Journal articles: 'Rtga'

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Fedorov, Artem Yu, and Oleg P. Zhirnov. "Method for evaluating the neuraminidase activity of receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) compounds using the influenza virus." Problems of Virology, Russian journal 65, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-2-113-118.

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Introduction. The classic hemagglutination inhibition reaction (RTGA) is used to determine the level of antiviral antibodies in human and animal serum specimens. During the performance of RTGA the tested sera must be treated with a receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) to remove serum glycans that degrade the accuracy of the RTGA results. To optimize the amounts of RDE compounds used, it is necessary to know their real neuraminidase activity. This article describes a simple and economical method for testing the neuraminidase activity of receptor-destroying compounds using standard reagents and laboratory equipment.Aims of investigation. Design of an improved simple and convenient method for evaluating the neuraminidase activity using the flu virus.Material and methods. Here, we propose a convenient method for evaluating the activity of neuraminidase by double-fold dilution procedure with human or animal erythrocytes followed by hemagglutination assay with influenza A virus.Results and discussion. The method is based on the ability of neuraminidase to hydrolyze sialic acid residues on the cell surface of erythrocytes, that deprives red blood cells to be agglutinated with the flu virus, since these sialic glycans provide virus attachment and hemagglutination.Conclusion. The designed method allows the accurate measurement of the receptor-destroying (neuraminidase) activity of RDE compounds and the comparison of the compounds with each other. This test is necessary to optimize the RTGA protocol when monitoring blood sera of animals and humans after influenza infection and/or Acute Respiratory diseases (ARD). The designed method can be included in the guidelines of regulations for the RTGA protocol, which is used in different laboratories to monitor the epidemic process of influenza and ARD infections.

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Chelstowska, Anna, Yankai Jia, Beverly Rothermel, and Ronald A. Butow. "Retrograde regulation: a novel path of communication between mitochondria, the nucleus, and peroxisomes in yeast." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-247.

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Alterations in mitochondrial function result in changes in nuclear gene expression, a process we have called retrograde regulation. Here we summarize studies on the effects of the mitochondrial state on expression of the C1T2 gene, which encodes citrate synthase 2, an enzyme that functions in the glyoxylate cycle and is located in peroxisomes. Various defective mitochondria result in up to a 30-fold transcriptional activation of the gene, a process which could provide additional citrate to mitochondria when the TCA cycle is limiting. We have identified three new genes, RTG1, RTG2, and RTG3, that are required for C1T2 expression. RTG1 and RTG3 encode basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors that bind to the 5′ flanking region of C1T2. RTG2 is a protein of unknown function. Both RTG1 and RTG2 are also required for oleic acid induction of peroxisomes. These studies reveal a complex pattern of interorganelle communication among mitochondria, the nucleus and peroxisomes. Key words: yeast, mitochondria, peroxisomes, organelle communication.

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Guaragnella, Nicoletta, Gennaro Agrimi, Pasquale Scarcia, Clelia Suriano, Isabella Pisano, Antonella Bobba, Cristina Mazzoni, Luigi Palmieri, and Sergio Giannattasio. "RTG Signaling Sustains Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in HOG1-Dependent Osmoadaptation." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091894.

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Mitochondrial RTG-dependent retrograde signaling, whose regulators have been characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, plays a recognized role under various environmental stresses. Of special significance, the activity of the transcriptional complex Rtg1/3 has been shown to be modulated by Hog1, the master regulator of the high osmolarity glycerol pathway, in response to osmotic stress. The present work focuses on the role of RTG signaling in salt-induced osmotic stress and its interaction with HOG1. Wild-type and mutant cells, lacking HOG1 and/or RTG genes, are compared with respect to cell growth features, retrograde signaling activation and mitochondrial function in the presence and in the absence of high osmostress. We show that RTG2, the main upstream regulator of the RTG pathway, contributes to osmoadaptation in an HOG1-dependent manner and that, with RTG3, it is notably involved in a late phase of growth. Our data demonstrate that impairment of RTG signaling causes a decrease in mitochondrial respiratory capacity exclusively under osmostress. Overall, these results suggest that HOG1 and the RTG pathway may interact sequentially in the stress signaling cascade and that the RTG pathway may play a role in inter-organellar metabolic communication for osmoadaptation.

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Ruiz-Roig, Clàudia, Núria Noriega, Alba Duch, Francesc Posas, and Eulàlia de Nadal. "The Hog1 SAPK controls the Rtg1/Rtg3 transcriptional complex activity by multiple regulatory mechanisms." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 21 (November 2012): 4286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0289.

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Cells modulate expression of nuclear genes in response to alterations in mitochondrial function, a response termed retrograde (RTG) regulation. In budding yeast, the RTG pathway relies on Rtg1 and Rtg3 basic helix-loop-helix leucine Zipper transcription factors. Exposure of yeast to external hyperosmolarity activates the Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), which is a key player in the regulation of gene expression upon stress. Several transcription factors, including Sko1, Hot1, the redundant Msn2 and Msn4, and Smp1, have been shown to be directly controlled by the Hog1 SAPK. The mechanisms by which Hog1 regulates their activity differ from one to another. In this paper, we show that Rtg1 and Rtg3 transcription factors are new targets of the Hog1 SAPK. In response to osmostress, RTG-dependent genes are induced in a Hog1-dependent manner, and Hog1 is required for Rtg1/3 complex nuclear accumulation. In addition, Hog1 activity regulates Rtg1/3 binding to chromatin and transcriptional activity. Therefore Hog1 modulates Rtg1/3 complex activity by multiple mechanisms in response to stress. Overall our data suggest that Hog1, through activation of the RTG pathway, contributes to ensure mitochondrial function as part of the Hog1-mediated osmoadaptive response.

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Komeili, Arash, Karen P. Wedaman, Erin K. O'Shea, and Ted Powers. "Mechanism of Metabolic Control." Journal of Cell Biology 151, no. 4 (November 13, 2000): 863–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.151.4.863.

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De novo biosynthesis of amino acids uses intermediates provided by the TCA cycle that must be replenished by anaplerotic reactions to maintain the respiratory competency of the cell. Genome-wide expression analyses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveal that many of the genes involved in these reactions are repressed in the presence of the preferred nitrogen sources glutamine or glutamate. Expression of these genes in media containing urea or ammonia as a sole nitrogen source requires the heterodimeric bZip transcription factors Rtg1 and Rtg3 and correlates with a redistribution of the Rtg1p/Rtg3 complex from a predominantly cytoplasmic to a predominantly nuclear location. Nuclear import of the complex requires the cytoplasmic protein Rtg2, a previously identified upstream regulator of Rtg1 and Rtg3, whereas export requires the importin-β-family member Msn5. Remarkably, nuclear accumulation of Rtg1/Rtg3, as well as expression of their target genes, is induced by addition of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinases. We demonstrate further that Rtg3 is a phosphoprotein and that its phosphorylation state changes after rapamycin treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that target of rapamycin signaling regulates specific anaplerotic reactions by coupling nitrogen quality to the activity and subcellular localization of distinct transcription factors.

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Liu, Zhengchang, and Ronald A. Butow. "A Transcriptional Switch in the Expression of Yeast Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Genes in Response to a Reduction or Loss of Respiratory Function." Molecular and Cellular Biology 19, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 6720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.19.10.6720.

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ABSTRACT The Hap2,3,4,5p transcription complex is required for expression of many mitochondrial proteins that function in electron transport and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. We show that as the cells’ respiratory function is reduced or eliminated, the expression of four TCA cycle genes, CIT1, ACO1, IDH1, andIDH2, switches from HAP control to control by three genes, RTG1, RTG2, and RTG3. The expression of four additional TCA cycle genes downstream ofIDH1 and IDH2 is independent of theRTG genes. We have previously shown that theRTG genes control the retrograde pathway, defined as a change in the expression of a subset of nuclear genes, e.g., the glyoxylate cycle CIT2 gene, in response to changes in the functional state of mitochondria. We show that thecis-acting sequence controlling RTG-dependent expression of CIT1 includes an R box element, GTCAC, located 70 bp upstream of the Hap2,3,4,5p binding site in theCIT1 upstream activation sequence. The R box is a binding site for Rtg1p-Rtg3p, a heterodimeric, basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper transcription factor complex. We propose that in cells with compromised mitochondrial function, the RTG genes take control of the expression of genes leading to the synthesis of α-ketoglutarate to ensure that sufficient glutamate is available for biosynthetic processes and that increased flux of the glyoxylate cycle, via elevated CIT2 expression, provides a supply of metabolites entering the TCA cycle sufficient to support anabolic pathways. Glutamate is a potent repressor of RTG-dependent expression of genes encoding both mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial proteins, suggesting that it is a specific feedback regulator of the RTG system.

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Guaragnella, Nicoletta, Mariarita Stirpe, Domenico Marzulli, Cristina Mazzoni, and Sergio Giannattasio. "Acid Stress Triggers Resistance to Acetic Acid-Induced Regulated Cell Death through Hog1 Activation Which Requires RTG2 in Yeast." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (February 25, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4651062.

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Acid stress causes resistance to acetic acid-induced regulated cell death (AA-RCD) in budding yeast, resulting in catalase activation. In order to explore the molecular determinants of evasion of AA-RCD triggered by acid stress adaptation, we studied the involvement and the possible interplay of the master regulator of transcription high-osmolarity glycerol 1 (HOG1) and RTG2, a positive regulator of the RTG-dependent mitochondrial retrograde signaling. Viability, DNA fragmentation, and ROS accumulation have been analyzed in wild-type and mutant cells lacking HOG1 and/or RTG2. Catalase activity and transcription of CTT1 and CTA1, coding the cytosolic and peroxisomal/mitochondrial catalase, respectively, as well as Hog1 phosphorylation, were also analyzed. Our results show that HOG1 is essential for resistance to AA-RCD and its activation results in the upregulation of CTT1, but not CTA1, transcription during acid stress adaptation. RTG2 is required for Hog1-dependent CTT1 upregulation upon acid stress, despite failure of RTG pathway activation. We give evidence that Rtg2 has a cytoprotective role and can act as a general cell stress sensor independent of Rtg1/3-dependent transcription.

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Bhattacharyya, Saumitri, Michael L. Rolfsmeier, Michael J. Dixon, Kara Wagoner, and Robert S. Lahue. "Identification of RTG2 as a Modifier Gene for CTG·CAG Repeat Instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 162, no. 2 (October 1, 2002): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/162.2.579.

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Abstract Trinucleotide repeats (TNRs) undergo frequent mutations in families affected by TNR diseases and in model organisms. Much of the instability is conferred in cis by the sequence and length of the triplet tract. Trans-acting factors also modulate TNR instability risk, on the basis of such evidence as parent-of-origin effects. To help identify trans-acting modifiers, a screen was performed to find yeast mutants with altered CTG·CAG repeat mutation frequencies. The RTG2 gene was identified as one such modifier. In rtg2 mutants, expansions of CTG·CAG repeats show a modest increase in rate, depending on the starting tract length. Surprisingly, contractions were suppressed in an rtg2 background. This creates a situation in a model system where expansions outnumber contractions, as in humans. The rtg2 phenotype was apparently specific for CTG·CAG repeat instability, since no changes in mutation rate were observed for dinucleotide repeats or at the CAN1 reporter gene. This feature sets rtg2 mutants apart from most other mutants that affect genetic stability both for TNRs and at other DNA sequences. It was also found that RTG2 acts independently of its normal partners RTG1 and RTG3, suggesting a novel function of RTG2 that helps modify CTG·CAG repeat mutation risk.

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Malchikov, I. A., A. V. Slobodenyuk, I. V. Vyalykh, A. Yu Markaran, Yu V. Grigorieva, Yu Yu Burtseva, and I. P. Malchikova. "Population immunity for influenza in population of Sverdlovsk Region in epidemic season of 2018–2019." Medical alphabet, no. 18 (September 24, 2020): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2020-18-26-28.

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Donor blood serum was tested to detect antibodies against circulating influenza viruses. The titer of specific antibodies was determined in the hemagglutination inhibition test (RTGA) against influenza viruses A/California/07/09(H1N1) pdm09, A/HongKong/4801/14(H3N2) and B/Brisben/46/15. In the pre-epidemic period 2018–2019, the immune layer of people with conditionally protective titers of antiviral antibodies was detected in terms of the lowest to A(H3N2) virus (50.0 %), the highest to influenza B (85.4 %). In the post-epidemic season of 2018–2019, the immune layer to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus did not change significantly, which could indicate the preservation of the activity of this virus in the adult population; an increase in the immune layer of individuals with protective titers of antibodies to influenza A(H3N2) – 67.4 % and a decrease in influenza B virus – 49.2 %. A comparison of the results of laboratory data carried out in the pre- and post-epidemic seasons revealed significant differences in the number of people with average antibody titers against influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses (p < 0.05).

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Reichel, Franz, Christoph Peter, Volker Ewerbeck, and Marcus Egermann. "Reducing Blood Loss in Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Tranexamic Acid Is Effective in Aseptic Revisions and in Second-Stage Reimplantations for Periprosthetic Infection." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 15, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3891870.

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Introduction. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of tranexamic acid (TXA) in revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) and revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). We analyzed the perioperative blood loss with and without TXA in aseptic rTHA and rTKA as well as in second-stage reimplantation for hip and knee periprosthetic infection. Materials and Methods. In this prospective cohort study, 147 patients receiving TXA (96 rTHA, 51 rTKA) were compared to a retrospective cohort of 155 patients without TXA (103 rTHA, 52 rTKA). The TXA regimen consisted of a preoperative bolus of 10 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) TXA plus 1 mg/kgBW/h perioperatively. Given blood products were documented and the perioperative blood loss was calculated. Thromboembolic events were registered until three months postoperatively. In subgroups, the effects of TXA were separately analyzed in 215 aseptic revisions as well as in 87 reimplantations in two-stage revisions for periprosthetic infection. Results. Both TXA groups showed a significantly reduced mean blood loss compared to the respective control groups. The TXA group of rTHA patients had a mean blood loss of 2916 ml ± 1226 ml versus 3611 ml ± 1474 ml in the control group (p<.001). For the TXA group of rTKA patients, mean calculated blood loss was 2756 ml ± 975 ml compared to 3441 ml ± 1100 ml in the control group (p=.0012). A significantly reduced blood loss was also found in the TXA subgroups for aseptic and septic revision procedures. No thromboembolic events were recorded among the TXA groups. Conclusions. There is a significant reduction of perioperative blood loss under TXA influence without an increased incidence of adverse events. The standard use of TXA can be recommended in aseptic hip and knee revision arthroplasties as well as in second-stage reimplantations for periprosthetic infection.

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Hashim, Zanariah, Yukio Mukai, Takeshi Bamba, and Eiichiro Fukusaki. "Metabolic Profiling of Retrograde Pathway Transcription Factors Rtg1 and Rtg3 Knockout Yeast." Metabolites 4, no. 3 (July 8, 2014): 580–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo4030580.

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Sutovskaya, Diana V., Alla V. Burlutskaya, Larisa V. Dubova, Daria R. Krylova, and Olga G. Korobkina. "Immunological Protection Against Vaccine-Preventable Infections (Hepatitis B, Measles, Rubella, Mumps, Diphtheria, Tetanus) of Russian and Foreign Students: A Simultaneous Study." Pediatric pharmacology 16, no. 6 (February 22, 2020): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/pf.v16i6.2074.

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The increase in the incidence of vaccine-preventable infections is due to the low level of immunological protection of the population, which against the background of active migration processes can determine high risks of outbreaks of infectious diseases and the development of epidemics. To study the tension of post-vaccination immunity to hepatitis B, measles, rubella, mumps, diphtheria, tetanus among Russian and foreign students studying in a Russian university. The study included students who received a full course of vaccination and revaccination for hepatitis B, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, rubella and mumps in accordance with the National Calendar of the Russian Federation (including students from Turkmenistan and Syria), similar immunization programs in Israel (students from Jordan and Palestine) and Tajikistan who did not have (according to medical records) these infections in the past. Evaluation of the state of immunity was carried out by determining antibodies by ELISA (hepatitis B virus and rubella), RPHA (tetanus and diphtheria toxoids) and RTGA (mumps and measles virus). The minimum protective level of antibodies was established when their concentration to HBsAg > 0.01 IU/ml, rubella virus > 10 IU/ml, titer to tetanus toxoid 1:20; diphtheria toxoid 1:40, mumps virus 1:10, measles 1: 4. 40 Russian and 63 foreign students were examined. The minimum protective level of antibodies and higher against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids has been established for all students, for hepatitis B — only for Russian students. The minimum protective level of antibodies to measles among Russian students was absent in 5 (13%), against mumps — 4 (10%), and rubella — 2 (5%) cases. Among foreign students, an insufficient level of antibodies to hepatitis B was recorded in 18 (29%), for measles — 19 (30%), for mumps — 15 (24%), for rubella — 4 (6%) cases. Insufficient protection of Russian and foreign students to measles, rubella and mumps was established, only foreign students to hepatitis B.

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Torelli, Nicole Quesada, José Ribamar Ferreira-Júnior, Alicia J. Kowaltowski, and Fernanda Marques da Cunha. "RTG1- and RTG2-dependent retrograde signaling controls mitochondrial activity and stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 81 (April 2015): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.025.

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Lin, Selena Y., Adam Zhang, Jessica Lian, Jeremy Wang, Ting-Tsung Chang, Yih-Jyh Lin, Wei Song, and Ying-Hsiu Su. "Recurrent HBV Integration Targets as Potential Drivers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Cells 10, no. 6 (May 23, 2021): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10061294.

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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the major etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), frequently with HBV integrating into the host genome. HBV integration, found in 85% of HBV-associated HCC (HBV–HCC) tissue samples, has been suggested to be oncogenic. Here, we investigated the potential of HBV–HCC driver identification via the characterization of recurrently targeted genes (RTGs). A total of 18,596 HBV integration sites from our in-house study and others were analyzed. RTGs were identified by applying three criteria: at least two HCC subjects, reported by at least two studies, and the number of reporting studies. A total of 396 RTGs were identified. Among the 28 most frequent RTGs, defined as affected in at least 10 HCC patients, 23 (82%) were associated with carcinogenesis and 5 (18%) had no known function. Available breakpoint positions from the three most frequent RTGs, TERT, MLL4/KMT2B, and PLEKHG4B, were analyzed. Mutual exclusivity of TERT promoter mutation and HBV integration into TERT was observed. We present an RTG consensus through comprehensive analysis to enable the potential identification and discovery of HCC drivers for drug development and disease management.

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Alasali, Feras, Antonio Luque, Rayner Mayer, and William Holderbaum. "A Comparative Study of Energy Storage Systems and Active Front Ends for Networks of Two Electrified RTG Cranes." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091771.

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The global consumerism trend and the increase in worldwide population is increasing the need to improve the efficiency of marine container transportation. The high operating costs, pollution and noise of the diesel yard equipment is leading sea ports to move towards replacing diesel RTG cranes with electric Rubber Tyre Gantry (RTG) cranes which offer reduced environmental impact and higher energy efficiency. However, ports will require smarter solutions to meet the increased demand on the electrical distribution network due to the electrification of RTGs. This paper aims to highlight the peak demand problem in the two electrical cranes network and attempts to increase the energy saving at ports by using two different technologies: Energy Storage System (ESS) and Active Front End (AFE). This article introduces one of the first extensive investigations into different networks of RTG crane models and compares the benefits of using either AFE or ESS. The proposed RTG crane models and network parameters are validated using data collected at the Port of Felixstowe, UK. The results of the proposed RTG cranes network show a significant peak demand reduction and energy cost saving.

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Crespo, J. L., T. Powers, B. Fowler, and M. N. Hall. "The TOR-controlled transcription activators GLN3, RTG1, and RTG3 are regulated in response to intracellular levels of glutamine." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, no. 10 (May 7, 2002): 6784–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.102687599.

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Liao, Xinsheng, and Ronald A. Butow. "RTG1 and RTG2: Two yeast genes required for a novel path of communication from mitochondria to the nucleus." Cell 72, no. 1 (January 1993): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90050-z.

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Wang, Yingxu. "RTPA." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 2, no. 2 (April 2008): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2008040103.

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Sigmund, Irene K., Martin A. McNally, Markus Luger, Christoph Böhler, Reinhard Windhager, and Irene Sulzbacher. "Diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil counts in histopathological tissue analysis in periprosthetic joint infection using the ICM, IDSA, and EBJIS criteria." Bone & Joint Research 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 536–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.108.bjr-2021-0058.r1.

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Aims Histology is an established tool in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Different thresholds, using various infection definitions and histopathological criteria, have been described. This study determined the performance of different thresholds of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (≥ 5 PMN/HPF, ≥ 10 PMN/HPF, ≥ 23 PMN/10 HPF) , when using the European Bone and Joint Infection Society (EBJIS), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the International Consensus Meeting (ICM) 2018 criteria for PJI. Methods A total of 119 patients undergoing revision total hip (rTHA) or knee arthroplasty (rTKA) were included. Permanent histology sections of periprosthetic tissue were evaluated under high power (400× magnification) and neutrophils were counted per HPF. The mean neutrophil count in ten HPFs was calculated (PMN/HPF). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the z-test, thresholds were compared. Results Using the EBJIS criteria, a cut-off of ≥ five PMN/HPF showed a sensitivity of 93% (95% confidence interval (CI) 81 to 98) and specificity of 84% (95% CI 74 to 91). The optimal threshold when applying the IDSA and ICM criteria was ≥ ten PMN/HPF with sensitivities of 94% (95% CI 79 to 99) and 90% (95% CI 76 to 97), and specificities of 86% (95% CI 77 to 92) and 92% (95% CI 84 to 97), respectively. In rTKA, a better performance of histopathological analysis was observed in comparison with rTHA when using the IDSA criteria (p < 0.001). Conclusion With high accuracy, histopathological analysis can be supported as a confirmatory criterion in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infections. A threshold of ≥ five PMN/HPF can be recommended to distinguish between septic and aseptic loosening, with an increased possibility of detecting more infections caused by low-virulence organisms. However, neutrophil counts between one and five should be considered suggestive of infection and interpreted carefully in conjunction with other diagnostic test methods. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(8):536–547.

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Zhang, Qi, Xuandong Li, Linzhang Wang, Tian Zhang, Yi Wang, and Zili Shao. "Lazy-RTGC." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 20, no. 3 (June 24, 2015): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2746236.

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Farooq, Muhammad A., Tammy M. Pracheil, Zhejun Dong, Fei Xiao, and Zhengchang Liu. "Mitochondrial DNA Instability in Cells Lacking Aconitase Correlates with Iron Citrate Toxicity." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/493536.

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Aconitase, the second enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle encoded byACO1in the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate.aco1Δ results in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) instability. It has been proposed that Aco1 binds to mtDNA and mediates its maintenance. Here we propose an alternative mechanism to account for mtDNA loss inaco1Δ mutant cells. We found thataco1Δ activated the RTG pathway, resulting in increased expression of genes encoding citrate synthase. By deletingRTG1,RTG3, or genes encoding citrate synthase, mtDNA instability was prevented inaco1Δ mutant cells. Increased activity of citrate synthase leads to iron accumulation in the mitochondria. Mutations inMRS3andMRS4, encoding two mitochondrial iron transporters, also prevented mtDNA loss due toaco1Δ. Mitochondria are the main source of superoxide radicals, which are converted to H2O2through two superoxide dismutases, Sod1 and Sod2. H2O2in turn reacts with Fe2+to generate very active hydroxyl radicals. We found that loss of Sod1, but not Sod2, prevents mtDNA loss inaco1Δ mutant cells. We propose that mtDNA loss inaco1Δ mutant cells is caused by the activation of the RTG pathway and subsequent iron citrate accumulation and toxicity.

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Kulwin, Robert, and Steven L. Haddad. "Restoration of Talar Height, Alignment, and Implant Survival after Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty with Minimum 2-Year Follow-up." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00310.

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Category: Ankle Arthritis; Ankle; Other Introduction/Purpose: With the introduction of improved implants and long-term outcome data, total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is becoming an increasingly common surgical treatment for end-stage ankle osteoarthritis. However, the treatment of a failed primary TAA remains a significant challenge. Ankle arthrodesis as a salvage procedure results in high rates of non-union and collapse. Revision arthroplasty is an alternative to arthrodesis, but there is little published data on the outcomes of revision total ankle arthroplasty (RTAA). This study presents 2-year outcomes after RTAA using a modular prosthesis and metal/cement augmentation to reconstitute talar height, as well as restore sagittal and coronal alignment. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on 23 patients who underwent RTAA after failed primary TAA. Demographic data, talar height, coronal and sagittal alignment, and range of motion pre-revision and at most recent follow up were recorded. Failure was defined as need for revision surgery during the follow up period. Radiographic measurements were performed on weight bearing lateral and AP radiographs. For Agility implants, measurement on weight-bearing computed tomography (WBCT) was required. The measurement methodology was performed on both radiographs and WBCT for validation and measurements were consistent across all implants. Results: Patient follow-up ranged from 2 to 3.9 years, with a mean of 2.56 years. 17 of 22 RTAA did not require further revision. Of the five failures, one was due to deep infection, four to subsidence of the talar component. For the 17 successful revisions, average pre-operative coronal malalignment was 3.8◦ (range 7.4◦ varus to 15◦ valgus), and average post-operative malalignment improved to 2.6◦ (range 0◦ varus to 7.9◦ valgus), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=.09). Average pre-operative sagittal malalignment was 8.7◦ (range 20.7◦ plantarflexion to 20.1◦ dorsiflexion), and average post-operative malalignment improved to 3.6◦ (range 8.3◦ plantarflexion to 9.3◦ dorsiflexion), which was statistically significant (p=.01). Talar height improved by 3.9mm (p< 0.001), and range of motion from 16.9◦ to 25.0◦ (p,0.001). Conclusion: At a minimum of two years of follow up, revision arthroplasty shows improved alignment, talar height, and range of motion. While the failure rate remains significantly higher than primary ankle arthroplasty, it is comparable or superior to that of conversion to arthrodesis. The complexity of RTTA varies greatly due to surgical risk, soft tissue quality, and residual bone stock amongst other factors, which limits the generalizability of this patient cohort. RTAA is a viable option for the salvage of failed primary TAA, with functional and radiographic improvements shown at mid-term follow-up.

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Epstein, Charles B., James A. Waddle, Walker Hale, Varshal Davé, Janet Thornton, Timothy L. Macatee, Harold R. Garner, and Ronald A. Butow. "Genome-wide Responses to Mitochondrial Dysfunction." Molecular Biology of the Cell 12, no. 2 (February 2001): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.12.2.297.

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Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to diverse cellular and organismal responses. We used DNA microarrays to characterize the transcriptional responses to different mitochondrial perturbations inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. We examined respiratory-deficient petite cells and respiratory-competent wild-type cells treated with the inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation antimycin, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, or oligomycin. We show that respiratory deficiency, but not inhibition of mitochondrial ATP synthesis per se, induces a suite of genes associated with both peroxisomal activities and metabolite-restoration (anaplerotic) pathways that would mitigate the loss of a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle. The array data suggested, and direct microscopic observation of cells expressing a derivative of green fluorescent protein with a peroxisomal matrix-targeting signal confirmed, that respiratory deficiency dramatically induces peroxisome biogenesis. Transcript profiling of cells harboring null alleles ofRTG1, RTG2, or RTG3, genes known to control signaling from mitochondria to the nucleus, suggests that there are multiple pathways of cross-talk between these organelles in yeast.

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Jeong, Ji-Hyun, Hideki Kawai, Young-Bok Kim, Ji-Sung Jang, and Heon-Meen Bae. "Development of Guide Line Position Measurement System using a Camera for RTGC Tracking Control." Journal of the Korea Society For Power System Engineering 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2011): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9726/kspse.2011.15.1.072.

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Llana, Luis, and Manuel Núuñez. "Testing Semantics for RTPA." Fundamenta Informaticae 90, no. 3 (2009): 305–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2009-0020.

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Wang, Yingxu. "Deductive Semantics of RTPA." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 2, no. 2 (April 2008): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2008040106.

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Brahams, Diana. "Alteplase (rtPA) Patent Case." Lancet 332, no. 8622 (November 1988): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90865-3.

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Massel, David. "CONCOMITANT NITROGLYCERIN AND rTPA." American Heart Journal 133, no. 6 (June 1997): 713–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8703(97)70176-5.

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Syndikus, Isabel, Alison Tree, John Staffurth, Helen Mayles, Olivia Frances Naismith, Amir Montazeri, and Emma Hall. "PIVOTALboost Trial contouring RTQA." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.373.

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373 Background: The PIVOTALboost trial (ISRCTN80146950) recruits patients with intermediate and high risk, localised prostate cancer; it tests the role of pelvic node radiotherapy and the effectiveness of a focal intra-prostate IMRT boost. Prior to opening to recruitment a contouring QA program was designed aiming to improve consistency in clinical outlining. Methods: Intra-prostatic boosting was a new treatment method for all but 3 trial centers. Guidelines for boost contouring and pelvic node outlining were circulated. Clinicians were sent two different cases with the clinical case description, biopsy details, the diagnostic pre-biopsy multi-parametric MRI (T2W and DWI sequences) and planning CT and MRI scans. They were asked to contour prostate, seminal vesicle (CTVp, CTVpsv), lymph node (CTVn) for 1 case and boost volume (GTVpb) for both cases. The 3 lead trial clinicians contoured the cases independently, agreed on gold standard outlines and criteria for failing the submission. Center’ benchmark case submissions were reviewed and standardized feedback forms returned to each clinician. General issues were addressed during a trial launch workshop. Results: There was good agreement of the contours for CTVp, CTVpsv and CTVn between the 3 lead clinicians for the gold standard; more discussions were required to agree GTVpb. Criteria for re-submission were: contours >6mm beyond or >3mm inside the superior and inferior level, included OARs, excluded SV base or extracapsular extension. In addition, for GTVpb, the wrong segment, extension outside CTVp, outlining abnormalities <5mm in diameter or a volume > or < 50% of the gold standard. 35 center and 54 clinicians submitted outlines: for CTVp/psv 24/54 failed, CTVn 14/54 failed, GTVpb 23/48 failed (6 investigators did not submit a volume). All center passed the re-submission; for the on trial outlining review, 9 centres have not recruited a patient for the on trial review process, 18 passed and 8 failed. Conclusions: Errors and inconsistencies were common in the benchmark outlining exercises for the trial. Individual feedback, guidelines and clinical support has reduced outlining variations without delaying the opening of the trial; it has helped to standardize contouring and engage clinicians in the trial process. Clinical trial information: 80146950.

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Morimoto, Mitsuru, and Raphael Kopan. "rtTA toxicity limits the usefulness of the SP-C-rtTA transgenic mouse." Developmental Biology 325, no. 1 (January 2009): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.10.013.

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Giesl, Jürgen. "RTA 2005." Information and Computation 205, no. 4 (April 2007): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ic.2006.12.001.

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Kawai, Hideki, Young-Bok Kim, and Yong-Woon Choi. "Development of a Camera-based Position Measurement System for the RTGC with Environment Conditions." Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems 17, no. 9 (September 1, 2011): 892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2011.17.9.892.

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Brazill, Derrick T., Lowell R. Meyer, R. Diane Hatton, Debra A. Brock, and Richard H. Gomer. "ABC transporters required for endocytosis and endosomal pH regulation inDictyostelium." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 21 (November 1, 2001): 3923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.21.3923.

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In Dictyostelium, the RtoA protein links both initial cell-type choice and physiological state to cell-cycle phase. rtoA– cells (containing a disruption of the rtoA gene) generally do not develop past the mound stage, and have an abnormal ratio of prestalk and prespore cells. RtoA is also involved in fusion of endocytic/exocytic vesicles. Cells lacking RtoA, although having a normal endocytosis rate, have a decreased exocytosis rate and endosomes with abnormally low pHs. RtoA levels vary during the cell cycle, causing a cell-cycle-dependent modulation of parameters such as cytosolic pH (Brazill et al., 2000). To uncover other genes involved in the RtoA-mediated differentiation, we identified genetic suppressors of rtoA. One of these suppressors disrupted two genes, mdrA1 and mdrA2, a tandem duplication encoding two members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. Disruption of mdrA1/mdrA2 results in release from the developmental block and suppression of the defect in initial cell type choice caused by loss of the rtoA gene. However, this is not accomplished by re-establishing the link between cell type choice and cell cycle phase. MdrA1 protein is localized to the endosome. mdrA1–/mdrA2– cells (containing a disruption of these genes) have an endocytosis rate roughly 70% that of wild-type or rtoA– cells, whereas mdrA1–/mdrA2–/rtoA– cells have an endocytosis rate roughly 20% that of wild-type. The exocytosis rates of mdrA1–/mdrA2– and mdrA1–/mdrA2–/rtoA– are roughly that of wild-type. mdrA1–/mdrA2– endosomes have an unusually high pH, whereas mdrA1–/mdrA2–/rtoA– endosomes have an almost normal pH. The ability of mdrA1/mdrA2 disruption to rescue the cell-type proportion, developmental defects, and endosomal pH defects caused by rtoA disruption, and the ability of rtoA disruption to exacerbate the endocytosis defects caused by mdrA1/mdrA2 disruption, suggest a genetic interaction between rtoA, mdrA1 and mdrA2.

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Cocke, Charles, Jay Dawes, and Robin Marc Orr. "The Use of 2 Conditioning Programs and the Fitness Characteristics of Police Academy Cadets." Journal of Athletic Training 51, no. 11 (November 1, 2016): 887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.8.06.

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Context: Police academy training must physically prepare cadets for the rigors of their occupational tasks to prevent injury and allow them to adequately perform their duties. Objective: To compare the effects of 2 physical training programs on multiple fitness measures in police cadets. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Police training academy. Patients or Other Participants: We collected data from 70 male (age = 27.4 ± 5.9 years, body weight = 85.4 ± 11.8 kg) and 20 female (age = 30.5 ± 5.8 years, body weight = 62.8 ± 11.0 kg) police cadets and analyzed data from 61 male cadets (age = 27.5 ± 5.5 years, body weight = 87.7 ± 13.2 kg). Intervention(s): Participants completed one of two 6-month training programs. The randomized training group (RTG; n = 50), comprising 4 separate and sequential groups (n = 13, n = 11, n = 13, n = 13), completed a randomized training program that incorporated various strength and endurance exercises chosen on the day of training. The periodized group (PG; n = 11) completed a periodized training program that alternated specific phases of training. Main Outcome Measure(s): Anthropometric fitness measures were body weight, fat mass, and lean body mass. Muscular and metabolic fitness measures were 1-repetition maximum bench press, push-up and sit-up repetitions performed in 1 minute, vertical jump, 300-m sprint, and 2.4-km run. Results: The RTG demonstrated improvements in all outcome measures between pretraining and posttraining; however, the improvements varied among the 4 individual RTGs. Conversely, the PG displayed improvements in only 3 outcome measures (push-ups, sit-ups, and 300-m sprint) but approached the level of significance set for this study (P < .01) in body weight, fat mass, and 1-repetition maximum bench press. Conclusions: Regardless of format, physical training programs can improve the fitness of tactical athletes. In general, physical fitness measures appeared to improve more in the RTG than in the PG. However, this observation varied among groups, and injury rates were not compared.

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Chen, Huai-An, Yunn-Hwa Ma, Tzu-Yuan Hsu, and Jyh-Ping Chen. "Preparation of Peptide and Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Conjugated Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) Magnetic Nanoparticles for Dual Targeted Thrombolytic Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082690.

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Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only thrombolytic agent that has been approved by the FDA for treatment of ischemic stroke. However, a high dose intravenous infusion is required to maintain effective drug concentration, owing to the short half-life of the thrombolytic drug, whereas a momentous limitation is the risk of bleeding. We envision a dual targeted strategy for rtPA delivery will be feasible to minimize the required dose of rtPA for treatment. For this purpose, rtPA and fibrin-avid peptide were co-immobilized to poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) magnetic nanoparticles (PMNP) to prepare peptide/rtPA conjugated PMNPs (pPMNP-rtPA). During preparation, PMNP was first surface modified with avidin, which could interact with biotin. This is followed by binding PMNP-avidin with biotin-PEG-rtPA (or biotin-PEG-peptide), which was prepared beforehand by binding rtPA (or peptide) to biotin-PEG-maleimide while using click chemistry between maleimide and the single –SH group in rtPA (or peptide). The physicochemical property characterization indicated the successful preparation of the magnetic nanoparticles with full retention of rtPA fibrinolysis activity, while biological response studies underlined the high biocompatibility of all magnetic nanoparticles from cytotoxicity and hemolysis assays in vitro. The magnetic guidance and fibrin binding effects were also confirmed, which led to a higher thrombolysis rate in vitro using PMNP-rtPA or pPMNP-rtPA when compared to free rtPA after static or dynamic incubation with blood clots. Using pressure-dependent clot lysis model in a flow system, dual targeted pPMNP-rtPA could reduce the clot lysis time for reperfusion by 40% when compared to free rtPA at the same drug dosage. From in vivo targeted thrombolysis in a rat embolic model, pPMNP-rtPA was used at 20% of free rtPA dosage to restore the iliac blood flow in vascular thrombus that was created by injecting a blood clot to the hind limb area.

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36

Weber, D. C., A. Branquinho, and C. Hurkmans. "RTQA platform of the EORTC." Radiotherapy and Oncology 118 (February 2016): S111—S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(16)30231-6.

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Anderson, D. P. "Automated protocol implementation with RTAG." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 14, no. 3 (March 1988): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/32.4650.

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Srinivasan, K., and K. Anbarasan. "Fuzzy scheduled RTDA controller design." ISA Transactions 52, no. 2 (March 2013): 252–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2012.11.008.

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Schnietz, Karen E. "The Reaction of Private Interests to the 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act." International Organization 57, no. 1 (2003): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818303571089.

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In recent research on the 1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act (RTAA), there has been no examination of the reaction of private actors to the RTAA. Did producer groups and investors in 1934 believe the Democratic RTAA was the solution to Republican protectionism, as institutional analyses of the RTAA claim, or did they realize the RTAA was no “magic bullet” against a return of protectionism, as skeptics argue? Archival data suggests that many producer groups believed the RTAA would result in durable liberalization, but that fewer understood the likely effects of its specific features. An event study of investor reaction to the RTAA reveals that export-dependent firms experienced a significant, positive stock return increase on news of the RTAA, while heavily tariff-protected firms experienced a significant stock decline, albeit several months later.

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40

Olekhnovich, Igor N., and Robert J. Kadner. "Role of Nucleoid-Associated Proteins Hha and H-NS in Expression of Salmonella enterica Activators HilD, HilC, and RtsA Required for Cell Invasion." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 19 (August 3, 2007): 6882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00905-07.

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ABSTRACT The coordinate expression of Salmonella enterica invasion genes on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 is under the control of the complex circuits of regulation that involve the AraC/XylS family transcriptional activators HilD, HilC, and RtsA and nucleoid-associated proteins. Single-copy transcription fusions were used to assess the effects of nucleoid-associated proteins Hha and H-NS on hilD, hilC, and rtsA expression. The data show that all three genes, hilD, hilC, and rtsA, were repressed by H-NS and/or Hha. The repression of rtsA was the highest among tested genes. The level of rtsA-lac was equally elevated in hns and hha mutants and was further enhanced in the hns hha double mutant under low-osmolarity conditions. Electrophoretic mobility shift experiments showed that H-NS and Hha directly bind to the rtsA promoter. In addition to the negative control that was exerted by H-NS/Hha under low-osmolarity conditions, the homologous virulence activators HilD, HilC, and RtsA (Hil activators) induced rtsA-lac expression in a high-salt medium. A DNase footprinting assay of the rtsA promoter revealed one common DNA-binding site for all three Hil activators centered at position −54 relative to the transcriptional start site. In the absence of Hha and H-NS, however, osmoregulation of the rtsA promoter was lost, and Hil activators were not required for rtsA transcription. These results taken together suggest that the HilD, HilC, and RtsA proteins induce the transcription of the rtsA promoter by counteracting H-NS/Hha-mediated repression.

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Wang, Yingxu, Xinming Tan, and Cyprian F. Ngolah. "Design and Implementation of an Autonomic Code Generator Based on RTPA." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 2, no. 2 (April 2010): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jssci.2010040103.

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Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA) is a denotational mathematics for the algebraic modeling and manipulations of software system architectures and behaviors by the Unified Data Models (UDMs) and Unified Process Models (UPMs). On the basis of the RTPA specification and refinement methodologies, automatic software code generation is enabled toward improving software development productivity. This paper examines designing and developing the RTPA-based software code generator (RTPA-CG) that transfers system models in RTPA architectures and behaviors into C++ or Java. A two-phrase strategy has been employed in the design of the code generator. The first phrase analyzes the lexical, syntactical, and type specifications of a software system modeled in RTPA, which results in a set of abstract syntax trees (ASTs). The second phrase translates the ASTs into C++ or Java based on predesigned mapping strategies and code generation rules. The toolkit of RTPA code generator encompasses an RTPA lexer, parser, type-checker, and a code builder. Experimental results show that system models in RTPA can be rigorously processed and corresponding C++/Java code can be automatically generated using the toolkit. The code generated is executable and effective under the support of an RTPA run-time library.

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Lee, Byung Koo, Hyun Soo Lim, and Necla Kenar. "GafChromic RTQA Film Dosimetry for Laser Beam with Photodynamic Therapy." Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research 34, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.9718/jber.2013.34.2.73.

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43

Ghebouli, Radouane, Stephane Loyau, Murielle Maire, Pierre Saboural, Jean-Philippe Collet, Martine Jandrot-Perrus, Didier Letourneur, Frédéric Chaubet, and Jean-Baptiste Michel. "Amino-Fucoidan as a Vector for rtPA-Induced Fibrinolysis in Experimental Thrombotic Events." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 118, no. 01 (2018): 042–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th17-02-0132.

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AbstractAcute ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism are the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Thrombolysis by intravenous injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) remains the most common non-interventional treatment to recanalize occluded vessels. However, this procedure is limited by significant drawbacks, including high doses and bleeding complications. Recent studies showed that fucoidan targets the intraluminal thrombus in vivo. We have developed a chimaera covalently linking fucoidan, able to target platelets within the thrombus, to dilysine, able to non-covalently bind rtPA. We hypothesize that this construct should vectorize rtPA to the thrombus, thus increasing its fibrinolytic efficacy and avoiding its deleterious effects. In vitro, rtPA mixed to dilysine fucoidan (DLF) shows a greater fibrinolytic effect than rtPA alone, both on platelet-rich thrombus and in whole blood. In vivo, occluded mesenteric vessels, carotid artery and vena cava were more efficiently recanalized by DLF complexed to rtPA than by rtPA alone. This study thus provides evidence that DLF may be a promising therapeutic tool to fight against acute thrombosis by enhancing rtPA fibrinolytic efficiency.

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Zhang, Xin-chang, Ya-hui Gu, Wen-tao Xu, Yang-yang Song, Ao Zhang, Zhi-hui Zhang, Si-yuan Jiang, Si-qi Chang, and Guang-xia Ni. "Early Electroacupuncture Extends the rtPA Time Window to 6 h in a Male Rat Model of Embolic Stroke via the ERK1/2-MMP9 Pathway." Neural Plasticity 2020 (November 11, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8851089.

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Background. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only recommended pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but it has a restricted therapeutic time window. When administered at time points greater than 4.5 h after stroke onset, rtPA disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to serious brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation. Electroacupuncture (EA) exerts a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia; however, researchers have not clearly determined whether EA increases the safety of thrombolysis and extends the therapeutic time window of rtPA administration following ischemic stroke. Objective. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that EA extends the therapeutic time window of rtPA for ischemic stroke in a male rat model of embolic stroke. Methods. SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, model group, rtPA group, EA+rtPA group, and rtPA+MEK1/2 inhibitor group. An injection of rtPA was administered 6 h after ischemia. Rats were treated with EA at the Shuigou (GV26) and Neiguan (PC6) acupoints at 2 h after ischemia. Neurological function, infarct volume, BBB permeability, brain edema, and hemorrhagic transformation were assessed at 24 h after ischemia. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the levels of proteins involved in the ERK1/2 signaling pathway (MEK1/2 and ERK1/2), tight junction proteins (Claudin5 and ZO-1), and MMP9 in the ischemic penumbra at 24 h after stroke. Results. Delayed rtPA treatment aggravated hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema. However, treatment with EA plus rtPA significantly improved neurological function and reduced the infarct volume, hemorrhagic transformation, brain edema, and EB leakage in rats compared with rtPA alone. EA increased the levels of tight junction proteins, inhibited the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and reduced MMP9 overexpression induced by delayed rtPA thrombolysis. Conclusions. EA potentially represents an effective adjunct method to increase the safety of thrombolytic therapy and extend the therapeutic time window of rtPA administration following ischemic stroke. This neuroprotective effect may be mediated by the inhibition of the ERK1/2-MMP9 pathway and alleviation of the destruction of the BBB.

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Wei, Feng, Yan Cui, Xiang Gao, and Jing Xie. "Preparation of Nanoparticles Modified by Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator and Its Adoption in Surgical Treatment of Thrombus Targeted Thrombolysis." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3852.

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This research aimed to expand the nanomaterial-based drug loading method for the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment of acute phase thrombolysis in ischemic stroke. In this research, the coprecipitation method was used to prepare Fe3O4 magnetic nanomaterials. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) was coated on the surface of the nanomaterials. The nanomaterials were subjected to hydroxyl activation treatment so that it could be connected to rtPA. By EDC/NHSS method, rtPA was covalently attached to the surface of nanomaterials to form a composite nanomaterial that was modified by rtPA, which was FPA-rtPA. Firstly, the material was characterized, then the pharmacokinetics of the material was evaluated. Finally, the thrombus targeting and thrombolytic properties of the material were analyzed. In the experiment, Fe3O4, FPA, PAA, and FPA-PAA were monitored by FT-IR, the peak value of PAA at 1834 cm–1 meant C=O group, and PAA-FPA had a similar peak, each milligram of nanomaterial can be combined with 80.6 μg ± 1.4 μg of rtPA. In the pharmacokinetic test, the half-life of FPA-rtPA was 90 min, which was much higher than the half-life of rtPA in the free state (P < 0.001), so it was suitable as a targeted thrombolytic preparation; the fluorescence intensity of the FPA-rtPA group combined with the fibrin blood clot was significantly stronger than the FPA group, and rtPA-FPA can target fibrin thrombosis in the cerebral thrombosis model. After comparing the postoperative cerebral infarction area, the rtPA-FPA-based group of rats had a significant decrease in cerebral infarction area (P < 0.001), thus the nanomaterials had better thrombolytic properties.

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Kim, Jin-Sa. "Effects of RTA on the Properties of SBNO Thin Film." Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers 25, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 926–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/jkem.2012.25.11.926.

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ISHIBASHI, Masahiro. "Probe RTA (Recovery Temperature Anemometry)." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 40, no. 12 (2004): 1163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.40.1163.

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Neil, William, and Bruce Ovbiagele. "Intravenous Thrombolysis in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Intracranial Neoplasms: Two Cases and a Literature Review." Case Reports in Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/503758.

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Based on exclusion criteria in the landmark NINDS-rtPA trial, current expert consensus guidelines preclude the use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with intracranial neoplasm. There are only 3 published cases of administration of IV rtPA to AIS patients with intracranial neoplasms in the literature. Two of these published cases involved malignant brain parenchymal lesions discovered only after rtPA was inadvertently given, and one of these cases was associated with hemorrhage within the tumor. In this paper, we report two cases of administration of IV rtPA in AIS patients with intracranial neoplasms observed on neuroimaging prior to IV rtPA administration. In both cases, the tumor was outside of the brain parenchyma. The first case was an acoustic schwannoma and the second a falcine meningioma. Neither case was associated with intratumoral hemorrhage as of at least one week following IV rtPA treatment. More published cases are definitely warranted, but our experience with these two cases suggests that administration of IV rtPA to AIS patients in the presence of extraparenchymal brain tumors may not necessarily precipitate intra-tumoral bleeding and thereby worsen clinical outcomes.

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Nelson, Patrick A., Changyow C. Kwan, Vehniah K. Tjong, Michael A. Terry, and Ujash Sheth. "Primary Versus Salvage Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Displaced Proximal Humerus Fractures in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty 4 (January 2020): 247154922094973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2471549220949731.

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Background There is currently no established consensus on best treatment for complex proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) in the elderly. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a viable option in this population but many times is used as a salvage procedure. Methods A systematic review of studies comparing RTSA as a primary treatment for PHF versus as a salvage procedure following failed open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), humeral intramedullary nailing, hemiarthroplasty (HA) or non-operative treatment was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. Pooled outcomes and sub-group analyses assessing range of motion, patient reported outcomes and complications were examined using RevMan. Results Five articles were included in final analysis with 104 patients in the primary RTSA group and 147 in the salvage RTSA group compromising 251 total patients. Primary RTSA had a statistically significant advantage in range of motion (forward flexion and external rotation), patient reported outcomes, and complications compared to salvage RTSA. Conclusions Based on the best available evidence, primary RTSA may result in slightly better patient reported outcomes, range of motion and a lower rate of complication when compared to salvage RTSA. Further high-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings of the current review.

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Morris, Matthew T., Jacob R. Carley, Edward Colón, Annette Gibbs, Manuel S. F. V. De Pondeca, and Steven Levine. "A Quality Assessment of the Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA) for Aviation." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 977–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0201.1.

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Abstract Missing observations at airports can cause delays in commercial and general aviation in the United States owing to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) safety regulations. The Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) has provided interpolated temperature data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA) at airport locations throughout the United States since 2015, with these data substituting for missing temperature observations and mitigating impacts on air travel. A quality assessment of the RTMA is performed to determine if the RTMA could be used in a similar fashion for other weather observations, such as 10-m wind, ceiling, and visibility. Retrospective, data-denial experiments are used to perform the quality assessment by withholding observations from FAA-specified airports. Outliers seen in the RTMA ceiling and visibility analyses during events meeting or exceeding instrument flight rules suggest the RTMA should not be substituted for missing ceiling and visibility observations at this time. The RTMA is a suitable replacement for missing temperature observations for a subset of airports throughout most of the CONUS and Alaska, but not at all stations. Likewise, the RTMA is a suitable substitute for missing surface pressure observations at a subset of airports, with notable exceptions in regions of complex terrain. The RTMA may also be a suitable substitute for missing wind speed observations, provided the wind speed is ≤15 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1). Overall, these results suggest the potential for RTMA to substitute for additional missing observations while highlighting priority areas of future work for improving the RTMA.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rtga'

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