Modifier Gene for CTG·CAG Repeat Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 162, no. 2 (October 1, 2002): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.2.579.

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Abstract Trinucleotide repeats (TNRs) undergo frequent mutations in families affected by TNR diseases and in model organisms. Much of the instability is conferred in cis by the sequence and length of the triplet tract. Trans-acting factors also modulate TNR instability risk, on the basis of such evidence as parent-of-origin effects. To help identify trans-acting modifiers, a screen was performed to find yeast mutants with altered CTG·CAG repeat mutation frequencies. The RTG2 gene was identified as one such modifier. In rtg2 mutants, expansions of CTG·CAG repeats show a modest increase in rate, depending on the starting tract length. Surprisingly, contractions were suppressed in an rtg2 background. This creates a situation in a model system where expansions outnumber contractions, as in humans. The rtg2 phenotype was apparently specific for CTG·CAG repeat instability, since no changes in mutation rate were observed for dinucleotide repeats or at the CAN1 reporter gene. This feature sets rtg2 mutants apart from most other mutants that affect genetic stability both for TNRs and at other DNA sequences. It was also found that RTG2 acts independently of its normal partners RTG1 and RTG3, suggesting a novel function of RTG2 that helps modify CTG·CAG repeat mutation risk.

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Malchikov, I. A., A. V. Slobodenyuk, I. V. Vyalykh, A. Yu Markaran, Yu V. Grigorieva, Yu Yu Burtseva, and I. P. Malchikova. "Population immunity for influenza in population of Sverdlovsk Region in epidemic season of 2018–2019." Medical alphabet, no. 18 (September 24, 2020): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-18-26-28.

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Donor blood serum was tested to detect antibodies against circulating influenza viruses. The titer of specific antibodies was determined in the hemagglutination inhibition test (RTGA) against influenza viruses A/California/07/09(H1N1) pdm09, A/HongKong/4801/14(H3N2) and B/Brisben/46/15. In the pre-epidemic period 2018–2019, the immune layer of people with conditionally protective titers of antiviral antibodies was detected in terms of the lowest to A(H3N2) virus (50.0 %), the highest to influenza B (85.4 %). In the post-epidemic season of 2018–2019, the immune layer to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus did not change significantly, which could indicate the preservation of the activity of this virus in the adult population; an increase in the immune layer of individuals with protective titers of antibodies to influenza A(H3N2) – 67.4 % and a decrease in influenza B virus – 49.2 %. A comparison of the results of laboratory data carried out in the pre- and post-epidemic seasons revealed significant differences in the number of people with average antibody titers against influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses (p < 0.05).

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Reichel, Franz, Christoph Peter, Volker Ewerbeck, and Marcus Egermann. "Reducing Blood Loss in Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Tranexamic Acid Is Effective in Aseptic Revisions and in Second-Stage Reimplantations for Periprosthetic Infection." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 15, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3891870.

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Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of tranexamic acid (TXA) in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) and revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). We analyzed the perioperative blood loss with and without TXA in aseptic rTHA and rTKA as well as in second-stage reimplantation for hip and knee periprosthetic infection. Materials and Methods. In this prospective cohort study, 147 patients receiving TXA (96 rTHA, 51 rTKA) were compared to a retrospective cohort of 155 patients without TXA (103 rTHA, 52 rTKA). The TXA regimen consisted of a preoperative bolus of 10 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) TXA plus 1 mg/kgBW/h perioperatively. Given blood products were documented and the perioperative blood loss was calculated. Thromboembolic events were registered until three months postoperatively. In subgroups, the effects of TXA were separately analyzed in 215 aseptic revisions as well as in 87 reimplantations in two-stage revisions for periprosthetic infection. Results. Both TXA groups showed a significantly reduced mean blood loss compared to the respective control groups. The TXA group of rTHA patients had a mean blood loss of 2916 ml ± 1226 ml versus 3611 ml ± 1474 ml in the control group (p<.001). For the TXA group of rTKA patients, mean calculated blood loss was 2756 ml ± 975 ml compared to 3441 ml ± 1100 ml in the control group (p=.0012). A significantly reduced blood loss was also found in the TXA subgroups for aseptic and septic revision procedures. No thromboembolic events were recorded among the TXA groups. Conclusions. There is a significant reduction of perioperative blood loss under TXA influence without an increased incidence of adverse events. The standard use of TXA can be recommended in aseptic hip and knee revision arthroplasties as well as in second-stage reimplantations for periprosthetic infection.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rtga"

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Morvan, Frédéric. "Effet préventif des RGTA sur des mucites induites par du 5-Fluoruracile chez le hamster : études in vivo et in vitro." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077078.

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Noriega, Esteban Núria. "The Rtg1 and Rtg3 proteins are novel transcription factors regulated by the yeast hog1 mapk upon osmotic stress." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7158.

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La adaptación de la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae a condiciones de alta osmolaridad está mediada por la vía de HOG ((high-osmolarity glycerol). La activación de esta vía induce una serie de respuestas que van a permitir la supervivencia celular en respuesta a estrés. La regulación génica constituye una respuesta clave para dicha supervivencia. Se han descrito cinco factores de transcripción regulados por Hog1 en respuesta a estrés osmótico. Sin embargo, éstos no pueden explicar la totalidad de los genes regulados por la MAPK Hog1. En el presente trabajo describimos cómo el complejo transcripcional formado por las proteínas Rtg1 y Rtg3 regula, a través de la quinasa Hog1, la expresión de un conjunto específico de genes. Hog1 fosforila Rtg1 y Rtg3, aunque ninguna de estas fosforilaciones son esenciales para regulación transcripcional en respuesta a estrés. Este trabajo también muestra cómo la deleción de proteínas RTG provoca osmosensibilidad celular, lo que indica que la integridad de la vía de RTG es esencial para la supervivencia celular frente a un estrés osmótico.
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the adaptation to high osmolarity is mediated by the HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) pathway, which elicits different cellular responses required for cell survival upon osmostress. Regulation of gene expression is a major adaptative response required for cell survival in response to osmotic stress. At least five transcription factors have been reported to be controlled by the Hog1 MAPK. However, they cannot account for the regulation of all of the genes under the control of the Hog1 MAPK. Here we show that the Rtg1/3 transcriptional complex regulates the expression of specific genes upon osmostress in a Hog1-dependent manner. Hog1 phosphorylates both Rtg1 and Rtg3 proteins. However, none of these phosphorylations are essential for the transcriptional regulation upon osmostress. Here we also show that the deletion of RTG proteins leads to osmosensitivity at high osmolarity, suggesting that the RTG-pathway integrity is essential for cell survival upon stress.

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Velím, Michael. "Defektoskopie s využitím RTG." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399582.

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This diploma thesis deals with a defect detection with X-rays in the manufacturing procedure in the electrotechnical field. The work summarises the knowledge about technical possibilities of an X-ray device Cougar of YXlon company. Part of the work is focusing on scanning in 2D, 3D visualization and automatic analysis. The thesis describes inspection methods of a connector connection, the quality of a soldered joint and an encapsulated product.

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Pelz, Johann. "Immunhistochemische Analyse vaskulärer und glialer Veränderungen im Rattenhirn nach fokaler zerebraler Ischämie und Hyperbarer Sauerstofftherapie." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-115141.

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Der ischämische Schlaganfall ist ein akutes Krankheitsbild mit großer medizinischer und sozioökonomischer Bedeutung. Eine zentrale Rolle in der Pathophysiologie spielt hierbei die Neurovaskuläre Einheit (NVU), deren wichtigste Funktion in der Gewährleistung der Blut-Hirn-Schranke (BBB) besteht. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der weiteren immunhistochemischen Charakterisierung vaskulärer und zellulärer Komponenten der NVU und der Analyse der BBB-Permeabilität beim thrombembolischen Schlaganfallmodell der Ratte. Darüber hinaus wird ein immunhistochemisches Verfahren entwickelt, mit dem FITC-Albumin und biotinyliertes Ratten-IgG in dauerhaft stabile Diaminobenzidin-Addukte überführbar sind, was anschließend die lichtmikroskopische Analyse in Serienschnitten und dadurch eine einfache volumetrische Quantifizierung permeabilitätsgestörter Areale erlaubt. 25 Stunden nach Induktion der Ischämie kann so im direkten Vergleich von ausgetretenem biotinylierten Ratten-IgG mit FITC-Albumin gezeigt werden, dass sowohl die qualitativ als auch quantitativ ermittelten Verteilungsmuster für beide Markersubstanzen identisch sind. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt gilt der Fragestellung, ob bekannte negative Effekte der systemischen Thrombolyse mit rekombinantem Gewebsplasminogenaktivator (rtPA) auf die Integrität der BBB durch eine simultane Hyperbare Sauerstofftherapie (HBO) abgeschwächt werden können. Dabei wird durch die gezielte Untersuchung einzelner Gefäße im permeabilitätsgestörten Areal erstmalig demonstriert, dass HBO zu keiner Stabilisierung einer erhöhten BBB-Permeabilität beim thrombembolischen Schlaganfall der Ratte führt.

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Lundquist, Per. "Certification of Actel Fusion according to RTCA DO-254." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10032.

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In recent years the aviation industry is moving towards the use of programmable logic devices in airborne safety critical systems. To be able to certify the close to fail-safe functionality of these programmable devises (e.g. FPGAs) to the aviation authorities, the aviation industry uses a guideline for design assurance for airborne electronic hardware named RTCA DO-254. At the same time the PLD industry is developing ever more complex embedded system-on-chip solutions integrating more and more functionality on a single chip.

This thesis looks at the problems that rise when trying to certify system-on-chip solutions according to RTCA DO-254. Used as an example of an embedded FPGA, the Actel Fusion FPGA chip with integrated analog and digital functionality will be tested according to the verification guidance. The results show that for the time being, the examined embedded system-on-chip FPGAs can not be verified to be used in airborne safety critical systems.

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Novotný, Lukáš. "Kvantitativní hodnocení kvality CT RTG zobrazení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218149.

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X-Ray Computed Tomography is irreplaceable medical imaging system. Quantitative evaluation is day to day routine used for clean run of this imaging system. The master’s thesis is focused on quantitative evaluation of first and third generation X-Ray CT. First of all is about subjective and objective evaluation of space and energetic resolution. Space resolution is evaluated in space and frequency domain. Energetic resolution is represent by low contrast resolution method. Application “Kvantitativní hodnocení kvality CT RTG zobrazení” created for this thesis is used for creation of reconstruction image and quantitative evaluation. This application was created with consideration of its usage in subjects about image processing. The master’s thesis contains results of quantitative evaluation X-Ray CT created with this application and proposal of lab work.

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Nikolaev, Simon. "Evaluation of high pressures in grouting using RTGC - a case study." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175147.

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“Real time grouting control method” är ett koncept för att övervaka och bedöma spridningen av injekteringsbruk under injektering. Målet är att kunna använda penetrationsavstånd som stopkriterium och att kunna övervaka hur injekteringsarbetet fortskrider i realtid, vilket skulle göra injekteringsarbetet mer tids- och kostnadseffektivt. Teorin har prövats med data från ett tunnelprojekt i Sverige med kristallint berg från prekambrium-eran, och med data från dammprojekt i Iran och Laos med sedimentärt berg, samtliga med lovande resultat. RTGC-teorin har nyligen vidareutvecklats, där bedömningar och begränsningar angående jacking föreslås, utifrån en kombination av injekteringstryck och spridning av injekteringsbruk. Teorin har tvecklats både för elastisk jacking, där deformationer kan kompenseras för, och för plastisk jacking, där deformationerna är permanenta. Effekterna av höga tryck och jacking kan uppskattas och de eventuella negativa konsekvenserna kvantifieras. Mer specifikt ligger fokus på vilken påverkan sprickdeformationer kan ha på penetrationsavståndet och på transmissiviteten i en spricka. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att undersöka vilka effekter höga injekteringstryck har på injekteringsprocessen av en tunnel med avseende på jacking. I examensarbetet har teorin för RTGC använts för att analysera data från ett järnvägstunnelsprojekt i Norge, där betydligt högre injekteringstryck än i Sverige generellt sett används. Teorin har kunnat appliceras på data framgångsrikt, även om mindre anpassningar varit nödvändiga. Orsaken till anpassningarna är att teorin främst är utvecklad för ett mer eller mindre konstant injekteringstryck, samtidigt som ett varierande injekteringstryck i viss utsträckning använts i det norska projektet. Resultaten tyder på att det skulle vara möjligt att spara både tid och pengar med hjälp av RTGC, genom att minska åtgången av både tid och injekteringsbruk. Resultaten antyder även att höga injekteringstryck kan orsaka betydande jacking om geologin och sprickornas orientering och längd är ogynnsamma. Om och i vilken utsträckning jackingen påverkar den slutliga tätningen av bergmassan har emellertid inte kunnat studeras i detta projekt, då data kring inläckage ej varit tillgänglig vid genomförandet av analysen. Vidare visas, trots vissa antaganden och förenklingar i den geologiska modellen, att denna teoretiska modell möjliggör en bedömning av effekterna som injekteringstrycket har på det slutliga resultatet. Detta bör kunna användas för att välja ett optimalt injekteringstryck.
The “Real Time Grouting Control Method” is a concept for governing the grout spread during a grouting operation. The goal is to be able to use the penetration length as stop criterion and to be able to monitor the progress of the grouting operation in real-time, which would make grouting operations more efficient in terms of time and cost. The theory has been tested with data from tunnelling projects in Sweden with pre-cambium rock, and with data from dam projects in Iran and in Laos with sedimentary rock, all with promising results. Recently there have been developments in the RTGC-theory that propose jacking limits based on a combination of grout pressure and spread of grout, both for elastic jacking, where deformations can be compensated for, and ultimate jacking, where deformations are permanent. With the theory, the effects of high pressures and elastic jacking can be assessed, and the negative consequences of elastic jacking can be quantified. Specifically, the focus is on the effect that fracture deformation may have on the distance that the grout penetratesinto a fracture, and on the transmissivity of a fracture. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate what effects high grouting pressures may have on the grouting process with respect to jacking. To obtain this, the theory is used to analyse data from a railway tunnel project in Norway, where considerably higher grouting pressures than in Sweden are used. The application of the theory has been successful, even though some minor adaptions have been necessary. The reason for the adaptions is that the RTGC-theory is developed for a more or less constant grouting pressure, while a varying pressure to some extent has been applied in the Norwegian project. The results suggest that using RTGC could save time and money by reducing grouting time and grout volume. The results also suggest that the high grouting pressures may cause considerable jacking if the geology and fracture situation is unfavourable. If and to what extent the jacking affects the final tightness of the rock mass has however not been possible to determine, given that data regarding measured leakage has not been available at the time for this analysis. It is shown that despite assumptions and simplifications in the geological model, using this theoretical approach enables the estimation of the effect that the grouting pressure has on the outcome of the performed grouting, arguably allowing for the optimum grouting pressure to be selected.

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Kabrda, Miroslav. "Zpracování RTG snímků při výzkumu čelistních onemocnění." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219426.

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The subject of this thesis is a method proposed for automated evaluation of the parameters of X-ray of cystic disorders in human jawbones. The main problem in medical diagnostic is the low repeatability due to the subjective evaluation of images without using a tool for image processing. In this thesis are described the basic steps of image processing, various methods of image segmentation and chosen segmentation method live-wire. Selected segments were processed in the ImageJ Java environment. In the cystic regions their basic statistical and shape properties were evaluated. The obtained values were used for learning the classification model (decision tree) in the environment RapidMiner. This model was used to create a plug-in for automatic classification of the type of cysts in the program ImageJ.

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Bainar, Petr. "Modelování rekonstrukce obrazu při CT RTG fluoroskopii." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220045.

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The aim of the thesis is to design and implement a simulator of image reconstruction during x-ray computed tomography fluoroscopy. Apart from quantitative evaluation of particular imaging process parameters influence, the intended program application will lie in optimization of these parameter values. Introductory part is focused on brief theoretical description of x-ray computed tomography imaging process. Emphasis is placed on fluoroscopy-specific approaches, particularly the division of scanned projections into chosen amount of sectors as well as fluoroscopic imaging process evaluation methods. The subsequent part deals with program implementation and its limitations and sketches the possible working framework. Moreover, one of the chapters is devoted to optimization of imaging process parameters measurement. The final part aims at impact analysis of particular process parameters as well as fluoroscopic imaging process optimization approaches. The thesis consists also of a didactic simulator enabling real-time intervention simulation with manual instrument manipulation. Since both simulators are intended for teaching purposes, the thesis is supplemented with a laboratory exercise draft.

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Glenday, Jonathan Daniel. "Biomechanical assessment of RTSA functional outcomes towards optimising the prosthesis configuration." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30031.

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Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) alleviates pain and restores function to patients with cuff tear arthropathies or massive rotator cuff tears. The procedure uses a semi-constrained prosthesis to reverse the orientation of the glenohumeral joint, thereby altering the biomechanics of the deltoid and allowing it to restore shoulder function in the presence of an irreparably damaged rotator cuff. However, there are complications that can impact long-term success of RTSA. Adaptations to the design and placement of the prosthesis have been investigated to address these complications and this has led medical device manufacturers to develop divergent implants. This divergence, as well as previous literature regarding RTSA biomechanics, suggest that a configuration that optimises reverse shoulder functional outcomes has yet to be determined and that it can be obtained by combining multiple modifications. A biomechanical assessment framework was established to characterise reverse shoulder function and the effect of modifying prosthesis configuration. It utilised the Newcastle Shoulder Model (NSM) and a custom-made impingement detection algorithm to simulate seven standardised motions that either elevated or rotated the humerus. Four outcome measures (deltoid elongation, deltoid moment arm, joint stability and impingement-free range of motion) were evaluated for each motion. The framework took anatomical variability into consideration by performing the simulations using a subject-specific reverse shoulder cohort. Further, 36 modified configurations of the prosthesis (based on offsets to the placement of glenosphere, humeral tray and greater tuberosity) were evaluated. The effect of each of these modifiable parameters on the outcome measures was characterised as beneficial, detrimental, or negligible, in comparison to a default prosthesis configuration. Seven of the most beneficial parameters were then selected for combination and evaluated using the assessment framework. Due to an antagonistic relationship between the outcome measures, and differing functional requirements of the motions, none of the configurations were able to simultaneously maximise all outcome measures. Rather, the optimised configuration (which inferiorly translated the glenosphere and posteromedially translated the humeral tray) provided balanced, moderate improvements to majority of the outcome measures. Overall, the deltoid did not excessively elongate, and deltoid moment arms, joint stability, and impingement-free range of motion improved by 17.9%, 57.1%, and 32.1%, respectively compared to the default configuration. Subsequently, comparisons between the effect of the default and optimised configurations on muscle fatigue and micromotion at the bone-implant interface were made. Muscle fatigue was assessed by adapting the NSM, and micromotion was assessed through a finite element analysis of a subset of the reverse shoulder cohort. The optimised configuration had a beneficial impact on the time to initiate muscle fatigue by decreasing the force required by the middle deltoid to initially elevate the humerus, and it had no appreciable effect on micromotion. In summary, an optimised RTSA configuration has been presented in this thesis. For a rotator cuff deficient reverse shoulder, the proposed configuration provided balanced, moderate improvements to majority of the functional outcomes. Additionally, the configuration was able to mitigate the effect of muscle fatigue and did not affect micromotion. Future studies should look to experimentally validate these findings, determine their clinical significance, and enhance both the assessment techniques and framework.

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Books on the topic "Rtga"

1

Mi rtag pa. [Lanzhou]: Kan-suʼu mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 2012.

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Nagarjuna, Siddha. Dbu ma rtsa ba śes rab rtsa ʼgrel bźugs. [Chengdu]: Si-khron mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1998.

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Daṇḍin. Sñan ṅag rtsa ʼgrel. 2nd ed. Xining Shi: Mtsho-sṅon mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1989.

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Chos-kyi-blo-gros, Mar-pa. Rtsa rluṅ ʼphrul ʼkhor. Chʻeng-tu: Si-khron mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1995.

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Ñam yig brgya rtsa. [Lanzhou]: Kan-suʼu mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1999.

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Shantideva, Acharya. Spyod ʼjug rtsa ʼgrel. Zi-liṅ: Mtsho-sṅon mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1995.

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Klon-chen Sñiṅ-thig rtsa pod =: Klong-chen Nying-thig rtsa pod. Bodhgaya, Bihar, India: Shechen Publications, 1994.

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Watson, L. M. RTA: Persons trapped. Halstead: Greenwave, 1990.

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Kun-bzaṅ-gźan-phan, Rdo-drub-rgan, ed. Yon tan mdzod rtsa ʼgrel. [Chengdu]: Si-khron mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1998.

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Dus rabs kyi ʼphar rtsa. Pe-cin: Mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rtga"

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Witney-Lagen, Caroline, Paolo Consigliere, Luis Natera, and Ofer Levy. "Stemless RTSA." In Shoulder Arthroplasty, 103–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19285-3_12.

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Bien, Christian G., Christian E. Elger, Ali R. Afzal, Sirajedin Natah, Ritva Häyrinen-Immonen, Yrjö Konttinen, George S. Zubenko, et al. "RTA." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 1874. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_8093.

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Bytyqi, Dafina, Musa Kafeloff, and Bujar Shabani. "Biomechanics of rTSA." In Shoulder Arthroplasty, 41–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19285-3_4.

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Conti, Marco, Valentina Spunton, and Roberto Fenini. "Postop Rehabilitation in rTSA." In Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty, 353–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97743-0_31.

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Vahlensieck, W., E. Sachs, and H. Sommerkamp. "Etacrynsäurebelastungstest bei RTA I." In Fortschritte der Urologie und Nephrologie, 96–100. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72416-9_22.

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Lopez, Natalia, Manuel Núñez, and Fernando L. Pelayo. "A Comparative Study of STOPA and RTPA." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 224–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87563-5_13.

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Baruah, Sanjoy, Marko Bertogna, and Giorgio Buttazzo. "Response Time Analysis: The [RTA] Test." In Embedded Systems, 155–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08696-5_17.

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Roche, Christopher P. "Exactech Equinoxe RTSA Platform Shoulder System Design Rationale." In Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty, 375–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20840-4_37.

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Sasaki, Tornio, K. Takakura, T. Wakamatsu, and T. Tsuboi. "Prevention of Experimental Vasospasm with Intermittent Intracisternal rtPA." In New Trends in Management of Cerebro-Vascular Malformations, 52–55. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9330-3_9.

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Donker, A. J. M., P. M. ter Wee, J. J. Weening, and J. M. Wilmink. "Hypokaliëmie door amfotericine-B (rta type I)." In Nierziekten en milieu intérieur – een werkboek, 124–25. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6387-2_38.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rtga"

1

Dong, Q., J. Kull, and M. M. Mench. "Real-Time Species Distribution Profiling in PEFCs." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59499.

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Knowledge of the species, current, and high frequency resistance distributions within a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is critical to enable prediction of the local performance and accurately quantify various species transport parameters. In micro and portable fuel cell systems, precise knowledge of steady state and dynamic water transport is especially important. This paper examines the distributed prifile of water vapor and other gas phase species in a PEFC, using a novel real-time technique for in situ species distribution measurement within the reactant flow channels of an operating PEFC. This is accomplished with an Agilent Real-Time Gas Analyzer (RTGA) that enables continuous profiling of changing species mole fractions at many locations along the anode and cathode flow paths, and enables detailed understanding of the time scales of the various multi-phase dynamic transport phenomena. Additionally, the periodic presence of liquid water droplets in the cathode can be observed at high current density with this technique.

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Hosseini, A., W. J. F. Standring, J. E. Brown, M. Dowdall, and I. B. Amundsen. "Environmental Assessment of Decommissioning Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTG) in Northwest Russia." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7059.

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This article presents some results from assessment work conducted as part of a joint Norwegian-Russian project to decommission radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) in Northwest Russia. Potential worst case accident scenarios, based on the decommissioning procedures for RTGs, were assessed to study possible radiation effects to the environment. Close contact with exposed RTG sources will result in detrimental health effects. However, doses to marine biota from ingestion of radioactivity under the worst-case marine scenario studied were lower than threshold limits given in IAEA literature.

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Dassoulas, John, and Ralph L. McNutt. "RTGs on Transit." In SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-STAIF 2007: 11th Conf Thermophys.Applic.in Micrograv.; 24th Symp Space Nucl.Pwr.Propulsion; 5th Conf Hum/Robotic Techn & Vision Space Explor.; 5th Symp Space Coloniz.; 4th Symp New Frontrs & Future Con. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2437456.

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Shteingart, Semyon, Andrew W. Nagle, and John Grason. "RTG." In the 22nd ACM/IEEE conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/317825.317999.

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Kosaka, Yusuke, Shu Murakami, Thomas Laurent, Kento Goto, and Motomichi Toyama. "RTA." In the 21st International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3105831.3105852.

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"RTCA / EUROCAE CNS activities." In 2016 Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance (ICNS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsurv.2016.7486428.

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Patel, Radhika J., Chi Zhang, and Yingxin Gao. "Strain Analysis in the Scapula After a Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80604.

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A reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is strongly suggested for patients who suffer from rotator cuff (RTC) arthropathy, where RTC deficiency causes abnormal loading leading to articular cartilage damage. Studies show that 47% of RTSA patients have rotator cuff arthropathy and 27% have some form of osteoarthritis (OA) [1].

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Woerner, David. "Next Generation RTGs for NASA." In 15th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4612.

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"RTCA SC-228 and DAA." In 2017 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsurv.2017.8012051.

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Henninger, Heath B., Robert T. Burks, and Robert Z. Tashjian. "Biomechanics of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14043.

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Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) provides significant pain relief and functional improvement in patients with a deficient rotator cuff, 4-part proximal humerus fracture, inflammatory arthritis or revision arthroplasty.[1, 2] As a non-anatomic procedure, rTSA transposes the ball and socket in the glenohumeral joint, allowing the deltoid to initiate elevation of the arm, provide stability and minimize shear forces acting at the glenoid surface.[3, 4]

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Reports on the topic "Rtga"

1

Schock, Alfred. Mars Rover RTG Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033348.

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Schock, Alfred. Mars Rover RTG Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033388.

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Schock, Alfred. Mars Rover RTG Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033423.

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Kelly, C. E., and P. M. Klee. Cassini RTG acceptance test results and RTG performance on Galileo and Ulysses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/481894.

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Schock, Alfred. RTGs Options for Pluto Fast Flyby Mission. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033374.

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Schock, Alfred, M. Shirbacheh, and V. Sankarankandath. Requirements and Designs for Mars Rover RTGs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033420.

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Slocum, Christine E., and Ann E. Brodeen. Real-Time News Analysis (RTNA) Scraper Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473948.

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Mulford, Roberta Nancy. Radioisotopic Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) Surveillance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329647.

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Schock, Alfred, Heros Noravian, and Chuen T. Or. Coupled Thermal and Electrical Analysis of Obstructed RTGs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033395.

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Schock, Alfred, Chuen T. Or, and Emanuel A. Skrabek. Thermal and Electrical Analysis of Mars Rover RTGs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033421.

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