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Ren, Xianjie ren. "Improving sustainability of rubber composites with renewable additives and epoxidized guayule natural rubber." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574440536318129.
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Huas, Hugo, and Titouan Jérome. "Artificial Spider Web : Selection of Polymeric Materials for Special Effects Applications." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298418.
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Artificial spider webs are a challenge for the special effects companies. The natural spider webs are displaying incredible mechanical properties combined with a low density and a high stickiness making them hard to reproduce. Throughout this project the aim is to produce artificial spider webs using a specific manufacturing method, pouring a mix of polymer and Naphtha oil into water to form the webs. This method was used in previous cinematic applications giving outstanding results for the artificial spider webs. Unfortunately, due to the loss of it, the specific parameters, tools and raw materials have to be found. A material selection is given leading to a specific choice of thermoplastic polymers. The selected material are then tested manually so they can be listed depending on the results obtained. Finally, the most promising material seems to be TPU, thermoplastic polyurethane; thanks to its excellent mechanical properties and good visual aspect.Konstgjord spindelväv är en utmaning för specialeffektföretag. De naturliga spindelnäten visar otroliga mekaniska egenskaper i kombination med låg densitet och hög klibbighet vilket gör dem svåra att reproducera. Under hela detta projekt är målet att producera konstgjord spindelväv med hjälp av en specifik tillverkningsmetod, hälla en blandning av polymer och naftaolja i vatten för att bilda näten. Denna metod användes i tidigare filmiska applikationer och gav enastående resultat för de konstgjorda spindelnäten. Tyvärr, på grund av förlusten av det, måste de specifika parametrarna, verktygen och råvarorna hittas. Ett materialval ges vilket leder till ett specifikt val av termoplastiska polymerer. Det valda materialet testas sedan manuellt så att de kan listas beroende på de erhållna resultaten. Slutligen verkar det mest lovande materialet vara TPU, termoplastisk polyuretan; på grund av dess utmärkta mekaniska egenskaper och bra visuella aspekt.
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Liu, Ruofan. "A Novel Methodology for Durability Assessment of Rubber Materials." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1525784654741047.
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Bocchieri, Robert Thomas. "Time-dependent deformation of a nonlinear viscoelastic rubber-toughened fiber composite with growing damage /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008280.
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Hernodh, Svantesson Isabelle, and Jakobsson Saga Grånäs. "An analysis of creating plastic material based on the microalgae Scenedesmus." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254367.
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The microalgae Scenedesmus Bloom are grown in sewage environment and contains, among other things, polymers of saccharides. The polysaccharides can possibly be extracted and used for the manufacturing of plastic material. The algae have a strong cell wall, can grow fast in severe external conditions and shows good ability to capture carbon dioxide. This study attempts to extract polymers from the algae, which will be used to create plastic films based on the microalgae. Analyses were made to determine which method gave the best results. The extraction methods that were performed were acid hydrothermal extraction, ultrasonic extraction and a combination of both methods. Before the extraction took place, preparation of the algae was performed. The preparation consisted of grinding the algae and washing the algae with acetone. The washing methods used in this study showed to not have a big influence and was therefore considered unnecessary. After the extraction, methods as dialysis and freezedrying were performed, for purification and drying of the extracted material. Finally, plastic films were made by a mixture of the extracted material and carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt. Successful films were created from extracted material from washed algae that had undergone ultrasonic extraction and from unwashed algae that had undergone the acid hydrothermal extraction. The study showed that washed algae that had undergone ultrasonic extraction gave the best results. The created films were very brittle and without the addition of any additives, no useful applications could be found.Mikroalgen Scenedesmus Bloom odlas i avloppsmiljö och innehåller, bland annat, polymerer av sackarider. Polysackariderna kan eventuellt extraheras och användas för tillverkning av plastmaterial. Algerna har en stark cellvägg, kan växa i svåra yttre förhållanden och visar god förmåga på att fånga koldioxid. I denna studie görs försök att extrahera polymerer från algerna för att sedan tillverka plastfilmer baserade på mikroalgerna. Analyser gjordes för att bestämma vilken metod som gav de bästa resultaten. De extraktionsmetoder som utfördes var hydrotermisk extraktion med syra, ultraljudsextraktion och en kombination av båda metoderna. Innan extraktionsmetoderna ägde rum, utfördes förbehandling på algerna, vilket bestod av malning och tvättning med aceton. De tvättningsmetoder som användes i denna studie visade sig ha en tämligen liten effekt och ansågs därför som onödiga. Efter extraktionsmetoderna utfördes även metoder som dialys och frystorkning för rening och torkning av det extraherade materialet från algerna. Slutligen framställdes plastfilmer genom en blandning av det extraherade materialet och karboximetylcellulosa. Lyckade filmer skapades från extraherat material från tvättad alg som genomgått ultraljudsextraktion och från otvättad alg som genomgått hydrotermisk extraktion med syra. Det visade sig att tvättad alg som genomgått ultraljudsextraktionen gav bäst resultat. Plastfilmerna var mycket spröda och utan tillsatser kunde inga direkta tillämpningar ses.
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Ekhagen, Sebastian. "Stability of electron acceptor materials for organic solar cells : a work function study of C60/C70 derivatives and N2200." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72727.
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Thin films of the fullerenes PC60BM and PC70BM and the non-fullerene N2200, three popular electron acceptor materials in organic photovoltaics, have been studied, using both the Kelvin probe method as well as ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. With these methods the work function was measured, as well as the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) onset. Additionally band bending effects were studied by illuminating the samples while measuring the work function with the Kelvin probe so called surface photovoltage. Sample of each material was exposed to either air and simulated sunlight or N2 and simulated sunlight, for different length of time, to observe how the materials work function evolves after exposure to the different conditions. It was observed that, as expected from previous studies, that PC60BM was less photo-stable than PC70BM. Additionally, the work function of PC60BM changed significantly by storage in N2. Each material after exposure for 24h to air and light, was annealed and measured with the Kelvin probe. A restoring effect was observed, for the non-fullerene material N2200. All three materials developed an increasing surface photovoltage, which suggest increased band bending, when exposed to air and light, indicating that due phot-oxidization, charges are redistributed at the surface of the film. The fullerenes showed a larger surface photovoltage effect than the non-fullerene materials. A difference between the work function values obtained from the Kelvin probe method and the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy could be seen, however the exact reason for this couldn't be isolated within this thesis, but was discussed.
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Nayel, Sadek. "Återvinning av PLA-rester från additiv tillverkning genom smältning och extrudering till nytt filament." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55427.
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The following report refers to a thesis project at the undergraduate level in innovation and product design, at Mälardalen university. The project has been carried out for Mälardalen University's workshop, which needs a machine that can recycle PLA waste. The work involved developing a concept that is economically defensible and performs at the same level as existing machines in the surrounding price range. The problem statements to be answered are the following:• What components are required for extrusion of PLA?• Which inclination is the most efficient for extrusion of PLA?The product development process described in Ulrich and Eppinger (2014), the 6 product development phases, has been the basis for the execution of this thesis project. The client's wishes, which were divided into two different categories, absolute requirements, and desirable requirements, were fulfilled in part through a theoretical concept that will later result in a physical concept.A decision matrix was drawn up to be able to decide which concept the thesis project should continue with. Concept 3 became the concept that received the most points in the matrix. The concept was based on different inclinations of the machine, and which would be most efficient in terms of time and as few components as possible. This concept was further developed in the CAD program Solidworks with a vertical setup with all the components. The vertical design means that the PLA wire does not need to be actively cooled but is instead cooled in room temperature. The total cost for the components that were ordered was around SEK 6400 (excluding what the school already has). In terms of price, this is far below the machine that is between the cheapest and the most expensive machine.The theoretical part of the work has been delivered to Henrik Lekryd and it has been well received. But no physical machine has yet been built because the ordered components have had a long delivery time. This will happen in the near future.The second question has not been answered either, as this requires a physical machine to finally calculate the machine's capacity in the selected slope (vertically). The vertical slope was chosen so that there is not a need for additional components for cooling filaments, such as water baths or fans.For further work, it is recommended, among other things, that a physical prototype is built to see what problems may arise and see the shortcomings in the selected components. A gearbox may need to be used to not overload the stepper motor. For a more durable and stable machine, metal is a better material to build the frame of, than the theoretically proposed material, MDF.Följande rapport är avser ett examensarbete som har utförts på grundnivå på högskoleingenjörsprogrammet, inom innovation och produktdesign vid Mälardalens Högskola. Projektarbetet har utförts åt Mälardalens Högskolas verkstad som är i behov en maskin som kan återvinna PLA-skräp. Arbetet innebar att ta fram ett koncept som är ekonomiskt försvarbart och presterar på samma nivå som befintliga maskiner i kringliggande prisklass. De frågeställningar som ska besvaras är följande:• Vilka komponenter krävs för extrudering av PLA?• Vilken lutning är mest effektiv för extrudering av PLA?Produktutvecklingsprocessen som beskrivs i Ulrich och Eppinger (2014), de 6 produktutvecklingsfaserna, har varit grunden för utförandet av detta projektarbete. Uppdragsgivarens önskemål som delades upp i två olika kategorier, absoluta krav och önskvärda krav, uppfylldes delvis genom ett teoretiskt koncept som i senare skede ska resultera i ett fysiskt koncept.En beslutmatris uträttades för att kunna ta ett beslut kring vilket koncept som projektarbetet ska fortsätta med. Koncept 3 blev det koncept som fick flest poäng i matrisen. Koncepten byggde på olika lutningar av maskinen och vilket som skulle vara mest effektivt tidsmässigt och med så få komponenter som möjligt. Detta koncept vidareutvecklades i CAD-programmet Solidworks med en vertikal uppsättning av alla komponenter. Den vertikala designen innebär att filamentet inte behöver kylas ner aktivt, utan den kyls ner i rumstemperatur. Den totala kostnaden för de komponenter som beställdes blev cirka 6400kr (exklusiv det som skolan redan har). Detta hamnar prismässigt, långt under den maskin som är mellan den billigaste och den dyraste maskinen.Den teoretiska delen av arbetet har levererats till Henrik Lekryd och det har mottagits väl. Men någon fysisk maskin har ännu inte byggts eftersom de beställda komponenterna har haft lång leveranstid. Detta kommer att ske inom en snar framtid.Den andra frågeställning har inte heller besvarats eftersom för detta krävs en fysisk maskin för att slutligen räkna ut maskinen kapacitet i den valda lutningen (vertikalt). Den vertikala lutningen valdes för att inte behöva använda fler komponenter för kylning av filament, såsom vattenbad eller fläkt.För fortsatt arbete rekommenderas bland annat att en fysisk prototyp byggs för att se vilka problem som kan dyka upp och se bristerna i de valda komponenterna. En växellåda kan komma att behöva användas för att inte belasta stegmotorn. För en tåligare och stadigare maskin är metall ett bättre material att bygga ramen av än det i teoretiskt föreslagna materialet, MDF.
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Voytyuk, Nazariy. "Recycling of Polypropylene and Polyamide Blends Using Thermomechanical Recycling." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277883.
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The aim of the thesis was to recycle a common carpet waste containing polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP) polymers with thermomechanical recycling. The produced products were compared to neat polymer materials. The recycled material underwent the thermomechanical process which includes shredding and extruding. The created filament was analyzed using various analysis techniques including FTIR, SEM, DSC and tensile testing for the mechanical properties. The filament was later evaluated with a 3D printer to see if a product could be made from the material. Filament containing recycled carpet material was used to create a 3D printed product, thus the method seems promising. The results from the structural analysis techniques showed that degradation of the polymers occurred after multiple recycling cycles, mostly of the PA6 polymer. The mechanical properties with the addition of recycled carpet to a blend of neat materials show similar properties when compared to only neat material. In conclusion, it is possible to 3D print recycled carp inted product so the method seems viable for future applications.Syftet med avhandlingen var att återvinna en vanlig matta som innehåller polyamid-6- och polypropenpolymerer med termomekanisk återvinning och jämföra produkten med rena polymermaterial. Det återvunna materialet tillverkades med den termomekaniska processen som inkluderar malning och strängsprutning (extrudering). Filamentet analyseras med olika analystekniker inklusive FTIR, SEM, DSC och dragprovning för mekaniska egenskaper. Filamentet testas sedan med en 3D-skrivare för att se om en produkt kan tillverkas av materialet. Filamentet med återvunnen matta användes för att skapa en 3D-skriven produkt, därför verkar metoden lovande. Resultaten från analysteknikerna visade polymererna bröts ner efter flera återvinningscykler, mestadels av PA6-polymeren. De mekaniska egenskaperna med tillsats av återvunnet matta till en blandning av rena material visar liknande egenskaper jämfört med endast rena material. Sammanfattningsvis är det möjligt att 3D-skriva med återvunnet mattfilament för att skapa en 3D-skriven produkt, metoden verkar lovande.
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Lee, Adrian James. "Synthesis, morphology and properties of rubber-modified cast acrylic sheet materials." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263771.
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Bacigalupo, Lauren N. "Fracture behavior of nano-scale rubber-modified epoxies." Thesis, Lehigh University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3598871.
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The primary focus of the first portion of this study is to compare physical and mechanical properties of a model epoxy that has been toughened with one of three different types of rubber-based modifier: a traditional telechelic oligomer (phase separates into micro-size particles), a core-shell latex particle (preformed nano-scale particles) and a triblock copolymer (self-assembles into nano-scale particles). The effect of modifier content on the physical properties of the matrix was determined using several thermal analysis methods, which provided insight into any inherent alterations of the epoxy matrix. Although the primary objective is to study the role of particle size on the fracture toughness, stiffness and strength were also determined since these properties are often reduced in rubber-toughened epoxies. It was found that since the CSR- and SBM-modified epoxies are composed of less rubber, thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy were better maintained. In order to better understand the fracture behavior and mechanisms of the three types of rubber particles utilized in this study, extensive microscopy analysis was conducted. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used to quantify the volume fraction of particles, transmission optical microscopy (TOM) was used to determine plastic damage zone size, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess void growth in the plastic zone after fracture. By quantifying these characteristics, it was then possible to model the plastic damage zone size as well as the fracture toughness to elucidate the behavior of the rubber-modified epoxies. It was found that localized shear yielding and matrix void growth are the active toughening mechanisms in all rubber-modified epoxies in this study, however, matrix void growth was more prevalent. The second portion of this study investigated the use of three acrylate-based triblocks and four acrylate-based diblocks to modify a model epoxy system. By varying block lengths and the polarity of the epoxy-miscible blocks, a variety of morphologies were generated (such as spherical micelles, layer particles and worm-like micelles). It was found that in some cases, the epoxy-miscible block did not yield domains substantial enough to facilitate increases in toughness. Overall, the thermal and mechanical properties of the acrylate-based triblock- and diblock-modified epoxies were found to be similar to CTBN-modified epoxy, which was used as a control. However, there were properties that were improved with the acrylate-based diblock-modified epoxies when compared to the acrylate-based triblock modified epoxies. Specifically, the viscosity penalty of the diblock-modified epoxies was shown to be a marked improvement over the triblock-modified epoxies, especially given that the fracture toughness values are similar. This reduction in the viscosity penalty becomes an important criterion when considering processing procedures and applications. Additionally, comparing the morphology of the resulting modified-epoxies utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) led to a better understanding of the relationship between the particle morphology obtained and the physical properties of the acrylate-based rubber-modified epoxy systems in this research.
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Sandell, Viktor. "Extraction of Material Parameters for Static and Dynamic Modeling of Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubbers." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65583.
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Volvo Car Corporation (Volvo Cars) develops powertrain mounting systems that uses components made up largely of filled rubber materials. The development of such components is today relying on external suppliers to design components based on requirements set by Volvo. To reduce costs and lead-time in the development process the possibility of in-house design of such components at Volvo Cars is being investigated. For this to be possible, knowledge must be built concerning modelling the mechanical properties of rubber materials. As part of this a parameter extraction method for modelling of filled rubber materials intended for finite element use has been developed in this project. Both a simple static model fitting procedure and a more complex dynamic model fitting procedure are detailed. Mechanical testing of four filled natural rubber materials with varying hardnesswas carried out at the facilities of Volvo Cars and recommendations have been made regarding the limits of the equipment and the specific test body geometry used. It was found that the lower limit for dynamic testing in regards to displacement amplitude is 0.02 mm. The highest frequency recommended is dependent on the material hardness but a higher limit of 200 Hz is recommended for the softest material investigated. The upper limit was found to be necessary due to inertia effects in the material. The models used to describe the static behaviour were hyperelastic phenomenological models independent on the second invariant such as the Yeoh and the linear neo-Hookean models. The dynamic model used the overlay method to capture therate and amplitude dependent properties of filled rubber. A generalized viscoelastic-elastoplastic rheological model using Maxwell and friction elements in parallel with alinear elastic element was presented and used. These were limited to having maximumfive of each element and no attempts at minimizing this number was made in this work.The dynamic model was fitted to experimental data using a minimization procedure focusing on dynamic modulus and damping at a range of frequencies and strain amplitudes.The proposed fitting procedure is a three segment loop in which FE simulationsof the experimental data is used as both a correction and a validation tool.Model validation showed good correlation of the fitted model to measured databefore correction was attempted. The correction step did not improve the model qualityand the reason for this was identified as poor post-processing. The proposed method together with lessons learned during the course of the project will be of importance for the future in-house development of rubber components at Volvo Cars.
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Barrera, Martinez Cindy Sofia. "Novel Renewable Materials from Natural Rubber and Agro-Industrial Residues." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480540955796333.
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Tarkanian, Michael J. (Michael James) 1978. "Prehistoric polymer engineering : a study of rubber technology in the Americas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98335.
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Edqvist, Helena. "Hide and seek : Ett utforskande av nya materialupplevelser i ull." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för industriell ekonomi, industridesign och maskinteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30426.
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Informationen om att det bränns ull i mängder samtidigt som vi importerar ull talar sitt tydligaspråk att något behöver göras. Ull som är ett hållbart och 100% förnybart material med bådehistoriska och fantastiska egenskaper, vilket gör att det är ett enormt resursslöseri att brännaull som om det vore skräp. Det finns många eldsjälar inom fårbranchen som arbetar för atthitta lösningar för dessa problem. Ullklassificering, att ta fram en nationell agenda överullhantering och försök att öka intresset för ull i allmänhet står på agendan. Utifrån ett hållbarhetsperspektiv såväl som ett personligt intresse och utifrån mina år somstylist har jag undersökt ullens sinnliga egenskaper för att hitta nya materialupplevelser i ettav världens äldsta textila material. Klimatfrågan som är högst aktuell, vilket vi alla på ett ellerannat sätt måste förhålla oss till, samt mitt mål att göra min forskning tillgänglig för alla, göratt mitt arbete har relevans utifrån ett hållbart, samhällsmässigt och kunskapsmässigtperspektiv. Utifrån en materialdriven design, där materialets mening står för att väva in denkänslomässiga kopplingen svensk ull, vill jag med konstnärlig ansats ta mig an arbetet i attutforska, utvärdera och ifrågasätta mig själv. Basen i hela mitt arbete är den materialdrivnaprocessen där jag varvar material och användartester för att bidra med nyamaterialupplevelser av ull. Jag hoppas att mitt arbete gör att vi ser med nya ögon på ull ochatt våra associationer till svensk ull inte enbart ses som en stickad tjocktröja eller ett parlovikkavantar från en gången tid. Jag vill vidga perspektiv och inspirera till att se möjligheter iden materialskatt vi har runt hörnet.The information that wool is burned in quantities while we are importing wool speaks its clearlanguage, something needs to be done. Wool, which is a durable and 100% renewablematerial with both historical connections as well as fantastic properties, is a huge waste ofresources to burn as if it were rubbish. From a sustainability perspective as well as a personal interest, based on my years as astylist, I have investigated the sensual properties of the wool to find new materialexperiences in one of the world's oldest textile materials. The climate issue that is mostup-to-date, which we all have to relate to in one way or another, and that I want to make myresearch available to everyone, means that my work is relevant from a sustainabilityperspective. I have worked from a material-driven design, where the meaning of the material has beenimportant in order to weave the emotional connection to a material. With an artisticapproach, I wanted to take on my work in exploring, evaluating and questioning myself andmy work in a material-driven process, in which I turn materials and user tests to contributewith new material experiences of wool. I hope that my work contributes to seeing Swedishwool with new eyes. With new associations and perspectives. To see opportunities insteadof impossibilities.
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Mörtberg, Ann-Christine. "Shiboriteknik på möbeltyg. En studie i slumpens tecken." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Malmstens Linköpings universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177330.
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LIU, XIAOXIAO. "UV Laser Treatment of Tire Reinforcing Materials for Improved Adhesion to Rubber." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1445884367.
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Johnsson, Nathalie, and Fredrik Steuer. "Bioplastic material from microalgae : Extraction of starch and PHA from microalgae to create a bioplastic material." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231508.
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Microalgae used in sewers to capture CO2 eventually turns into waste material. Through the use oftheir biomass, the waste algae can be given a new purpose. In this study attempts to extract starch or PHA from three different algae; Calothrix Scytonemicola, Scenedesmus Almeriensis and Neochloris Oleoabundans, were made. We also attempted to create a bio-based plastic material. Both Scenedesmus Almeriensis and Neochloris Oleoabundans are starch rich microalga. By washing with acetone, cryo grinding, use of ultrasonic homogenizer and dialysis, starch was likely extracted successfully. The extracted material and the plasticiser Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) was used to cast plastic film. The cast film was very thin and brittle; perhaps by using different plasticisers or additives a more usable bio-based plastic material can be created. The PHA rich algae Calothrix Scytonemicola was used to extract PHA. The algae was washed with acetone, cryo grinded and then mixed with Sodium Hypochlorite(aq) and deionised water to extract the desired PHA. Due to a shortage of algae very small amounts of material could be extracted. Therefore, the casting of a plastic film was performed with commercial PH3B, which is a type of PHA. Three attempts were conducted. The first one with only chloroform, the second one with CMC and chloroform and the last one with Sucrose Octaacetate and chloroform. The film with Sucrose Octaacetate gave the best plastic material in regards to mechanical properties.Mikroalger som används i kloaker för att binda CO2 blir till slut restavfall. Genom att använda dess biomassa kan restalgerna få ett nytt syfte. I denna studie utfördes extraktionsförsök av stärkelse samt PHA från tre olika alger, Calothrix Scytonemicola, Scenedesmus Almeriensis och Neochloris Oleoabundans. Ytterligare försök genomfördes för att försöka framställa ett biobaserat plastmaterial. Både Scenedesmus Almeriensis och Neochloris Oleoabundans är stärkelserika mikroalger. Genom att tvätta dem med aceton, kryomalning, användning av en ultrasonic homogenizer och dialys kunde stärkelse troligtvis extraheras. Det extraherade materialet blandades med karboxymetylcellulosa (CMC) för att skapa en plastfilm. Filmen blev väldigt tunn och spröd, således behövs antingen en annat mjukningsmedel eller tillägg av additiv för att skapa ett mer användningsbart biobaserat plastmaterial. Den PHA-rika algen Calothrix Scytonemicola användes vid extraktionen av PHA. Algerna tvättades med aceton och kryomaldes innan PHA förhoppningsvis extraheras med hjälp av natriumhypoklorit(aq) och avjonat vatten. På grund av en för liten mängd tillgänglig alg extraherades endast en liten mängd material. Det var därför inte möjligt att skapa en plastfilm av vårt extrakt utan istället användes kommersiell PH3B, som är en typ av PHA. Tre försök genomfördes, en med endast kloroform, en med CMC och kloroform och den sista med sucrose octaacetate och kloroform. Den sistnämnda filmen gav det bästa plastmaterialet med avseende på de mekaniska egenskaperna.
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Dong, Hui. "Devulcanization Of Waste EPDM Rubber And Manufacturing Of Polypropylene (Pp)/ Waste EPDM Thermoplastic Elastomers Using Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1430683095.
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Heyman, Nils. "High Resolution 3D Printing with Cellulose Acetate." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nanoteknologi och funktionella material, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413853.
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In this project, an additive manufacturing technique called Direct Ink Writing has been used to 3D print structures from polymer solutions containing cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate is a synthetic compound derived from plants. The intended application involves protein separation filters for medical purposes. The printing has been performed in a lab environment with focus on high resolution, with less than 10 micrometers in fibre size. Glass capillaries with an inner diameter of 3-10 micrometers were used as nozzles. Three-dimensional structures with a height of 100 micrometers and a fibre thickness of 2 micrometers were made. The results indicates that cellulose acetate is a promising polymer for Direct Ink Writing in high resolution. Improvements are needed in the ink design and/or the technical construction of the printer to avoid clogging of the nozzle.
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Roberts, Karen Narelle 1972. "An investigation of core-shell rubber modified vinyl ester resins." Monash University, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8416.
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Wehrle, Robert J. "The Curing and Degradation Kinetics of EPDM Rubber." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1420455803.
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Slutzky, Jessica Lauren. "Dipped Natural Rubber Latex Thin Films: Hypoallergenic Accelerator Formulations for Crosslinking, and Composites with Waste-Derived Fillers." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557188601986261.
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Johansson, Evelina. "Kommunikation genom plaggskisser : En studie kring skisskommunikation mellan beställare och leverantör." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-15733.
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This thesis is a study that investigates how the communication in the developing process of a garment can be developed between a distributor and a supplier. The purpose is to investigate how large part of the quality assured and processed sketches can help improve the communicational issues and minimize the number of samples that are being transported between the buyer and the factory causing delays due to large distances. The study has been carried out in collaboration with a company that has been job initiator for the subject of the thesis. The main area in the method are based on a quality improving process to discover what a supplier as well as a distributor consider to be a distinct sketch. By using a survey as a data collection method, an evaluation of the fashion company`s sketches have been exercised. To reassure the quality of the sketches within the company and to investigate whether this can cause minor misunderstandings within the production department. In this study outlines of the inside of a blazer have been the focus as the company recently has experienced issues with these parts in the production of prototypes. The result is based on a comparison between two blazer prototypes that the factory has sent to the company as a first suggestion to manufacture the blazer. The conclusion highlights and evaluates the level of importance of the quality assured sketches versus the non-assured ones, and whether these are essential for the company`s desired quality and standard of the item or not. Thus, the conclusion also covers a discussion around how to fulfill the desired quality and standards of a blazer for the fashion company in question.
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Lindblad, Angelica, and Anny Chu. "Manifestation och implementering av CSR : En studie om hur ett mindre företag kan använda CSR som instrumentför att stärka varumärket." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-140.
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Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka och analysera hur arbete med CSR (Corporate SocialResponsibility) och hållbarhet kan manifesteras och implementeras i ett mindre företag för attstärka företagets varumärke. Metod: Uppsatsen grundas i en kvalitativ metod för att eftersträva en holistisk- ochövergripande bild. Metoden är explorativ och utforskande och ger en djupare insikt ochförståelse för företagets tillvägagångssätt. Som utgångspunkt för sekundära källor harelektroniska och tryckta källor samt akademiska artiklar använts. Slutsats: Efter avslutade studier kan konstateras att genom företagets ståndpunkt i etik, moraloch värderingar i kombination med de praktiska handlingar de utför, manifesteras ochimplementeras CSR- och hållbarhetsarbete i verksamheten. Kundens medvetande ger styrkanoch det värdefulla i varumärket vilket leder till att dessa aktiviteter på ett omsorgsfullt ochgenuint sätt bör planeras och genomföras för att behålla och stärka företagetsvarumärkesimage.
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Powar, Pratik Rajesh, and Ashkan Raeisi. "Effect of strain rate on continuum and pre-cracked polymer failure." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21637.
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The main intention of this thesis work was to investigate the effect of strain rate on continuum and pre-cracked polymer failure. Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) was chosen to study experimentally and numerically. In order to cover wide range of strain rates, four specific strain rates were selected for the uniaxial tensile tests. To perform the tests, cyclic loading and unloading with relaxation was utilized in the room temperature for continuum specimen and for pre-cracked specimen monotonic tensile test till failure was utilized. Through Digital Image Correlation (DIC) the local strain distribution was assessed through the specimen and the deformation was compared with simulation results. Based on the extensive literature review of material models from PolyUMod library among Viscoplastic models, the Three Network Viscoplastic (TNV) model was selected to proceed with the calibration. The motivation behind choosing TNV model is it's capability of capturing load-unload curves, different strain rates as well as non-linear responses. Furthermore, it was seen that among Viscoplastic models, TNV has the lowest average errors which plays a vital role in this case as the accuracy of FE simulation directly depends on the calibration results. From the experimental results it was safe to say that with increasing strain rates LDPE films tend to get stiffer and stronger both in continuum and pre-cracked. Through the calibration it was seen that the predicted curves were in reasonable agreement with experimental ones. Hence,the calibrated model was exported as python script into Abaqus CAE to perform the simulations. The comparison was done and discussed in details between the simulation and experimental data in three orientations; MD (Machine Direction), CD (Cross Direction) and 45 direction.
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Persson, Linn, and Johannes Olsson. "En modulär sko för en hållbar framtid." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42850.
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Vagabond Shoemakers is one of Europe’s leading design companies within the footwear industry. In the summer of 2019, the project group contacted the company to investigate the possibility to execute an innovation- and development project together. The project would turn into so much more, it would become the beginning of a sustainability work which would lead into a modular shoe for a sustainable future. The sustainability issues within the footwear industry are today bigger than the choice of sustainable materials. There is no good way of recycling or reusing shoes since there is no effective way of separating glue, textiles and rubber form each other. It was from this problem that the foundation of the project was created, is there a possibility to construct a modular shoe? A shoe from the constructions design to facilitate recycling and reuse, through the ability to efficiently separate the parts from each other. Together with Vagabond Shoemakers we would create the foundation of the future footwear industry. A product that would be called Klick-Skon based on the projects Klick-Concept. A product designed to meet the sustainability issues; the result came to be a modular shoe for a sustainable future.
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Al-Yamani, Faisal M. "A route to enhanced intercalation in rubber-silicate nanocomposites." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1124544242.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Polymer Engineering, 2005."August, 2005." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 11/28/2005) Advisor, Lloyd Goettler; Faculty Reader, Avraam I. Isayev; Department Chair, Sadhan C. Jana; Dean of College, Frank N. Kelley; Dean of Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sun, Yu. "Tearing of Carbon Black-filled and Gum Natural Rubber Vulcanizates Cured with Dicumyl Peroxide (DCP)." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1380201814.
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Adepetun, Adeyemi Adedayo. "Effect of Carbon Black Loading and Temperature on Cut Growth in N990-Filled Natural Rubber Vulcanizates." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1315575370.
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Johnsson, Emil, and Elvira Hellgren. "Bestämning av dynamiska moduler hos fluorgummi FKM 70–1. : En motodbeskrivning för dynamiska modulvärden." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Industriell produktutveckling, produktion och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50046.
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In order to quality assure and investigate material compositions in materials for components, safe methods need to be used to obtain correct results. When starting up a new analysis tool, a basic investigation is needed of how the tool is prepared, operated and how analysis data is interpreted. This is to maneuver the analysis tool correctly in the future work. Misuse of the analysis tool could potentially lead to the wrong material being selected for components and failure to respond to accident investigations. This thesis has been written at Husqvarna AB and its department Specialist Lab´s Material Laboratory. This study would lay the groundwork for how their new dynamic mechanical analysis tool should be used and operated to obtain correct material data for future analyzed materials. Dynamic mechanical analysis is a tool that has a wide range of application and Husqvarna's main purpose is to be able to analyze the dynamic mechanical properties of different polymers and rubber types. This study will primarily address an analysis of the dynamic properties of polyethylene FKM 70-1 in a DMA instrument. This is to carry out a successful analysis that can be used as a basis for future work in Husqvarna's DMA instrument.
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Kelly, Michael J. "Simplified Model for Rubber Friction to Study the Effect of Direct and Indirect DMA Test Results." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1627592247173898.
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Kapur, Jyoti. "Smells: olfactive dimension in designing textile architecture." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12906.
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Designing with non-visual attributes challenges ways of representation. This research explores methods for designing with invisible materiality within the research practice, as well as ways of representation through textiles when designing spaces. Exploring textiles and smells within a space, the research program investigates spatial interactions. This research focuses on designing embodied experiences using tangible materials as expressions of smells. Through the spatial installations and performances Sight of smell, Touch of smell, and Smell, space, and body movement, haptics were explored as one of the methods of interaction with smells through textiles. Through the sense of touch, this research also investigates ways of revealing, activating, and disseminating smells within a space. Smells were purposely added through the methods of dyeing, coating, and printing to the textile materials that did not inherently embody any smells, As a result, tactile surfaces create non-visual expressions of smell. Further ideas of research in this area would explore another perspective of designing with smells in spaces. As an example, by designing textiles being smell absorbers, dividers, and re ectors, could compliment the spatial concepts and deals with the already existing smells in a living environment. In this licentiate thesis thinking through the olfactive dimension to design textiles is not only novel for the textile design eld; but also, its proposal for application in the spatial design is quite unique, and o ers a new dimension for spatial design.Horizon 2020 MSCA ITN
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LIANG, TIAN. "Structure and properties of rubbers and their blends affected by ultrasonically assisted extrusion." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1502312081124254.
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Näslund, Sandra. "Textila material för utomhusmiljö : En undersökning med fokus på båtars dynor." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Malmstens Linköpings universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166585.
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Detta är en undersökning av textila material för utomhusmiljöer med särskilt fokus på båtars dynor. Målet har varit en kartläggning av olika tänkbara material för utsatta miljöer och utprovning av bästa sömnadsätt. Genom omvärldsanalys av tillgängliga material och inventering av nutida tapetserares kunskaper, kompletterade med en historisk research och mina egna tester kommer jag fram till följande. En historisk tillbakablick visade att så länge fritidsbåtar var åtkomliga för enbart överklassen handlade det om att ha det finaste materialet och bästa hantverket för att visa upp sin rikedom inför vänner och bekanta. När fritidsbåten sedan gjorde entré i de svenska folkhemmen så blev det delvis mer hemmafixande och enkla lösningar. Varpå ”lyxfritidsbåtar” alltid behållit en hög standard på dynklädseln. Som en röd tråd genom alla tider har det praktiska och lättskötta varit viktigt. Vid en närmare undersökning av nutida lämpliga textilfibrer så är helsyntetiska konstfiber att föredra gentemot regenatfibrer. Men det är inte endast råmaterialet som styr kvaliteten hos slutprodukten. Textiliers egenskaper beror till mycket stor grad även på den färdiga textiliens egenskaper som den fått under tillverkningsprocessen. Det handlar bland annat om dess sammansättning, tekniker av tvinning och väv samt impregnering. På marknaden finns en uppsjö av textilier men endast ett fåtal som profilerat sig mot marknaden för utomhusmiljöer klarar förhållandena mycket bra. Det är därför viktigt som kund att införskaffa en högkvalitativ textil för lång livslängd. De vanligaste typerna av marin textil till båtar är vinyl, akryl eller polyestertyg. Det finns inte ett tyg som stålsätter sig mot alla tänkbara utmaningar men finns det flertalet textilier som är sammansatta på ett sätt så att de klarar förutsättningarna tillräckligt bra under en längre tidsperiod. Hur lång tidsperiod är svårt att säga då det helt och håller beror på hur dynan är tillverkad (dvs sömnadsteknik, stoppning mm). Även miljön har en stor inverkan på livslängden. Rengöring av dynorna förlänger livslängden. Finns det möjlighet att ta in dynorna eller täcka dem med tex ett kapell så att de är skyddade från så mycket påverkan som möjligt så är det att föredra. Förutom själva textilen till dynklädseln har även tapetserarens kunskap och yrkesskicklighet en mycket stor bidragande del till om slutprodukten lever upp till förväntan eller ej. Sömnadstekniken, val av tråd, dragkedja, kardborrband, knappar, stoppning och så vidare spelar en mycket stor roll. Placeringen av eventuella skarvar och sömmar har också väldigt stor betydelse. Vanliga problem med dynor som används i sittbrunnar är att vatten kan tränga in i sömmarna och därmed vattenfylls skumplasten. Detta kan förhindras genom att försegla sömmen genom att applicera ett vattenavstötande medel på sömmen. Enkelfällsöm eller keder med långa stygn visade sig vara lämpligaste sömnadsteknikerna för att minska vattengenomträning. Dragkedja av plast som inte ärjar är att föredra liksom grov tråd med kärna av polyester och ytterhölje av bomull, denna tråd kombinerar polyesterns styrka och bomullens tätande egenskap. Kallskum rekommenderas som stoppningsmaterial. För utsatta miljöer där vattengenomträning riskeras rekommenderas material som ej suger fukt så som polyeterfilter.This is an investigation of textile materials for outdoor environments with a particular focus on boat cushions. The ambition has been a survey of various conceivable materials for exposed environments and test of best sewing methods. Through analysis of available materials and knowledge of upholsterer inventory, supplemented by a historical research and my own tests, I found out following. A historical research showed that as long as recreational boats were accessible to the upper class only, it was about having the finest material and the best craftsmanship to show their wealth to friends and acquaintances. When the recreational boats entered many of the Swedish ordinary homes, it became partly more home-fixing and simple solutions. Whereupon "luxury leisure boats" have always maintained a high standard of fabric. An important red thread of all time has been the practicality and easy cleaning. After a closer research of contemporary adequate textile fibers, is synthetic fibers to preferable instead of regenerate fibers. But it is not only the textile fiber that controls the quality of the finished product. The quality of the fabric depends on the quality of the finished textiles, which it obtains during the manufacturing process. It includes for instance the fabrics composition, twisting and weaving techniques and impregnation. The market has a big variation of textiles, but only a few who are profiled against the market for outdoor environments are able to handle the outdoor conditions well. It is therefore important as a customer to purchase a high-quality textile for a long lifetime. The most common types of marine textile for boats are vinyl, acrylic or polyester fabric. There is not a fabric that stands up to all possible challenges, but there are several fabrics that are composed in such way that they can handle the conditions well for a long period of time. The lifetime limit is difficult to say, it depends completely on how the cushion is made (for example sewing technique and padding.) The environment has also an impact on the lifetime limit. Cleaning the cushions extends the lifetime limit. If it is possible it ́s preferable to bring the cushions inside or cover them with for example a chapel for protection from as much impact as possible. Aside from the fabric of the cushions, the upholsterer's knowledge and professional skills have a big impact and large contributing part of how ever the final product lives up to the expectations or not. The sewing technique, thread choice, zipper, velcro, buttons, padding is very important. Placement of seams is also very important. Common problems with cushions on boats is that water can get through the seams and water fill the padding. This can be prevented by sealing the seam by applying a water repellent to the seam. Single-stitch or keder with long stitching proved to be the most suitable sewing technique to reduce water leak. Non-iron plastic zipper is preferred and thread with polyester core and cotton outer layer as this thread combines the strength of the polyester and the sealing quality of the cotton. High density foam is recommended as padding material. For exposed environments where risk of water leaks exists are other materials more suitable, such as polyetherfilter that don’t absorb moisture.
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Chen, Qiyi. "Diverse Applications of Inorganic Fillers in Additive Manufacturing of Functional Materials." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1575590417425155.
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Ren, Xianjie ren. "Use Of Fly Ash As Eco-Friendly Filler In Synthetic Rubber For Tire Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1463148731.
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Das, Suma Rani. "Investigation of Design and Operating Parameters in Partially-Filled Rubber Mixing Simulations." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1479151141596147.
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Öberg, Månsson Ingrid. "Electroanalytical devices with fluidic control using textile materials and methods." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Fiberteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279327.
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This thesis, written by Ingrid Öberg Månsson at KTH Royal Institute of Technology and entitled “Electroanalytical devices with fluidic control using textile materials and methods”, presents experimental studies on the development of textile based electronic devices and biosensors. One of the reasons why this is of interest is the growing demand for integrated smart products for wearable health monitoring or energy harvesting. To enable such products, new interdisciplinary fields arise combining traditional textile technology and electronics. Textile based devices have garnered much interest in recent years due to their innate ability to incorporate function directly into, for example, clothing or bandages by textile processes such as weaving, knitting or stitching. However, many modifications of yarns required for such applications are not available on an industrial scale. The major objective of this work has been to study how to achieve the performance necessary to create electronic textile devices by either coating yarns with conductive material or using commercially available conductive yarns that are functionalized to create sensing elements. Further, liquid transport within textile materials has been studied to be able to control the contact area between electrolyte and electrodes in electrochemical devices such as sensors and transistors. Yarns with specially designed cross-sections, traditionally used in sportswear to wick sweat away from the body and enhance evaporation, was used to transport electrolyte liquids to come in contact with yarn electrodes. The defined area of the junction where the fluidic yarn meets the conductive yarn was shown to increase stability of the measurements and the reproducibility between devices. The results presented in the two publications of this thesis as well as additional results presented in the thesis itself show the promising potential of using textile materials to integrate electronic and electrochemical functionality in our everyday life. This is shown by using basic textile materials and processing techniques to fabricate complex devices for various application areas such as sensors and diagnostics as well as electrical and energy harvesting components.Denna avhandling, skriven av Ingrid Öberg Månsson vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan och titulerad ”Elektroanalytiska sensorer med vätskekontroll integrerad genom användande av textila material och metoder”, presenterar experimentella studier inom utvecklingen av textilbaserade elektroniska komponenter och biosensorer. Detta är av intresse på grund av den ökade efterfrågan på integrerade smarta produkter som till exempel bärbara sensorer för hälsoövervakning eller för att samla upp och konvertera energi till elektricitet. För att möjliggöra denna typ av produkter föds nya interdisciplinära fält där traditionell textilteknologi och elektronik möts. Textilbaserade enheter har väckt stort intresse under de senaste åren på grund av den naturliga förmågan att integrera funktion i till exempel kläder eller förband genom textila tillverkningsprocesser som väveri, stickning eller sömnad. Många modifikationer hos garner som krävs för att möjliggöra sådana tillämpningar är dock inte tillgängliga i större skala. Därför har det huvudsakliga syftet med denna studie varit att undersöka hur man kan uppnå den prestanda som krävs för att tillverka elektroniska textila komponenter, antingen genom att belägga garner med elektroniskt ledande material eller genom att använda kommersiellt tillgängliga ledande garner som sedan modifieras kemiskt för att skapa sensorer. Utöver detta har vätsketransport inom textila material studerats för att kunna styra och kontrollera kontaktytan mellan elektrolyt och elektroder i elektrokemiska enheter så som sensorer och transistorer. Garner med speciella tvärsnitt, som traditionellt använts i sportkläder för att transportera svett bort från kroppen och underlätta avdunstning, har använts för att transportera elektrolytvätska till elektroder av garn. Den definierade kontaktytan där det vätsketransporterade garnet korsar elektrodgarnet har visats öka stabiliteten av mätningen och reproducerbarheten mellan mätenheter. Resultaten som presenteras i de två artiklar som denna avhandling bygger på samt i avhandlingen själv visar på lovande potential för användandet av textila material för att integrera elektronisk och elektrokemisk funktionalitet i våra vardagsliv. Detta har uppnåtts genom att använda grundläggande textila material och tillverkningsprocesser för att tillverka komplexa enheter för olika tillämpningsområden så som sensorer för diagnostik samt elektroniska komponenter.
QC 2020-08-21
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Jin, Min. "Determination of fracture mechanics behavior of polyethylene sheets." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65706.
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Polyethylene is a widely-used material in package industries. The fracture behavior of this material has not been studied in the plastic region in many years. In this thesis work, the J-Integral which is one material property used to represent the plastic material strength is calculated through the numerical analysis. To build a correct numerical model, the material behavior is summarized from previous uniaxial tensile test. The result from the fracture experiment for variable initial crack length is used to validate the reliability of the numerical model. The numerical analysis is done by the software ABAQUS which has the function to get the value of J-Integral directly. The final result contains the comparison between experiments and numerical analysis and the value of J-Integral at the crack initiation.
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Bates, Griffin Michael. "Characterizing the Cold Temperature Performance of Guayule (Pathenium argetnatum) Natural Rubber and Improving Processing of Guayule and Agronomic Practices of Taraxacum kok-saghyz." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448376403.
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Sundberg, Fanny, and Max Anderhell. "Washing and drying reusable sanitary pads." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21933.
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Period poverty is a problem mainly found in places characterized by poverty. The lack of means for women and girls to properly handle their menstruation is the essence of the problem. With a lack of both quantity and quality regarding water often being an issue in such places, the hygiene is a constant challenge. Two different kinds of sanitary products are used globally, disposable and reusable. The reusable ones are often being made of cotton or other absorbent materials. Regardless the material, reusable products need cleaning between the times of use, which could be a challenge when water is not always accessible. To have a reusable sanitary pad that efficiently can be cleaned with low amounts of resources is important, especially in impoverished places. Spacerpad is a reusable sanitary pad and a part of a project at the University of Borås. The aim for the project is to reduce period poverty and to educate women and girls in menstrual hygiene management. The pad is made of polyester which does not absorb blood or water, instead the pad merely contains the fluids. This thesis was conducted as a field study in Nairobi, Kenya. The study aimed to simulate a menstruation, in order to analyze the microbial activity in two different reusable sanitary pads, during as well as after menstruation. With the influences from interviews and resources found in Kibera (a slum in Nairobi) a simulation of five days was executed, with nutrient solution instead of menstrual blood. The Spacerpad and a cotton pad were exposed to the same procedures and the effects of washing and drying were studied. The microbial activity was measured with the help of dipslides, a growth medium. The results of this study show that both Spacerpad and the cotton pad could be carriers of heavy growth of bacteria. Increasing microbial activity throughout the simulation as the days went by, ended with a dividing result after a soap wash as the final washing procedure. The pad made of cotton still carried above slight growth, compared to Spacerpad that showed almost no activity after the final cleanse. Even though the microbial activity reached high levels during the simulation, the fact that the Spacerpad can be cleaned with limited resources could be reason enough to consider the Spacerpad as a sufficiently sanitary product in an impoverished place like Kibera.Mensfattigdom är något som vanligtvis återfinns på platser präglade av fattigdom. Bristen på medel för kvinnor och flickor att kunna hantera sin menstruation är kärnan av problemet. Med en brist i kvantitet och kvalitet på vatten som ett vanligt problem på sådana platser är det en konstant utmaning att upprätthålla sin hygien. Menstruationsskydd delas in i två olika typer, engångs- och återanvändningsbara produkter. De återanvändningsbara produkterna består ofta av bomull eller andra absorberande material. Oavsett material måste produkterna rengöras mellan användningarna, vilket kan vara en utmaning på platser där vatten inte alltid är tillgängligt. Tillgång till en återanvändningsbar binda som kan rengöras med små resurser är viktigt, speciellt på platser som kännetecknas av fattigdom. Spacerpad är en återanvändningsbar binda, framtagen som del av ett projekt vid Högskolan Borås, vars syfte är att reducera mensfattigdom och samtidigt utbilda kvinnor och flickor om menstruation och hygien. Bindan är tillverkad av polyester som inte absorberar blod eller vatten, vilket gör att bindan snarare håller vätskorna på plats. Denna uppsats gjordes som en fältstudie på plats i Nairobi, Kenya och hade som mål att simulera en menstruation. Detta för att se hur den mikrobiella aktiviteten skulle kunna se ut, under och efter en menstruation. Med influenser ur intervjuer och tillgångar från Kibera (ett slumområde i Nairobi) genomfördes simulationen med näringslösning som substitut till mensblod. I simulationen studerades effekten av tvätt och tork på den mikrobiella aktiviteten. Spacerpad och en bomullsbinda genomgick samma processer där aktiviteten mättes med hjälp av dipslides, ett växtmedium. Resultaten från denna studie visar att både Spacerpad och bomullsbindan kan vara bärare av hög tillväxt av bakterier. En ökande bakteriell aktivitet genom testdagarna, slutade med ett tudelat resultat efter en tvåltvätt som sista procedur. Bindan av bomull hade lätt tillväxt, medan Spacerpad knappt visade någon tillväxt alls efter den sista rengöringen. Den mikrobiella aktiviteten hos Spacerpad nådde höga nivåer under simulationen. Trots det så gör förmågan att kunna rengöras med låg åtgång av resurser, att den kan anses vara sanitär nog för att användas på platser präglade av fattigdom, som i Kibera.
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Asres, Bersabeh Zemedagegnehu. "Viskostygs inverkan på plagg efter tvätt. : Hur krympning av viskos påverkar plaggets passform, mått och konstruktion för en klänning." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-24381.
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Denna studie tas fram i samband med ett mindre modeföretag inom damkonfektion. Företaget har haft återkommande problem med passformen av deras viskosklänning. Syftet med studien är att undersöka viskosmaterialets påverkan efter tvätt på passform så som balans, rörelsevidd, längd och plaggs mått. Viskos är ett av de finaste textilmaterialet för sömnad av klänningar på grund av sin fina glans, snyggt fall och höga absorberande egenskaper. Däremot har viskosmaterial tendensen att förlora styrkan när det är vått, vilket händer att plagget krymper efter tvätt. Studien utförs genom att jämföra tre framtagningsprocessen av en klänning för att få den bästa passformen och önskade plaggmått. För prototyperna A och B används samma mönsterkonstruktion, förutom för prototyp B tvättas viskos tyget i förhand. Medans för prototyp C tvättades med tygprov och krympningen beräknades i cm, mönsterkonstruktioner justerades med att addera resultatet av krympningen. Klänningarna syddes av samma viskostyg, provades på en person i storlek Medium och tog mått på klänningarna både före och efter tvättning. Prototyp C resultatet visades att klänningen har krympt till den bästa passformen och uppfyller önskade plaggmåtten i jämförelse med prototyperna A och B. I Studien visades att plagg som är sytt i viskosmaterial förändas både i passform och mått efter tvätt. Före tvätt av viskosmaterial innan tillskärning kommer inte att garantera att det uppsydda plagget inte krympa eller att plaggen behåller sitt mått efter tvättning. Ändringen i mönsterkonstruktion ger bättre resultat.This study is developed in collaboration with a small company that works with women's clothing. The company has had recurring problems with the fit of their viscose dress. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of the viscose material shrinkage after laundering on the fit of the garment such as balance, ease, length and the garment dimension. Viscose is one of the finest textile materials for dresses sewing because of its properties such as it’s fine shine, drapes well and it have high absorbent. In contrast, viscose material tends to lose strength when wet, which affects garment fit due to viscoses shrinkage after laundering. The study is performed through comparing of three production processes of a dress to get the best fit and dimensions. For sample A and B, the same pattern construction is used, except for sample B, the viscose fabric was pre-washed in advance. While for sample C fabric samples was washed and the number of shrinkage is calculated . Pattern construction was adjusted by adding the results of shrinkage . The three sample dresses were sewn with the same viscose fabric, and the fit were tasted by one person in size Medium .The dress samples were measured both before and after laundering. The result of prototype C showed that the dress has shrunk to the best fit and meets the desired garment sizes in comparison with prototypes A and B. The study showed that garments that are sewn in viscose material change both in fit and size after washing. Washing viscose material before cutting will not ensure that the sewn garment will not shrink or that the garments will retain its dimension after washing. The change in pattern design gives better results.
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Alexander, Deen Fusi. "Synthetic Functionalization of Colloidal Lignin Particles for Wood Adhesive Applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283138.
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Functionalizable spherical colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) represent a valuable asset for the valorization of lignin side-streams from the pulp industry. The spherical structure allows for the circumvention of the heterogeneous and poorly dispersible structure of the biopolymer. However, organic solvents and alkaline media degrade the particle structure and dissolve the polymers due to their chemical nature and solubility. The solvents will alter the aggregated polymers into irregular shapes that would correspond to inconsistent physicochemical properties. Then, the material will become unusable for advanced material applications, namely wood adhesives. In this study, a replicable process to yield pH ca. 12 stable CLPs for wood adhesives or further functionalization for other advanced material applications was developed and optimized. Lignin was functionalized with cross-linkers, glyoxal or formaldehyde, and selfassembled into spherical structures in the micro emulsification of the organic solution. The formed colloids were partially rotary evaporated to retain organic solvents within the colloidal structures, and then be cured at 73-76 °C until pH stable and further functionalized for advanced material applications. The functionalization with glyoxal was pursued further for its possibly increased reactivity and the health concerns associated with formaldehyde. The process requires the addition of glyoxal to lignin in an acidic organi cmedia at ambient temperature, and the solution to react at 64 °C. Glyoxal is likely added to the polymer structure in its hydrated and dimerized form, and its attachment to lignin should be analyzed through the behavior of glyoxal in different media. The formed colloids were rotary evaporated to an organic solvent content of 60 wt. % of the spheres to allow the occurrence of the curing reaction. These materials were finally cured by thermosetting them at 73-76 °C until pH stable. The particles can be cured with base-catalysis through the controlled addition of the base NaOH(aq). However, the mode and rate of addition of the catalyst are critically important for a nondegradative infusion of a base into solvent present ot removed particles without morphological changes. Further procedural improvement and larger batches are necessary to conduct CLP adhesive experiments.Funktionaliserbara sfäriska kolloidala ligninpartiklar (CLP) är en värdefull tillgång för valorisering av ligninsidoströmmar från massaindustrin. Den sfäriska strukturen reducerar effekten av den heterogena och dåligt dispergerbara biopolymeren. Organiska lösningsmedel och alkaliska medier försämrar emellertid partikelstrukturen och löser upp polymererna på grund av deras kemiska natur och löslighet. Lösningsmedel kommer att resultera i att de aggregerade polymererna antar oregelbundna former vilket skulle resultera i inkonsistenta fysikalisk-kemiska egenskaper. Därigenom blir materialet oanvändbart för avancerade materialapplikationer, såsom t ex trälim. I denna studie, utvecklades och optimerades en reproducerbar process för att ge pH ca. 12 stabila CLP för trälim eller ytterligare funktionalisering för andra avancerade materialapplikationer. Lignin funktionaliserades med tvärbindare, glyoxal eller formaldehyd och självorganiserades till sfäriskas trukturer genom mikroemulgering av organfasen. De bildade kolloiderna indunstades delvis roterande för att bibehålla det organiska lösningsmedlet i de kolloidala strukturerna och härdades sedan vid 73-76 ° C tills pH-stabilitet och funktionaliserades ytterligare för avancerade materialapplikationer. Funktionaliseringen med glyoxal utfördes också för att reaktiviteteten och begränsa de hälsoproblem som är förknippade med formaldehyd. Förfarandet kräver tillsats av glyoxal till lignin i ett surt organiskt medium vid rumstemperatur för att sedan reageras vid 64 ° C. Glyoxal i dess hydratiserade och dimeriserade form adderas sannolikt till polymeren, och dess kemiska inbindning till lignin kan analyseras genom att undersöka glyoxal uppförande i olika medier. De bildade kolloiderna indunstades till ett organiskt lösningsmedelsinnehåll av 60 viktprocent för att möjliggöra härdning. Dessa material härdades slutligen genom värmehärdning vid 73-76 ° C tills pH var stabilt. Partiklarna kan härdas med baskatalys genom kontrollerad tillsats av basen NaOH (aq). Emellerti där sättet och tillsatshastigheten för katalysatorn kritiskt viktigt. Ytterligare processförbättringar och större satser är nödvändiga för att genomföra CLP-limexperiment.
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Vullaganti, Anoop. "Mechanical Parameter Characterization of Thin Polymer Films Using Digital Image Correlation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21653.
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Mechanical parameter characterization of very thin polymer films using digital im- age correlation is performed in this work. At present days DIC is widely used in the construction, food industries, and aviation. Despite advantages when compared to other conventional methods, but users still face difficulties with the analysis of thin polymers like low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thin polymer films. For the application of sprays to obtain the best pattern quality as well as the potential of thin-film material properties tempering from the stochastic pattern paint. This research work will investigate the effect of several spray paints on the material response of thin polymer film. It also shows how to achieve good surface traction, time effect, and the type of spray to be used for DIC analysis. Finally, this research also studies how the width of the specimen affects the wrinkling effect, which is a common phenomenon while testing the thin polymer films and exhibits the appropriate width for reducing wrinkles on thin polymer films.
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Bergman, Henrik Dan. "Increasing the Writing Resolution for Electro-hydrodynamic 3D-Printing : by Active Steering of e-jet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mikrosystemteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393068.
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Additive manufacturing has grown considerably during the last couple of decades, whether it comes to the printing of metal structure or living cells. Additive manufacturing techniques relays on the successive addition of material to create the wanted structure. Among the diversity of these many printing techniques, electrohydrodynamic 3D-printing is of particular interest, as the technique has a promising outlook for high-resolution printing on the microscale. The technique is compatible with a myriad of thermoplastics, but its writing resolution is limited due to the inherent affect the manufacturing process has on the material. Electrostatic forces between already deposited fibres and the fibre in light affect the final position of printed fibre. This thesis evaluates the possibility to increase the writing resolution in melt electrohydrodynamic 3D printing by a closed-loop feedback system. Components were built and added to an already existing printing setup to implement in-situ measurements of the fibres position as well as active electrostatic guiding of the fibre. The setup consisted of a camera that determined the position of the fibre; the position was then used in a PID controller to calculate an appropriate potential. The potential was forwarded to a high voltage amplifier, connected to a steering electrode, mounted in the vicinity of the jet. The setup built for one-dimensional steering of the fibre improved the printing accuracy by ten times through suppressing the repulsive/attractive forces, where the process variable of the PID controller was measured. However, the precision decreased roughly four times as it was deposited on the substrate. The limitations of the system have been evaluated, and possible improvements for the two-dimensional control of the fibre are further discussed.
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Skrypnychuk, Vasyl. "Vertical charge transport in conjugated polymers." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-133180.
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Conjugated polymers are novel organic electronic materials highly important for organic photovoltaic applications. Charge transport is one of the key properties which defines the performance of conjugated polymers in electronic devices. This work aims to explore the charge transport anisotropy in thin films of P3HT, one of the most common conjugated polymers. Using X-ray diffraction techniques and charge transport measurements, the relation between vertical charge transport through thin P3HT films and structure of the films was established. It was shown that particular orientations of crystalline domains of P3HT, namely face-on and chain-on, are beneficial for vertical charge transport. These orientations provide the efficient pathways for the charges to be transported vertically, either via π-π stacking interaction between the adjacent conjugated chains, or via the conjugated chain backbones. It was also demonstrated that particular orientations of crystallites are favourable for the formation of interconnected percolated pathways providing enhanced vertical charge transport across the film. Deposition of P3HT on most commonly used silicon substrates typically results in the formation of mostly edge-on orientation of crystallites which is unfavourable for vertical charge transport. Nanoimprint lithography was demonstrated as a powerful processing method for reorienting the edge-on crystalline domains of P3HT into chain-on (vertical) orientation. It is also shown that thin P3HT films with preferentially face-on orientations of crystallites can be deposited on graphene surface by spin coating. Using patterning of thin P3HT films by nanoimprint lithography, unprecedentedly high average vertical mobilities in the range of 3.1-10.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 were achieved in undoped P3HT. These results demonstrate that charge transport in thin films of a relatively simple and well-known conjugated polymer P3HT can be significantly improved using optimization of crystallinity,orientation of crystallites, polymer chain orientation and alignment in the films.
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Nilsson, Rickard. "Optimization of pneumatic activity sensor : Development of a low friction seal." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74540.
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In this thesis, the development of a new type of seal is presented along with the steps taken to attain the conclusive design. The results are presented in this paper as a cross-sectioned CAD-model along with the selection of materials and suggestions for future work. The project was commissioned by the multi-discipline engineering consultancy company Projektengagemang AB in Karlstad, Sweden, and carried out as a master’s thesis at Karlstad University. The commission was due to a demand for a new type of sealing solution, as friction is a problem within the field of micro-pneumatics. The work done consists of a study of different low-friction materials where a 30/70 PTFE/PEEK compound was selected as it displayed promising friction and wear properties. The material was then implemented into a design concluded by employing a product development process. The result rendered a prototype for a new kind of low-friction seal which uses the fluid pressure to achieve a sealing contact load between a piston/rod and the seal, which also was the goal set to achieve at the start of the project. Additionally, a design of experiments study was conducted to settle what design parameters were significant with respect to the contact load. For proceeding, making the concept a product ready for production, additional work is needed in the form of experimental material testing, development of a leakage model to optimize the contact load, determination of temperature and creep behaviour, as well as sufficient field testing. Lastly, a die tool must be designed for manufacturing with injection moulding as well as determining if any further processing is required.Detta arbete behandlar utvecklingen av en ny sorts tätning samt arbetet som utförts för att nå en slutlig design. Resultaten presenteras i form av en CAD-modell tillsammans med materialval och förslag till fortsatta studier. Projektet utfördes efter förfrågan av konsultconcernen Projektengagemang AB i Karlstad, Sverige och utfördes som ett examensarbete för civilingenjörsexamen i maskinteknik vid Karlstads universitet. Detta gjordes eftersom det finns en efterfrågan på lågfriktionstätningar inom mikropneumatik där friktion är ett rådande problem. Arbetet består av en studie över att antal lågfriktionsmaterial där en komposit med 30/70 PTFE/PEEK valdes på grund av dess lovande nötnings- och friktionsegenskaper. Materialet implementerades sedan i design som togs fram genom en produktutvecklingsprocess. Resultatet är en prototyp för en ny sorts lågfriktionstätning som utnyttjar fluidtryck för att uppnå en tätande effekt mellan tätning och kolv vilket även var målsättningen för projektet. Flerfaktorförsök har under processen utnyttjats för att hitta vilka geometriska parametrar som påverkar kontaktkraften mellan tätning och motliggande yta. För att ta konceptet till en färdig produkt krävs fortsatt arbete innehållande experimentella materialtester, framtagning av en läckagemodell att optimera kontaktkraften mot, studier kring temperatur- och krypberoende samt fälttester för att verifiera funktionen över tid. Slutligen behöver ett verktyg för formsprutning tas fram tillsammans med eventuell ytterligare bearbetning för slutlig tillverkning av produkten.
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Anozie, Uchechukwu Chamberlin. "Microencapsulation of Soluble Sulfur by Calcium Alginate." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1353388178.
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Nick, Zachary H. "Foundations for Smart Metamaterials by Liquid Metal Digital Logic and Magnetoelastic Properties Control." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587669303938667.
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Engkvist, Gustav. "Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D printed Nylon." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-66304.
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This thesis presents a multiscale investigation and characterization of additive manufactured Polyamide material using fused deposition modelling technique. Manufacturing was performed using Markforgeds – Mark one 3D printer. A multiscale investigation dedicated to minimizing the effect of shape distortion during 3D printing are presented, focusing on both molecular alignment in microstructure and implementing internal structures in mesostructure. Characterization on samples investigating microstructure was performed with coefficient of linear thermal expansion measurement and 3-point bending experiment. Different samples with varying infill patterns are tested and results indicates an isotropic behaviour through the manufactured samples and implies no molecular alignment due to printing pattern. In meso-structure, an implemented internal pattern is investigated. All samples are measured with 3D scanning equipment to localize and measure the magnitude of shape distortion. Attempts to find relationships in shape distortion and porosity between the samples resulted in no observed trends. Compressive experiments where performed on samples in axial- and transverse directions resulting in anisotropic behaviour. The largest compressive stiffness is recorded in axial direction reaching 0,33 GPa. The study is done in collaboration with Swerea SICOMP and Luleå University of Technology.