Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rubber and Polymeric Materials

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rubber and Polymeric Materials'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rubber and Polymeric Materials"

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Fox, Robert B. "Nomenclature of Polymeric Materials." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 68, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538755.

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Abstract The purpose of this brief review is to aquaint the authors and readers of Rubber Chemistry and Technology with the essentials of polymer nomenclature. To ensure quality communication, it is important that a common language be utilized that is understood, not only by those in the rubber and elastomers field, but by anyone in related areas of polymer science and technology as well. Traditional and trade names of polymeric materials often have time-honored meanings but are obscure or incomplete and frequently fail to convey reasonably accurate information. Many polymer and chemical names are at best ambiguous, but are easily correctable. The methods outlined here have been adopted by the Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC); their use in Rubber Chemistry and Technology is strongly recommended. Additional details will be found in the appropriate IUPAC publications. Note that for the purposes of this paper italics are generally used to set-off “names” for emphasis. However, when naming polymers for RC&T, Roman characters should generally be used with only the ‘connectives’ or ‘prefixes’ appearing in italics (see Table I). By convention, in manuscripts text that is to be printed in italics should be underlined.
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Caldona, Eugene B., Al Christopher C. De Leon, Bryan B. Pajarito, and Rigoberto C. Advincula. "A Review on Rubber-Enhanced Polymeric Materials." Polymer Reviews 57, no. 2 (October 21, 2016): 311–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2016.1247102.

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Plotnikova, R. N., V. I. Korchagin, L. V. Popova, and P. S. Repin. "Improvement of Environmental Safety in the Processing and Use of Elastomeric Waste." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-5-16-21.

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The possibilities of use of combined modifying additive in the production of polymeric materials from general-purpose rubber production wastes are considered. Such additives facilitate reduce of the exhaust of pollutants into the environment at the stage of waste processing. Inorganic salts, including sodium phosphate and ammonium sulfate in a certain ratio can be used as a combined modifying additive the results of the study confirm the advantages of using of this complex modifier in polymeric materials from rubber production waste to increase their resistance to thermal decomposition, fire and aggressive media in comparison with an unmodified product. It was demonstrated that the complex modifying additive is more compatible with ISK rubbers and less washed out from it than with SKS rubbers.
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Fazli, Ali, and Denis Rodrigue. "Waste Rubber Recycling: A Review on the Evolution and Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomers." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030782.

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Currently, plastics and rubbers are broadly being used to produce a wide range of products for several applications like automotive, building and construction, material handling, packaging, toys, etc. However, their waste (materials after their end of life) do not degrade and remain for a long period of time in the environment. The increase of polymeric waste materials’ generation (plastics and rubbers) in the world led to the need to develop suitable methods to reuse these waste materials and decrease their negative effects by simple disposal into the environment. Combustion and landfilling as traditional methods of polymer waste elimination have several disadvantages such as the formation of dust, fumes, and toxic gases in the air, as well as pollution of underground water resources. From the point of energy consumption and environmental issues, polymer recycling is the most efficient way to manage these waste materials. In the case of rubber recycling, the waste rubber can go through size reduction, and the resulting powders can be melt blended with thermoplastic resins to produce thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) compounds. TPE are multi-functional polymeric materials combining the processability of thermoplastics and the elasticity of rubbers. However, these materials show poor mechanical performance as a result of the incompatibility and immiscibility of most polymer blends. Therefore, the main problem associated with TPE production from recycled materials via melt blending is the low affinity and interaction between the thermoplastic matrix and the crosslinked rubber. This leads to phase separation and weak adhesion between both phases. In this review, the latest developments related to recycled rubbers in TPE are presented, as well as the different compatibilisation methods used to improve the adhesion between waste rubbers and thermoplastic resins. Finally, a conclusion on the current situation is provided with openings for future works.
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Ohba, Toshiyuki. "Polymeric Materials for Future Automobiles." International Polymer Science and Technology 45, no. 5 (May 2018): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1804500511.

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The most important challenge in automotive industries is to reduce global warming CO2 generation substantially to Zero. Electrification is the main trend to achieve this objective, such as EV, FCV and PHEV. Polymer materials are expected to contribute to this aspect as functional materials e.g. high thermal conductive electrical insulator. Vehicle weight reduction is the big factor to reduce vehicle running energy consumption. Module construction and component integration are quite effective for this purpose. CFRP is expected to contribute weight reduction for the future automotive application. Rubber components are also required weight reduction and demands for low running resistance tire is increasing. New application of polymer materials will be widely expected for the next generation automotive.
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LEE, OUK SUB, KYU SANG CHO, SUNG HYUN KIM, and YONG HWAN HAN. "DYNAMIC DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF SOFT MATERIAL USING SHPB TECHNIQUE AND PULSE SHAPER." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 3751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206040313.

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This paper presents a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique to obtain compressive stress strain data for NBR rubber materials. An experimental technique with a modified the conventional SHPB has been developed for measuring the compressive stress strain responses of materials with low mechanical impedance and low compressive strengths, such as the rubber and the polymeric material. This paper uses an aluminum pressure bar to achieve a closer impedance match between the pressure bar and the specimen materials. In addition, a pulse shaper is utilized to lengthen the rising time of the incident pulse to ensure dynamic stress equilibrium and homogeneous deformation of NBR rubber materials. It is found that the modified technique can determine the dynamic deformation behavior of rubbers more accurately.
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Cui, H. P., C. L. Song, W. M. Huang, C. C. Wang, and Y. Zhao. "Rubber-like electrically conductive polymeric materials with shape memory." Smart Materials and Structures 22, no. 5 (April 12, 2013): 055024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/5/055024.

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Yanov, Vladislav V., Rishat R. Yusupov, and Lyubov A. Zenitova. "Fungal Resistance of Polymeric Composite Materials Based on Polypropylene and Natural Rubber." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.759.

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Research has been carried out to assess the impact of mold fungi on polymer composite materials based on polypropylene produced by Omsk Polypropylene Plant LLC and unrefined natural rubber produced in Vietnam, grade RSS-1. The amount of natural rubber varied up to 15% of the mass. The fungal resistance of the compositions to the following types of fungi was assessed: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Chaetomium globosum, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichoderma viredens. The decrease in the weight of the samples after incubation depends on the content of natural rubber in the composition. With the content of natural rubber in the composition in an amount of 1%, the average weight loss is 0.4% by weight, and when the content of natural rubber is 15% by weight. already ~ 2% of the mass. Starting with the addition of natural rubber in an amount of 1% by weight, the growth of fungi occurs, and the degree of their development is characterized by points 3-5. The resulting compositions are biodegradable, susceptible to the action of fungi, and, therefore, the manufacture of materials based on them will be an environmentally friendly alternative for further use.
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Salih, Sihama I., Jawad K. Oleiwi, and Hajir M. Ali. "STUDY SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC BLENDS (SR/ PMMA)." IRAQI JOURNAL FOR MECHANICAL AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 18, no. 4 (January 6, 2019): 538–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32852/iqjfmme.v18i4.235.

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Many face organs are exposed to different environmental conditions in terms of different ofambient temperature, degradation, discoloration, changes in humidity and especiallyfrequent washing of these organs. These conditions cause changes in the structure ofmaterials so, for restoring the function and improving aesthetics of the affected areas ofmaxillofacial by surgical reconstruction and prosthetic rehabilitation the silicone rubbers(SR) and PMMA are the materials of choice. So that, the aim of this research is toinvestigate the effect of addition of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material on thephysical properties of blends from SR/PMMA at different weight percentage (5%, 10%,15% and 20%) of PMMA to silicone rubber. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer test )FTIR(, density, water absorption and thermal properties were done on the all preparedsamples, which are used for maxillofacial prostheses applications. The results showed thatthere is good correlation in FTIR spectrum for reference silicone rubber and (SR/PMMA)polymer blend and this confer a good compatibility between silicone rubber matrix materialand PMMA. As well as the physical properties showed that the favorite percent of PMMA is10% which has ideal characteristic. So, this sample may be a suitable material to achieve theproperties required for maxillofacial prosthetic applications.
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Mead, J. L., Z. Tao, and H. S. Liu. "Insulation Materials for Wire and Cable Applications." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 75, no. 4 (September 1, 2002): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3544996.

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Abstract A wide range of polymers has been used for wire and cable insulation. Older materials include natural, butyl, and styrene-butadiene rubber. Newer materials include crosslinked polyethylene, silicone rubber, ethylene-propylene elastomers, and thermoplastic elastomers. Properties of importance to electrical insulation ability include dielectric constant, resistivity, dielectric loss, and dielectric strength. Flame resistance is also important in certain applications. This paper reviews the different polymeric materials used in cable constructions and the important electrical properties for material selection.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rubber and Polymeric Materials"

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Ren, Xianjie ren. "Improving sustainability of rubber composites with renewable additives and epoxidized guayule natural rubber." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574440536318129.

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Huas, Hugo, and Titouan Jérome. "Artificial Spider Web : Selection of Polymeric Materials for Special Effects Applications." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298418.

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Artificial  spider  webs  are  a  challenge  for  the  special  effects  companies.   The natural  spider webs  are  displaying  incredible  mechanical  properties  combined with  a  low  density  and  a  high stickiness making them hard to reproduce. Throughout this project the aim is to produce artificial spider  webs  using  a specific  manufacturing  method,  pouring  a  mix  of  polymer  and  Naphtha  oil into  water  to  form  the  webs.   This  method  was  used  in  previous  cinematic applications  giving outstanding results for the artificial spider webs.  Unfortunately, due to the loss of it, the specific parameters,  tools and raw materials have to be found.  A material selection is given leading to a specific choice of thermoplastic polymers.  The selected material are then tested manually so they can be listed depending on the results obtained.  Finally, the most promising material seems to be TPU, thermoplastic polyurethane;  thanks to its excellent mechanical properties and good visual aspect.
Konstgjord  spindelväv  är  en  utmaning  för  specialeffektföretag.   De  naturliga spindelnäten visar  otroliga  mekaniska  egenskaper  i  kombination  med  låg densitet  och  hög  klibbighet  vilket gör  dem  svåra  att  reproducera.    Under hela  detta  projekt  är  målet  att  producera  konstgjord spindelväv med hjälp av en specifik tillverkningsmetod, hälla en blandning av polymer och naftaolja i vatten för att bilda näten.  Denna metod användes i tidigare filmiska applikationer och gav enastående resultat för de konstgjorda spindelnäten.  Tyvärr, på grund av förlusten av det, måste de specifika parametrarna, verktygen och råvarorna hittas. Ett materialval ges vilket leder till ett specifikt val av termoplastiska polymerer. Det valda materialet testas sedan manuellt så att de kan listas beroende på de erhållna resultaten.  Slutligen verkar det mest lovande materialet vara TPU, termoplastisk polyuretan; på grund av dess utmärkta mekaniska egenskaper och bra visuella aspekt.
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Liu, Ruofan. "A Novel Methodology for Durability Assessment of Rubber Materials." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1525784654741047.

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Bocchieri, Robert Thomas. "Time-dependent deformation of a nonlinear viscoelastic rubber-toughened fiber composite with growing damage /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008280.

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Hernodh, Svantesson Isabelle, and Jakobsson Saga Grånäs. "An analysis of creating plastic material based on the microalgae Scenedesmus." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254367.

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The microalgae Scenedesmus Bloom are grown in sewage environment and contains, among other things, polymers of saccharides. The polysaccharides can possibly be extracted and used for the manufacturing of plastic material. The algae have a strong cell wall, can grow fast in severe external conditions and shows good ability to capture carbon dioxide. This study attempts to extract polymers from the algae, which will be used to create plastic films based on the microalgae. Analyses were made to determine which method gave the best results. The extraction methods that were performed were acid hydrothermal extraction, ultrasonic extraction and a combination of both methods. Before the extraction took place, preparation of the algae was performed. The preparation consisted of grinding the algae and washing the algae with acetone. The washing methods used in this study showed to not have a big influence and was therefore considered unnecessary. After the extraction, methods as dialysis and freezedrying were performed, for purification and drying of the extracted material. Finally, plastic films were made by a mixture of the extracted material and carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt. Successful films were created from extracted material from washed algae that had undergone ultrasonic extraction and from unwashed algae that had undergone the acid hydrothermal extraction. The study showed that washed algae that had undergone ultrasonic extraction gave the best results. The created films were very brittle and without the addition of any additives, no useful applications could be found.
Mikroalgen Scenedesmus Bloom odlas i avloppsmiljö och innehåller, bland annat, polymerer av sackarider. Polysackariderna kan eventuellt extraheras och användas för tillverkning av plastmaterial. Algerna har en stark cellvägg, kan växa i svåra yttre förhållanden och visar god förmåga på att fånga koldioxid. I denna studie görs försök att extrahera polymerer från algerna för att sedan tillverka plastfilmer baserade på mikroalgerna. Analyser gjordes för att bestämma vilken metod som gav de bästa resultaten. De extraktionsmetoder som utfördes var hydrotermisk extraktion med syra, ultraljudsextraktion och en kombination av båda metoderna. Innan extraktionsmetoderna ägde rum, utfördes förbehandling på algerna, vilket bestod av malning och tvättning med aceton. De tvättningsmetoder som användes i denna studie visade sig ha en tämligen liten effekt och ansågs därför som onödiga. Efter extraktionsmetoderna utfördes även metoder som dialys och frystorkning för rening och torkning av det extraherade materialet från algerna. Slutligen framställdes plastfilmer genom en blandning av det extraherade materialet och karboximetylcellulosa. Lyckade filmer skapades från extraherat material från tvättad alg som genomgått ultraljudsextraktion och från otvättad alg som genomgått hydrotermisk extraktion med syra. Det visade sig att tvättad alg som genomgått ultraljudsextraktionen gav bäst resultat. Plastfilmerna var mycket spröda och utan tillsatser kunde inga direkta tillämpningar ses.
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Ekhagen, Sebastian. "Stability of electron acceptor materials for organic solar cells : a work function study of C60/C70 derivatives and N2200." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72727.

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Thin films of the fullerenes PC60BM and PC70BM and the non-fullerene N2200, three popular electron acceptor materials in organic photovoltaics, have been studied, using both the Kelvin probe method as well as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. With these methods the work function was measured, as well as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) onset. Additionally band bending effects were studied by illuminating the samples while measuring the work function with the Kelvin probe so called surface photovoltage. Sample of each material was exposed to either air and simulated sunlight or N2 and simulated sunlight, for different length of time, to observe how the materials work function evolves after exposure to the different conditions. It was observed that, as expected from previous studies, that PC60BM was less photo-stable than PC70BM. Additionally, the work function of PC60BM changed significantly by storage in N2. Each material after exposure for 24h to air and light, was annealed and measured with the Kelvin probe. A restoring effect was observed,  for the non-fullerene material N2200. All three materials developed an increasing surface photovoltage, which suggest increased band bending, when exposed to air and light, indicating that due phot-oxidization, charges are redistributed at the surface of the film. The fullerenes showed a larger surface photovoltage effect than the non-fullerene materials. A difference between the work function values obtained from the Kelvin probe method and the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy could be seen, however the exact reason for this couldn't be isolated within this thesis, but was discussed.
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Nayel, Sadek. "Återvinning av PLA-rester från additiv tillverkning genom smältning och extrudering till nytt filament." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55427.

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The following report refers to a thesis project at the undergraduate level in innovation and product design, at Mälardalen university. The project has been carried out for Mälardalen University's workshop, which needs a machine that can recycle PLA waste. The work involved developing a concept that is economically defensible and performs at the same level as existing machines in the surrounding price range. The problem statements to be answered are the following:• What components are required for extrusion of PLA?• Which inclination is the most efficient for extrusion of PLA?The product development process described in Ulrich and Eppinger (2014), the 6 product development phases, has been the basis for the execution of this thesis project. The client's wishes, which were divided into two different categories, absolute requirements, and desirable requirements, were fulfilled in part through a theoretical concept that will later result in a physical concept.A decision matrix was drawn up to be able to decide which concept the thesis project should continue with. Concept 3 became the concept that received the most points in the matrix. The concept was based on different inclinations of the machine, and which would be most efficient in terms of time and as few components as possible. This concept was further developed in the CAD program Solidworks with a vertical setup with all the components. The vertical design means that the PLA wire does not need to be actively cooled but is instead cooled in room temperature. The total cost for the components that were ordered was around SEK 6400 (excluding what the school already has). In terms of price, this is far below the machine that is between the cheapest and the most expensive machine.The theoretical part of the work has been delivered to Henrik Lekryd and it has been well received. But no physical machine has yet been built because the ordered components have had a long delivery time. This will happen in the near future.The second question has not been answered either, as this requires a physical machine to finally calculate the machine's capacity in the selected slope (vertically). The vertical slope was chosen so that there is not a need for additional components for cooling filaments, such as water baths or fans.For further work, it is recommended, among other things, that a physical prototype is built to see what problems may arise and see the shortcomings in the selected components. A gearbox may need to be used to not overload the stepper motor. For a more durable and stable machine, metal is a better material to build the frame of, than the theoretically proposed material, MDF.
Följande rapport är avser ett examensarbete som har utförts på grundnivå på högskoleingenjörsprogrammet, inom innovation och produktdesign vid Mälardalens Högskola. Projektarbetet har utförts åt Mälardalens Högskolas verkstad som är i behov en maskin som kan återvinna PLA-skräp. Arbetet innebar att ta fram ett koncept som är ekonomiskt försvarbart och presterar på samma nivå som befintliga maskiner i kringliggande prisklass. De frågeställningar som ska besvaras är följande:• Vilka komponenter krävs för extrudering av PLA?• Vilken lutning är mest effektiv för extrudering av PLA?Produktutvecklingsprocessen som beskrivs i Ulrich och Eppinger (2014), de 6 produktutvecklingsfaserna, har varit grunden för utförandet av detta projektarbete. Uppdragsgivarens önskemål som delades upp i två olika kategorier, absoluta krav och önskvärda krav, uppfylldes delvis genom ett teoretiskt koncept som i senare skede ska resultera i ett fysiskt koncept.En beslutmatris uträttades för att kunna ta ett beslut kring vilket koncept som projektarbetet ska fortsätta med. Koncept 3 blev det koncept som fick flest poäng i matrisen. Koncepten byggde på olika lutningar av maskinen och vilket som skulle vara mest effektivt tidsmässigt och med så få komponenter som möjligt. Detta koncept vidareutvecklades i CAD-programmet Solidworks med en vertikal uppsättning av alla komponenter. Den vertikala designen innebär att filamentet inte behöver kylas ner aktivt, utan den kyls ner i rumstemperatur. Den totala kostnaden för de komponenter som beställdes blev cirka 6400kr (exklusiv det som skolan redan har). Detta hamnar prismässigt, långt under den maskin som är mellan den billigaste och den dyraste maskinen.Den teoretiska delen av arbetet har levererats till Henrik Lekryd och det har mottagits väl. Men någon fysisk maskin har ännu inte byggts eftersom de beställda komponenterna har haft lång leveranstid. Detta kommer att ske inom en snar framtid.Den andra frågeställning har inte heller besvarats eftersom för detta krävs en fysisk maskin för att slutligen räkna ut maskinen kapacitet i den valda lutningen (vertikalt). Den vertikala lutningen valdes för att inte behöva använda fler komponenter för kylning av filament, såsom vattenbad eller fläkt.För fortsatt arbete rekommenderas bland annat att en fysisk prototyp byggs för att se vilka problem som kan dyka upp och se bristerna i de valda komponenterna. En växellåda kan komma att behöva användas för att inte belasta stegmotorn. För en tåligare och stadigare maskin är metall ett bättre material att bygga ramen av än det i teoretiskt föreslagna materialet, MDF.
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Voytyuk, Nazariy. "Recycling of Polypropylene and Polyamide Blends Using Thermomechanical Recycling." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277883.

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The aim of the thesis was to recycle a common carpet waste containing polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP) polymers with thermomechanical recycling. The produced products were compared to neat polymer materials. The recycled material underwent the thermomechanical process which includes shredding and extruding. The created filament was analyzed using various analysis techniques including FTIR, SEM, DSC and tensile testing for the mechanical properties. The filament was later evaluated with a 3D printer to see if a product could be made from the material. Filament containing recycled carpet material was used to create a 3D printed product, thus the method seems promising. The results from the structural analysis techniques showed that degradation of the polymers occurred after multiple recycling cycles, mostly of the PA6 polymer. The mechanical properties with the addition of recycled carpet to a blend of neat materials show similar properties when compared to only neat material. In conclusion, it is possible to 3D print recycled carp inted product so the method seems viable for future applications.
Syftet med avhandlingen var att återvinna en vanlig matta som innehåller polyamid-6- och polypropenpolymerer med termomekanisk återvinning och jämföra produkten med rena polymermaterial. Det återvunna materialet tillverkades med den termomekaniska processen som inkluderar malning och strängsprutning (extrudering). Filamentet analyseras med olika analystekniker inklusive FTIR, SEM, DSC och dragprovning för mekaniska egenskaper. Filamentet testas sedan med en 3D-skrivare för att se om en produkt kan tillverkas av materialet. Filamentet med återvunnen matta användes för att skapa en 3D-skriven produkt, därför verkar metoden lovande. Resultaten från analysteknikerna visade polymererna bröts ner efter flera återvinningscykler, mestadels av PA6-polymeren. De mekaniska egenskaperna med tillsats av återvunnet matta till en blandning av rena material visar liknande egenskaper jämfört med endast rena material. Sammanfattningsvis är det möjligt att 3D-skriva med återvunnet mattfilament för att skapa en 3D-skriven produkt, metoden verkar lovande.
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Lee, Adrian James. "Synthesis, morphology and properties of rubber-modified cast acrylic sheet materials." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263771.

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Bacigalupo, Lauren N. "Fracture behavior of nano-scale rubber-modified epoxies." Thesis, Lehigh University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3598871.

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The primary focus of the first portion of this study is to compare physical and mechanical properties of a model epoxy that has been toughened with one of three different types of rubber-based modifier: a traditional telechelic oligomer (phase separates into micro-size particles), a core-shell latex particle (preformed nano-scale particles) and a triblock copolymer (self-assembles into nano-scale particles). The effect of modifier content on the physical properties of the matrix was determined using several thermal analysis methods, which provided insight into any inherent alterations of the epoxy matrix. Although the primary objective is to study the role of particle size on the fracture toughness, stiffness and strength were also determined since these properties are often reduced in rubber-toughened epoxies. It was found that since the CSR- and SBM-modified epoxies are composed of less rubber, thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy were better maintained. In order to better understand the fracture behavior and mechanisms of the three types of rubber particles utilized in this study, extensive microscopy analysis was conducted. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used to quantify the volume fraction of particles, transmission optical microscopy (TOM) was used to determine plastic damage zone size, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess void growth in the plastic zone after fracture. By quantifying these characteristics, it was then possible to model the plastic damage zone size as well as the fracture toughness to elucidate the behavior of the rubber-modified epoxies. It was found that localized shear yielding and matrix void growth are the active toughening mechanisms in all rubber-modified epoxies in this study, however, matrix void growth was more prevalent. The second portion of this study investigated the use of three acrylate-based triblocks and four acrylate-based diblocks to modify a model epoxy system. By varying block lengths and the polarity of the epoxy-miscible blocks, a variety of morphologies were generated (such as spherical micelles, layer particles and worm-like micelles). It was found that in some cases, the epoxy-miscible block did not yield domains substantial enough to facilitate increases in toughness. Overall, the thermal and mechanical properties of the acrylate-based triblock- and diblock-modified epoxies were found to be similar to CTBN-modified epoxy, which was used as a control. However, there were properties that were improved with the acrylate-based diblock-modified epoxies when compared to the acrylate-based triblock modified epoxies. Specifically, the viscosity penalty of the diblock-modified epoxies was shown to be a marked improvement over the triblock-modified epoxies, especially given that the fracture toughness values are similar. This reduction in the viscosity penalty becomes an important criterion when considering processing procedures and applications. Additionally, comparing the morphology of the resulting modified-epoxies utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) led to a better understanding of the relationship between the particle morphology obtained and the physical properties of the acrylate-based rubber-modified epoxy systems in this research.

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Books on the topic "Rubber and Polymeric Materials"

1

Drake, Neil. Polymeric materials in aggressive environments: A report from Rapra's Industry Analysis Department. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Rapra Technology Limited, 1997.

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H, Yasuda, and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Plasma polymerization and plasma interactions with polymeric materials: Proceedings of the Symposium on Plasma Polymerization and Plasma Interactions with Polymeric Materials, held at the ACS 199th National Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, April 1990. New York, NY: Wiley, 1990.

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Materials science of polymers: Plastics, rubber, blends, and composites. Oakville, ON: Apple Academic Press, 2015.

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Vilgis, T. A. Reinforcement of polymer nano-composites. Cambridge: Cambride University Press, 2009.

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Ehrenstein, Gottfried W. Polymeric Materials. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446434134.

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Polymeric building materials. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1989.

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Braden, Michael. Polymeric Dental Materials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997.

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Kim, Jin Kuk, Sabu Thomas, and Prosenjit Saha, eds. Multicomponent Polymeric Materials. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7324-9.

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Braden, Michael, Richard L. Clarke, Sandra Parker, and John Nicholson. Polymeric Dental Materials. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60537-6.

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Korugic-Karasz, Ljiljana S., William J. MacKnight, and Ezio Martuscelli, eds. New Polymeric Materials. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0916.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rubber and Polymeric Materials"

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Donald, A. M. "Failure mechanisms in polymeric materials." In Rubber Toughened Engineering Plastics, 1–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1260-4_1.

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Shima, Hiroshi. "Cross-Linked Rubber." In Computer Simulation of Polymeric Materials, 229–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0815-3_15.

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Walker, I., and A. A. Collyer. "Rubber toughening mechanisms in polymeric materials." In Rubber Toughened Engineering Plastics, 29–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1260-4_2.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Rubber Materials." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 640. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10193.

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Dreyfuss, P., R. D. Vargo, R. S. Miller, and R. Bright. "Rubber Coatings for Fiberglass Protection in an Alkaline Environment." In Polymeric Materials for Corrosion Control, 349–59. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0322.ch031.

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Chmielewski, Andrzej G. "Radiation Crosslinking for the Cable, Rubber and Healthcare Products Industry." In Radiation Effects in Polymeric Materials, 369–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05770-1_12.

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Morita, Hiroshi. "Filler-Filled Rubbers." In Computer Simulation of Polymeric Materials, 269–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0815-3_17.

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Vergnaud, Jean-Maurice. "Drying of Rubbers." In Drying of Polymeric and Solid Materials, 183–214. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1954-8_11.

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Khalid, Mohammad, Rashmi Walvekar, Mohammad Reza Ketabchi, Humaira Siddiqui, and M. Enamul Hoque. "Rubber/Nanoclay Composites: Towards Advanced Functional Materials." In Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites, 209–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1953-1_9.

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bin W. Zin, Wan Manshol. "Radiation Vulcanisation Natural Rubber Latex and its Properties." In Polymers and Other Advanced Materials, 701–8. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0502-4_72.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rubber and Polymeric Materials"

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Nituica, Mihaela, Laurentia Alexandrescu, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, Maria Daniela Stelescu, Dana Gurau, Carmen Curutiu, and Stefania Stoleriu. "Biodegradable polymeric composite based on EPDM rubber and functionalized elastomeric waste." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.13.

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Elastomeric and plastic materials are used in different sectors of the European Union, and their recycling and reuse is still at a low level, compared to other types of waste (paper, glass, etc.). By approaching an efficient global strategy related to waste management, it is possible to make the transition to a circular economy with low CO2 emissions, offering the population a cleaner and safer environment. Due to the transformation of waste by various methods into new value-added products, we can say that their life cycle contributes to the efficiency of the economy and to the reduction of the negative impact on the environment. Research can make a difference in preventing the generation of technological and post-consumer polymeric waste by making biodegradable polymer composites that are harmless to the environment and ecosystem. The biodegradable polymer composites based on EPDM elastomer and rubber waste (rubber powder) were made on equipment specific to elastomers and characterized rheologically and physically-mechanically according to the standards in force.
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Nagarajan, Pratapkumar, and Donggang Yao. "Rubber-Assisted Hot Embossing for Structuring Thin Polymer Film Polymeric Films." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15297.

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Precision structured polymer thin films with microstructures comparable to or greater than the film thickness are highly desired in many applications. Such micro-patterned thin films, however, are difficult to fabricate using the standard hot embossing technology where both halves of the mold are made of hard materials. This study investigated a rubber-assisted embossing process for structuring thin polymer films. The advantages of the rubber backup instead of a hard support include but are not limited to 1) simplifying the embossing tool, 2) protecting the embossing master, 3) facilitating embossing pressure buildup, and 4) accommodating conformal forming of microscale shell patterns. Several design and process variables including rubber hardness, embossing temperature, embossing pressure and holding time were carefully studied. Thin polystyrene films in a thickness of 25 μm were accurately patterned with microgrooves of characteristic dimensions on the order of 100 μm.
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Benseddiq, Noureddine, Moussa Nai¨t-Abdelaziz, and Nai¨ma Belayachi. "Numerical Modelling of Cavitation in Polymer-Rubber Blends." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61258.

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In the present study we have investigated the mechanical behaviour of multi-phase solid materials by using the micro-macro computational approach. Spherical rubber particles embedded in amorphous glassy polymer matrix are taken into account as the heterogeneous composite system. In order to predict the micromechanical deformation behaviour of the composite, we propose a combination of an appropriate elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equation describing the nonlinear behaviour of the polymeric matrix with a hyperelastic model for the rubbery phase. The dependence of the macroscopic stress-strain behaviour of matrix deformation, on cavitation of rubber particles is discussed. In order to describe the cavitation of the rubber particles, a criterion of void nucleation is implemented in the F. E. code. A comparison of the numerically predicted response with experimental result indicates that the numerical homogenisation analysis gives quite satisfactory prediction results.
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Husna, Z. N. I., and A. R. Azura. "Utilization of natural rubber latex as raw materials for rubber shoe outsole." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS, MINERALS & POLYMER (MAMIP) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0016152.

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Hill, Andrea B., Richard O. Claus, Jennifer H. Lalli, Jeffrey B. Mecham, Bradley A. Davis, Richard M. Goff, and Sumitra Subrahmanayan. "Metal Rubber electrodes for active polymer devices." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.597737.

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Santhamma, G., P. Predeep, P. Predeep, S. Prasanth, and A. S. Prasad. "Organic Semiconducting Materials in Film and Powder Forms from a Co-polymeric Elastomer-Styrene Butadiene Rubber." In THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AND DEVICES: IVth National Conference on Thermophysical Properties - NCTP'07. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2927557.

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Alexandrescu, Laurentia, Mihai Georgescu, Maria Sonmez, Mihaela Nituica, and Maria Daniela Stelescu. "Development and characterization of biodegradable polymeric composites based on butadiene-co-acrylonitrile rubber and functionalized postconsumer wood waste." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.1.

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In a circular economy, the value of products and materials is maintained as much as possible; waste and resource use are kept to a minimum, and resources do not leave the economic flow once they reach the end of their life, but are reused and create further value. The paper presents the obtaining and characterization of a composite based on butadiene-co-acrylonitrile rubber - continuous phase, where are added post-consumer recycled wood particles, with dimensions of 500 nm - discontinuous phase, and ingredients, such as: active fillers, plasticizers, vulcanizing agents, antioxidants. Wood waste acts as a filling material which leads to the biodegradability of the composite and the decrease in density. The small size of the waste particles and their functionalization with potassium oleate leads to the formation of bonds between the matrix and the particles so that the physical-mechanical characteristics of the composite correspond to the requirements of the products obtained from it.
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Jung, Kwangmok, J. H. Lee, M. S. Cho, Ja Choon Koo, Jae-do Nam, Y. K. Lee, and Hyouk Ryeol Choi. "Development of enhanced synthetic rubber for energy efficient polymer actuators." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.658149.

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Nasution, Diana Adnanda, Hanafi Ismail, Basuki Wirjosentono, and Tamrin Tamrin. "The effect of sepiolite loading on curing and tensile properties of sepiolite filled natural rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber (SMR L/SBR) blends." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS, MINERALS & POLYMER (MAMIP) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0015958.

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Alias, N. F., H. Ismail, and K. I. K. Marsilla. "The effect of type of rubber and kenaf loading on water absorption, impact properties and morphology of polylactic acid/rubber/kenaf biocomposite." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS, MINERALS & POLYMER (MAMIP) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0016526.

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Reports on the topic "Rubber and Polymeric Materials"

1

Vaia, Richard A. Polymeric Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518318.

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Mark, J. E. High-Performance Polymeric Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203945.

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Maranas, Janna K. Multiscale Modeling of Polymeric Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/907964.

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Kumar, Binod. Polymeric Materials for Battery Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231512.

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Doering, C., M. Bier, and K. Christodoulou. Diffusive transport in modern polymeric materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/381775.

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Moerner, W. E., and R. J. Twieg. Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymeric Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410600.

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Liu, Di-Jia, and Luping Yu. Nanostructured polymeric materials for hydrogen storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171719.

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Moerner, W. E., and Jay Siegel. Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymeric Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368206.

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Siegel, Jay S., and W. E. Moerner. Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymeric Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419854.

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Moerner, W. E. Mechanisms of Photorefractivity in Polymeric Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada383501.

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