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1
MacIntosh, Kevin J. Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Civil. "Ice interaction with a rubble mound breakwater; a case study." Ottawa, 1985.
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2
McLean, Niall D. "Water wave diffraction by segmented permeable breakwaters." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7256.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an original theoretical investigation, based on diffraction theory (extended for permeable structures by Sollitt & Cross [56]), of the performance of segmented rubble mound breakwaters. The amount of protection offered by such a breakwater is a function of the rubble construction (characterized by porosity and permeability), geometry and spacing of segments as well as depending on the the characteristics of the incident wave field. To explore the influence of these factors on the performance of these breakwaters, the diffraction by three related structures have been considered :a periodic array of impermeable blocks, a single continuous rectangular section permeable structure and a periodic array of permeable blocks in shallow water.
3
Ozden, Utku Ahmet. "Quality Assessment Of The Armourstones For Some Black Sea Rubble Mound Breakwaters." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607931/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Black Sea coast line is a hazardous region especially in winter due to the dominant wave action. Therefore, rubble mound breakwaters used as ship shelters are vital structures especially for the fishermen. Construction of the breakwater requires good quality durable armourstones. Due to the nature of the rubble mound breakwaters, armourstones having various sizes and types are used in the construction of these structures. The deterioration of these armourstones with time in the form of abrasion and disintegration may result in the failure of the breakwater. Therefore, it is important to investigate the durability and quality of the armourstones to be used in these structures. In this thesis, the properties of the armourstones taken from five rock quarries and used in the Hisarönü
(Bartin), the Tarlaagzi (Bartin) and the Alapli (Zonguldak) rubble mound breakwaters were studied both in field and laboratory in order to assess their qualities and long term durabilities. Based on the in-situ observations and laboratory tests, the Kavakdere, Kavukkavlagi and the Tarlaagzi limestones are good (durable) rocks. However, the Ç
ö
mlekç
ikuyu andesite is found to be generally marginal rock, and the Kiran sandstone is poor rock. CIRIA/CUR, RDId, RERS and Wet-Dry strength ratio classifications are in good agreement with the in-situ observations and the results of the laboratory tests. However RDIs, Average Pore Diameter and Saturation Coefficient classifications do not fully reflect the reality.
4
Eden, Derek. "Forces and Pressures on Core-Loc Armour Units in Rubble Mound Breakwaters Measured via Instrumented “Smart-Units”." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39058.
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Today, more than forty percent of the world’s population lives within 100 kilometers of a coastal area, and population densities are only increasing. In recent years, extreme conditions have resulted in several failures of coastal protection structures around the world. During these failure events, the incurred cost of damages and loss of life has been nearly immeasurable.
Rubble mound breakwaters have been used for millennia, and are critical even today for the protection of coastal areas. In the last several decades, the popularity of using concrete armour units in place of natural rock has risen greatly. However, the quantitative interaction between wave hydrodynamics and the armour layer is still not clearly understood. Due to highly complex, turbulent flow patterns that occur in the armour layer, direct assessment of forces acting on individual units has not been practical. This has prevented the coastal engineering field from applying a force-balance design approach that is commonplace in other civil engineering disciplines. Instead, a wealth of experimental testing and past case studies have resulted in a wide array of empirical formulae and design techniques. These approaches are often very idealized and do not account for all parameters that have been shown to affect armour unit stability.
The current study aims to quantify the forces and pressures acting on units within an armour layer, using an experimental approach. This was achieved by developing an instrumented Core-Loc armour unit. This armour unit was outfitted with 6 pressure sensors, and the ability to be mounted on a force transducer. This unit was then put through a performance analysis and calibration procedure, before being extensively tested in a breakwater setting. Wide ranges of wave conditions were utilized, with the unit at three different locations along the breakwater slope. This was done to isolate both the effect of various sea state parameters, and the effect of unit location along a breakwater slope versus generated forces and pressures. In addition to the experimental study, an accompanying numerical study was performed in OpenFOAM. This had the intent of both developing general modeling rules of thumb for rubble mound breakwaters, and for replicating the experimental results.
The results showed that using relatively low-tech, low-cost, and widely available instrumentation was capable of performing in a coastal engineering setting. The performance of the unit showed great promise for “smart-units” to usher in a new paradigm of experimental testing for rubble mound breakwaters. From the results of the performance analysis and calibration procedure, it was evident that the unit could record forces and pressures to a high degree of accuracy. From the breakwater testing program, notable relationships between unit location, surf similarity, and wave steepness emerged. It appeared that the largest hydrodynamic interaction with units occurs slightly below the SWL. As well, both decreased surf similarity, and increased wave steepness resulted in higher hydrodynamic interaction for all locations. General rules of thumb for modeling armour units, as well as wave conditions in a breakwater setting were developed for the numerical study in OpenFOAM. Additionally, the calibrated numerical model was capable of reproducing the experimental results with reasonable accuracy.
5
Pratola, Luigi. "Studio dell'interazione tra moto ondoso e strutture marittime mediante modellazione fisica." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1921.
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2012 - 2013Le aree costiere rappresentano sistemi naturali del tutto unici, così come unici sono i fenomeni che le caratterizzano. L’erosione dei litorali, divenuta ormai un fenomeno di interesse planetario, ha spinto verso un approfondimento delle conoscenze dei processi costieri, consentendo di operare nella lotta ai suddetti fenomeni, attraverso strategie sempre più mirate e attente. Una migliore conoscenza dei processi costieri, infatti, può consentire agli ingegneri di adottare approcci più corretti nella progettazione di opere di protezione costiera. La principale fonte di supporto per l’ingegneria costiera è rappresentata dalla letteratura tecnica e scientifica relativa ad interventi già posti in essere nel passato. Strumenti di conoscenza aggiuntivi possono essere forniti da fonti di diversa natura. Uno su tutti la modellistica fisica, che rappresenta senza dubbio un importantissimo mezzo di conoscenza al servizio della progettazione del tipo di opere in parola. Tramite la modellistica fisica è possibile, ad esempio, studiare fenomeni quali la propagazione del moto ondoso nel suo percorso dal largo verso riva, l’agitazione ondosa all’interno dei porti, la stabilità delle strutture sottoposte alle azioni dinamiche del moto ondoso, così come il wave runup, l’overtopping, la riflessione e la trasmissione ad esse associati. Si tratta di fenomeni la cui conoscenza risulta di fondamentale importanza quando nasce l’esigenza di progettare un’opera di difesa costiera. E il risultato è tanto migliore, quanto più sono specifiche le conoscenze su cui viene fondato il progetto. Si consideri, ad esempio, il caso delle dighe a scogliera, il cui strato di armatura più classico è costituito da massi naturali di grandi dimensioni: laddove non ci dovesse essere sufficiente disponibilità del suddetto materiale, o laddove si sia in presenza di condizioni meteomarine particolarmente gravose, le unità di armatura in massi naturali vengono normalmente sostituite da unità in calcestruzzo, per le quali esiste ormai una gran varietà. E’ evidente che, a seconda della forma e delle dimensioni delle suddette unità, nonché del numero di strati con cui esse vengono posizionate sulla mantellata, cambia sensibilmente il comportamento idraulico della struttura. Ne consegue la necessità, in fase di progettazione, di poter disporre di parametri che siano caratteristici della tipologia di unità di armatura della mantellata che si deve realizzare. L’individuazione dei suddetti parametri deve essere necessariamente il risultato di prove sperimentali eseguite in laboratorio su modelli fisici di strutture realizzate con quelle specifiche unità di armatura. Oggetto del presente lavoro, dunque, è lo studio dei fenomeni che intervengono nell’interazione tra il moto ondoso e le strutture di difesa costiera, in particolare per un’opera a gettata costituita da una tipologia di unità di armatura in calcestruzzo non presente in mercato, attualmente sottoposta a procedura brevettuale. Il lavoro è stato condotto mediante sperimentazione su un modello fisico bidimensionale realizzato presso il Laboratorio di Ricerca e Sperimentazione per la Difesa delle Coste (LIC) del Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, del Territorio, Edile e di Chimica (DICATECh) del Politecnico di Bari. Lo studio ha permesso di individuare alcuni parametri caratteristici delmasso in oggetto, quali ad esempio il coefficiente di stabilità e il coefficiente di scabrezza, necessari per il calcolo delle grandezze con cui poter effettuare il dimensionamento dell’opera. Inoltre, sono state valutate alcune delle formulazioni presenti in letteratura per il calcolo delle suddette grandezze, al fine di analizzare la loro adattabilità al nuovo masso. [a cura dell'autore]
XII n.s.
6
Ozbahceci, Oztunali Berguzar. "Effect Of Wave Grouping,spectral Shape And Exreme Waves In A Wave Train On The Stability Of Rubble Mound Breakwaters." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605170/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
There are some empirical formulas used in the design of rubble mound breakwaters to find the weight of armour layer stone. The effect of wave grouping and spectral shape could not put into these design formulas since their effects are still under question. The influences of wave groups and spectral shape on the stability of rubble mound breakwaters have been investigated by several researchers up to now. However, results were not conclusive in these researches, where different wave grouping and spectral shape parameters were used.
This study aims to investigate the influences of wave groups and spectral shape on the stability of rubble mound breakwaters by means of hydraulic model experiments. According to the result of the experiments, the damage
to breakwater armour layer is almost same for different spectrum shapes and pronounced wave grouping, under the condition of similar wave statistics. Experiments also indicated that the wave trains with same significant wave height, H1/3, but with different distribution of the heights of extreme waves which were defined as wave heights higher than H1/3 in this
study, cause different damage levels. Based on these results, extended experiments were conducted to observe the effect of heights of extreme waves in a wave train on the stability of rubble mound breakwaters. Results of the experiments showed that the higher the extreme waves are, the more
destructive the wave train is. By carrying experimental results into design conditions, it was shown that a wave train with high extreme waves may affect the design weight of armour stone.
Finally, in order to achieve more practical tools for engineering applications, occurrence probabilities of extreme waves under different spectral shapes were obtained by a numerical simulation. As a result, for different occurrence probabilities of extreme waves under the most widely used spectrums of PM and JONSWAP, necessary weight of armour stone was given in a range comparing with the formula of Meer. Moreover, it was noted that the spectral shape indirectly affects the stability not due to the wave grouping but due to the extreme waves in a wave train since the occurrence probability of the high extreme waves becomes higher as the spectral shape
becomes narrower under same significant wave height condition.
7
Fiskin, Gokce. "A Case Study On The Stability Of Berm Type Coastal Defense Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605604/index.pdf.
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Coastal defense structures have primary importance from obtainabilty of resources and benefits served by the coastal regions point of view. However, the construction of coastal defense structures demand a high amount of investment. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of collapse of these structures, model studies should be carried during the design process.
In this study, model investigations were carried out on Eastern Black Sea Highway Project regarding the serviceability and damage thus stability parameters. 5 different models were constructed as berm type rubble-mound breakwaters using Van Der Meer&rsquos approach and berm design guidelines, with a scale of 1/31.08 and they were tested both for breaking and non-breaking waves. The experiments took place in the Coastal and Harbor Engineering Laboratory of the Middle East Technical University, Civil Engineering Department. The models were constructed and tested with different berm widths and armor stone sizes forming the back armor layer in order to examine the effect of these design parameters on the stability and serviceability of the coastal defense structure to obtain the optimum alternative cross-section. Cumulative damage was minimum for the cross-section constructed with berm width 15 m assigning the width of the prototype. Water spray and run-up values were also not significant. The test results were confirming with Van Der Meer design approach.
8
Arikan, Gokce. "Reliability-based Design Model For Rubble-mound Coastal Defense Structures." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611602/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, a new computer model (tool) for the reliability-based design of
rubble-mound coastal defense structures is developed in which design is
carried out in a user frienly way giving outputs on time variant reliability for
the predetermined lifetimes and damage levels. The model aims to perform the
following steps:
1. Determine the sources of uncertainties in design parameters
2. Evaluate the damage risk of coastal structures which are at design stage
and are recently constructed.
3. Study the sensitivity of limit state functions to the design parameters.
Different from other reliability studies on coastal projects, a new design
computer program is developed that can be easily used by everyone working in
coastal engineering field.
9
Ben, Belkacem Yasmine. "Ιmpact d'événements extrêmes sur les structures de prοtectiοn côtière." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH42.
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Ce travail de recherche a pour objectif d'étudier l'impact de la houle sur les structures de protection côtières. L'objectif principal de cette étude est d'évaluer la capacité des outils CFD à modéliser et prédire avec précision l'impact des charges extrêmes des vagues sur des digues conventionnelles en enrochement avec murs de couronnement.Pour mener cette étude, le logiciel numérique OpenFOAM est utilisé pour aborder deux questions scientifiques clés : les charges impulsives des vagues agissant sur des parapets incurvés (partie supérieure du mur de couronnement) et le développement de la houle à travers le revêtement (le milieu poreux à la base de la digue).Dans un premier temps, une houle de Stokes non-linéaire est modélisée pour évaluer les performances du solveur numérique afin de reproduire le déferlement des vagues sur un mur vertical avec un parapet incurvé, et pour évaluer les pressions d'impact associées. Les résultats calculés sont comparés aux données expérimentales provenant des essais réalisés à Hanovre (Allemagne), fournies dans le cadre du benchmark ISOPE 2022.Ensuite, la physique de l'interaction des vagues avec des digues complètement immergées est étudiée expérimentalement. Sur cette base, le présent travail examine également la capacité du solveur à simuler l'interaction fluide-structure.Enfin, le présent travail discute des avantages et des limites de ces méthodes numériques utilisées en génie côtier. Les différentes conclusions de cette étude visent à répondre à la demande de INGEROP Conseil et Ingénierie concernant l'adéquation de la CFD pour leurs applications industriellesThe present work aims to investigate the water waves impact on coastal protection structures.The primary focus of this research is to assess the ability of CFD tools to accurately model and predict the impact of extreme wave loads on conventional rubble mound breakwaters with crown walls, a structure commonly designed to mitigate wave-induced forces and fight the threats associated with sealevel rise. To carry out with this investigation, the numerical toolbox OpenFOAM is employed and the problematic is approached from two key perspectives : the impulsive wave loads acting on recurved parapets (the upper portion of breakwaters) and the wave transformation through the revetment (the porous media at the base).Initially, non-linear Stokes waves are used to evaluate the performance of the numerical solver to reproduce realistic wave breaking on a vertical wall attached with a recurved parapet, and to assess the related impact pressure records. The computed results are validated against experimental data from the large wave flume (GWK) in Hannover (Germany), provided as part of the ISOPE 2022 benchmark. Next, the physics of waves interaction with submerged crested breakwaters is investigated experimentally.In fact, the present work also investigates the capability of the solver to simulate the most relevant hydrodynamics that occurs between waves and submerged breakwaters. Finally, this work discusses the advantages and thelimitations of these numerical methods used in coastal engineering. The different findingss of this study serve to adress INGEROP's inquiry regarding the suitability of CFD for their industrial applications
10
Simpalean, Adrian Raul. "Experimental Investigations of Core-Loc Armour Units." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38745.
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In the present study, the influence of geometric scale, unit orientation (alternatively, flow direction), and the dimensionless Reynolds and Keulegan-Carpenter quantities on the hydrodynamic loading of Core-Loc armour units is explored through a series of physical modelling tests under unsteady and oscillatory flow conditions.
11
Iuppa, Claudio. "Ottimizzazione di dighe marittime a gettata per l'estrazione di energia dal moto ondoso." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3924.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente elaborato di tesi mira allo sviluppo di metodologie per la stima delle prestazioni idrauliche di un innovativo dispositivo per l'estrazione dell'energia dal moto ondoso, detto DIga Marittima per la produzione di Energia dal Moto Ondoso (DIMEMO). Tale dispositivo prevede la sua realizzazione su dighe a gettata e sfrutta il fenomeno della tracimazione determinata dal moto ondoso.
L'elaborato di tesi è stato suddiviso in due parti: la prima è dedicata all'analisi dei risultati delle indagini sperimentali condotte mediante modellazione fisica; la seconda è dedicata alla individuazione e definizione di una possibile metodologia da adottare per il dimensionamento di massima del dispositivo.
Le prove mediante modellazione fisica sono state condotte sia presso il Laboratorio di Idraulica dell'Università di Aalborg (Danimarca) sia presso quello dell'Università degli Studi di Catania. I risultati delle due indagini sperimentali hanno consentito di valutare l'efficacia dei metodi di previsione delle prestazioni idrauliche presenti in letteratura e di svilupparne dei nuovi.
Nella seconda parte dell'elaborato di tesi, preliminarmente è stato condotto uno studio dell'energia del moto ondoso lungo le coste della Sicilia. Tale studio ha consentito di individuare un possibile sito in cui prevedere la realizzazione del dispositivo DIMEMO. Successivamente, per il sito selezionato, è stato sviluppato un modello analitico che ha consentito di valutare le prestazioni idrauliche di varie configurazioni del dispositivo e di scegliere quella che garantisce un minore tempo di ritorno dell'investimento.
12
Mojabi, Seyed Moin [Verfasser], Hocine [Akademischer Betreuer] Oumeraci, and Lorenzo [Akademischer Betreuer] Cappietti. "Effect of porosity and submergence of detached homogeneous rubble mound breakwaters on wave transmission and short term coastal erosion - A numerical study / Seyed Moin Mojabi ; Hocine Oumeraci, Lorenzo Cappietti." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189311690/34.
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13
Papps, David Arnold. "Oblique wave reflection from a model rubble-mound breakwater." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1820.
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This thesis investigates the characteristics of oblique wave reflection from a model rubble-mound breakwater. An experimental investigation of the reflection of obliquely incident regular, irregular and multi-directional waves, undertaken at the Hydraulics Laboratory of the National Research Council of Canada in Ottawa, is described. A method of analysis, which uses a least squares fit to measurements from three wave probes to estimate the reflection coefficient and the reflected phase lag for regular wave tests, is extended to the case of oblique wave reflection. In the regular wave tests, the wave height, wave period, and angle of incidence were varied in order to determine relationships between the reflection characteristics and parameters describing the incident wave characteristics. Results show that both the reflection coefficient and the reflected phase lag are dependent on the depth to wavelength ratio and the angle of incidence. Reflection coefficients estimated from the analysis of irregular wave tests are also presented and are compared to reflection coefficients measured in regular wave tests, showing good agreement. For multi-directional waves, directional spectra of the incident and reflected wave fields were obtained using a maximum likelihood fit to measurements from five wave probes. Directionality results are presented for one multi-directional wave test showing increased directional spreading of the reflected wave field as compared to the incident wave field.
14
Huang, Hsiu-Yun, and 黃秀雲. "Wave Energy Dissipation of the Berm-Type Rubble Mound Breakwater." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94771241596889226885.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土木及水利工程研究所
88
The rubble mound breakwater with berm-type should diminish wave reflection, dissipate wave energy, relief wave pressure and decrease the run-up and amount of water. And it is very helpful for calmness of nearshore sea and stability of dike. This paper used an experimental method to analyse the various experimental conditions. We propound the modificatory numeration on the berm-type breakwater, the reflection coefficient, the transmission coefficient and the percent of energy loss were computed. The results showed that the modified values were consonant with experimental values.
15
林群耀. "Finite Element Model for Wave-Induced Force on Rubble Mound Breakwater." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87411163564174732841.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系
91
In this study, a two-dimensional finite element model will be developed to investigate wave-induced seabed response in the vicinity of a rubble mound breakwater. Based on Biot’s consolidation theory and force balances in poro-elastic theory, together with Galerkin’s method, the basic finite element model will be establish. In the new model, the different soil characteristics of rubble mount breakwater will be included. Based on the model, the wave-induced seabed and internal of response (including soil displacement, effective stresses, pore pressure and seepage forces) will be calculates. The effects of soil characteristics, rubble mound breakwater (including material property, width, slope, and core), wave phase and wave length on the wave-seabed-breakwater interaction problem will also be examined.
16
Celli, Daniele. "The effects of submerged berms on the stability of rubble mound breakwaters." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11589/161204.
Full textAbstract:
Berms deployed at the toe of conventional rubble mound breakwaters may be useful for various purposes, i.e. to reduce wave
loads acting on the breakwater armor elements, to reduce wave overtopping, to limit momentary liquefaction occurrences under
the structure and to protect from the scouring the breakwater toe.
In the first part, the Thesis is aimed to provide a new design criterion for the armor layer of conventional breakwaters with
submerged berms marked by small thickness compared to water depth. Indeed, past research studies focused on the influence
of relatively high berms on the stability of the armor layer. The design of the berm itself was not tackled herein. The effects of
submerged berms on the incident waves transformation have been evaluated by means of a numerical model, validated by
using experimental data. Then, a parametric correction factor of the incident significant wave height at the toe of the structure
is provided and included in well-established design criteria. The experimental comparison confirmed the reliability of the
proposed method by highlighting the importance to use design criteria within their validity ranges, in order to avoid an unsafe
dimensioning of the armor elements. In the second part, the Thesis is aimed to evaluate how
submerged berms configuration influence the seabed soil response and momentary liquefaction occurrences around and
beneath breakwaters foundation, under dynamic wave loading. The effects of submerged berms on the incident waves
transformation have been evaluated by means of the aformentioned phase resolving numerical model for simulating nonhydrostatic,
free-surface, rotational flows. The soil response to wave-induced seabed pressures has been evaluated by using an
ad-hoc anisotropic poro-elastic soil solver, developed within the OpenFOAM framework. Once the evaluation of the seabed consolidation
state, due to the presence of the breakwater, has been performed, the dynamic interaction among water waves, soil
and structure has been analyzed by using a one-way coupling boundary condition. A parametric study has been carried out
by varying the berm configuration (i.e. its height and its length), keeping constant the offshore regular wave conditions, the water depth and the elastic properties of the soil. Results indicate that the presence of submerged berms tends to mitigate the
liquefaction probability if compared to straight sloped conventional breakwater without a berm. In addition, it appears that
the momentary liquefaction phenomena are more influenced by changing the berm length rather than the berm height.
In the last part, the Thesis is focused on the role of submerged berms on the random wave-induced momentary liquefaction. A
numerical study has been carried out by selecting three ad-hoc domain, among those tested under regular wave condition. Indeed,
the influence of random wave loading on the momentary liquefaction occurrences is investigated through a comparison
with the corresponding representative regular wave results. Due to the wave randomness, the random wave-induced momentary
liquefaction depths are larger than the corresponding representative regular ones. This means that the evaluation of the
momentary liquefaction occurrences, under the action of representative regular waves, could underestimate the liquefaction
depth, determining an unsafe design in the practice.
17
Lopes, Hugo Guedes. "Experimental Analysis of the Interaction between Waves and a Rubble-Mound Breakwater protected by a Detached Breakwater, using Video Imagery Techniques. The Port of Leixões Case." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/73972.
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18
Lopes, Hugo Guedes. "Experimental Analysis of the Interaction between Waves and a Rubble-Mound Breakwater protected by a Detached Breakwater, using Video Imagery Techniques. The Port of Leixões Case." Tese, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/73972.
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19
Tseng, Chien-Kuei, and 曾建貴. "Wave-Induced Pore Pressure in Rubble Mound Breakwaters." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59030392397870785120.
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20
Chen, Yen-ting, and 陳延庭. "Influence of Berm on Stability of Rubble Mound Breakwaters." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83229841305998139850.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土木及水利工程所
98
This study is to investigate the influence of berm on stability of rubble mound breakwaters. For regular waves, the effect of berm to the damage and the wave-induced pore pressure in rubble mound breakwater will be discussed. And a predicted formula of damage value is obtained. Besides that, we discuss the influence of the different core-type on the damage of berm rubble mound breakwaters and estimate the berm influence factor due to the different berm width. Under the action of irregular waves, group pressure factor related to the damage will be investigated. For regular waves, it reveals that the value of reducing breakwater damage percentage is getting larger as the wave height increased and relative crest freeboard decreased. Pore pressure within the breakwater is to maintain relatively stable. And the core-types of berm rubble mound breakwaters can effect the damage of breakwater. Under irregular wave attacks, the relative wave height, the wave-induced pore pressure, and the crest freeboard will influence the damage value. At the same significant wave height, the envelope exceedance coefficient has a significant different values of the breakwaters damage. Under regular waves and irregular waves situation, the value of breakwater damage, predicted by the berm influence factor by De Waal and Van der Meer, will be overestimated.
21
Huang, Yen-Hsun, and 黃彥勳. "Influence of Core Porosity on Stability of Rubble Mound Breakwaters." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56446631866780735029.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
水利工程與資源保育研究所
97
To discuss the influence of core porosity on stability of rubble mound breakwaters is main purpose of this study. The various porosity of the armor layer is not investigated in this research. For regular waves, the effect of both wave-induced pore pressure and crest freeboard on the damage will be discussed. Under the action of irregular waves, group pressure factor related to the damage will be investigated. For regular waves, it reveals that the breakwater damage values increase as the wave height increased and relative crest freeboard decreased. But the largest value of damage on core porosity is 37.8%, it does not appear a proportional tendency with core porosity. Under irregular wave attacks, the relative wave height, the wave-induced pore pressure, and the crest freeboard will effect on damage. At the same significant wave height and water depth, the envelope exceedance coefficient will produce different values of the breakwaters damage. Under regular waves and irregular waves situation, the predicted formula of damage value are obtained. And the predicted results are good.
22
Ribeiro, Nuno de Santa Maria Limpo de Faria Cardoso. "Evaluation of Overtopping on Rubble Mound Breakwaters using Numerical Modelling." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/119579.
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23
Chiao, Chih-Chiang, and 喬誌江. "Investigation on Wave-Induced Pore Pressure Variation in Rubble Mound Breakwaters." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/788849.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
107
The arrangement of rubble mound breakwaters is one of the cofferdam construction generally. Although the breakwaters installed in front, the wave-induced pore pressure still propagates in rubble mound breakwaters. The wave-induced pore pressure may cause breakwaters collapses in the back due to the protective cover (e.g., filter layer) damages. Thereby, the wave-induced pore pressure is the major factor of stability for rubble mound breakwaters. The purpose of this study is aimed to investigate on wave-induced pore pressure transfer process in the rubble mound breakwaters by the olaFlow solver developed from open-source software OpenFOAM. The experimental data by Garcia et al. (2004) were firstly used to verify numerical results. The results showed good accuracy of the variations of wave transformation between the numerical results and experimental data. The research results show that the propagation characteristic of the pore pressure is related to wave height. When the wave height is large, the pore pressure waveform in the rubble mound breakwaters will be similar to the impulsive wave. In this case, the pressure dissipation is lower. When the wave height is small, the pore pressure waveform in the rubble mound breakwaters will be similar to the overlapped wave. In this case, the pressure dissipation is higher. The pore pressure results are also compared with the empirical formulas presented by Oumeraci & Partenscky (1990) and Vanneste & Troch (2009), and the results show that the past empirical formula can not accurately predict the process of pore pressure decreasing in the rubble mound breakwaters when the wave height is large. Moreover, the permeable and impermeable layers in the back are taken into account to analyze the influence of pore pressure propagation. The results display that the remaining of the wave-induced pore pressure in the rubble mound breakwaters with the permeable and impermeable layers are 3% and 60%,respectively. The variations show that the wave-induced pore pressure may propagate and decay obviously with permeable layer.
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Li, Tzung-Ke, and 李宗科. "Influence of Wave-induced Pore Pressure and Pressure Grouping on Stability of Rubble Mound Breakwaters." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87873470122712605359.
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Cornett, Andrew Malcolm. "A study of wave-induced forcing and damage of rock armour on rubble-mound breakwaters." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6300.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the relationship between the wave-induced forcing and the resulting
damage of rock armour on rubble-mound breakwaters, and the manner in which these processes
are influenced by changes in wave height, wave period, core permeability and slope angle.
Experiments with physical models of various rubble-mound breakwaters have been carried
out at the National Research Council in Ottawa, and at B.C. Research in Vancouver. Some of
these featured simultaneous measurement of incident wave conditions, velocities on the surface
of the test structure, wave-induced forces acting on sections of the armour layer, and the growth
of damage to the armour. Different structures were investigated which allow for an assessment
of the effects of core permeability and slope angle on the processes leading to damage. The
influences of wave height and wave period are investigated using measurements obtained in a
range of long-crested regular waves and irregular sea states.
Results on the regular and irregular wave conditions required to initiate damage are compared
to predictions from the design equations of Hudson and of van der Meer. Different
estimates of the wave-induced forcing required to initiate damage are derived by considering
the balance of driving and resisting forces on a single armour stone at the threshold of motion
in five different failure modes. The relative stability of the armour in each failure mode is
quantified in terms of a dimensionless failure index. These expressions of relative stability are
used to compare measurements of wave-induced forcing to observations of damage in regular
waves. Initiation of damage is found to be closely linked to the peak shear stress acting on the
armour layer in the down-slope direction. Furthermore, the magnitude of the shear stresses the armour can be related to the slope-parallel velocity using the same wave friction factor
developed for oscillatory flow over rough seabeds.
Several different aspects of the wave-induced forcing of the armour layer are investigated in
detail. Analysis of the vertical distribution of the peak horizontal forces indicates that the most
dangerous forces occur below the still waterline. The temporal variations of the forcing at this
critical elevation depend strongly on the type of wave breaking that occurs on the slope. Under
plunging breakers, the strongest forces result from the sudden flow reversal that occurs under
the steep wave crest. Under surging breakers, the largest forces result from seepage flows that
occur towards the end of the downrush phase of the surface flow cycle. Collapsing breakers are
particularly damaging to the armour layer because these two forcing mechanisms tend to occur
simultaneously. Armour stones tend to be more stable on structures with greater permeability
because of a reduction in the shear stresses acting on the surface of the armour layer.
The forces generated by the individual waves in an irregular wave train are considered and
found to be highly varied. While much of this variability can be attributed to differences in the
height and period of each wave, some of it is due to additional factors including differences in the
shape of each wave and the sequencing of successive waves. An analysis of the contributions
due to these additional factors is presented which indicates that on milder slopes, the most
dangerous irregular waves will likely feature a large upcrossing wave height and a deep trough
and will likely follow a wave with a much shallower trough.
From the perspective of a coastal engineer faced with the challenge of designing a rubblemound
structure, the most important conclusion of this study is that the results and analysis
presented herein support the design equations recently proposed by van der Meer. These
equations include the effects of wave height, wave period, slope angle, permeability and storm
duration in a manner that is generally consistent with the findings of this study. This endorsement
is based on a combined assessment of the wave-induced forcing of the armour and the
damage response. However, this endorsement must be supplemented by the recommendation
that van der Meer's equations should not be applied at very low damage levels.