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1
Nenevé, Miguel, and Giselle Silva Costa. "Miguel Ferrante´s Seringal: human exploitation and violence in Amazonian rubber plantations." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 8 (2022): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.98.29.
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In this article we explore the issue of violence and oppression suffered by rubber-tappers in the Amazonian rubber plantations, visible in Miguel Ferrante´s novel Seringal. The novel is set in the Santa Rita rubber plantation in the interior of Acre, in the Brazilian Amazon, and reproduces the oppressive life of rubber tappers who work for the owner of the rubber plantation, the “colonel. “Always aiming at “profit and more profit” rubber plantation´s owner exploits and enslaves the “seringueiros”, taking violent actions against the poor workers. The novel also reveals the subhuman condition in which the women in the rubber plantation live, subject to rape and other sort of violence. Women are more deeply colonized and exploited than the rubber men. We argue that violence against women and workers today reflects violence in rubber plantations in the XX century. Scholars such as the thinker Frantz Fanon (1979) who wrote about colonization and Cristina Wolf (2001) who researches violence in the state of Acre, among others, support our argument.
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Rofii, Ahmad, and Evita Soliha Hani. "HUBUNGAN MOTIVASI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA BURUH SADAP KARET KEBUN BANJARSARI PTPN XII DI KECAMATAN BANGSALSARI KABUPATEN JEMBER." Jurnal KIRANA 1, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jkrn.v1i2.21157.
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Rubber tapping workers are piece workers in which these workers receive wages based on the volume of work or units of work. One of the plantation companies managed by BUMN is PTPN XII. One of the gardens that was the highest revenue contributor for the company was the PTPN XII Banjarsari Garden in Bangsalsari District, Jember Regency. The problem that often arises in piece workers such as rubber tapping workers is the problem of wages. The productivity of the rubber tapping workers affects the wages earned by the rubber tapping workers. Research at the Banjarsari Plantation of PTPN XII, aims to determine: (1) The work motivation of PTPN XII's Banjarsari rubber tapping laborers, (2) The work productivity of PTPN XII's Banjarsari rubber tapping workers in, (3) The relationship between work motivation and work productivity of rubber tapping laborers in the Banjarsari Plantation of PTPN XII. The results of the analysis show that: (1) The level of work motivation of rubber tapping workers at Banjarsari Plantation PTPN XII is high, (2) The productivity level of rubber tapping workers at Banjarsari Plantation PTPN XII is high, (3) There is a significant and unidirectional relationship between motivation. and labor productivity of rubber tapping at PTPN XII's Banjarsari Plantation.
Keywords: Rubber Tapping, Motivation, Productivity, Relationship between work motivation and work productivity
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Siwi, Nabila Permata. "HUBUNGAN ASUPAN KARBOHIDRAT, LEMAK, DAN PROTEIN DENGAN STATUS GIZI (Studi Kasus pada Pekerja Wanita Penyadap Getah Karet di Perkebunan Kalijompo Jember)." Indonesian Journal of Public Health 13, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v13i1.2018.1-12.
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Kalijompo Plantation is one of rubber plantations in Jember. One of rubber production is rubber tapping that is done not only by male but also female workers. One of the factors that can affect productivity is nutrition status. Nutrition status is influenced by the adequancy of nutrients, especially carbohydrates, fats, and proteins as energy producers. The purpose of this research was to study the correlation between carbohydrates, fats, and proteins intake with nutrition status in female tap rubber workers of Kalijompo Plantation in Jember. This research was analytical observational research and had a cross sectional design. The population of this research were all female tap rubber workers of Kalijompo Plantation in Jember with the sample consisted of 33 respondents. The variables of this research carbohydrates intake, fats intake, proteins intake, and nutrition status. Data collection included measurement of weight body, measurement of height body, and food recall 1x24 hours.The results showed that there was no correlation between carbohydrates intake with nutrition status (p=0.968), there was no correlation between fats intake with nutrition status (p=0.646), and there was no correlation between proteins intake with nutrition status (p=0.679). The conclusion of this research was the intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are not factors that can affect good or bad nutrition status in female rubber tapping workers of Kalijompo Plantation in Jember.
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Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Suneela Garg, and Mongjam Meghachandra Singh. "A study of the health profile of rubber plantation workers in rural Kerala." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (January 6, 2016): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i3.13288.
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Background: The state of Kerala produces nearly 90% of India’s natural rubber output. Rubber plantation workers are vulnerable to a variety of health hazards and being in the unorganized sector, do not enjoy the benefits that their counterparts in organized sector enjoy. Hence, monitoring of their health needs to be done periodically.Aims and Objectives: 1. To assess the health status and common illnesses of rubber plantation workers. 2. To detect the prevalence of non-communicable diseases like diabetes and hypertension among rubber plantation workers.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 154 rubber plantation workers in Pathanamthitta District in the state of Kerala, India in September 2014. Data was collected using a predesigned pretested and semistructured questionnaire containing items to assess the socio-demographic profile, their medical history and individual hazard exposure. Data was analysed in SPSS Version 16.Results: Chemical exposure was the most common hazard reported by rubber plantation workers (70.1%). The most common health complaints were musculoskeletal (66.2%), respiratory (31.2%), dermatological (26.6%) and ophthalmological disorders (22.7%). 20.1% prevalence of diabetes and 29.9% prevalence of hypertension was detected among study subjects; awareness and treatment seeking behaviour was poor.Conclusions: Proper health and safety training of rubber plantation workers on workplace hazards and ergonomics is essential to reduce work-related morbidities. Efforts should be made to enhance their access to healthcare and provide periodic health checkups.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 103-107
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Ferry Yanto, Eka Lestari Anggraini,. "KEHIDUPAN EKONOMI PENYADAP KARET DI DESA KEBON IX KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI 1990-2010." Istoria: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Batanghari 5, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/istoria.v5i2.127.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan aktivitas penyadap karet di Desa Kebon IX khususnya sektor perkebunan karet yang telah lama ditekuni. Keberadaan perkebunan karet di Desa Kebon IX sudah sejak lama ditekuni oleh sebagian besar masyarakat sekitar, selain menjadi petani karet sebagian besar masyarakatnya adalah para penyadap yang bekerja harian. Komoditas ini menjadi penompang utama kehidupan para buruh sadap yang ada di Desa Kebon IX untuk mencukupi kebutuhan keluarga, baik itu kebutuhan perekonomian maupun kebutuhan pendidikan anak. Buruh merupakan orang yang bekerja untuk orang lain yang mempunyai suatu usaha kemudian mendapatkan upah atau imbalan sesuai dengan kesepakatan sebelumnya. Upah biasanya diberikan secara mingguan maupun bulanan tergantung dari hasil kesepakatan yang telah disetujui. Perkebunan karet yang ada di Desa Kebon IX merupakan salah satu usaha perkebunan yang dapat mensejahterakan kehidupan petani dan para buruh masyarakat sekitar Desa Kebon IX. Meskipun penghasilan yang diperoleh para buruh tidak begitu banyak, namun dengan penghasilan itulah mereka dapat mencukupi kebutuhan hidup keluarganya sehari-hari bahkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan sekunder seperti pembelian Sepeda motor dan alat-alat elektronik lainnya. Keberadaan perkebunan karet di Desa Kebon IX sangat mempengaruhi kehidupan perekonomian para buruh penyadap karet, kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari dapat tercukupi, pendidikan anak terbayarkan, dan kebutuhan sekunder lainnyapun terpenuhi.Kata Kunci : Buruh, kebun karet, desa kebon IX AbstractThis study uses historical methods, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The purpose of this study is to explain the activities of rubber tappers in Kebon IX Village, especially the rubber plantation sector which has been occupied for a long time. The existence of rubber plantations in Kebon IX Village has long been occupied by most of the surrounding communities, apart from being rubber farmers, most of the people are tappers who work daily. This commodity is the main support for the lives of tap workers in Kebon IX Village to meet the needs of their families, both economic needs and children's educational needs. Workers are people who work for other people who have a business and then get wages or rewards in accordance with the previous agreement. Wages are usually given on a weekly or monthly basis depending on the agreed results. The rubber plantation in Kebon IX Village is one of the plantation businesses that can prosper the lives of farmers and community workers around Kebon IX Village. Although the income earned by the workers is not that much, but with this income they can meet the daily needs of their families and even fulfill secondary needs such as buying motorbikes and other electronic equipment. The existence of rubber plantations in Kebon IX Village greatly affects the economic life of the rubber tapper workers, their daily needs can be fulfilled, children's education is paid for, and other secondary needs are met.Keywords: Labor, rubber plantation, village garden IX
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Sharma, Anjali, and Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan. "Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Plantation Workers in Kerala, India." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 12, no. 3 (June 27, 2022): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v12i3.42304.
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Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is one of the major occupational health problems worldwide. Musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) can indicate an underlying MSD. This paper assesses the prevalence of MSS among different plantation workers in Kerala, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to February 2021 among 83 rubber tappers, 90 cardamom plantation workers, and 87 tea pluckers (N=260). The Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) was used to capture the MSS. MSS was compared across the three types of plantation workers, and the Chi-square test was used to test the significance. The Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were estimated using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of MSS (any regions) in the last 12 months among all participants was 87.7% and did not significantly vary between the three groups of workers. In general, the most affected regions were the low back (61%), one or both knees (47%) and shoulders (44%), respectively. Compared to rubber tappers, the odds of MSS in hips/ thighs (adjusted OR=2.38: 95% CI: 1.17-4.84) and wrists (adjusted OR=3.77: 95% CI:1.85-7.69) were significantly high among cardamom plantation workers. But the odds of MSS in elbows (adjusted OR=0.58: 95% CI: 0.31-1.07) and knees (adjusted OR=0.26:95% CI: 0.10-0.63) were low in the tea plantation workers as compared to rubber tappers. Conclusion: Though there was no variation in the overall prevalence of MSS between the three groups, there was a significant variation between the groups regarding the MSS in different body regions. Using supportive aids according to the nature of work and doing simple stretching exercises during breaks may help to improve the musculoskeletal health of plantation workers.
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Li, Tania Murray. "The Price of Un/Freedom: Indonesia's Colonial and Contemporary Plantation Labor Regimes." Comparative Studies in Society and History 59, no. 2 (April 2017): 245–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417517000044.
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AbstractAlthough often associated with colonial times, tropical plantations growing industrial crops such as rubber, sugar, and oil palm are once again expanding. They employ hundreds of thousands of workers, who still use remarkably basic tools. Flagging colonial continuities, labor activists campaign against the reemergence of unfree labor and “modern forms of slavery.” Paradoxically, labor activists also highlight the opposite problem: the casualization of plantation work, as workers are hired daily and fired at will. Recognizing that both “free” and unfree labor regimes have a long history in Indonesia, and plantations have pivoted between these modes more than once, my study compares plantation labor regimes in the colonial, New Order, and “reform” periods (post-1998) to answer three questions. First, given that employers always want to access disciplined labor at the lowest possible price, what were the conditions that led employers to rely on unfree labor in some cases, and “free” labor in others? Second, to what extent was unfreedom imposed as a response to excessive freedom among workers and peasants? Third, how were the costs of social reproduction distributed between workers and employers, and what pressures from workers or regulators (state, colonial, transnational) affected this distribution? In addition to published sources, I draw on my ethnographic research in West Kalimantan (2010–2015) to explore contemporary experiences of un/freedom among workers on state and private oil palm plantations.
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Poochada, Worawan, Sunisa Chaiklieng, and Sari Andajani. "Musculoskeletal Disorders among Agricultural Workers of Various Cultivation Activities in Upper Northeastern Thailand." Safety 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety8030061.
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Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most significant work-related health conditions that are experienced by agricultural workers. This cross-sectional study has investigated MSDs among agriculturalists in upper northeastern Thailand. We assessed the types of MSDs, their severity, and their frequency. There were 889 cultivating agriculturalists from four provinces who participated in this study. The majority of the participants reported experiencing mild levels of MSDs (60.48%). Predominantly, the farmers who were working on cassava, vegetable, and sugarcane plantations reported experiencing the most severe MSDs in the knees/calves (22.40%). The rice plantation workers reported the largest number of MSDs complaints. The workers on rubber plantations and in sugarcane fields were more likely to feel knee/calf pain (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.05–2.39) and lower limb pain (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.35–2.89) than those who were working on rice and tobacco plantations. The individuals who were working on cassava, fruit, vegetable, and corn plantations were also more likely to report knee/calf pain (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.01–2.17) and lower limb pain (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.37–2.84) than those who were working on rice and tobacco plantations. The MSDs that were found among those working on agricultural activities affected many parts of their bodies. The ergonomic risk needs to be assessed in order to inform plantation workers of the implications in order to improve their health and well-being and to reduce the risks of MSDs.
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Tharindra, Hemajith, Gregory Daniel Brown, Kayla Stankevitz, Ashley Schoenfisch, Sarath Amarasinghe, Vijitha De Silva, L. Gayani Tillekeratne, and Truls Østbye. "Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress among Estate Rubber Tappers in Southern Sri Lanka." International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 6, no. 1 (June 13, 2018): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v1i1.15379.
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Background: Rubber production is an important component of the Sri Lankan economy. Prior reports have raised concerns about poverty and poor physical and social living conditions among rubber tappers.Objective: To assess rubber tappers’ psychological health and distress.Methods and Material: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300 rubber tappers in two large rubber plantations in southern Sri Lanka from September to November 2014. Structured questionnaires including the Peradeniya Depression Scale (PDS) and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were administered. The prevalences of depression and stress were calculated, including across sociodemographic and work history variables of interest.Results: Each plantation contributed 150 of the 300 participants. The majority were women (n = 183, 61%) with a median age of 47 years (range 21 to 89). Based on the PDS, 9% of the rubber tappers screened positive for depression. While on the PSS-10, 10% demonstrated a high level of perceived stress. On log-binomial regression, persons who were widowed, divorced, or separated compared to being married had a higher prevalence of depression and high stress. A higher prevalence of stress was found in Tamil versus Sinhalese as well as Christian versus Buddhist participants. A higher prevalence of depression was seen in workers with over 30 years of experience compared to less experienced counterparts.Conclusions: Depression was more common in rubber tappers in this study than among other non-plantation Sri Lankan populations. Further research is needed to elucidate factors associated with psychological distress and to foster support mechanisms for the rubber tappers.
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Wahyuni, S., S. H. Susilowati, R. D. Yofa, and D. H. Azahari. "Labor allocation dynamics, problem, and strategy for plantation development in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012092.
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Abstract Women have important role in farming activities they have and running their household. This paper aims to analyze gender-based working time allocation in farming plantation to support the fifth SDGs “gender equality”. The data source was from a micro panel data survey of the National Farmers Panel (PATANAS) done by the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Socio Economic and Policy Studies, Ministry of Agriculture, in 2009 and 2018. The qualitative research was adopted, data analyzed descriptively by comparing results in 2009 and 2018. The results showed that the time allocation for female workers outside the family per hectare in 2018 increased compared to 2009 for sugarcane, rubber, and cacao commodities. The allocation of labor time in women’s families also increased in sugarcane (+ 37%) and rubber (+ 33%) but decreased for cacao (-55%) and oil palm (-42%) because were replaced by labor from outside the family. The allocation of time for labor within the family and outside the family in both 2009 and 2018 was dominated by male workers. Male and female laborer have certain activity in plantation farming and in general wages of male laborers are higher than those of women. In 2009 the labor wage difference was IDR 5,163 and getting higher in 2018 ranging from IDR 6,048 (cacao) to IDR 9,302 (sugarcane). Suggested that to increase the participation of women in plantation farming, special improvement should be addressed to women’s capacities in technical, managerial, wages system and problems of women’s working on plantations which showed increasing labor.
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Nazaruddin, M., Abdullah Akhyar Nasution, Ade Ikhsan Kamil, Awaludin Arifin, and Faizul Aulia. "Conflict and Resistance in Oil Palm Corporation ; An Analysis of Corporate Relations, Labor, and The ‘Ninja’ Phenomenon at Aceh Tamiang." Proceedings of International Conference on Social Science, Political Science, and Humanities (ICoSPOLHUM) 4 (January 25, 2024): 00006. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/icospolhum.v4i.374.
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This paper discusses the situation of oil palm plantations in Kecamatan Seruway, Aceh Tamiang. In terms of historical trajectory, the plantations in Kecamatan Seruway have undergone various changes in land ownership, starting from the Dutch colonial era with rubber as the primary commodity, transitioning to involvement with DI/TII members, and eventually obtaining rights as Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) under the name of PT Mopoli Raya. Although some land is owned by the local community bordering the company's HGU, conflicts that arise tend to be related to labor rights perceived as commodities within the oil palm plantation. Using a descriptive qualitative research approach, the results of field research indicate that conflicts in Kecamatan Seruway are closely related to the relationship between the corporate plantation and its workers. While there have been some negotiation efforts by former members of the Oil Palm Workers Union regarding wages, production processes, and inhumane management practices, the primary conflicts appear to revolve around labor issues. However, the oil palm companies are deeply integrated into the daily life of the community, given the overlapping locations with their HGU areas. The presence of these companies has raised awareness that they should provide benefits to the community, whether through corporate social responsibility, local labor recruitment, or smallholder plantation schemes. The community recognizes the importance of playing a role in negotiations with the company, and formal village head positions are considered one means to enhance bargaining power in interactions with the company. However, the 'Ninja' phenomenon, which involves the theft of oil palm fruit within HGU areas, has emerged as a form of resistance to the perceived uneven distribution of benefits from the plantation. Overall, conflicts in Kecamatan Seruway are related to the relationship between the oil palm company and its workers, as well as the community's efforts to obtain benefits from the company's presence. The 'Ninja' phenomenon reflects resistance to the unequal distribution of benefits from the plantation
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Rosnita, Rosnita, Roza Yulida, Yulia Andriani, Fanny Septya, Meki Herlon, and Mimi Nurfitasari. "KARAKTERISTIK DAN PERAN PENYULUH TERHADAP DIGITALISASI PEMASARAN KARET MENURUT PERSEPSI PEKEBUN DALAM MENDUKUNG LEMBAGA APKARKUSI DI KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI." JURNAL AGRIBISNIS 12, no. 2 (November 7, 2023): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/agribisnis.v12i2.2818.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seperti apa karakteristik dan peran penyuluh yang ada di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi dalam membantu lembaga Asosiasi Pekebun Karet Kuantan Singingi (APKARKUSI) dalam memasarkan hasil panen karet pekebun yang tergabung kedalam lembaga Apkarkusi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan survei melalui wawancara untuk mengetahui karakteristik penyuluh perkebunan karet dan peran penyuluh menurut persepsi pekebun. Metode pengambilan data dan informasi menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi langsung kepada pekebun karet dan penyuluh perkebunan di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi. Data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder, data primer diambil dari data Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi tahun 2022 dan data perkebuna Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, data sekunder diambil berdasarkan hasil dilapangan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis skala likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran penyuluh di Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi masih tergolong kurang baik, akubat kurangnya sumberdaya penyuluh dan peran yang diberikan kepada pekebun karet juga belum dilakukan secara maksimal.
This research aims to find out what the characteristics and role of extension workers in Kuantan Singingi Regency are in assisting the Kuantan Singingi Rubber Growers Association (APKARKUSI) in marketing the rubber harvest of planters who are members of the Apkarkusi institution. The research method used is a survey approach through interviews to determine the characteristics of rubber plantation instructors and the role of instructors according to the planters' perceptions. The data and information collection method uses interview techniques and direct observation of rubber planters and plantation extension workers in Kuantan Singingi Regency. The data used are primary data and secondary data, primary data is taken from data from the Central Statistics Agency for Kuantan Singingi Regency in 2022 and plantation data for Kuantan Singingi Regency, secondary data is taken based on field results. Data analysis uses Likert scale analysis. The research results show that the role of extension workers in Kuantan Singingi Regency is still relatively poor, due to the lack of extension resources and the role given to rubber planters has not been carried out optimally.
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Sri-akajunt, N. "Natural rubber latex aeroallergen exposure in rubber plantation workers and glove manufacturers in Thailand and health care workers in a UK hospital." Annals of Occupational Hygiene 44, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4878(99)00077-0.
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Knight, G. Roger. "Coolie or Worker? Crossing the Lines in Colonial Java, 1780–1942." Itinerario 23, no. 1 (March 1999): 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530000543x.
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In the historical context of colonial Indonesia, Coolie as a way of designating labour has been associated primarily with indentured, migrant, plantation workers in the so-called Outer Islands, principally Sumatra, where coolies from Java and southern China were the mainstay of the workforce on the island's tobacco, rubber and palm oil ‘estates’ from the 1880s through to the end of the colonial era more than half a century later.
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M. Amrullah, Abdul Mukti, and Eka Nor Taufik. "PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN DI DESA LADA MANDALA JAYA KECAMATAN PANGKALAN LADA KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN BARAT." JOURNAL SOCIO ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL 14, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52850/jsea.v14i1.466.
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This study aims to determine the perception of farmers on the role of agricultural extension. Extension roles/duties include education, dissemination of information/innovation, facilitation, consultation, supervision, monitoring and evaluation, where the sixth in this study into research variables. Likert scale is used to measure the perception of rubber farmers to the overall role of agricultural extension workers. From the results of the research note that the perception of farmers for the role of extension workers in the value is in the category “enough to play'' with the overall average of 3.11. The perception of farmers on the role of agricultural extension in Lada Mandala Jaya Village, Pangkalan Lada Sub-district can be categorized as (a). “role” (mean = 3,69) for sub-variable of Education, (b). “role” (mean = 3,41) for the sub-variable Dissemination, (c). “lacks role'' (average = 2.24) as the Facilitator, (d). “enough role” (average = 3.15) as consultant, (e). “enough role” (average = 2.60) as Supervisor, and (f). “enough role” (average = 2.61) in the implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation. It is advisable to extension workers to optimize the role of extension workers, especially in facilitating and supervising the farmers in the development of rubber plantation business.
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Pasaribu, Septina Margaretha Anggraini, Melinda Siregar, Trintce Pakpahan, Monalisa Tampubolon, and Sri Puspa Dewi. "EFFECT OF TRAINING, DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT ON THE EMPLOYER SETTING IN PTPN III MEDAN." Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i01.012.
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This study was conducted at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Medan, a state-owned enterprise (BUMN) Holding Plantation that is involved in the management, processing and marketing of plantation products. Crops include oil palm, rubber, sugarcane, tea, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, various timbers, fruits and many other crops. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of training, development and placement on orca performance on PT. Nusantara III Medan plantations, either partially or simultaneously. The method used in this work is a quantitative research method. The sample size of this study is 62 employees. As well as data collection through interview, observation and documentary research methods, i.e., primary and secondary documents. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression, while hypothesis testing tools are performed using f-tests, t-tests, and determinant tests. The results of the study are not known; if the results of this study produce equations, it is difficult to see that the variables of education, development and placement have a significant impact on the performance of PT workers. Nusantara Plantation. Here, partial test results for training and development variables are poorly known, and there may be other variables that may play a role in addition to training and development, such as Ork performance evaluation, motivation, selection, etc. This study is not known, after conducting the test method, whether Ho failed and Ha passed, which means that training, development and placement affect the performance of employees in PTPN III Medan.
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Heriyanto, Heriyanto, and Asrol. "Simultaneous Equation Model for Economic Calculation of Households of Independent Rubber Farmers in Mineral Land in Kampar Regency, Riau Province." Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 5, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2020.5.2.3791.
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Rubber is a plantation crop which is mostly a source of community income in Kampar District. As a source of household income, rubber farming is managed by households independently. This study generally aims to design models and government policy strategies in the development of smallholder rubber plantations on land typology mineral land conditions on the economic decision making of rubber farmer households. Specifically, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the characteristics of independent smallholders and internal and external dominant factors that influence the allocation of working time, income and household expenses of rubber farmers. This research was conducted using a survey method located in Kampar District. The data used in this study consisted of primary data obtained using the interview method. Samples were taken by simple random sampling method with 60 rubber farmers. Descriptive analysis and Economic Decision Model of Rubber Farmer Households using the simultaneous equation model approach with the Two Stages Least Square (2SLS) analysis method were performed to answer the research objectives. The results showed that only internal factors of farm households are responsive to household economic decisions. There are no external factors included in the model that are responsive to the economic decisions of rubber farming households in Kuantan Singingi Regency regarding the aspects of production, working time allocation, income and expenditure of rubber farming households. From the aspect of production, no responsive internal or external factors were found, but the biggest effect was the number of productive rubber stems. From the aspect of work time allocation, internal factors that are responsive to influence are the total outpouring of farmer work, outpouring of farm family work in businesses and the workforce of farmer households. Furthermore, from the aspect of farmer's household income the responsive internal factors that influence it are the farmer's household income in the business. then what influences household expenditure is outflow of work in business, farmer education, wife education and total rubber farmer income. The policy implications of increasing rubber prices and outpouring of family work in the business have the most positive impact. While the increase in wages for workers outside the family has a negative impact on the household economy.
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Khor, Xi Bo, Chin Jin Ong, Chong Hooi Lim, and Yee Chyan Tan. "Initial Design of Automated Latex Cup Robot Collector on Rough Terrain." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, no. 3 (May 30, 2023): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(3)-16.
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Despite the growing demand in rubber products, the world rubber production has declined in recent years. In this paper, a prototype of an automated latex cups collecting robot is constructed to assist the workers in the latex collection process. This robot is constructed on a mobile platform with a rear-wheel drive, double wishbone suspension, Ackermann’s steer transmission, motor-driven Four Degree of Freedom (DoF) manipulator arm and a latex storage tank. Ultrasonic sensors and camera are employed to locate the position of rubber trees and latex cups. The developed prototype robot has undergone the functional test to verify the control system, in which the robot can collecting the latex cup located at the height of 105 cm and 160 cm. In the mobility test, the robot can overcome obstacles of 15 mm height. While in the static test, the platform and the robotic arm can withstand the stress in the range of 107 N/m2. In the balance test, the topple angle is more than 40°, guaranteeing the stability of the robot platform. Those results showed that the prototype design is feasible to perform basic tasks automatically in the unstructured terrain of rubber plantation.
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Rahtika, I. Putu Gede Sopan, I. Made Suarta, I. Komang Rusmariadi, and I. Made Gede Ryan Prananta Hardianta. "design of a cocoa bean sorting machine." International research journal of engineering, IT & scientific research 9, no. 1 (December 13, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v9n1.2254.
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Cocoa plantations have employed thousands of farmer families throughout Indonesia, as well as have been the third largest export among the plantation sub-sector after rubber and oil palm. Therefore, the potential for the development of the cocoa industry as one of the drivers of growth and income distribution is very open. Cocoa bean production in Indonesia continues to increase, but the quality produced is still diverse such as less fermented, not dry enough, uniform bean size, high skin content, high acidity, and very diverse flavors. In this research, efforts to overcome these problems are accomplished by designing a cocoa bean sorting machine that can separate clean cocoa beans and root debris from cocoa beans so as it is expected to make it easier for cocoa farmers, workers, entrepreneurs and industries to more easily get a cocoa bean sorting machine so that the quality of cocoa beans improves and their selling price increases. Seeing these challenges, the authors took the initiative to create a new design a cocoa bean sorting machine with a simpler and more precise design.
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Ahyanti, Mei, and Purwono Purwono. "Risiko Penyakit Kulit Akibat Kerja di Perusahaan Perkebunan dan Pengolahan Karet." Jurnal Kesehatan 10, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jk.v10i1.1227.
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<p>Skin disease is a disease that attacks the body's surface and is caused by a variety of causes. PTPN VII Business Unit Way Berulu Regency Pesawaran, Lampung company plantation, and rubber/ latex. The length of time required in the processing and the addition of chemical substances at risk against the workers. The research aims to know the risk factors of occupational skin disease occurrences in PTPN VII Business Unit Berulu Way, using design case control with the total sample as many as 73 cases and 73 controls so that the total sample is 146 people, held on June-October 2017. The determination of cases based on Medical Records that are in the health service center of the plantation (Puskesbun). The analysis is done in univariate, and bivariate using Chi-Square test. The results of the analysis concluded that there was a significant relationship between previous skin disease history (pv=0,000, OR=4,399, 95% CI=1,995-9,698), personal hygiene (pv=0,000, OR=4,100, 95% CI = 1,953 - 8,608), supply of clean water (pv=0.020, OR=2.304, 95% CI=1.187-4.472) and use of APD (pv=0.037, OR=2.177, 95% CI=1.123-4.220) with the incidence of skin diseases due to work.</p><p> </p>
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Pujiastuti, Yulia. "Toxicity Bacillus thuringiensis-based Bio Insecticide Enriched with Golden Snail Meat Flour Against Worker and Soldier Castes of Coptotermes Curvignathus (Isoptera: Termitidae)." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186801029.
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Subterrane an termites Coptotermes curvignathus are important pests in plantation crops, especially rubber and oil palm. Biological control using entomo pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis is safe and eco-friendly. The aim of study was to investigate production of B. thuringiensis propagated in media of coconut water and rice washed water enriched with golden snail meat flour as well as its toxicity to soldier caste and worker termites. The study was carried out at Biological Control Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, from May to August 2018. The research was arranged with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with addition of golden snail meat flour treatment i.e. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14 g respectively and without any meat flour addition in media Nutrient Broth as a control. The highest spore density obtained will be used for bioassays toward worker caste, soldier caste and a mixture of them. The results showed highest spore density was obtained at meat flour addition of 14 g i.e. 5.58 × 107 spores/ml. In toxicity test, it was found that mortality of soldier caste was higher in the treatment without being mixed with worker caste. Many soldiers have large heads with highly modified powerful jaws so enlarged they can not feed themselves. Instead, like juveniles, they are fed by workers.
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Lilis Rosmainar, Karelius, Rasidah, Akhmad Damsyik, I Made Sadiana, Revianti Coenraad, and Tia Monika. "TRAINING ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM MANURE AND CONCRETE BRICK PRODUCTION TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMY OF CITIZEN IN DANAU SADAR VILLAGE, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN." BALANGA: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan 9, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37304/balanga.v9i1.2954.
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Danau Sadar Village is a village located in the sub-district of Dusun Selatan, 8 km from Buntok, the capital of South Barito Regency. This village has several potentials such as rubber plantation, livestock sector, tourism, and fisheries sector. Even though this potential is quite remarkable, the citizen welfare is still in low catagories due to the lack of skill in managing it. This condition happened because not all workers are engaged in the production process. Related to the condition of the community in Danau Sadar Village, an idea emerged to empower the community, by providing training to improve their skills. The objectives of community service in Danau Sadar Village are as follows: (1) assisting the people of Danau Sadar Village in developing economic independence; (2) improving entrepreneurial skills through the training provided. The community service program has been successful by carrying out two types of training activities to improve citizen welfare: training on biogas reactors from manure and brick making to obtain optimal products in terms of production costs and quality. The citizen in Danau Sadar Village welcomes this community service program. They hope that Palangka Raya University will carry out the community service program regularly in their village.
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Rahardjo, Ichsan Damar, and Edy Raharja. "Pengaruh Perceived Organizational Support dan Kepuasan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Employee Engangement Syariah sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Karyawan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Kebun Balong, Kab. Jepara, Jawa Tengah)." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 3 (December 5, 2023): 4713. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i3.11419.
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Indonesia has a plantation area of 25,302,200 hectares (BPS Data, 2021). One of the business entities that is a source of foreign exchange for the country is PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, a state-owned company and a subsidiary of PTPN III (Holding) which owns palm oil, sugar cane, rubber, coffee and tea commodities. PTPN IX has 15 gardens spread throughout Central Java province, one of which is Balong Gardens. Balong Gardens is one of the business units owned by PTPN IX located in the Kab. Jepara, Central Java whose main commodity is rubber plants which produce RSS (Ribbed Smoked Sheet) and Lump. Company goals can be achieved if human resource management is managed professionally so that the company can get employees who work optimally and make a positive contribution to the company. The aim of this research is to analyze the direct and indirect roles in improving employee performance The type used in this research is quantitative. This research has a population, namely workers at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Kebun Balong, Jepara Regency, Central Java, as many as 539 people. Perceived organizational support has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Balong Gardens. The better the PT support. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Kebun Balong to employees will further improve the quality of performance of all employees. Employee satisfaction also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Balong Gardens. Compensation practices that have been implemented by PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Kebun Balong is on the right track by carrying out digitalization in the process of distributing employee rights both financially and non-financially. The comfort felt by employees makes employees feel satisfied and tries to improve their performance for the company. The variables examined in this research include perceived organizational support and employee satisfaction. The most influential variable is employee satisfaction compared to perceived organizational support on employee performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Balong Gardens. PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX, Kebun Balong needs to take strategic steps to increase employee engagement, especially when climate conditions do not allow employees to work. Maintain employee motivation and maintain employee physical fitness so that they are more connected to the company.
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Naik, Sudhir, Sarika S. Naik, S. Ravishankara, Mohan K. Appaji, MK Goutham, Nonthombam Pinky Devi, and Annapurna S. Mushannavar. "Acute Accidental Formic Acid Poisoning: A Common Problem Reported in Rubber Plantations in Sullia." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 3, no. 2 (2012): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1104.
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ABSTRACT Background Ingestion of formic acid, accidentally or with suicidal intention is a common problem among the workers in rubber plantations in Sullia. The diluted form of formic acid is used in coagulation of rubber latex. Sullia, a small town in South India, is well known for its rubber plantations. Easy accessibility to formic acid makes it susceptible to be used for committing suicide in this region. Also accidental ingestion are very common in these workers. Aim: To study a case report of accidental formic acid poisoning and its management. Intervention The patient was managed successfully by medical line of treatment. No gastric lavage or antidote was used in treatment and no vomiting induced. Nasogastric tube feeding was done and electrolyte imbalance was corrected. Conclusion Easy availability of formic acid should be curtailed by enforcing statutory limitations in its distribution and the complication of formic acid poisoning should be educated to these rubber workers. Patients with hematemesis or melena, after successful treatment, should be followed up with serial esophagogastroduodenoscopy for diagnosis and early treatment of strictures. How to cite this article Naik SM, Ravishankara S, Appaji MK, Goutham MK, Devi NP, Mushannavar AS, Naik SS. Acute Accidental Formic Acid Poisoning: A Common Problem Reported in Rubber Plantations in Sullia. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):101-105.
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More, DattatraiKashinath, Mahmedsaeed Vora, and Vimod Wills. "Acute formic acid poisoning in a rubber plantation worker." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 18, no. 1 (2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.134957.
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Mara, Armen, and Fendria Sativa. "The Production Pattern of Rubber Farming and Farmer Behavior in Dealing with Price Fluctuations in Jambi Province, Indonesia." Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal 5, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37637/ab.v5i1.882.
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This study aims to determine (1) the magnitude of the fluctuation in rubber prices (2) the pattern of production of rubber and the behavior of farmers in dealing with price fluctuations and (3) the elasticity of the supply of rubber in Jambi Province. This study uses a survey method with the scope of the study area being Jambi Province by selecting two villages purposively, namely Muhajirin Village in Muaro Jambi Regency and Tanah Grow Village in Bungo Regency. Supply elasticity will be analyzed using secondary data and parametric statistical tests. The results showed that the fluctuation in the price of rubber in Jambi Province was quite large, namely Rp. 4,200 per kg in January 2002, then increased to Rp. 43,200 in February 2011, and decreased again to Rp. 6,000 per kg in June 2020. The pattern of rubber production in Muhajirin Village looks irrational where when the price goes down the farmers actually increase their production, that is, in order to meet their daily needs that cannot be reduced. This means that production can still be increased by increasing tapping frequency. The pattern of rubber production in Tanah Tumbuh Village looks rational, where when the price of rubber goes down the farmers do not tap rubber. To meet the needs of farmers, they switch jobs to other fields, such as laboring on plantations, construction workers, or panning for gold. Rubber’s supply elasticity in responding to rubber price changes in Jambi Province is small from one (<1) but the change is significant.
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Baird, Ian G., William Noseworthy, Nghiem Phuong Tuyen, Le Thu Ha, and Jefferson Fox. "Land grabs and labour: Vietnamese workers on rubber plantations in southern Laos." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 40, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjtg.12261.
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Rahman, Md Tahminur, Jesmine Khan, Mohammed Nasimul Islam, Mushtaq Ahmad, and Md Abdus Samad Al Azad. "Atypical presentation of disseminated tuberculosis an autopsy case report." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 10, no. 1 (April 8, 2015): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22936.
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Reporting a case of natural death where blind anti-tubercular treatment started late due to atypical presentation and conflicting laboratory reports.The deceased was a 25 year old male Indonesian rubber plantation worker initially diagnosed as Crytococcal infection and had been treated on antifungal regime. Histological examination of various organs after post mortem examinations revealed disseminated tuberculosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i1.22936 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(1) 2014
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Rosnita, Rosnita, Roza Yulida, Novia Dewi, Arifudin Arifudin, and Yulia Andriani. "The Performance of Agricultural Extension Workers on Empowerment and Independent Smallholder Farmer in Riau Province, Indonesia." International Journal of Agriculture System 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i1.1173.
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The difference between the production and productivity of smallholders with private estates describe that the extension is still not carry out the role of extension in accordance with Act No 16 of 2006 or that known as SP3K. This will certainly have an impact on performance and memandirikan educator in empowering farmers. Performance can be seen how the extension educator preparation, implementation and evaluation and reporting on the role of counseling was run. The limited number of extension workers to meet one on one village extension will result in the workload becomes larger extension. This study aims to analyze: (1) The performance of agricultural extension; (2) The level of farmer empowerment, and (3) Independence of farmers in the cultivation of rubber and oil palm. Research methods using ex post facto, (analyze and assess the factual events that occurred on the field), with a sample of 240 farmers (120 smallholders and 120 rubber farmers from four districts in Riau province. Analysis using the Scale Likert’s Summated Rating (SLR). The results of the study illustrate that the extension has been conducting outreach with good especially in preparatory education. Activities undertaken have made quite helpless farmers, but farmers still unable to act independently plantations in doing farming oil palm and rubber. Based on our research, it is suggested extension workers to improve their performance in the extension program, for farmers to improve the quality of human resources and productive economic business for rubber and oil palm commodities, and the government should make efforts to improve the farmers’ marketing institutions to reduce the dependence of farmers on toke.
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Yacob, Shakila. "Model of Welfare Capitalism? The United States Rubber Company in Southeast Asia, 1910–1942." Enterprise & Society 8, no. 1 (March 2007): 136–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700008806.
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Welfare capitalism, the management ethos adopted by American business leaders in the early twentieth century, emphasizes the role of business rather than trade unions or government in taking care of its workers. This article focuses on the reasons why the United States Rubber Company (USRC), one of the four largest U.S. rubber manufacturers, promoted welfare capitalism at its rubber plantations on the east coast of Sumatra and Malaya between 1910 and 1942. In addition, this study assesses the development of USRC's system of welfare in the areas of housing, profit sharing, pension plans, health care, and recreation. This article argues that USRC's intention was not to forestall unionization (the intention of U.S.-based companies in adopting welfare capitalism), as union formation in Southeast Asia during that period was very unlikely, but to overcome labor shortages and high turnover rates and to ensure labor stability. With reduced labor costs, the availability of financial resources allowed for technical innovations and R & D, which ultimately would lead to increased productivity.
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Khor, Pey Wen, Jia Jing Ooi, Chong Hooi Lim, and Yee Chyan Tan. "Design and development of latex cup collector robot." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1281, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1281/1/012074.
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Abstract Global rubber production has declined over the past few years as a result of a number of variables, including both environmental and human factors. In this paper, an automated robot prototype that collects latex cups was developed to improve global rubber production by assisting workers in rubber plantations. The robot was built on a mobile platform with a motorized Five Degrees of Freedom (DoF) robotic arm, Ackermann steering, double wishbone suspension, rear-wheel drive and a latex storage tank to store the latex collected from the trees. The robot was equipped with ultrasonic sensors and a camera module to locate latex cups and rubber trees so that it could move and perform tasks accurately. In addition, encoder sensor modules were used to improve the accuracy of the movements by measuring the rotational speed of the motors. The yield strength of the PLA plastic material used in developing the latex cup collector robot is 7.00 x 107N/m2 and the maximum stress of the critical parts should not exceed the maximum yield strength of the PLA plastic. In mobility test, the robot is able to travel through obstacles of 10mm and 15mm height. The topple angle of the robot in the balancing test is greater than 37°, ensuring the stability of the robot.
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Sandrakumaran, Sangeetha D/O, and Mannosh S/O Rama. "Historical Socio-Political Struggles of Indian Rubber Plantation Worker as Portrayed in the novel Mann Maatram." Journal of Tamil Peraivu 9, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jtp.vol9no1.15.
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Junaidi, Junaidi. "Role of Cultivation Technology and Planting Patterns of Farmer Choice for Improving Smallholding Rubber Productivity." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 39, no. 2 (November 17, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v39n2.2020.p86-95.
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<p>Smallholding rubber productivity in Indonesia is still relatively low due to low cultivation technology adoption. The characteristics of smallholder plantations, with limited land tenure and capital, require a specific approach compared to large plantations. This article is aimed to inform rubber cultivation innovations to improve smallholder rubber productivity. Land conservation can increase the opportunity for developing rubber in sub-optimal environments such as peatlands, tides and high-elevated areas. Plant breeding activities in Indonesia have resulted IRR superior clones series with high yield potential (more than 1,500 kg/ha/yr), vigorous growth, and resistance to main diseases. Modification of planting space can increase land productivity and alternative income for farmers during immature period. To obtain the high yield, the clonal typology harvesting system supported by latex diagnosis can optimize the potential of clones and prevent tapping panel dryness (TPD). To increase technology adoption at the farm level, the role of extension workers, farmer groups, and support from the government is required.</p><p>Keywords: Rubber, farmers, technology, productivity</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong>PERAN TEKNOLOGI BUDI DAYA DAN POLA TANAM PILIHAN PETANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KARET RAKYAT </strong></p><p>Produktivitas tanaman karet rakyat di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah, terutama disebabkan oleh adopsi teknologi budi daya belum optimal. Karakteristik perkebunan karet rakyat, terutama penguasaan lahan dan modal yang terbatas, memerlukan pendekatan spesifik dibanding perkebunan besar. Tulisan ini menginformasikan inovasi teknologi budidaya karet yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas karet rakyat. Konservasi lahan dapat meningkatkan potensi pengembangan tanaman karet di lahan suboptimal seperti lahan gambut, pasang surut, dan daerah berelevasi tinggi. Pemuliaan tanaman di Indonesia telah menghasilkan klonklon unggul seri IRR dengan potensi hasil tinggi (rata-rata di atas 1.500 kg/ha/th), pertumbuhan jagur, dan tahan terhadap penyakit. Modifikasi pola tanam dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lahan dan sumber pendapatan petani selama tanaman belum menghasilkan (TBM). Untuk mendapatkan produksi yang tinggi dan berkelanjutan, sistem pemanenan lateks tipologi klon yang didukung oleh diagnosis lateks dapat mengoptimalkan potensi klon dan mencegah kering alur sadap (KAS). Untuk meningkatkan adopsi teknologi di tingkat petani diperlukan dukungan penyuluh, kelompok tani, dan pemerintah.</p><p>Kata kunci: Karet, petani, teknologi, produktivitas.</p>
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Monalisa, Monalisa, Muhammad Akhyar, and Musa Pelu. "Peran Bahan Ajar Digital Sejarah Perkebunan Karet Berbasis Experiential Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Sikap Kewirausahaan Peserta Didik SMK Negeri 5 Bandar Lampung." Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series 5, no. 3 (February 19, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/shes.v5i3.59304.
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<p><em>The economy of Indonesian society and the unemployment rate of school leavers increased and with the coronavirus outbreak that required many workers to be laid off. This problem became the center of attention in the era of the covid-19 outbreak. This research is shown to obtain an overview of the entrepreneurial attitude of learners in implementing digital historical learning-based learning materials</em><em>. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. The type of data used is primary data through interviews to teachers and questionnaire scales to learners to find out entrepreneurial attitudes. As well as literature studies relevant to the research title for literature review.</em> <em>The results of the study are digital teaching materials about the history of rubber plantations based on experiential learning is very good applied to learners in providing entrepreneurial discussion and observation experience for the nation's economic problems into indonesia's golden generation.</em><em></em></p>
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Penjor, D., A. K. Khizuan, A. W. Chong, and K. T. Wong. "A case of nasal chromoblastomycosis causing epistaxis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 12 (November 10, 2014): 1117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114002655.
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AbstractBackground:Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that most commonly affects the feet and lower limbs. It is rare for this infection to occur on the face, and it is exceptionally rare for it to involve the nose and sinuses. This paper reports a rare case of nasal chromoblastomycosis in a 50-year-old Malaysian male.Case report:The patient, who was a rubber plantation worker in the southern state of Johor, presented to the ENT clinic with a history of epistaxis. He did not recall any history of injury to the nose. Nasal endoscopy showed a pale yellowish lesion at the inferior edge of the left middle turbinate. Histology revealed that this was a case of chromoblastomycosis.Conclusion:Chromoblastomycosis of the nasal cavity is very rare and can be mistaken for other granulomatous conditions in the nose. It progresses very slowly over many years. Our patient was managed conservatively, as he was not keen on undergoing surgical intervention. Lesion size remained the same at five months' follow up, with no recurrence of epistaxis.
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Fathimahhayati, Lina Dianati, Theresia Amelia Pawitra, and Tri Budi Purnomo. "Optimalisasi Waktu Istirahat Berdasarkan Tingkat Beban Kerja Fisiologis (Studi Kasus: CV Eja Nursery, Kutai Kartanegara)." Jurnal Media Teknik dan Sistem Industri 7, no. 2 (September 30, 2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jmtsi.v7i2.3245.
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Work in rubber plantations is considered a physically demanding type of work. Several negative impacts can occur when the physical workload exceeds the physiological capacity of the workers. Chronically, this condition can lead to excessive fatigue. One approach to addressing this issue is through ergonomic evaluation. Ergonomic evaluation is conducted to ensure that the workload does not exceed the capabilities of the workers. Based on this background, it is necessary to conduct research on determining the workload of rubber farmers based on physiological criteria in order to determine the optimal rest time for workers. This is aimed at reducing work fatigue, which not only has a detrimental effect on the workers' health but also on work quality and performance. The method used in this research is by measuring the heart rate before, after, and during work every hour. From this heart rate data, calculations will be made for energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, and %CVL (cardiovascular load). The workload categories will be determined based on the calculations. Subsequently, the calculation for determining the optimal rest time for workers will be based on the workload level. The research shows that the workload experienced by rubber farmers in CV. Eja Nursery, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, can be classified as light to moderate. Before starting work, the average heart rate of the farmers is 75 bpm, while during work, it increases to an average of 101 bpm. After completing work, the average heart rate decreases to 97 bpm due to reduced work activity. The average oxygen consumption of rubber farmers is 0.9 liters per minute, which falls into the category of light workload. The energy expenditure ranges from low to moderate, with an average of 3.4 kcal/minute during work. Energy consumption is 1.7 kcal/minute. The average cardiovascular load experienced by the farmers is 25.6%, which falls into the category of light workload, indicating no significant burden. Based on the calculations of physiological workload, it can be concluded that the energy requirements of each rubber farmer are below the standard limit, indicating no physiological fatigue. The recommended rest time according to the ILO allowance standard is 25% of the work time.Pekerjaan di perkebunan karet termasuk jenis pekerjaan yang banyak membutuhkan tenaga fisik. Sejumlah dampak buruk dapat terjadi saat beban fisik suatu pekerjaan telah melampaui kapasitas fisiologis yang dimiliki pekerja. Keadaan seperti ini secara kronik dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kelelahan berlebihan. Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal ini adalah dengan evaluasi ergonomi. Evaluasi ergonomi dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa beban kerja tidak melebihi batas kemampuan yang dimiliki seorang pekerja. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai penentuan tingkat beban kerja petani karet berdasarkan kriteria fisiologis sehingga nantinya dapat ditentukan waktu istirahat yang optimal untuk pekerja. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi kelelahan kerja yang tidak hanya berdampak buruk pada kesehatan pekerja tapi juga pada kualitas dan performansi kerja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah melalui pengukuran denyut jantung pada saat sebelum, sesudah, dan saat melakukan pekerjaan setiap 1 jam sekali. Kemudian dari data denyut jantung ini akan dilakukan perhitungan konsumsi energi, konsumsi oksigen dan %CVL (cardiovascular load). Setelah itu, ditentukan tingkat kategori beban kerja berdasarkan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan. Selanjutnya ditentukan perhitungan penentuan waktu istirahat pekerja yang optimal berdasarkan tingkat beban kerja tersebut. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat beban kerja yang dialami oleh petani karet di CV. Eja Nursery Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara dapat dikategorikan sebagai ringan hingga sedang. Sebelum memulai pekerjaan, rata-rata denyut jantung petani adalah 75 bpm, sedangkan saat mereka sedang bekerja, rata-rata denyut jantungnya naik menjadi 101 bpm. Setelah selesai bekerja, rata-rata denyut jantung turun menjadi 97 bpm karena aktivitas kerja menurun. Konsumsi oksigen rata-rata oleh petani karet adalah 0,9 liter per menit, yang termasuk dalam kategori beban kerja ringan. Rata-rata pengeluaran energi berkisar antara rendah hingga sedang, dengan rata-rata 3,4 kkal/menit saat bekerja. Konsumsi energi adalah sebesar 1,7 kkal/menit. Rata-rata beban kardiovaskular yang dialami oleh petani adalah 25,6%, yang termasuk dalam kategori beban kerja ringan, yang berarti tidak ada pembebanan yang signifikan. Dari perhitungan beban fisiologis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebutuhan energi setiap petani karet masih berada di bawah batas standar, sehingga tidak ada kelelahan fisiologis yang terjadi. Waktu istirahat yang disarankan sesuai standar kelonggaran ILO adalah 25% dari waktu kerja.
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JAMETON, ANDREW. "Conflicts between Individual Health and Nature Preservation." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 8, no. 1 (January 1999): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180199001152.
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The article by Jessica Pierce and Christina Kerby, “The Global Ethics of Latex Gloves: Reflections on Natural Resource Use in Healthcare,” raises some important but seldom asked questions about the use of natural resources in healthcare. They take for their example latex gloves, which are in wide everyday use, especially since the establishment of principles of universal precautions in infection control as a reaction to the spread of HIV. They trace the production of latex gloves back through rubber processing to their origins in Malaysian rubber plantations and elsewhere. They then ask, but do not answer, some hard questions about the ethics of our relationship as patients to the impact of the materials we use on communities and the environment. To draw out their theme more starkly, consider the rumor widespread in South America that some babies purportedly adopted by Northerners are sold and cut up for their organs. Suppose this story were true; suppose your donated organ were obtained in this way. You would probably be so revolted by the immorality of its acquisition that you would refuse to accept it. But now take a morally more ambiguous case, as Pierce and Kerby intend. Suppose that the process of obtaining latex gloves is part of the gradual erosion of the Malaysian environment, and that workers in latex factories are poorly paid. Now, should or would you refuse to use latex gloves? Should or would you even be more selective in their use? The practice of universal precautions presumes a virtually unlimited supply of gloves; yet to react to resource scarcity with selective precautions hazards discrimination. Is there any way philosophically to balance the local justice issue of discrimination in comparison to injustice on a global scale and to future generations?
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Jalil, Ashaluddin, Yesi Yesi, and Seger Sugiyanto. "The Identification of Village and Tourism Potentials in Facing Economic Social Threats of Communities in Peatland." Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 23, no. 2 (December 18, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v23.n2.p184-191.2021.
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Vulnerability to the forest and land fires in the Tohor River began in 2007 and 2009 due to the construction of canals for village development as well as the canalization of sago companies, which are 5-7 meters wide. The purpose of the study identified potential resources for people's lives and peatland protection. Data collection using observations, interviews, and discussion forums. The results showed that the potential in the field of natural resources consists of plantations including sago, rubber, river fisheries, honey, and natural forest vegetation. In addition, the economic potential is also very large individuals and groups have implemented the management of sago derivative products such as sago sugar, sago noodles, sago rendang, sago amplang, and various handicrafts from sago such as rumbia roofs, bags and mats. In the field of human resources, there are LPMP village institutions, PKK and KKP, Environmentally Conscious Group, Tohor River Youth, Fish Farming Group, and community network including sago farming groups and youth associations. The productive age group is also quite large but they generally work a lot in Malaysia as contract workers. The potential of Natural Resources and Human Resources is important in people's lives especially to protect peat but the potential has not been developed to the maximum. Collaboration from stakeholders is required to develop optimally the potential available for better peat life and ecosystem
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Bahrin, Bahrin, Duharman Duharman, and Ade Irma Suryani. "PERILAKU BERWIRAUSAHA PENDUDUK MISKIN DALAM MELANGSUNGKAN KEHIDUPANNYA." (JEMS) Jurnal Entrepreneur dan Manajemen Sains 3, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36085/jems.v3i2.3761.
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This study aims to: (1) know the characteristics of poor households in Talang Kabu Village, Ilir Talo District, Seluma Regency, (2) know the level of fulfillment of basic needs, and (3) know the entrepreneurial behavior of the poor in Talang Kabu Village, Ilir Talo Kaupaten Seluma District. This research is designed as a qualitative descriptive research. The research location is in Talang Kabu Village, Ilir Talo District, Seluma Regency. Village selection is carried out on a Purposive basis, while the selection of samples of poor families is carried out randomly. Data collection using questionnaires, observations and in-depth interviews. Data analysis is carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that several things are as follows: (1) The characteristics of poor households in Talang Kabu Village are seen in terms of the age of the head of the family, generally between 40-50 years old,, the level of education is mostly finished elementary school, the average per capita income level per month is IDR 120,000,-, the number of family dependents of 5 or more as much as 60.00%, the number of family members who work is mostly only 2 people with a percentage of 72.73%.; (2) The level of meeting the basic needs of the household, the fulfillment of food needs are included in the sufficient category, the need for clothing as much as 93.73% do not have a change of clothes, and as many as 89.09% can only buy new clothes 1 time a year, the fulfillment of board needs is mostly feasible and already has their own house, if most of them are sick (96.36 %) seek treatment at the Puskesmas; and the fulfillment of the need for clean water as a whole falls into the category of sufficient.; (3) The entrepreneurial behavior of the poor in Talang Kabu Village generally they have made various efforts to fulfill their lives which include: rice fields with a percentage of 36.36%, oil palm plantations 12.73%, rubber plantations 34.55%, carpentry 5.45%, farm workers 60.00%, trade 34.55%, confidence level in carrying out business 76.36%, happy in carrying out business 72.72%, courage in taking risks 40%, entrepreneurship influenced by the environment 47.27%, and the importance of honesty in trying 90.91%.
Keywords: Poverty, behavior, entrepreneurship
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Hari Inagurasi, Libra. "The Settlement Pattern of Rubber Plantation Areas from the Dutch-Indie’s Period in Bogor." AMERTA 32, no. 1 (March 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v32i1.377.
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Abstrak. Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pemikiran, bahwa Bogor merupakan sebuah daerah yang kaya akan potensi perkebunan masa Hindia Belanda. Meskipun demikian belum ada tulisanyang membahas seperti apa dan bagaimanakah pemukiman di kawasan perkebunan karet masa Hindia Belanda di Bogor. Dilatarbelakangi oleh pemikiran tersebut maka tulisan ini bertujuan menampilkan kembali gambaran pola pemukiman di kawasan perkebunan karet melalui jejak-jejak yang ditinggalkan. Tulisan ini disusun melalui tahap penelusuran literatur, survei arkeologi danlingkungan di lokasi penelitian, analisis, sintesa antara data arkeologi dan data sejarah. Gambaran pola pemukiman di kawasan perkebunan karet di Bogor dapat dibuktikan secara fisik melalui tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi. Bangunan-bangunan yang berfungsi sebagai rumah tempat tinggal pemilik kebun,bangunan kantor perkebunan, pengolahan getah karet, dan mausoleum, serta artefak genteng lamadan botol Eropa merupakan petunjuk keberadaan pemukiman di perkebunan karet Hindia Belanda diBogor. Pola pemukiman perkebunan tersusun atas bangunan tempat tinggal pemilik kebun misalnya landhuis atau kantor perkebunan yang dikelilingi oleh tempat tinggal pegawai dan pekerjanya, tempat pengolahan karet. Adapun mausoleum ditempatkan berjauhan dari pusat pemukiman. Abstract. The Settlement Pattern of Rubber Plantation Areas from the Dutch-Indie’s Period in Bogor.This article is based on a notion that Bogor is an area rich in potency of plantations during the Dutch-Indie’s Period. However, there has not been an article that discusses what were the settlements in the rubber plantations in Bogor during the Dutch-Indie’s period like and how were life there at that time. Based on such thought, this article will reconstruct the settlement patterns in the rubber plantations through their remains, by conducting literature study, archaeological and environmental surveys in the research area, analyses, and synthesis between archaeological and historical data. The depiction of the settlement patterns in rubber plantations in Bogor can be physically proven through their archaeological remains. Buildings that were functioned as residences of plantation owners, administration building (plantation office), rubber-latex processing building, and mausoleum, as well as artefacts in forms of old roof tiles and European bottles are indications of the presence of settlements in Dutch Indie’s rubber plantations in Bogor. The settlement pattern consists of residence of plantation owner, known as landhuis, plantation office surrounded by residences of plantation workers, and rubber-latex processing building. Mausoleum is located far from the centre of settlement.
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Thomson, Rebecca, Phok Sochea, Mak Sarath, Amanda MacDonald, Abigail Pratt, Steve Poyer, Henrietta Allen, et al. "Rubber plantations and drug resistant malaria: a cross-sectional survey in Cambodia." Malaria Journal 18, no. 1 (November 27, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3000-y.
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Abstract Background The ongoing spread of artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major threat to global health. In response, countries in the Greater Mekong Sub-region, including Cambodia, have declared ambitious goals to eliminate malaria. Major challenges include the lack of information on the at-risk population-individuals who live or work in or near the forest where the malaria vectors are found, including plantation workers. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap through a cross-sectional survey conducted in rubber plantations in Cambodia in 2014. Methods The survey was conducted in two rounds in four provinces and included a malaria prevalence survey, analysis for the K13 genetic mutation, and a comprehensive behavioural questionnaire. Forty plantations were included in each round, and 4201 interviews were conducted. An additional 701 blood samples were collected from family members of plantation workers. Results Overall malaria prevalence was relatively low with adjusted PCR prevalence rate of 0.6% for P. falciparum and 0.3% for Plasmodium vivax, and was very heterogenous between plantations. There was little difference in risk between permanent residents and temporary workers, and between the two rounds. The main risk factors for P. falciparum infection were smaller plantations, age under 30 years, lack of self-reported use of a treated net and recent travel, especially to the Northeastern provinces. Proximity of plantations to the forest was also a risk factor for malaria in round one, while male gender was also a risk factor for malaria by either species. Conclusions With Cambodia’s P. falciparum elimination target on the horizon, identifying every single malaria case will become increasingly important. Plantations workers are relatively accessible compared to some other at-risk groups and will likely remain a high priority. Ongoing surveillance and adaptive strategies will be critical if malaria elimination is to be achieved in this setting.
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Jyoti Gayan, Aranya. "ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS AND PRODUCTION PROCEDURE OF RUBBER PLANTATION IN DIMORIA REGION, KAMRUP (M), ASSAM- A CASE STUDY." Volume-1: Issue- 2 (April) 2, no. 1 (May 6, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.36099/ajahss1.2.2.
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Rubber is one of the most versatile industrial raw-materials which find use in a variety of diversified activities, ranging from clinical to defense. It literally turns the wheels of industry and there is hardly any walk of life where rubber is not used. Rubber is an elastomeric which has a natural source as well as a synthetic analogue, known as synthetic rubber. Natural rubber accounts for 78% of the consumption in India where as the global consumption of rubber are 64% synthetic and 36% natural rubber. The social and economic benefits of rubber plantation produce are new jobs, renewable raw-materials, and absorbing carbon emissions. Rubber plantation creates a host of jobs, from directly rubber harvesting activities to those created indirectly to support the needs of the plantation workers. The agro-climatic conditions of NER are quite similar to that of South-West coastal region- the traditional rubber plantation area in terms of rainfall, humidity, temperature and suitable soil structure. It is for this reason the NER registered itself in the list of non-traditional region of rubber growers. In Dimoria region there are about thirty numbers of Rubber Plantation gardens. Villagers in this hilly area on the city outskirts have found way to stretch their income-growing rubber. The paper presents a case study of the rubber plantation of this locality.
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Suri, Putri Intan, Erni Achmad, and Siti Aminah. "ANALISIS SUB SEKTOR PERKEBUNAN KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI." e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 5, no. 2 (July 5, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v5i2.13895.
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The purpose of this study are: (1) to determine and analyze the progress of labor, land area, total production, and the type of plantation commodities period of 2001-2013. (2) to determine and analyze the contribution of plantation sub-sector of the agricultural sector and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) Muaro Jambi period of 2001-2013. (3) to determine and analyze the role of plantation sub-sector to the economy in Muaro Jambi period of 2001-2013. This study used secondary data obtained from Statistics of Muaro Jambi and Dinas Perkebunan of Muaro Jambi. The descriptive analysis method qualitative and quantitative descriptive. To view the role of plantation sub-sector to the economy of the area using the model Location Quotient (LQ). The development of plantation sub-sector workforce Muaro Jambi period of 2001-2013 fluctuated. The average number of workers in the plantation sub-sector in Muaro Jambi is 5.05%. Type of plantation crops derived from people's plantations such as rubber, oil palm, coconut, hybrid coconut, robusta coffee, pepper, cocoa, nut, hazelnut, cardamom, cotton, palm. While large plantations state and private estates include rubber and palm oil. The development of the land area of plantation sub-sector in Muaro Jambi during the period of 2001-2013 amounted to 3.53% on average per year. Plantation sub-sector GDP contribution in Muaro Jambi period of 2001-2013 amounted to 50.97%. The role of plantation sub-sector Muaro Jambi 2001-2013 period average of 1.3037 is the base (LQ> 1).
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Longkumer, Watisenla, and Amod Sharma. "Economics of Rubber Plantation in Mokokchung District." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, Of (October 4, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-6137.
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Background: The present study was conducted with an aim to study the socio-economic and livelihood of the rubber growers in Mokokchung district, further main objective is to provide extra income as well as generating more employment through rubber plantation. Methods: For the present research study a total of 160 respondents were selected from 8 villages, out of which, 94 respondents (58.75 per cent) were small, 50 respondents (31.25 per cent) were marginal and 16 respondents (8.00 per cent) were medium farms, respectively. Result: Gross income for marginal, small and medium farmers was ₹ 2,48,400, ₹ 6,21,000 and ₹ 9,93,600 and net income was ₹ 95,300, ₹ 4,10,797.88 and ₹ 7,46,600. About 52.50 per cent respondents were employed in government sector with an average annual income of ₹ 1,01,70,021, followed by 38.75 per cent respondents with an average annual income of ₹ 31,00,016, 5 per cent respondents were daily wage earners with an average annual income of ₹ 2,10,002 and 3.75 per cent respondents were working in private sectors with an annual income of ₹ 5,40,000. Maximum required trained labourers and hired labourers, 89.00 per cent had permanent workers and 29.00 per cent had contract labourers. Total two marketing channels were involved viz; channel I: Producer-Processor, channel II: Producer-Agent-Processor. In channel I, the marketing cost incurred by the producer was ₹ 38/kg and the marketing cost incurred by the agent was ` 27/kg. In channel II the marketinpg cost incurred by the producer was ₹ 3/kg and the marketing cost incurred by the agent was ₹ 36/kg. The major cconstraints were lack of local trained labourers, lack of government funding, lack of market, price instability, lack of training programmes and road condition.
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"Natural rubber latex aeroallergen exposure in rubber plantation workers and glove manufacturers in Thailand and health care workers in a UK hospital." Annals of Occupational Hygiene, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/44.2.79.
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"A Review of Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Rubber Tappers in Thailand, Malaysia, India, and Sri Lanka." Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, March 1, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55057/ajress.2024.6.1.28.
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Rubber tapping is regarded as an occupational risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The impact of MSDs on the individual and their ability to work varies significantly from person to person. MSDs can cause work-limiting pain and fatigue which many people feel unable to disclose. A literature review of 14 papers on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among rubber tappers research in four selected countries Thailand, India, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. The highest number of articles were identified from Thailand, the country having the highest production of rubber. Follow by India, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka. Ergonomic risk factors cause wide range of occupational related diseases among agriculture workers especially rubber plantation population. In view of limited study on prevalence of MSD among rubber tapper in Malaysia, this study was attempted to determine the prevalence of MSD among rubber tapper based on article selection. The highest number of articles were identified from Thailand, the country having the highest production of rubber.
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Mulyoutami, Elok, Dia Mawesti, Triana, Edi Purwanto, and Atiek Widayati. "Towards a sustainable business model for rubber agroforestry in Indonesia." Tropical Forest Issues, no. 62 (March 18, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.55515/kuxt7092.
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Agroforestry systems, particularly rubber agroforests, are crucial for Dayak communities in Indonesia, providing economic benefits and vital assets for their livelihoods. Two common types in Simpang Dua sub-district are tembawang (traditional fruit gardens) and rubber agroforests. Both have flourished for generations but they now face threats of conversion due to declining rubber prices and the oil palm boom. Tembawang is considered more resilient due to better protection of tenure rights under local customary law and its greater provision of socioeconomic benefits. In some instances, rubber agroforests are only maintained because of their deep rooted social and cultural importance, but they have potential to still be economically valuable. Rubber agroforests can provide a diversified income, offering resilience against volatile rubber markets, and although oil palm provides higher income in the short term, rubber agroforests can provide higher income over the entire system cycle. Long-term financing is essential to improve yields and product quality, to support smallholder rubber agroforests, but obtaining this type of financing is difficult. Obstacles include low rubber prices, poor-quality latex, a lack of productivity of agroforestry crops and low attention from investors, financiers, and markets. Non-commercial financial support, including technical support, could help strengthen farming practices and market-based instruments, including carbon payments, could help stabilise farmers' income. The expansion, however, of large-scale oil palm plantations has shifted the rural labour force from rubber smallholders to plantation workers. Efforts to address these challenges include the establishment of a rubber processing and collective marketing unit, UPPB, to improve market access and prices for smallholder farmers. Founded in 2022, the unit aims to arrange collective marketing and provide technical capacity for farmers to meet the specifications of Standard Indonesia Rubber. By aggregating rubber slabs, farmers can earn up to 25% higher prices than individual farmers, but irregular supplies from farmers and low prices are affecting their success. Despite facing challenges, local farmers' groups remain resilient in organising themselves to improve their systems with the support of NGOs. Commitment from government and private sector stakeholders is additionally needed to further promote sustainable and inclusive rubber agroforestry businesses.
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DAMANIK, ELVRIDA PRIMAYANTI, KETUT BUDI SUSRUSA, and GEDE MEKSE KORRI ARISENA. "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Penyadap Karet PT Melania Indonesia Mas Estate (Studi Kasus di PT Melania Indonesia Mas Estate Desa Mainan, Kecamatan Sembawa, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan." Jurnal Agribisnis dan Agrowisata (Journal of Agribusiness and Agritourism), July 31, 2023, 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jaa.2023.v12.i01.p10.
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Factors Affecting Labor Productivity of Rubber Tapping PT. Melania Indonesia Mas Estate (Case Study at PT Melania Indonesia Mas Estate Toy Village, Sembawa District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra)
This study aims to determine the productivity of the tapping labor force and the factors that influence the productivity of the rubber tapping workforce of PT Melania Indonesia. This analysis uses independent variables, namely wages, work experience and incentives. The dependent variable is the productivity of tapping labor. The sample of this research is the rubber tapper workers of PT Melania Indonesia as many as 78 respondents. Statistical method using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis using SPSS 24 program, with hypothesis testing statistical test t. The results of the analysis of data from the t test showed that the wage variable (X1) had a positive and significant effect on productivity with a Sig value of 0.009 <0.05, the work experience variable (X2) and incentives (X3) also had a positive and significant effect on productivity with a Sig value. 0.000 < 0.05 and 0.000 < 0.05. The magnitude of the coefficient of determination R2 is 0.950. This means that the tapping labor productivity variable is influenced by the variables of wages, work experience and incentives by 95%. The conclusion of this study is that the variables of wages, work experience and incentives are factors that affect the productivity of rubber tappers in PT Melania Indonesia's plantation. In this case, plantation companies are expected to pay attention to stability in the provision of wages, work experience and incentives, this is because these variables are the driving factors that affect the workforce in achieving company goals.
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Memarsadeghi, Natalie, Kathleen Stewart, Yao Li, Siriporn Sornsakrin, Nichaphat Uthaimongkol, Worachet Kuntawunginn, Kingkan Pidtana, et al. "Understanding work-related travel and its relation to malaria occurrence in Thailand using geospatial maximum entropy modelling." Malaria Journal 22, no. 1 (February 13, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04478-6.
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Abstract Background Estimating malaria risk associated with work locations and travel across a region provides local health officials with information useful to mitigate possible transmission paths of malaria as well as understand the risk of exposure for local populations. This study investigates malaria exposure risk by analysing the spatial pattern of malaria cases (primarily Plasmodium vivax) in Ubon Ratchathani and Sisaket provinces of Thailand, using an ecological niche model and machine learning to estimate the species distribution of P. vivax malaria and compare the resulting niche areas with occupation type, work locations, and work-related travel routes. Methods A maximum entropy model was trained to estimate the distribution of P. vivax malaria for a period between January 2019 and April 2020, capturing estimated malaria occurrence for these provinces. A random simulation workflow was developed to make region-based case data usable for the machine learning approach. This workflow was used to generate a probability surface for the ecological niche regions. The resulting niche regions were analysed by occupation type, home and work locations, and work-related travel routes to determine the relationship between these variables and malaria occurrence. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to understand the relationship between predicted malaria occurrence and occupation type. Results The MaxEnt (full name) model indicated a higher occurrence of P. vivax malaria in forested areas especially along the Thailand–Cambodia border. The ANOVA results showed a statistically significant difference between average malaria risk values predicted from the ecological niche model for rubber plantation workers and farmers, the two main occupation groups in the study. The rubber plantation workers were found to be at higher risk of exposure to malaria than farmers in Ubon Ratchathani and Sisaket provinces of Thailand. Conclusion The results from this study point to occupation-related factors such as work location and the routes travelled to work, being risk factors in malaria occurrence and possible contributors to transmission among local populations.
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Gopal, Biju, I. Anesha Isaac, Adithya Shankar, Hasanul Banna KM, and N. Rajendran. "PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF OCULAR DISEASES AND INJURIES AMONG RUBBER TAPPERS IN A RURAL AREA IN KANYA KUMARI." PARIPEX INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, February 15, 2021, 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/paripex/1309574.
Full textAbstract:
Rubber tapping is a major occupation in Kanya Kumari district and it significantly adds to the economy of the country. There are nearly 126 rubber-based industries recognized by the District Industries Centre (DIC), providing employment to 1874 people'' .This study aims at analyzing the prevalence and risk factors associated with ocular injuries and diseases among rubber tappers in a rural area in Kanya Kumari. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the prevalence of ocular diseases and injuries in rubber tappers related to their occupation 2. To evaluate the risk factors associated with ocular diseases and injuries among rubber tappers METHODS: Rubber tappers attending the Ophthalmology Out-Patient department in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences between 1.10.2020 to 30.11.2020 were evaluated for ocular injuries and diseases.A detailed history was obtained and ocular complaints were analyzed. After a thorough systemic and ocular examination, data was collected. The collected data were analyzed. RESULTS: The study was conducted for a time period of 2 months. Data was collected from all the rubber tappers attending the ophthalmology OPD in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences. A total of 48 patients were evaluated. Among which 17 had foreign body exposure, 4 had corneal abrasion, 1 had fungal corneal ulcer, 16 had cataracts, 7 had refractive error,3 had pterygium. CONCLUSION: Occupation -related injuries are common amidst rubber tappers. The population dependent on this occupation is way too high to be left unattended or their health conditions ignored. The results obtained in this study throws light on the importance of awareness that needs to be advocated among employers and employees involved in rubber plantation and tapping. The use of protective eye goggles and other safety precautions must be propagated among the workers. The rubber tappers must be alerted about the consequences of ignoring safety precautions, specifically how it may lead to severe morbidity, sometimes even loss of vision.They must also be advised to undergo ophthalmic examination whenever necessary and on regular basis,as poor vision due to aging or even physiological refractive errors itself may lead to injuries due to compromised eyesight. After conducting this study,we came to the conclusion that the consciousness of the morbidity that may occur due to poor safety measures at work among the rubber tappers is nearly a flat line. Hence creating awareness and educating them regarding this becomes indispensable.