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Journal articles on the topic 'Rubber water soaking treated rubber'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Khatun, N., M. Misbahuddin, D. Biswas, and U. Roy. "Suitability of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) for making hardboard." International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 03, no. 02 (2021): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.030221.14.

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Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) wood (stem and branch) chips were pulped to produce hardboard for industrial use. Hardboards were made by thermo mechanical (steaming) and chemo mechanical processes for making hardboard to assess their suitability. In the thermo mechanical process, chips under 7.03 kg/cm2 and 10.55 kg/cm2 digester pressure each for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. In the chemo mechanical (chemical pre-treatment) process, chips were soaked in 1, 2, 3% NaOH solution under atmospheric pressure at 24 hours soaking time. Hardboards were tested to determine their modulus of rupture and water resis

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Abdurrahman, Habib, Nur Alfikri, Arief Rijaldo, et al. "Properties of Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber and Rice Husk Ash Mixing with Peat Water." Journal of Applied Materials and Technology 6, no. 2 (2025): 79–89. https://doi.org/10.31258/jamt.6.2.79-89.

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This study compares the effects of peat water and normal water as mixing and curing water on the properties of crumb rubber and rice husk ash concrete (CR-RHA). The number of crumb rubber and rice husk ash used on the concrete followed the optimum mixture from a previous study, which was 5% and 10%, respectively. The crumb rubber was treated to overcome the lack of adhesion by soaking it in water for 24 hours. Normal concrete (PCC) was also cast as a control. CR-RHA and PCC concrete were mixed and cured using normal and peat water. Compressive strength, tensile strength, and porosity were test

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Youssf, Osama, Reza Hassanli, Julie E. Mills, et al. "Influence of Mixing Procedures, Rubber Treatment, and Fibre Additives on Rubcrete Performance." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 2 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3020041.

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This research extensively investigates how to enhance the mechanical performance of Rubcrete, aiming to move this type of concrete from the laboratory research level to a more practical use by the concrete industry. The effects of many different mixing procedures, chemical pre-treatments on the rubber particles, and the use of fibre additives, have been investigated for their impact upon Rubcrete workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The mixing procedure variables included mixing time and mixing order. The rubber pre-treatments utilized chemicals such as S

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Thuraidah, Anny, Erie Indra Puspita, and Neny Oktiyani. "Pengaruh Genjer (Limnocharis flava) terhadap Penurunan Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Limbah Industri Karet." Medical Laboratory Technology Journal 2, no. 1 (2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/mltj.v2i1.28.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Abstract: The levels of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in the waste can be reduced by utilizing water plants such as velvetleaf (Limnocharis flava) as phytoremediation. This study aims to determine the influence of the many clumps Limnocharis flava to decreased levels of effluent BOD rubber industry with a variety clump Limnocharis flava much as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 clumps and clumps Limnocharis flava know the number of the most influential in lowering levels of BOD. This type of research is true experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. The resear

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Shafii, NaghamTariqHamadAl, RaidRA Almuhannaand, and HumamAbdAlRazaq Noaf. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CRUMB RUBBER CONCRETE TREATED BY WATER SOAKING METHOD." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 3 (2018): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/6709.

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Muhtar. "Precast Bridges of Bamboo Reinforced Concrete in Disadvantaged Village Areas in Indonesia." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (2020): 7158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207158.

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Bamboo is an inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and renewable building material that thrives in Indonesia. Bamboo has a high tensile strength but also has weaknesses, namely, it is easily attacked by insects and has high water absorption. Utilization of bamboo as a precast concrete bridge reinforcement must be treated first through soaking, drying, and giving a waterproof coating and sand. This research aimed to obtain a precast bamboo reinforced concrete bridge technology with good integrity, with measuring parameters of deformation and deflection according to AASHTO standards. The dimens

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Roychand, Rajeev, Rebecca J. Gravina, Yan Zhuge, Xing Ma, Julie E. Mills, and Osama Youssf. "Practical Rubber Pre-Treatment Approch for Concrete Use—An Experimental Study." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 6 (2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5060143.

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There is a lot of ongoing active research all over the world looking for various applications of used tyre rubber, to increase its utilisation rate. One of the common research applications is to incorporate rubber into concrete as a partial replacement for conventional aggregates. However, due to its poor bonding performance with cement paste, the utilisation of rubber in concrete has been hindered to date. A cost-effective and time-saving rubber pre-treatment method is of great interest, especially for the concrete industry. Out of all the various pre-treatment methods, soaking rubber particl

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Muhammad Ady Mulyadi, Jasman Jasman, and Mustakim Mustakim. "Pergaruh Rendaman Pada Marshall Campuran AC-BC Limbah Ban Karet Bekas Sebagai Agregat Pengganti." Konstruksi: Publikasi Ilmu Teknik, Perencanaan Tata Ruang dan Teknik Sipil 2, no. 3 (2024): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/konstruksi.v2i3.390.

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Utilization of new technologies in asphalt mixture production includes soaking technologies that can enhance mechanical properties of the mixture. This research aims to evaluate pavement vulnerability to water and the environmental quality impact due to waste from used rubber tires as an effort to strengthen pavements by substituting asphalt. The variables studied are variations of used rubber tire waste at 0%, 2%, 3%, and 4% replacing asphalt content in AC-BC mixtures. Testing was conducted using the Marshall method by soaking the mixtures in water for normal duration, 30 minutes, 24 hours, a

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Dallman, Amy, H. Taber, M. Evans, and D. Shogren. "128 Release of Zinc from Shredded Waste Tires Designed for Use as a Substrate Amendment." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 463E—463. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.463e.

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Shredded rubber from automotive waste tires has been proposed as a potential component for use as a potting root substrate. One of the problems with using shredded rubber as a root substrate is that it releases potentially phytotoxic levels of Zn. Therefore, we were interested in washing the rubber particles with either distilled water, 0.1N HCl, or 0.05N DTPA before inclusion of the rubber in the potting mix. A coarse and a fine grade were used. Seventy-two percent (% w/w) of the particles in the coarse grade were within a particle size range of 2.8-6.3 mm, while only 52% of the particles in

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Putri, Diah Ayu Kusuma, Sulhadi Sulhadi, and Teguh Darsono. "Analysis of the Results of the Reduction of Cyanide Acid Content in Hevea brasiliensis Seeds." Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research 5, no. 1 (2019): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jnsmr.2019.5.1.11026.

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Rubber seeds (Hevea brasiliensis) are part of rubber plants that have not been utilized optimaly. The content contained in rubber seeds is sufficient, including fat content of 68.53 g/100 g, proteins 17.41 g/100 g, and carbohydratees 6.99 g/100 g. However, the obstacle faced is the presence of toxic compounds found in rubber seeds namely cyanide acid (HCN) which is very dangerous if it enters the body. The purpose of this study is to find out the right treatment to reduce the content of cyanide acid so that the rubber seeds can be utilized. The research method uses experimental comparative. Th

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Khairi Supar, Hairuddin Mohammad, Masiri Kaamin, et al. "Utilization of Silica Fume and Sodium Hydroxide in Treated Crumb Rubber for Cement Mortar." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 118, no. 1 (2024): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.118.1.5466.

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Cement mortar offers an excellent replacement for materials such as fine aggregate with tire rubber waste in the form of crumbs. It provides excellent environmental and technical benefits to concrete production using recycled materials. As such, it contributes to the sustainable development of the construction industry. This paper mainly emphasizes the strength of untreated and treated crumb rubber from waste tires in cement mortar. Crumb rubber that has been pre-treated with Silica fume (SF) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to improve the strength of the mortar mix. This research used a cement-agg

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Babayemi, O. J., I. O. Daniel, M. A. Bamikole, A. Ogungbesan, and B. O. Oduguwa. "Preliminary studies on Tephrosia species: Effect of seed treatments on germination." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 30, no. 2 (2021): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v30i2.1488.

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Germination tests were conducted on the seeds of three species of Tephrosia (T. bracteolata, T. candida, and T. linearis) to investigate potential seedling establishment and possible pre-treatments to improve seed germination. Pre-culture treatments were: i) No treatment (control), ii) rubbed in sand paper, iii) soaking in boiled water for 30 seconds, iv) for 3 minutes, v) for 5 minutes, vi) soaking in concentrated sulphuric acid, and vii) soaking in water for 24 hours. After treatment, a total of two hundred and fifty seeds (5 replicates each of 50 seeds) were cultured on moist filter paper f

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13

Mazzanti, Valentina, Annalisa Fortini, Lorenzo Malagutti, Giulia Ronconi, and Francesco Mollica. "Tribological Behavior of a Rubber-Toughened Wood Polymer Composite." Polymers 13, no. 13 (2021): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132055.

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Wood polymer composites or WPCs are increasingly used as substitutes for natural wood in outdoor applications due to their better environmental sustainability and the consequent reduction in carbon footprint. In this paper, the presence of an elastomer used as a toughening agent (Santoprene by Exxon Mobil) in a polypropylene-based WPC containing 50 wt % wood flour was investigated in terms of its tribological behavior by dry sliding wear tests. These were performed after two environmental pre-conditioning treatments, i.e., drying and water soaking. The ball-on-disk configuration under a consta

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Sitanggang, Kamsia Dorliana, and Khairul Rizal. "INDUKSI PERKECAMBAHAN PADA BIJI KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell) DENGAN SISTEM PERENDAMAN DAN TANPA PERENDAMAN AIR." JURNAL AGROPLASMA 6, no. 2 (2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v6i2.1565.

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This study aims to see the differences in the speed of sprout growth with immersion systems and without water immersion. The results showed that there were differences percentage of seeds germinated between seeds that were given water immersion for 12 hours (85%) and were not given water immersion (65%). For the other parameter average days of sprouting, where the seeds that are given water immersion are more quickly induced by sprouts as much as 60% age 7 days after seedling, compared not given water immersion can only be induced by 40%. Likewise, the 17th day after the seedlings were induced

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Odehnalová, Klára, Petra Přibilová, Štěpán Zezulka, and Blahoslav Maršálek. "The Material Matters: Sorption/Desorption Study of Selected Estrogens on Common Tubing or Sampling Materials Used in Water Sampling, Handling, Analysis or Treatment Technologies." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 3328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053328.

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Plastic/rubber materials used as fasteners in equipment for analyzing or removing organic pollutants in water treatment technologies form an essential part of the device. Micropollutants in water are typically present at very low concentrations (ng/L to µg/L). Therefore, when designing, for example, units for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) or planning sample handling, it is necessary to assess whether the material is compatible with the usually hydrophobic nature of the pollutants. As a model example, the possible interactions of estrogens, namely, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrio

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Sukamto, Dwi Sucianingtyas, Lila Maharani, Siti Amalia, Sholeh Avivi, and Didik Pudji Restanto. "Sterilization and Callus Formation of Rubber Meristem (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 6, no. 4 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i4.13796.

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Rubber plant (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg) is one of the important plantation commodities in Indonesia because of its role as a source of income. It stimulates the economic growth around the rubber plantation area. The propagation of rubber is still using conventional methods like grafting. The technique of tissue culture through callus induction is one of the alternatives of mass propagation of rubber seedling with quick and efficient time. The sterilization method is very important to determine the success of tissue culture techniques. Therefore, the aim of this research is to know the best

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Indriani, Andi Marini, Gunaedy Utomo, and Amirudin Amirudin. "The Influence of Immertion on Marshall Parameters and Residual Strength Index of Rubber Asphalt Mixture." CIVED 11, no. 1 (2024): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/cived.v11i1.542.

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The bad drainage system in the road pavement area also causes the road body to be submerged in water for quite a long time, causing the bond between the asphalt and aggregate to loosen, resulting in decreased service life. Developments in the field of road construction have now implemented many innovative ideas, one of which is namely the use of rubber asphalt with asphalt containing natural rubber which has 1.5 to 2 times the strength compared to conventional asphalt. In evaluating the performance of an asphalt mixture, especially the AC-WC Wear layer mixture, it can be analyzed using the Mar

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18

Tudin, Dhabit Zahin Alias, and Ahmad Nurfaidhi Rizalman. "Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on the Properties of NaOH-Treated Rubberized Mortar." Key Engineering Materials 862 (September 2020): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.862.135.

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In this study, crumb rubber was used to partially replaced fine aggregate in mortar mixture by 5, 10, 15 and 20 volume percentage (vol%) with untreated and NaOH-treated crumb rubber. There were three (3) different water-cement ratio used which are 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55. Thus, the total number of mixtures was 27. The mortars were tested for flowability, compressive strength, flexural strength and density. Based on the results, higher water cement ratio and percentage of crumb rubber replacement increased the flowability but lowered the density, compressive strength and flexural strength of the ru

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Jing, Yuan, Chunwei Zhang, Ali Arab, Guangyi Lin, and Meng Zhao. "High-Temperature Stirring Pretreatment of Waste Rubber Particles Enhances the Interfacial Bonding and Mechanical Properties of Rubberized Concrete." Buildings 14, no. 7 (2024): 2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072162.

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This paper innovatively proposes a method of 180 °C high-temperature stirring pretreatment for waste rubber particles and compares this method with untreated, NaOH-treated, and silane coupling agent KH570-treated waste rubber particles. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, water contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray study are used to investigate the effects and mechanisms of different pretreatment methods on waste rubber particles. The results indicate that compared to NaOH-treated and KH570-treated waste rubber par

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Sidhu, Amandeep Singh, Ritika Singla, and Rafat Siddique. "Effect of pre-treated waste tire rubber on properties of concrete." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1289, no. 1 (2023): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1289/1/012080.

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Abstract In present day scenario the human activities have led to environmental degradation with increased urbanization contributing to many fold increase in constructing activities, which uses limited natural resources. Therefore, prevention of resource over-utilization and recycling of the waste is of utmost priority in construction sector. Waste tires rubber is one such potential material which can be used in concrete as replacement for fine aggregates replacement. This study represents the effect of addition of crumb rubber in concrete as sand replacement ranging from 5-20% on volume basis

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Ismanto, Agus, and Yudi Dwi Saputro. "ANALISIS KIMIA KAYU KARET ( Heavea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. ) DIAWETKAN SECARA TRADISIONAL." Jurnal Sains Natural 4, no. 2 (2017): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v4i2.91.

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Chemical Analysis of Wood Rubber (Heavea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Preserves in Traditional Rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) is one type of wood is not preserved, so it is easily attacked by wood destroying insects such as dry powder beetles, dry wood termites, termites, and ambrosia beetles. To solve this problem was the preservation of wood, both in traditional or modern. The preservation of wood in the traditional way, such as by immersion in water, boiling and steaming. In this research, analysis of levels of starch, cellulose and lignin in rubber wood, marinated, boiled or stea

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Debbarma, Gourab, A. K. Samanta, Rajat Buragohain, et al. "Effect of Rubber Seed Meal (Hevea brasiliensis) on Blood Biochemical Parameters and Enzyme Profiles of Broiler Birds." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, Apr, 4 (2023): 590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.3381.

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An experiment was conducted at Department of Animal Nutrition in C.V.Sc. & A.H., C.A.U., Aizawl, Mizoram, in the month of September to November, 2022 to assess the effect of feeding rubber seed meal (Hevea brasiliensis) on biochemical parameters and enzyme profiles of broiler birds. 200 one-day old broiler chicks were purchased from commercial broiler chick distributor of Aizawl city, Mizoram. The chicks were distributed randomly into four experimental groups in a Completely Randomized Block Design. 50 birds of each group were further divided into five replicate with ten chicks in each rep

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Navarro-Bañón, M. Virtudes, M. Mercedes Pastor-Blas, and José Miguel Martín-Martínez. "Environmental Friendly Surface Treatment of SBS Rubber with Acidified Chloramine T Aqueous Solutions." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 80, no. 1 (2007): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548161.

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Abstract As environmental friendly alternative to the halogenation treatment with trichloro isocyanuric acid solutions in organic solvents (TCI/MEK), in this study a water-based surface treatment for rubber materials based in chloramine T aqueous solutions has been proposed. It was found that the effectiveness of chloramine T (CT) (N-chloro-sodium-p-toluenesulphenamide) as chlorinating agent for rubber depends on the pH of the chlorinating solution. The surface modifications and adhesion in one SBS rubber treated with aqueous solutions of CT has been studied. Acidification of CT aqueous soluti

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Ananoria, A., and Bryan B. Pajarito. "Effect of Ingredient Loading on Water Transport Properties of a Vulcanized Natural Rubber Compound." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.55.

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Water transport properties of a vulcanized natural rubber compound are studied as function of ingredient loading using gravimetric method at 800C. Rubber sheets are compounded according to a fractional factorial design of experiment, where ingredients are treated as factors varied at two levels of loading. Weight change during immersion in water is monitored. The maximum uptakes are determined from the sorption curves which showed two distinct slopes of which two uptake rates are estimated. Analysis of variance shows that high loadings of sulfur, asphalt, and used oil significantly increase th

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P, Abhilasha, US Pal, RN Nayak, G. Sahoo, M. Mahapatra, and K. Rayaguru. "Standardisation of soaking and germination time for preparation of germinated brown rice." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 59, no. 1 (2022): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.1.14.

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A study was undertaken to standardise the soaking and germination time for preparation of germinated brown rice (GBR). Freshly harvested paddy of Prativa variety was dehusked (dehusked or dehulled) in rubber roll sheller to get brown rice which was soaked in demineralised water followed by germination at 27±1oC temperature and 85-90 % relative humidity for different time period. The soaking and germination time were standardised based on moisture content, germination percentage, Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and total microbial load for preparation of germinated brown rice. Germinatio

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Li, Tong, Wenwu Yang, Dan Li, et al. "Synthesis and Plugging Mechanism of New Water-Swellable Rubber Particles for Fractured Pores in High Water-Cut Reservoirs." Processes 10, no. 12 (2022): 2469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122469.

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Most of the onshore water-flooding oilfield reservoirs have dominant seepage channels dominated by large pores and fractures, resulting in the oilfield being in a period of high water cut. The treatment of this problem needs to be solved by plugging. In the research process, the particle size and suspension of the water-swellable rubber particles were measured, and the effective time of the particles was evaluated; matching relationship. The results show that adding 2000 mg/L polymer to the water-swellable rubber particles can better improve the suspension performance; the performance of the p

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Yang, Chunwang, Susu Yang, Huanxin Yang, Buapan Puangsin, and Jian Qiu. "Improvement of the Dimensional Stability of Rubber Wood Based on the Synergies of Sucrose and Tung Oil Impregnation." Forests 14, no. 9 (2023): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091831.

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Rubber wood often exhibits dimensional instability during use, which seriously hinders its widespread application. In order to enhance the dimensional stability of rubber wood, a two-step method was employed in this study to modify rubber wood using two plant-derived compounds, namely sucrose and tung oil. Samples treated alone with sucrose or tung oil were also prepared. The water absorption, dimensional stability, and thermal stability of modified and untreated wood were evaluated. The results show that wood samples treated with 30% sucrose and tung oil had excellent water resistance and dim

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Zhang, Zhi Yi, Hui Jun Niu, Jia Jia Zhang, and Yan Yun Cui. "Influence of the Treatment with Sulfuric Acid on Adhesion of Natural Rubber and Cast Polyurethane Elastomers." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.86.

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In this study, natural rubber (NR) was treated with sulfuric acid to improve its adhesion properties to polar polymer. T-peel strength tests, scanning electron microscopy, contact-angle measurement (water), Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector were used to analyze the nature of the NR surface modifications which were carried out with sulfuric acid. A noticeable decrease in contact angle was observed on the rubber surface by contact-angle measurements which can be ascribed to the increase of oxidized moieties on the rubber surface. EDX revealed that oxidized moieties were created through treatment

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Ananoria, Abhel Y., and Bryan B. Pajarito. "Water Diffusion in Natural Rubber Vulcanizates: Effect of Ingredient Loading on Swelling and Mechanical Properties." Key Engineering Materials 705 (August 2016): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.705.30.

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The effect of compounding ingredients to swelling and mechanical properties of vulcanized natural rubber (NR) in deionized water at 80°C was investigated. Rubber sheets are compounded according to a fractional factorial design of experiment, where ingredients are treated as factors varied at two levels of loading. Results show that sulfur, used oil, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), reclaimed rubber, asphalt, diphenyl guanidine (DPG), mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide (MBTS) are some of the significant ingredients of the formulation affecting the material properties of

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Suaryana, Nyoman, and Tedi Santo Sofyan. "Performance Evaluation of Hot Mixture Asphalt Using Concentrated Rubber Latex, Rubber Compound and Synthetic Polymer as Modifier." Civil Engineering Dimension 21, no. 1 (2019): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ced.21.1.36-42.

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Research on the utilization of natural rubber for Hot Mixture Asphalt as modifier has been widely carried out, and more intensively since 2016 due to the declining global natural rubber price. Further research conducted is the utilization of pre-vulcanized concentrated rubber latex and rubber compound added with antioxidants and treated through vulcanization process. This study experimentally evaluates the performance of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (ACWC) using natural rubber and synthetic polymer as modifier, compared to ACWC without modifier (only petroleum asphalt). The results show tha

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Hayman, Ernest P., and Henry Yokoyama. "Enhanced Germination Rates and Growth of DCPTA-treated Guayule Seed." HortScience 25, no. 12 (1990): 1614–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1614.

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A 26-μm DCPTA seed treatment for guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) was developed. We obtained a 23% increase in germination rate as measured by the coefficient of velocity (C.V.). Greenhouse seedlings grown from DCPTA-treated seeds exhibited a 22% increase in dry weight and a 95% increase in survival rate under water-limiting conditions. In field-grown guayule, multiple foliar applications of 8.2 mm DCPTA increased the total amount of rubber in roots as much as 58% without affecting the rubber content in the stems. Chemical name used: 2-Diethylaminoethyl-3,4-Dichlorophenylether (DCFTA).

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Zhao, Jianbai, Baifa Zhang, Jianhe Xie, Yanhai Wu, Zhihao Wang, and Peng Liu. "Effects of nano-SiO₂ modification on rubberised mortar and concrete with recycled coarse aggregates." Nanotechnology Reviews 11, no. 1 (2022): 473–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0024.

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Abstract With the recent acceleration of industrialisation and urbanisation, increasing quantities of demolished construction waste and waste tyres are being produced. The production of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) and rubber particles from this waste, for use as partial or full replacements of normal aggregate in cement concrete, is attracting attention as a solution to the problem of solid waste management. However, the greater incidence of defects in RCA and rubber particles than in normal aggregate limits their application in construction industries. This study evaluated an economic and

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Tyczkowski, Jacek, Jacek Balcerzak, Jan Sielski, and Iwona Krawczyk-Kłys. "Effect of Carbon Black Nanofiller on Adhesion Properties of SBS Rubber Surfaces Treated by Low-Pressure Plasma." Polymers 12, no. 3 (2020): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030616.

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Studies on the surface modification of commercial styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) rubber with different carbon black (CB) nanofiller content (10–80 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr)) performed by low-pressure oxygen plasma are presented in this paper. The adhesion properties of the rubber were determined by the peel test for adhesive-bonded joints prepared with a water-based polyurethane (PU) adhesive. The chemical structure and morphology of the SBS rubber surface before and after plasma treatment were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microsco

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Mohammadi, Iman, and Hadi Khabbaz. "Shrinkage performance of Crumb Rubber Concrete (CRC) prepared by water-soaking treatment method for rigid pavements." Cement and Concrete Composites 62 (September 2015): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.02.010.

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Mancel, Vladimír, Iveta Čabalová, Jozef Krilek, et al. "Utilization of Waste Rubber Materials After the End of Their Life Cycle in the Production of Three-Layer Particleboards—Physical and Mechanical Properties." Polymers 17, no. 7 (2025): 998. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17070998.

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The aim of the article was to test new types of rubber-containing particleboards created from waste materials, which positively contributes to environmental protection, saving primary resources and reducing production costs. This article focuses on the study of three-layer particleboards made from wood particles (spruce non-treated beams) and waste rubber granulates (tires, mixture of seals and carpets, internal flammable cables, external non-flammable cables). Urea–formaldehyde glue, melamine–formaldehyde glue, paraffin emulsion, and ammonium nitrate were used as a binders and excipients in t

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Jindasuwan, Sunisa, and Sitthisuntorn Supothina. "Top Layer Coating for Improving Superhydrophobic Property of Latex Cup." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.52.

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A latex cup is used to collect latex from a rubber tree which is an economic plant in Thailand. The fresh latex or crude rubber consists of organic compound and water which can wet and adhere to surface of the collecting cup. In this research, surface of the latex cup was treated with polymethylhydrogen siloxane-functionalized silica compound to improve hydrophobicity so that it could repel the dirt and latex, resulting in an anti-adhesion between the latex and the cup. Surface of the latex cup was etched with 10 % v/v hydrofluoric acid for 30 min before application of the siloxane coating whi

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Thuy, Nguyen Thi, Vu Minh Duc, and Nguyen Thanh Liem. "The Epoxidized Vietnam Rubber Seed Oil as a Secondary Plasticizer/Thermal Stabilizer in PVC Processing." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (April 10, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525547.

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The epoxidized rubber seed oil (EeRSO) was a mixture of epoxidized triglyceride, and epoxidized methyl ester of free fatty acids was used as a secondary plasticizer for PVC. An increase in tensile properties was observed by substituting the 10 phr DOP plasticizer with the EeRSO in PVC formulation. A leaching test was performed in five media to evaluate the plasticizing effect. The sample weight increased slightly after soaking in water and 30 wt.% acetic solution, decreased slightly in 10 wt.% KOH solution, and reduced sharply and strongly in sunflower oil and n-hexane. The 10 phr EeRSO in PVC

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Mičicová, Zuzana, Mariana Pajtášová, Darina Ondrušová, Slavomíra Božeková, Silvia Ďurišová, and Róbert Janík. "Effect of low-temperature plasma-treated bentonite on rubber compounds properties." Polimery 68, no. 11-12 (2024): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2023.11.6.

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The influence of low-temperature plasma modification of bentonite on the dynamic-mechanical properties and vulcanization of rubber mixtures was examined. EDX, FTIR and TGA analysis were used to evaluate the filler. IR spectra of modified bentonite indicate lower intensity of the bands associated with OH groups and water. TGA confirms a smaller weight loss of samples subjected to plasma treatment, which also proves a lower water content in the mineral, confirming the effectiveness of the plasma treatment used.

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Soo, Sin-Quan, Lee-Woen Ean, Cheng-Yee Ng, and Jee-Cheat Tan. "Feasibility study of compressed bricks utilizing rubber glove manufacturing residue." E3S Web of Conferences 347 (2022): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234702005.

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The demand of the rubber glove had increased significantly since early of the year 2020 due to the COVID-19 virus breakout especially in the medical and healthcare sector. Rubber Glove Manufacturing Residue (RGMR) is the by-product from the effluent treatment by coagulation process in the manufacturing procedure. Non-recyclable RGMR are disposed to landfill after treated. This research is aimed to reuse the RGMR in cemented interlocking bricks to address the natural resources depletion issues and greenhouse gases released from the burnt brick production. The comparison in terms of physical and

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Miah, Md Jihad, Md Kawsar Ali, Suvash Chandra Paul, et al. "Impact of Partial Replacement of Brick Coarse Aggregate by Waste Rubber Tyre on the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 877 (February 2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.877.131.

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This study focused on the feasibility of utilizing waste rubber tyre as coarse aggregate in concrete as a partial replacement of brick aggregate (BA). Within this context, fresh and hardened properties were investigated on concrete made with three different percentage replacements (0, 10 and 20% by volume) of BA by waste rubber tyre aggregate (WRTA). The WRTA was washed with tap water (H2O) and treated with 20% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 2 hours. It was found that the workability and dry density of concrete decrease with an increasing percentage of WRTA. In case of mechanical properties, the

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Mohammadi, Iman, Hadi Khabbaz, and Kirk Vessalas. "In-depth assessment of Crumb Rubber Concrete (CRC) prepared by water-soaking treatment method for rigid pavements." Construction and Building Materials 71 (November 2014): 456–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.085.

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Peterson, Steven C., and A. J. Thomas. "Lauric Acid Treatments to Oxidized and Control Biochars and Their Effects on Rubber Composite Tensile Properties." C 8, no. 4 (2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c8040058.

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Biochar is a renewable source of carbon that can partially replace carbon black as filler in rubber composites. Since the carbon content of biochar is less pure than carbon black, improvements and modifications must be made to biochar to make it a viable co-filler. In this work, two methods to change the surface chemistry of biochar were employed: (1) gas treatment at 300 °C with either air or carbon dioxide, and (2) coating with lauric acid. Both methods are amenable to the current rubber processing industry. After biochar was treated with these methods, it was used as co-filler in rubber com

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Pajarito, Bryan B., and Mark Rigel R. Ali. "Moisture Diffusion in Silica/Clay/Natural Rubber Hybrid Composites." Diffusion Foundations 22 (May 2019): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.22.9.

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This study investigated moisture diffusion in natural rubber (NR) hybrid composites filled with silica and bentonite clay. Natural bentonite (BNT) was treated with tetradecyldimethylammonium chloride and coco diethanolamide to produce modified bentonite (M-BNT). Varied proportions of silica, M-BNT, and BNT fillers were added to raw NR according to a third-degree simplex lattice mixture design of experiment. The addition of fillers affects the vulcanization characteristics, mechanical properties, and hardness of NR hybrid composites. Moisture diffusion behavior was studied by monitoring the wat

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P. Subashree, S. Vivek, and N. Muthukumaran. "Unleashing the Flexural Behavior of Ceramic Hybrid Rubber Reinforced Composites for Sustainable Industry." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 1 (2024): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.03.241509.

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An innovative methodology is employed to explore the potential of repurposing floor ceramics and used tire rubber for fine aggregate. In contrast to one-way ordinary concrete slabs, the behavior of Ceramic Hybrid Rubber Reinforced Composite Slabs (CHRRCS) under pure bending has been thoroughly examined. There is no discernible negative effect of the quantity of ceramic floor tiles on the characteristics of concrete. In this study, M30 concrete with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.38 is employed. The distribution reinforcement was made up of bars with an 8 mm diameter, while the main reinforcement

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Awan, Hamad Hassan, Muhammad Faisal Javed, Adnan Yousaf, Fahid Aslam, Hisham Alabduljabbar, and Amir Mosavi. "Experimental Evaluation of Untreated and Pretreated Crumb Rubber Used in Concrete." Crystals 11, no. 5 (2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050558.

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The present research aims at evaluating the mechanical performance of untreated and treated crumb rubber concrete (CRC). The study was also conducted to reduce the loss in mechanical properties of CRC. In this study, sand was replaced with crumb rubber (CR) with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by volume. CR was treated with NaOH, lime, and common detergent for 24 h. Furthermore, water treatment was also carried out. All these treatments were done to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete that are affected by adding CR. The properties that were evaluated are compressive strength, indirect tens

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Pham, Phuong N. "Utilization of rubber aggregates in cement-treated bases: A review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1289, no. 1 (2023): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1289/1/012076.

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Abstract Cement-treated bases are commonly used in high-classified road pavements due to their stable strength and improved durability. However, this type of pavement base is sensitive to shrinkage caused by early water loss or temperature change after construction, resulting in shrinkage cracks and subsequent reflective cracking in semi-rigid pavements. To address this issue, various waste or by-products, such as oil, steel slag, end-of-life tires etc., have been investigated for use as an additive or a replacement for aggregates in cement-treated base. This review focuses specifically on the

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Paul, Suvash Chandra, Shamsul Islam, Abdullah Al Mamun, et al. "Treated Waste Tire Using Cement Coating as Coarse Aggregate in the Production of Sustainable Green Concrete." Eng 4, no. 2 (2023): 1432–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng4020083.

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Waste tire rubber is one of the most concerning environmental pollution issues. With the increasing demand for automobile production, the rate of waste tire generation has also increased. However, these tires often end up stockpiled and not properly disposed of. This non-biodegradable waste poses severe fire, environmental, and health risks. Due to the progressively severe environmental problems caused by the disposal of waste tires, the feasibility of using such elastic waste materials as an alternative to natural aggregates has become a research topic. The main objective of this research is

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Wei, Chong Beng, Rokiah Othman, Tan Wei Sheng, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, and Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah. "Properties of Mortar with Waste Tyre Rubber as Partial Sand Replacement." Key Engineering Materials 879 (March 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.879.49.

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Around 1000 million waste tyres are generated annually and over 5000 million more are estimated to be discarded by 2030. It is estimated that one waste tyre is discarded per person in developed areas, hence 1 billion waste tyres are disposed worldwide. Waste tyre is difficult to manage as it takes up space, is difficult to compress and combustion of tyre releases highly toxic substance into the air. Hence, most of them end up in the landfill, as past research data estimated that currently 4 billion waste tyres can be found in landfills. In this study, up to 30% tyre rubber with a fine grind si

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BOONDAMNOEN, Orathai, Yolada ISSARASEREE, Nattapan PHONGPALA, Usa SANGWATANAROJ, and Mantana OPAPRAKASIT. "Green Material From Natural Rubber-Coated Fabric As A Sustainable Solution In Removing Oil From Water." International Journal of Conservation Science 14, no. 3 (2023): 1163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36868/ijcs.2023.03.25.

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Oil removal from water has become more important for environment sustainability since there are many cases of oil leakage accidents. Oil spills, whether caused by accidents or other factors, can have devastating effects on aquatic ecosystems and wildlife. To clean up by utilizing green materials, it can mitigate the environmental impact of oil spills and align with the principles of conservation science. Therefore, in this work, an attempt was made to clean oil contamination using rubber foam attached with cotton fabric. The enhancement of hydrophobicity would increase the efficiency of oil re

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Munandar, Andika, Khairratul Nabila, and Rifka Noor Azizah. "Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) Removal from Rubber Wastewater Factory Using Electrocoagulation Technique." Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability 7, no. 1 (2023): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2023.7.1.27-31.

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Rubber industrial wastewater is obtained during washing, shredding, grinding, crumbbing, drying, and pressing bokar. The wastewater produced can be an environmental pollutant because it contains relatively large amounts of organic matter. One alternative to treating rubber wastewater is to use the electrocoagulation process, which is a combination of the coagulation and electrolysis processes. This electrocoagulation process has several advantages in the form of simple equipment, short time, produces odorless wastewater, does not require large areas of land, and can remove various contaminants

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