Journal articles: 'RTP materiál'

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Mikhnevich, E. I. "METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATION OF RIGIDITY IN EARTH DAM SLOPE PROTECTION UNDER CONDITIONS OF WAVE IMPACT." Science & Technique 17, no. 2 (April 13, 2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-2-100-105.

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. Various types of protection are used in order to ensure rigidity in earth dam slopes and dumped rip-rap and precast and cast-in-situ reinforced plates are the most commonly used for this purpose. Durability and reliability of the protections mainly depend on the fact whether protection parameters have been correctly calculated and correspondingly observed during the process of protection creation, the main protection parameters are material diameter of dumped rip-rap and thickness of reinforced plates. Values of protection parameters calculated in accordance to the existing formulae significantly differ among themselves. Some of these formulae are acceptable for small water reservoirs in Belarus and provide actual results only for large water reservoirs where a wave height reaches two metres and even more. A new calculation methodology which is suitable for Belarusian water reservoirs of various size is proposed with the purpose to determine diameter of dumped rip-rap material and thickness of plates for earth dam slope protection in the zone of active wave impact. The methodology has been developed on the basis of the theory pertaining to limit equilibrium of slope shearing and holding forces. While calculating diameter of dumped rip-rap material the following shearing forces have been taken into account: uplift wave pres- sure depending on wave height; drag force which is formed on the slope due to back sweep of wave; shearing component of protection material gravity force which is dependent on preselected slope ratio. Holding forces are determined with due ac- count of main physical and mechanical properties of dumped rip-rap material: density of particles in water suspension, porosi- ty, internal friction and holding component of protection material gravity force. While developing methodology for calcula- tion of reinforced concrete plate thickness a drag force has not been taken into account because the flow which is formed on the plate surface does not exert an influence on their equilibrium. Bottom slope zone where hydrodynamic pressure is created by bottom velocity has usually a reduced-weight protection in the form of broken stone, gravel and finely broken stone rip-rap. Dependences for determination of dumped rip-rap fineness have been obtained as a result of slope rigidity criterion conversion. The proposed formulae for calculation of earth dam slope protection parameters can be recommended for applica- tion in design organizations.

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Maduwantha, Kaveendra, Shigeyuki Yamada, Kaveenga Rasika Koswattage, Tsutomu Konno, and Takuya Hosokai. "Excited-State Dynamics of Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Organic Materials Based on Monobenzil and Bisbenzil Frameworks." Materials 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 3904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173904.

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Room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have been attracting tremendous interest, owing to their unique material characteristics and potential applications for state-of-the-art optoelectronic devices. Recently, we reported the synthesis and fundamental photophysical properties of new RTP materials based on benzil, i.e., fluorinated monobenzil derivative and fluorinated and non-fluorinated bisbenzil derivative analogues [Yamada, S. et al., Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1154–1162.]. To deeply understand their RTP properties, we investigated the excited-state dynamics and photostability of the derivatives by means of time-resolved and steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopies. For these derivatives, clear RTP emissions with lifetimes on the microsecond timescale were identified. Among them, the monobenzil derivative was found to be the most efficient RTP material, showing both the longest lifetime and highest amplitude RTP emission. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra, measured at 77 K, and density functional theory calculations revealed the existence of a second excited triplet state in the vicinity of the first excited singlet state for the monobenzil derivative, indicative of the presence of a fast intersystem crossing pathway. The correlation between the excited state dynamics, emission properties, and conformational flexibility of the three derivatives is discussed.

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Thomas, M., J. M. Weh, J. Bleedorn, K. Wells, and W. J. Roach. "Residual herniated disc material following hemilaminectomy in chondrodystrophic dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 25, no. 02 (2012): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-11-05-0075.

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SummaryObjective: To evaluate the presence of residual disc material within the vertebral canal following hemilaminectomy in chondrodystrophic dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease.Methods: Forty dogs were treated by hemilaminectomy. Computed tomography was performed preoperatively and immediately postoperatively. The vertebral canal height, width, area, and herniated disc material area were measured. Maximum filling percentage (MFP), residual disc percentage (RDP), maximum residual filling percentage (MRFP), and residual filling percentage (RFP) were calculated. Clinical outcome was determined by telephone interviews.Results: Residual disc material was present in 100% of the dogs. Mean MFP = 55.4% (range 25.9–82.3%; median 56.9%). Mean RDP = 50.3% (range 2.6–155.8%; median 47.9%). Mean MRFP = 30.8% (range 4.9–60%; median 30.1%). Mean RFP = 19.8% (range 4.8–45%; median 19.0%). All dogs were ambulatory with voluntary urination at the long-term follow-up (range: 88–735 days).Clinical significance: Residual disc was present in all dogs following hemilaminectomy for intervertebral disc disease. Residual disc was not associated with failure to achieve functional recovery in these cases.

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White, D. A., and T. Vo-Dinh. "Room-Temperature Phosphorimetry to Study Petroleum Product Permeation through Protective Clothing Materials." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 2 (February 1988): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884428301.

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In this study a simple analytical tool based on room-temperature phosphorimetry (RTP) is developed and used for evaluating the effectiveness of protective clothing materials against permeation of organic substances containing compounds such as the polycyclic aromatic compounds. A special permeation cell is designed, which allows direct RTP measurements of the permeated products after exposure, without requiring any sample extraction procedure. Results for a variety of petroleum product-protective material combinations illustrate the usefulness of the technique.

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Tian, R., S. M. Xu, Q. Xu, and C. Lu. "Large-scale preparation for efficient polymer-based room-temperature phosphorescence via click chemistry." Science Advances 6, no. 21 (May 2020): eaaz6107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz6107.

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To achieve efficient polymer-based room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, covalently embedding phosphors into the polymer matrix appeared as the most appealing approach. However, it is still highly challenging to fabricate RTP materials on a large scale because of the inefficient binding engineering and time-consuming covalent reactions. Here, we have proposed a scalable preparation approach for RTP materials by the facile B─O click reaction between boronic acid–modified phosphors and polyhydroxy polymer matrix. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the phosphors were effectively immobilized, resulting in the suppressed nonradiative transitions and activated RTP emission. In comparison to the reported covalent binding time of several hours, such a B─O click reaction can be accomplished within 20 s under ambient environment. The developed strategy simplified the construction of polymer-based RTP polymeric materials by the introduction of facile click chemistry. Our success provides inspirations and possibilities for the scale-up production of RTP materials.

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Plati, Christina, and Brad Cliatt. "A Sustainability Perspective for Unbound Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a Pavement Base Material." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010078.

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The present study aims to investigate reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials for utilization for a pavement base layer material with the goal towards increasing the reutilization of materials and the movement towards increased pavement sustainability. Reduced cost for materials and transportation of materials, overall environmental benefits and many other advantages have led to increased interests in utilizing RAP in pavements including as base materials for highway/roadway construction projects. The potential advantages of utilizing RAP as an unbound base material are known; however, its overall application is still limited partially due to the lack of systematic evaluation studies for the parameterization of RAPs mechanical behavior in pavement design. With this in mind, the current investigation focuses on the resilient modulus (Mr) properties of RAP aggregates in terms of a material’s elastic response. Experimental data from tri-axial stress tests on specimens consisting of RAP, aggregates and a mixture of both materials are investigated. A number of constitutive models for the description of mechanical behavior of RAP materials are investigated. The required procedures for determining the constitutive constants of the constitutive models is outlined for the aforementioned materials. A comparative analysis is applied, and the related results are evaluated. The main conclusion is that RAP materials can be utilized as a base material in the framework of pavement sustainability, as its behavior under loading conditions are similar to virgin aggregate (VA) materials and can be simulated by using appropriate constitutive models for pavement design processes.

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Ding, Bingbing, Liangwei Ma, Zizhao Huang, Xiang Ma, and He Tian. "Engendering persistent organic room temperature phosphorescence by trace ingredient incorporation." Science Advances 7, no. 19 (May 2021): eabf9668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf9668.

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Pure organic persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has shown great potential in information encryption, optoelectronic devices, and bio-applications. However, trace impurities are generated in synthesis, causing unpredictable effects on the luminescence properties. Here, an impurity is isolated from a pure organic RTP system and structurally characterized that caused an unusual ultralong RTP in matrix even at 0.01 mole percent content. Inspired by this effect, a series of compounds are screened out to form the bicomponent RTP system by the trace ingredient incorporation method. The RTP quantum yields reach as high as 74.2%, and the lifetimes reach up to 430 ms. Flexible application of trace ingredients to construct RTP materials has become an eye-catching strategy with high efficiency, economy, and potential for applications as well as easy preparation.

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Xiao, Guowei, Bo Zhou, Xiaoyu Fang, and Dongpeng Yan. "Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Organic-Doped Inorganic Frameworks Showing Wide-Range and Multicolor Long-Persistent Luminescence." Research 2021 (April 9, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9862327.

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Long-persistent luminescence based on purely inorganic and/or organic compounds has recently attracted much attention in a wide variety of fields including illumination, biological imaging, and information safety. However, simultaneously tuning the static and dynamic afterglow performance still presents a challenge. In this work, we put forward a new route of organic-doped inorganic framework to achieve wide-range and multicolor ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Through a facile hydrothermal method, phosphor (tetrafluoroterephthalic acid (TFTPA)) into the CdCO3 (or Zn2(OH)2CO3) host matrix exhibits an excitation-dependent colorful RTP due to the formation of diverse molecular aggregations with multicentral luminescence. The RTP lifetime of the doped organic/inorganic hybrids is greatly enhanced (313 times) compared to the pristine TFTPA. The high RTP quantum yield (43.9%) and good stability guarantee their easy visualization in both ambient and extreme conditions (such as acidic/basic solutions and an oxygen environment). Further codoped inorganic ions (Mn2+ and Pb2+) afford the hybrid materials with a novel time-resolved tunable afterglow emission, and the excitation-dependent RTP color is highly adjustable from dark blue to red, covering nearly the whole visible spectrum and outperforming the current state-of-the-art RTP materials. Therefore, this work not only describes a combined codoping and multicentral strategy to obtain statically and dynamically tunable long-persistent luminescence but also provides great opportunity for the use of organic-inorganic hybrid materials in multilevel anticounterfeiting and multicolor display applications.

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Wang, Zifei, Jian Shen, Jiazhen Sun, Bin Xu, Zhenhua Gao, Xue Wang, Liting Yan, Chaofeng Zhu, and Xiangeng Meng. "Ultralong-lived room temperature phosphorescence from N and P codoped self-protective carbonized polymer dots for confidential information encryption and decryption." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 14 (2021): 4847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05845a.

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N and P codoped carbonized polymer dots (NP-CPDs) exhibit a relatively long RTP decay time over 23 s among most carbon dot-based RTP materials reported thus far. Such NP-CPDs are applied to illustrate applications in information security.

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Safwan Shalbi, Norazlianie Sazali, and Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh. "Measurement of Neutron Flux at Thermal Column Using Gold Foil Activation Analysis and TLD Detector: Technical Review." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 83, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.83.2.2543.

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The thermal column at the TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) research reactor can produce thermal neutron. However, the optimization on the thermal neutron flux produced should be performed to gain a sufficient thermal neutron for boron neutron capture therapy purpose. Thus, the objective of this review is to optimize the thermal neutron flux by designing the collimator with different materials at the thermal column. In order to fulfil the requirement, set by the IAEA standard, the study of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) around the world was being reviewed to study the suitable measurement, material, design, and modification for BNCT at the thermal column of TRIGA MARK-II, Malaysia. Initially, the BNCT mechanisms and history was review. Then, this paper review on the design and modifications for BNCT purpose around the world. Based on this review, suitable material and design can be used for the BNCT in Malaysia. Moreover, this paper also reviews the current status of BNCT at the RTP with the measurement of the thermal neutron flux was conducted along the thermal column at 250 kW. The thermal column of RTP was divided into 3 phases (Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3) so that an accurate measurement can be obtained by using gold foil activation method. This value was used as a benchmark for the neutron flux produced from the thermal column. The reviewed demonstrated that the final thermal neutron flux produced was significantly for BNCT purpose.

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11

Tani, Yosuke, Morihisa Terasaki, Mao Komura, and Takuji Ogawa. "Room-temperature phosphorescence-to-phosphorescence mechanochromism of a metal-free organic 1,2-diketone." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 38 (2019): 11926–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc04176a.

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An organic 1,2-diketone with intramolecular chalcogen bonding overcomes the room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) quenching problem on amorphization, representing the first RTP-to-RTP mechanochromism of a metal-free organic molecule.

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Liu, Hao, Wentao Liu, Naoki Ando, Shigehiro Yamaguchi, and Hongyu Zhang. "Organic phosphorescent polymorphs induced by various halogen bonds with stimuli-responsive single/dual phosphorescence switching." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 8 (2021): 2738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05468b.

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Cry-A displays pure single RTP emission while Cry-B displays pure dual RTP emission. These two polymorphs could exhibit stimuli-responsive single/dual RTP switching by heating or under solvent vapor conditions.

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Yuan, Shou, QiKun Sun, Yaguang Wang, Lingtai Yue, Jie Ma, Yuefa Zhang, Haichang Zhang, Shanfeng Xue, and Wenjun Yang. "Manipulating matrix stacking modes for ultralong-duration organic room-temperature phosphorescence in trace isomer doping systems." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 26 (2021): 8302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01744f.

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The experimental results revealed that cognate π–π stacking between matrix carbazole rings is detrimental to RTP lifetime and afterglow and that breaking such aggregations can increase RTP lifetime and enhance RTP afterglow.

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Buczyński, Przemysław, and Marek Iwański. "The Influence of a Polymer Powder on the Properties of a Cold-Recycled Mixture with Foamed Bitumen." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 17, 2019): 4244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244244.

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The paper investigates the influence of redispersible polymer powder (RPP) on the physical and mechanical properties of a cold-recycled mixture with foamed bitumen (CRM-FB). Four types of RPP with a varied chemical base were used: VA-VeoVA, VA-VeoVa-Ac, EVA and VA/VV/E/Ac. The polymer powder-modified cold recycled mixture with foamed bitumen, (P)CRM-FB, was composed of 45.8% reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), 45.8% natural aggregate (VA), 3.0% Portland cement CEM I 42,5R, 3.0% foamed bitumen 50/70 and 3.0% RPP, all dosed by weight. The reference mixture, (R)CRM-FB, served as a reference point for comparison. It was found that RPP improved the workability of the CRM-FB mixture. This results in a reduced number of compaction cycles and lower energy needed to obtain the air void content as in the reference mixture. In addition, the RPP modifier markedly increased the CRM-FB mixture cohesion (ITSDRY) and strength, by approximately 40–70%, depending on the RPP used. These findings are particularly important for CRM-FB mixtures designed for road bases. The present investigations confirmed the improvement of the CRM-FB mixture parameters after the modification with RPP, regardless of the powder type used.

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Xia, Youfu, Yanqing Du, Qian Xiang, and Mark G. Humphrey. "Highly efficient room-temperature phosphorescent materials with a heavy-atom effect of bromine." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 11 (2021): 4930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05713d.

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Kulkarni, Sachin S., Jyoti S. Shirolikar, and Neelkanth G. Dhere. "Preparation of CIGSS Thin-Film Solar Cells by Rapid Thermal Processing." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 3 (December 26, 2006): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2735349.

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Rapid thermal processing (RTP) provides a way to rapidly heat substrates to an elevated temperature to perform relatively short duration processes, typically less than 2–3min long. RTP can be utilized to minimize the process cycle time without compromising process uniformity, thus eliminating a bottleneck in CuIn1−xGaxSe2−ySy (CIGSS) module fabrication. Some approaches have been able to realize solar cells with conversion efficiencies close or equal to those for conventionally processed solar cells with similar device structures. A RTP reactor for preparation of CIGSS thin films on 10cm×10cm substrates has been designed, assembled, and tested at the Florida Solar Energy Center’s PV Materials Lab. This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of CIGSS thin-film solar cells by the RTP technique. Materials characterization of these films was done by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, and electrical characterization was done by current–voltage measurements on soda lime glass substrates by the RTP technique. Encouraging results were obtained during the first few experimental sets, demonstrating that reasonable solar cell efficiencies (up to 9%) can be achieved with relatively shorter cycle times, lower thermal budgets, and without using toxic gases.

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Wu, Huixia, Jianzhuang Xiao, Chaofeng Liang, and Zhiming Ma. "Properties of Cementitious Materials with Recycled Aggregate and Powder Both from Clay Brick Waste." Buildings 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11030119.

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The utilization of recycled brick aggregate (RBA) and recycled brick powder (RBP) in cementitious materials helps the reclamation of clay brick waste in construction and demolition waste. This work studied the properties of cementitious materials with RBA as aggregate and RBP as supplementary cementitious material. The RBA has lower apparent density and higher water absorption than natural aggregate, and RBP with an irregular micro-structure contains high content of silicon and aluminum oxides and possesses excellent pozzolanic activity. Incorporating RBP decreases the fluidity and increases the setting time, but the incorporated RBP improves the pore structure and decreases the average pore diameter of cementitious materials, thereby decreasing the permeability. Utilizing RBA increases the drying shrinkage, while the incorporated RBP decreases the drying shrinkage of cementitious materials; the mortar with 50% RBA and 30% RBP has the lower drying shrinkage than the common mortar without RBA and RBP. Incorporating RBA and high-volume RBP decreases the mechanical strength, while there is no obvious decrease in the mechanical strength for the mortar with 50% RBA and 30% RBP. Moreover, the flexural strength to compressive strength ratio increases with RBA and RBP incorporating. Utilizing RBA increases the water transport, while the water transport properties decrease with the RBP incorporation; incorporating appropriate content of RBA and RBP can obtain the cementitious materials with low permeability. Particularly, a significant decrease in chloride ingress occurs with the substitution of RBP.

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Chen, Lan Yun, Xin Qiu, Xin Kuan Wang, and Qing Yang. "Laboratory Properties Evaluation of Wearing Course Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating RAP Materials." Advanced Materials Research 305 (July 2011): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.305.398.

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Using RAP to reproduce new mixtures helps to reduce new material consumption, minimizes the exploitation of natural resources and brings vast benefit in land conservation and environmental protection. The main objectives of this study is to conduct laboratory tests on RAP mixtures with different RAP content, to comprehensively evaluate their engineering characteristics, then to recommend the best suitable RAP mixtures as the local paving materials.

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Moon, Ki Hoon, Augusto Cannone Falchetto, Di Wang, and Yun Su Kim. "Experimental Investigation on Fatigue and Low Temperature Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Designed with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Taconite Aggregate." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 3 (March 2019): 472–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119835525.

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Using reclaimed asphalt material for rehabilitation and construction of new asphalt pavements is currently a common practice not only in view of the economic benefits associated with this process but also because of the reduced exploitation of natural resources. For this reason, road authorities have implemented recommendations and guidelines to regulate the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and other recycled materials such as industrial by-products. Nevertheless, the combined use of different recycled materials is not commonly addressed. In this paper, the effect of adding RAP and taconite (a mining by-product) on fatigue and low temperature properties of asphalt mixture was investigated with two different testing geometries: indirect tensile (IDT) and semi-circular bending (SCB). Fatigue behavior, creep stiffness, relaxation modulus, low temperature fracture energy, and fracture toughness were also evaluated, computed, and then compared. A more brittle behavior was observed for mixture prepared with RAP material, however, the mechanical performance was not significantly different for mixtures containing 20% RAP alone and in combination with 50% taconite compared with conventional asphalt mixtures designed with virgin material. This was not the case when RAP content was increased up to 50%, showing a substantially poorer response both in terms of fatigue and low temperature characteristics and suggesting the RAP had a dominant effect. The present exploratory research seems to support the idea of combining RAP and different industry by-products, such as taconite, as long as the RAP content is kept below a specific threshold.

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Xie, Jiawen, Wenke Huang, Bei Hu, Zhicheng Xiao, Hafiz Muhammad Zahid Hassan, and Kuanghuai Wu. "Study on the Road Performance of Foamed Warm-Mixed Reclaimed Semi-Flexible Asphalt Pavement Material." Materials 14, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 5379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185379.

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Warm-mixed reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) technology has been widely studied worldwide as a recycled environmental method to reuse waste materials. However, the aggregate skeleton structure of the warm-mixed reclaimed asphalt mixture is not stable because of the existence of the recycled materials. Warm-mixed recycled semi-flexible pavement material can solve the defects of the above materials. In this study, five different types of open-graded asphalt mixtures containing different contents of RAP were designed, and relevant laboratory tests were conducted to assess the road performance of the warm-mixed recycled semi-flexible pavement material. The test results indicated that the road performance of warm-mixed reclaimed semi-flexible pavement materials has good resistance to rut deformation ability. Furthermore, the materials also had good water stability and fatigue performance. The grey correlation analysis shows that the asphalt binder content has the most significant correlation with the high-temperature stability, and the correlation between RAP content and the fatigue performance was the greatest. Furthermore, the curing age has the most remarkable with the low-temperature crack resistance of the warm-mixed reclaimed semi-flexible material.

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Gill, Kathryn. "The Recovery Transition Program: An innovative recovery-oriented, peer-based mentoring program in addiction services." International Journal of Whole Person Care 7, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/ijwpc.v7i1.207.

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The Recovery Transition Program (RTP): Rationale, design, and delivery of an innovative recovery-oriented, peer-based mentoring program into addiction and mental health services The RTP is an award-winning complementary approach to standard care implemented by patients and staff in the Mental Health Mission at the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC). The RTP was designed to reduce relapses, improve recovery and patient experiences of care. In the RTP trained patient volunteers – called Peer Mentors – provide one-on-one peer mentoring, create workshops, facilitate group discussions, run family/caregiver meetings, and participate in creative activities. Collectively the RTP provides a supportive, learning and skill-building environment designed to help Peer Mentors, patients and families in their recovery. This workshop will outline the rationale/design of the program, its mission and mandate, as well as practical issues related to ethics, supervision of Peer Mentors, governance, financing, policies (e.g. code of conduct) and procedures (e.g. forms, referral methods). Discussion will include the design and delivery of the 30-hour Peer Mentor Training Program that covers topics related to roles, confidentiality, communication and listening skills, boundaries and self-disclosure, dealing with crisis, and self-care. Results of the formal RTP program evaluation will be presented. This includes both quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (interviews) methods aimed at exploring core aspects of the mentoring experience, as well as perceptions of care and satisfaction with RTP services among patients, staff and Peer Mentors. Workshop participants will receive information and materials that would enable them to consider setting up an RTP program in their own mental health settings.

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Udomchai, Artit, Menglim Hoy, Apichat Suddeepong, Amornrit Phuangsombat, Suksun Horpibulsuk, Arul Arulrajah, and Nguyen Chi Thanh. "Generalized Interface Shear Strength Equation for Recycled Materials Reinforced with Geogrids." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 9446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169446.

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In this research, large direct shear tests were conducted to evaluate the interface shear strength between reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and kenaf geogrid (RAP–geogrid) and to also assess their viability as an environmentally friendly base course material. The influence of factors such as the gradation of RAP particles and aperture sizes of geogrid (D) on interface shear strength of the RAP–geogrid interface was evaluated under different normal stresses. A critical analysis was conducted on the present and previous test data on geogrids reinforced recycled materials. The D/FD, in which FD is the recycled materials’ particle content finer than the aperture of geogrid, was proposed as a prime parameter governing the interface shear strength. A generalized equation was proposed for predicting the interface shear strength of the form: α = a(D/FD) + b, where α is the interface shear strength coefficient, which is the ratio of the interface shear strength to the shear strength of recycled material, and a and b are constants. The constant values of a and b were found to be dependent upon types of recycled material, irrespective of types of geogrids. A stepwise procedure to determine variable a, which is required for analysis and design of geogrids reinforced recycled materials in roads with various gradations was also suggested.

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Gao, Rui, Xiaoyu Fang, and Dongpeng Yan. "Direct white-light emitting room-temperature-phosphorescence thin films with tunable two-color polarized emission through orientational hydrogen-bonding layer-by-layer assembly." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 16 (2018): 4444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc00421h.

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Puppala, Anand J., Aravind Pedarla, Bhaskar Chittoori, Vijay Krishna Ganne, and Soheil Nazarian. "Long-Term Durability Studies on Chemically Treated Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material as a Base Layer for Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2657, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2657-01.

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For several years reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material has been used as a construction material in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) to reduce material costs and stabilize pavements. Of the 45 million tons of RAP produced every year in the United States, only 33% is being used in HMA. Recent studies have demonstrated that RAP can be used effectively in base layers when it is blended with aggregate base materials and stabilized with cement or fly ash additives. This adoption in the pavement base layer helps maximize the reutilization of RAP material and minimize its disposal in landfills, thereby making it an environmentally friendly practice. However, studies reported so far addressed only the strength and stiffness characteristics of stabilized RAP in base layers in the short term, and not many studies have addressed its long-term behavior. In this study the long-term durability of untreated as well as stabilized specimens was tested by conducting standard durability testing to replicate the moisture fluctuations in the field from seasonal variations. In addition, leachate studies were conducted to examine the effect of rainfall infiltration on the leachability of the cement or fly ash stabilizer from stabilized RAP mixtures. Durability studies revealed a very low volumetric change and good retaining strength at the end of three, seven, and 14 cycles for RAP material from the El Paso, Texas, area, and leachate tests proved that the leaching of cement or fly ash stabilizer from RAP mixes cannot be considered to be a concern for long-term performance. However, approximately 2 years of field infiltration were replicated in the laboratory in this study. Of the several RAP mixtures studied, the mixture composed of 60% RAP and 40% base material with 2% cement was identified as an effective long-term-performing mixture.

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Murillo-Marrodán, Alberto, Eduardo García, Jon Barco, and Fernando Cortés. "Application of an Incremental Constitutive Model for the FE Analysis of Material Dynamic Restoration in the Rotary Tube Piercing Process." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 25, 2020): 4289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194289.

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In the numerical simulation of hot forming processes, the correct description of material flow stress is very important for the accuracy of the results. For complex manufacturing processes, such as the rotary tube piercing (RTP), constitutive laws based on both power and exponential mathematical expressions are commonly used due to its inherent simplicity, despite the limitations that this approach involves, namely, the use of accumulated strain as a state parameter. In this paper, a constitutive model of the P91 steel derived from the evolution of dislocation density with strain, which takes into account the mechanisms of dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX), is proposed for the finite element (FE) analysis of the RTP process. The material model is developed in an incremental manner to allow its implementation in the FE code FORGE®. The success of this implementation is confirmed by the good correlation between results of the simulation and experimental measurements of the manufactured tube (elongation, twist angle, mean wall thickness and eccentricity). In addition, this incremental model allows addressing how the restoring mechanisms of DRV and DRV occur during the RTP process. The analysis puts into evidence that DRV and DRX prevail over each other cyclically, following an alternating sequence during the material processing, due mainly to the effect of the strain rate on the material.

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Wang, Yanhui, Zhenzhen Zhang, Linxi Liu, Shou Yuan, Jie Ma, Danfeng Liu, Shanfeng Xue, Qikun Sun, and Wenjun Yang. "Cyanophenylcarbazole isomers exhibiting different UV and visible light excitable room temperature phosphorescence." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 31 (2019): 9671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc03444g.

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Zhang, Liang, Meng Li, Qing-Yu Gao, and Chuan-Feng Chen. "An ultralong room-temperature phosphorescent material based on the combination of small singlet–triplet splitting energy and H-aggregation." Chemical Communications 56, no. 31 (2020): 4296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09636a.

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Schreutelkamp, R. J., W. Coppye, W. De Bosscher, R. van Meirhaeghe, L. van Meirhaeghe, J. Vanhellemont, B. Deweerdt, A. Lauwers, and K. Maex. "Formation of ultrathin CoSi2 films using a two-step limited reaction process." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 12 (December 1993): 3111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.3111.

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The formation of ultrathin (≤20 nm) and smooth CoSi2 layers on c–Si substrates has been studied by using a one- and a two-step RTP silicidation method. Pinhole-free silicide layers with a thickness down to ∼10–12 nm were formed on n−, n+, and p+ crystalline Si substrates in the one-step RTP process by sputtering of Co films as thin as 4 nm and subsequent silicidation at 750 °C for 5 or 30 s. The two-step RTP silicidation method is based on the consumption of only a small fraction of a thick sputtered Co film to form Co2Si or CoSi during a first RTP step at 400–500 °C. A selective etch follows to remove the unreacted Co film. During a second, higher temperature, RTP step CoSi2 is formed. Pinhole-free and smooth CoSi2 films with a thickness down to 20 nm were formed in this way on both n+ and p+ monocrystalline Si substrates.

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Marsh, H. N. "RTP-1: A Standard for Reinforced Plastic Corrosion-Resistant Equipment." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929054.

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The use of FRP (also known as RTP—reinforced thermoset plastic) in chemical process service has grown rapidly since introduction due to its unique corrosion-resistant properties and cost effectiveness. There have been some failures due to inadequate specifications, poor design or improper fabrication. An ASME Committee was formed to provide a standard and ASME/ANSI RTP-1 “Reinforced Thermoset Plastic Corrosion Resistant Equipment” was approved as an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard in March 1989. The Standard applies to stationary vessels operating at pressures not exceeding 15 psig external and/or 15 psig internal above any hydrostatic head. This article describes the detailed specification process, the methods for design and fabrication, material requirements, procedures for qualification of a shop and its personnel, the fabricator’s Quality Control Program, and inspection and testing required by the Standard. It is recognized that there will be significant costs associated with fabrication of vessels to this standard. The careful preparation of the specifications, the conservative approach to design, the qualification of the Fabricator’s shop and personnel, the inspection of incoming raw materials, the inspection and testing of the finished vessel and the services of the mutually acceptable Inspector are all cost items. Balancing these costs will be the benefits of improved safety and reliability, long life, low maintenance, and hopefully less litigation and liability. It is believed that, on an overall long-term cost basis, these benefits will far outweigh the added costs.

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Arianto, Hendra, Sofyan M. Saleh, and Renni Anggraini. "KARAKTERISTIK CAMPURAN AC-WC MENGGUNAKAN MATERIAL RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT DENGAN TAMBAHAN ASPAL PEN. 60/70 YANG DISUBSTITUSI STYROFOAM." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 2, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v2i2.13451.

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Reuse of reclaimed asphalt pavement material (RAP) is an alternative which applicated for potential enough on the roughness of the road. RAP material can be reused by adding the asphalt and the new aggregate according of the mixture composition so that it is expected will be obtained the quality as planned. One of the efforts made in improving the quality of asphalt mixture RAP material is using a modified asphalt with additional material, such as styrofoam. The use of styrofoam into the asphalt is expected to improve the technical properties of a mixture. The purpose of this research is to know the comparative characteristics of hot mix asphalt (asphalt concrete) type AC-WC that uses RAP material with additional asphalt pen. 60/70 and asphalt pen. 60/70 substitution in the styrofoam by 8%, 10% and 12% against the weight of asphalt based on levels of asphalt left on the material. The initial stages of this study is to conduct an examination of the physical properties of RAP material, then manufacturing a specimen with variations of the addition of asphalt and aggregate new levels based on the job mix diesign (JMD) Bina Marga Aceh (2013). Based on research results, parameter values marshall on all types of asphalt mixture with new aggregate as well as RAP materials and the use of 100% asphalt pen. 60/70 additional or different types of asphalt on OAC has fulfilled the technical specifications defined by the Bina Marga (2014). Best stability values obtained on asphalt mixture using RAP material with additional asphalt pen. 60/70 with 12% styrofoam substitution on OAC JMD Bina Marga Aceh, that amounted to 3,308.72 kg, the lowest value stability retrieved on asphalt mixture using a new aggregate based on the results of Department of Bina Marga Aceh on OAC i.e. of 983.94 kg.

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Mohammad, Louay N., Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh, Zhong Wu, and Chris Abadie. "Louisiana Experience with Foamed Recycled Asphalt Pavement Base Materials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1832, no. 1 (January 2003): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1832-03.

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Utilization of existing recyclable materials has always been key to more efficient and economical highway construction. Use of the foamed-asphalt (FA) technique to stabilize recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is one strategy for an efficient use of salvaged construction materials. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential use of FA-treated RAP as a base course material in lieu of a crushed-limestone base beneath a concrete pavement layer. Test sections were constructed at US-190 near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and used for field evaluation of the FA RAP base. The laboratory mixture design of the FA RAP, the construction of the experimental base section, and the field evaluation of the stiffness of the FA RAP base layers using different in situ testing devices are presented. Preliminary results of both laboratory and field tests showed that the FA-treated RAP mixtures are very promising and can be used as an alternative to the traditional limestone base beneath a concrete pavement layer.

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Kaur, Taranpreet, Ibraheem Alshareedah, Wei Wang, Jason Ngo, Mahdi Moosa, and Priya Banerjee. "Molecular Crowding Tunes Material States of Ribonucleoprotein Condensates." Biomolecules 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9020071.

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Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules are membraneless liquid condensates that dynamically form, dissolve, and mature into a gel-like state in response to a changing cellular environment. RNP condensation is largely governed by promiscuous attractive inter-chain interactions mediated by low-complexity domains (LCDs). Using an archetypal disordered RNP, fused in sarcoma (FUS), here we study how molecular crowding impacts the RNP liquid condensation. We observe that the liquid–liquid coexistence boundary of FUS is lowered by polymer crowders, consistent with an excluded volume model. With increasing bulk crowder concentration, the RNP partition increases and the diffusion rate decreases in the condensed phase. Furthermore, we show that RNP condensates undergo substantial hardening wherein protein-dense droplets transition from viscous fluid to viscoelastic gel-like states in a crowder concentration-dependent manner. Utilizing two distinct LCDs that broadly represent commonly occurring sequence motifs driving RNP phase transitions, we reveal that the impact of crowding is largely independent of LCD charge and sequence patterns. These results are consistent with a thermodynamic model of crowder-mediated depletion interaction, which suggests that inter-RNP attraction is enhanced by molecular crowding. The depletion force is likely to play a key role in tuning the physical properties of RNP condensates within the crowded cellular space.

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Niess, J., Ch Grunwald, R. Strohmaier, and Z. Nényei. "Controlled thermal kinetics in RTP." Journal of Electronic Materials 27, no. 12 (December 1998): 1286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-998-0087-2.

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Bilodeau, Jean-Pascal, Guy Doré, and Jonas Depatie. "Mitigation of permanent deformation in base layer containing recycled asphalt aggregates." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 2 (February 2013): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0395.

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The use of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates as replacement for new materials in the pavement base weakens the layer in regards to the resistance to permanent deformation under repeated loading. A mechanistic based design procedure is proposed to ensure that base layers containing RAP particles have a similar rutting behaviour to base layers made of virgin aggregates. The design procedure allows calculating an asphalt concrete thickness increase that is based on permanent deformation behaviour of base materials. The calculation approach is based on multistage triaxial permanent deformation tests performed on granular material samples with varied RAP content. The tests allowed proposing an equation that relates permanent strain rate, RAP content, and deviatoric stress, which is the basis of the design procedure. Design charts are proposed to select adequate thickness increase for the asphalt concrete layer according to the expected RAP content in the base layer and asphalt concrete modulus.

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Benjamin, William J. "RGP Material Selection Strategy and the Gel/RGP oxygen “Gap”." International Contact Lens Clinic 20, no. 9-10 (September 1993): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-8967(93)90120-g.

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Yang, Shuming, Duobin Wu, Wenjing Gong, Qiuqin Huang, Hongyu Zhen, Qidan Ling, and Zhenghuan Lin. "Highly efficient room-temperature phosphorescence and afterglow luminescence from common organic fluorophores in 2D hybrid perovskites." Chemical Science 9, no. 48 (2018): 8975–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc03563f.

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Fang, Bing, Liming Lai, Mingyu Fan, and Meizhen Yin. "Designing organic room temperature phosphorescence with ultralong lifetime by substituent modification." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 34 (2021): 11172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc02169a.

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Zhang, Liang, Meng Li, Tai-Ping Hu, Yin-Feng Wang, Yi-Fan Shen, Yuan-Ping Yi, Hai-Yan Lu, Qing-Yu Gao, and Chuan-Feng Chen. "Phthalimide-based “D–N–A” emitters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence and isomer-dependent room-temperature phosphorescence properties." Chemical Communications 55, no. 81 (2019): 12172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc06384f.

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Edeh, Joseph E., Adrian O. Eberemu, and Onah Agnes. "Lateritic Soil Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement as Flexible Highway Pavement Materials." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.3.

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This paper presents the results of the laboratory evaluation of the characteristics of lateritic soil stabilized reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP), using 0 – 2% cement, subjected to British Standard Light (BSL) compactive effort to determine their index, compaction and california bearing ratio (CBR) results. The result of the laboratory tests show that the properties of RAP improved when stabilized with lateritic soil, using up to 2% cement. The particle size distribution improved from poorly graded sandy GRAVELLY material for 100% lateritic soil and very sandy GRAVELLY material, to the gradation described as well graded very sandy GRAVELLY material for lateritic soil stabilized RAP, using up to 2% cement. The CBR results obtained from the study show that using the Nigerian General Specifications, 180% CBR value criterion, the maximum CBR of 55% (soaked) for the mix proportion; 40% Laterite + 58% RAP + 2% Cement for A-2-7(2) soil prescribed by the latter is not adequate for stabilization of base coarse. However, judging by the 24-hour strength gain from 17.9 (unsoaked) to 55% (soaked) CBR values, the material can be used as subgrade and subbase materials.

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Polignano, Maria Luisa, Daniele Caputo, Davide Codegoni, Vittorio Privitera, and M. Riva. "Cobalt Contamination in Silicon." Solid State Phenomena 108-109 (December 2005): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.108-109.571.

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The properties of cobalt as a contaminant in p-type silicon are studied by using cobaltimplanted wafers annealed by RTP or by RTP plus a low temperature furnace annealing. It is shown that after RTP most cobalt is under the form of CoB pairs. A quantification of cobalt contamination is provided based upon SPV measurements and optical pair dissociation. However, this quantification fails in furnace-annealed wafers because of the formation of a different level. It is shown that the CoB level is located near the band edges, whereas the level formed upon a low temperature furnace annealing is located near midgap. Besides, when the cobalt concentration is high enough a small fraction of cobalt is in a level different from the CoB pair even in RTP samples. This level can probably be identified with a previously observed midgap level. It is suggested that the same level is formed in RTP plus low temperature furnace annealed samples and in high concentration RTP annealed samples, and that this level may consist in some cobalt agglomerate.

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Worsfold, P. J., E. P. Achterberg, A. R. Bowie, V. Cannizzaro, S. Charles, J. M. Costa, F. Dubois, et al. "Integrated luminometer for the determination of trace metals in seawater using fluorescence, phosphorescence and chemiluminescence detection." Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry 24, no. 2 (2002): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924602000081.

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The paper describes an integrated luminometer able to perform fluorescence (FL), room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and chemiluminescence (CL) measurements on seawater samples. The technical details of the instrumentation are presented together with flow injection (FI) manifolds for the determination of cadmium and zinc (by FL), lead (RTP) and cobalt (CL). The analytical figures of merit are given for each manifold and results are presented for the determination of the four trace metals in seawater reference materials (NASS-5, SLEW-2) and Scheldt estuarine water samples.

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Mamun, Ashraf Al. "Materiality of Disclosure of Non-financial Sustainability Information and Company Financial Performance: Evidence from Australian Listed Companies." American Journal of Trade and Policy 8, no. 2 (August 25, 2021): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v8i2.565.

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The broad objective of this paper is to investigate the relationships between the disclosure of non-financial material sustainability information and the financial performance of listed Australian companies in the materials sector. Using firm-level fixed-effects analysis for all companies, the findings show a mixed relationship (no relationship or statistically significant negative relationship) between lagged aggregate non-financial material sustainability disclosure and financial performance of Australian listed companies in the materials sector. The present study contributes to the existing literature on disclosure of non-financial sustainability information by adding insights into the materiality concept of non-financial sustainability disclosure in the Australian context. The evidence from the current study is expected to provide useful information for the companies’ stakeholders in Australia who use both financial and non-financial information for formulating business and regulatory policies and for decisions regarding the persistent expansion of sustainability reporting requirements. Funding Acknowledgement: This study is funded by the “Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship”.

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Ida Uswatun Hasanah. "Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru PAI dalam Menyusun RPP Berbasis Kecakapan Abad 21, Literasi dan HOTS melalui Workshop di SMP se-Depok Kabupaten Sleman." Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2020.51-08.

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The weakness of teachers in drafting the RPP based on 21st century, literacy and HOTS in particular, is still widely seen in the mismatch between basic competency (KD) and the formulation of indicators referring to 21st century learning, literacy and HOTS, not yet appropriate between the material and learning methods used, inconsistency between learning activities with selected methods and models. This is what causes the teacher not to maximally implement planning well in the learning process in the classroom. This research aims to improve the performance of PAI teachers in drafting RPP based on 21st century, literacy and HOTS through workshop activities in junior high school in Depok District, Sleman, 2019/2020. This research uses the method of research actions performed in three cycles. The results showed that workshop activities can improve the teacher's performance in achieving a well-formulated standard. The teacher's performance in drafting the RRP of 62.5% in cycle I increased to 73.75% in cycle II, and increased to 86.25% in the III cycle. The results of this surveillance action show that the implementation of workshops can improve teacher performance.

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Usami, A., A. Kitagawa, and T. Wada. "Spatial Inhomogeneities in Rapidly Thermal-Processed GaAs Wafer." MRS Proceedings 146 (1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-146-419.

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ABSTRACTThe spatial distributions of the midgap defect (EL2) concentration in semi-insulating liquid-encapsulated Czochralski GaAs wafers have been characterized by the contactless measurement of the optically injected carrier using reflectance microwave probe (RMP) method. The four-fold symmetrical distribution of EL2 in the (100) plane is observed in the 2 inch diameter GaAs wafer after rapid thermal processing(RTP). The deep level distribution in the RTP wafer corresponds to the crystallographic slip generation pattern obtained from x-ray topography. The correlation between the pattern of the redistributed EL2 concentration and the slip generation in the RTP wafer is suggested that the EL2 is produced by the large thermal stress during RTP. Furthermore, the distributions of EL2 center measured by the RMP method are compared with the dislocation patterns in undoped and In-doped GaAs wafers.

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Usami, A., H. Shiraki, H. Fujiwara, R. Abe, N. Osamura, M. Ichimura, and T. Wada. "Contactless Measurements of Slip Lines Intentionally Introduced in Si Wafers During Rapid Thermal Processing." MRS Proceedings 224 (1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-224-215.

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AbstractThe slip lines introduced in Si wafers during rapid thermal processing (RTP) were revealed with focused reflectance microwave probe (RMP) method. The signal intensity of RMP which is related to optically injected excess carrier concentration decreases at slip lines. The region in which the signal intensity decreased is in good agreement with results of X-ray topography and theoretical analysis considering thermal stress caused by temperature drop at the wafer periphery during RTP. According these results, it is considered that carrier lifetime is decreased by slip dislocations which are effective recombination centers.

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Kakoschek, R., and E. BuβMann. "Simulation of Temperature Effects during Rapid Thermal Processing." MRS Proceedings 146 (1989). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-146-473.

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ABSTRACTA complete theory of wafer heating during rapid thermal processing (RTP) is presented. Excellent agreement with experimental results of two commercial RTP systems is obtained. The temperature uniformity is limited by radiation loss at the wafer edge in the stationary state and by nonuniform illumination of the wafer during ramp-up. Structures on wafers are also potential sources for nonuniform heating. Considerable dynamic temperature inhomogeneities during rap-up might limitfu ture applications of RTPe specially when wafer sizes become larger. Possible improvements are suggested regarding adequate process cycling, chip and equipment design.

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Hoyt, J. L., P. Kuo, K. Rim, J. J. Welser, R. M. Emerson, and J. F. Gibbons. "Rapid Thermal Processing-Based Heteroepitaxy: Material and Device Challenges." MRS Proceedings 387 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-387-299.

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AbstractMaterial and device challenges for Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) of heterostructures are discussed, focusing on RTP-based epitaxy in the Si/Si1−xGex system. While RTP-based heteroepitaxy offers enhanced processing flexibility, it also poses significant challenges for temperature measurement and control. Several examples of Si/Si1−xGex device structures are discussed from the point of view of the sensitivity of device parameters to variations in layer thickness and composition. The measured growth kinetics for Si and Si1−xGex are then used to estimate growth temperature tolerances for these structures. Demanding applications are expected to require temperature control and uniformity to within 0.5°C.Future research challenges include the fabrication of structures with monolayer thickness control using self-limited growth techniques. Atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) is a well-known example of such a growth technique. In ALE, the wafer is cyclically exposed to different reactants, to achieve layer-by-layer growth. An RTP-based atomic layer epitaxy process, and its application to the growth of CdTe films, is briefly discussed. The extension to Column IV alloys follows readily. The RTP-based process enables self-limited growth for precursor combinations for which isothermal ALE is not feasible.

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Nulman, J., J. P. Krusius, and P. Renteln. "Material and Electrical Properties of Gate Dielectrics Grown by Rapid Thermal Processing." MRS Proceedings 52 (1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-52-341.

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ABSTRACTThe material and electrical characteristics of silicon dielectric films prepared via Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) are described. A commercial RTP system with heat provided by tungsten-halogen lamps was used. Silicon dioxide films were grown in pure oxygen and in oxygen with 4% hydrogen chloride ambients. As grown films were either annealed in a nitrogen ambient or nitrided in an ammonia ambient. Film thickness ranges from 4 to 70 nm for RTP times from 0 to 300 s at 1150 C. Current-voltage and capacitance-voltage methods were used for electrical characteristics. Ellipsometry, Auger and TEM were used for material characterization.

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Halloran, J. W., M. J. Neal, D. S. Ginley, E. L. Venturini, J. F. Kwak, R. J. Baughman, M. A. Mitchell, B. Morosin, S. N. Basu, and T. E. Mitchell. "Rapid Thermal Processing Of High Temperature Superconducting Fiber." MRS Proceedings 180 (1990). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-180-1003.

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ABSTRACTWe report on the rapid thermal processing (RTP) of YBa2Cu3O7 (Y-123) fibers. Unsintered fibers are densified by RTP. We show that fibers which were originally semiconducting and tetragonal before RTP form normal twinned orthorhombic material after processing for 2–4 seconds above 1000°C with a 3 min. cool down in oxygen. They subsequently show Tc to 90K and magnetization indicative of substantially shielding. We present the effects of varying the RTP parameters on the morphology, phase, and superconducting properties of a number of tetragonal and orthorhombic Y-123 fibers.

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Qin, Ke, Wenqi Gong, Jia Gao, Deping Hu, Huifang Shi, Wei Yao, Zhongfu An, and Huili Ma. "Theoretical Insight Into the Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of Nonplanar Aromatic Hydrocarbon." Frontiers in Chemistry 9 (September 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.740018.

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Purely aromatic hydrocarbon materials with ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) were reported recently, but which is universally recognized as unobservable. To reveal the inherent luminescent mechanism, two compounds, i.e., PT with a faint RTP and HD with strong RTP featured by nonplanar geometry, were chosen as a prototype to study their excited-state electronic structures by using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) model. It is demonstrated that the nonplanar ethylene brides can offer σ-electron to strengthen spin-orbit coupling (SOC) between singlet and triplet excited states, which can not only promote intersystem crossing (ISC) of S1→Tn to increase the population of triplet excitons, but also accelerate the radiative decay rate of T1→S0, and thus improving RTP. Impressively, the nonradiative decay rate only has a small increase, owing to the synergistic effect between the increase of SOC and the reduction of reorganization energy of T1→S0 caused by the restricted torsional motions of aromatic rings. Therefore, a bright and long-lived RTP was obtained in aromatic hydrocarbon materials with twisted structure. This work provided a new insight into the ultralong RTP in pure organic materials.

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Journal articles on the topic 'RTP materiál'

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