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Journal articles on the topic 'Rubble stone masonry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2023

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1

Ali, Qaisar, Akhtar Naeem Khan, Mohammad Ashraf, et al. "Seismic Performance of Stone Masonry Buildings Used in the Himalayan Belt." Earthquake Spectra 29, no. 4 (2013): 1159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091711eqs228m.

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Rubble-stone masonry structures are found abundantly in the Asian countries along the Himalayan range. Such structures are usually constructed in dry-stone masonry or are constructed in mud mortar, which makes them susceptible to damage and collapse in earthquakes. In order to study the seismic behavior of these structures, dynamic shake table tests on three reduced-scale rubble-stone masonry models were conducted. The models comprised a representative school building, a residential building, and a model incorporating simple cost-effective features in the form of horizontal and vertical reinfo

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2

Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro, Fernando F. S. Pinho, Ildi Cismaşiu, and Murilo Souza. "Prediction of Rubble-Stone Masonry Walls Response under Axial Compression Using 2D Particle Modelling." Buildings 12, no. 8 (2022): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081283.

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To predict the structural behaviour of ancient stone masonry walls is still a challenging task due to their strong heterogeneity. A rubble-stone masonry modeling methodology using a 2D particle model (2D-PM), based on the discrete element method is proposed given its ability to predict crack propagation by taking directly into account the material structure at the grain scale. Rubble-stone (ancient) masonry walls tested experimentally under uniaxial compression loading conditions are numerically evaluated. The stone masonry numerical models are generated from a close mapping process of the sto

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3

Zasukhin, Ilya, and Sergey Bokarev. "Determining strength of rubble masonry of bridges’ supports being in operation." MATEC Web of Conferences 216 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821601010.

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The purpose of this article is to create a methodology for determining the design strength of rubble masonry of bridge supports meeting the modern safety requirements for transport structures. The article contains data on the use of the rubble masonry in solid supports of railway bridges. Development of methodology of determining the permissible stresses on the rubble masonry, and the practice of applying the design strength of the rubble masonry in regulatory documents are considered. Analysis of the research works is carried out, according to which the design strength of the rubble masonry o

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4

Zhong, Ming Fang. "Research on Traditional Stone Buildings in West Hunan Rural Areas." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.218.

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Stone buildings have long history in west Hunan, stone is one of the most important building material that has been widely used in traditional building, village and town constructions especially in rural mountainous minority areas where rock resource is abundant. Stone is natural and compatible with the environment. Buildings built with local natural stone material in west Hunan minority areas are worth studying considering sustainable development and culture protection. Stone slab masonry in the south with grey limestone slabs and rubble masonry in the north with brown rubbles are two differe

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5

Elmenshawi, Abdelsamie, Mohamed Sorour, Aftab Mufti, Leslie G. Jaeger, and Nigel Shrive. "In-plane seismic behaviour of historic stone masonry." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 3 (2010): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-166.

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Since the advent of the latest National building code of Canada, the level of intervention required to meet seismic requirements for the rehabilitation of heritage buildings has increased significantly. An example of this type of project is the rehabilitation of the West Block on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Eight walls representative of the stone masonry in the West Block building were constructed, some with different rehabilitation schemes, and tested to investigate their in-plane seismic behaviour. The walls were double wythes of sandstone and limestone connected by a rubble core. The walls w

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6

Angiolilli, Michele, and Amedeo Gregori. "Triplet Test on Rubble Stone Masonry: Numerical Assessment of the Shear Mechanical Parameters." Buildings 10, no. 3 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10030049.

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Rubble stone masonry walls are widely diffused in most of the cultural and architectural heritage of historical cities. The mechanical response of such material is rather complicated to predict due to its composite nature. Vertical compression tests, diagonal compression tests, and shear-compression tests are usually adopted to investigate experimentally the mechanical properties of stone masonries. However, further tests are needed for the safety assessment of these ancient structures. Since the relation between normal and shear stresses plays a major role in the shear behavior of masonry joi

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7

Elmenshawi, Abdelsamie, Mohamed Sorour, Don Duchesne, et al. "On the Dynamic Behaviour of Strengthened Stone Masonry Walls." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.671.

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Unreinforced stone masonry is common in heritage structures worldwide. Unfortunately, these structures are susceptible to failure or severe damage when subject to dynamic or seismic loading. Conservation of historic structures is a challenge as the heritage and cultural values need to be preserved while the advent of new seismic codes may require major strengthening to be implemented. The new seismic codes demand high seismic strength and ductility for such structures, whereas neither the strength nor the ductility of an existing stone masonry building can be quantified easily. The Parliament

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8

Ferreira Pinto, A. P., B. Sena da Fonseca, and D. Vaz Silva. "Mechanical characterization of historical rubble stone masonry and its correlation with the masonry quality assessment." Construction and Building Materials 281 (April 2021): 122168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122168.

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9

Milosevic, Jelena, António Sousa Gago, Mário Lopes, and Rita Bento. "Experimental assessment of shear strength parameters on rubble stone masonry specimens." Construction and Building Materials 47 (October 2013): 1372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.036.

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10

Wang, Ming, Kai Liu, Hongfei Lu, et al. "In-plane cyclic tests of seismic retrofits of rubble-stone masonry walls." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 5 (2017): 1941–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0262-z.

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11

Pinho, Fernando F. S., Válter J. G. Lúcio, and Manuel F. C. Baião. "Rubble stone masonry walls in Portugal strengthened with reinforced micro-concrete layers." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 10, no. 1 (2011): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9280-4.

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12

Milosevic, Jelena, Mário Lopes, António Sousa Gago, and Rita Bento. "Testing and modeling the diagonal tension strength of rubble stone masonry panels." Engineering Structures 52 (July 2013): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.03.019.

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13

Ahmad, Naveed, Qaisar Ali, Muhammad Adil, and Akhtar Naeem Khan. "Developing Seismic Risk Prediction Functions for Structures." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4186015.

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The paper presents the development of a nonlinear static displacement-based methodology for seismic risk assessment and loss estimation of stone masonry building stock of Pakistan. Experimental investigation of one-third scaled model, tested on shake table, is performed in order to obtain lateral strength and drift limits for stone masonry and develop damage scale for performance-based assessment. Prototype buildings are designed respecting the existing building stock and investigated through nonlinear static and dynamic time history analyses. Nonlinear static mechanical models, for both globa

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14

Mendoza-Chavez, Gustavo, Luis Horacio Martínez-Mártinez, David Joaquin Delgado-Hernandez, et al. "Mechanical Properties of Rocks Used for the Construction of Vehicular Bridges Supported by Pier Masonry." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1881.

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In Mexico, since the early stages of the civilization, the stone masonry has assumed an important role in construction due to the wide availability of this kind of material. Masonry is a material composed by bricks, carved or even rubble stones jointed without (dry joint) or with mortar (mortar joints); which is principally formed with sand, water and cementitiuos materials. The research presented in this paper deals with the procedure of obtaining the mechanical properties of rocks placed on piers of four vehicular bridges located in the south of the state of Mexico, these mechanical properti

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15

Lombillo, I., C. Thomas, L. Villegas, J. P. Fernández-Álvarez, and J. Norambuena-Contreras. "Mechanical characterization of rubble stone masonry walls using non and minor destructive tests." Construction and Building Materials 43 (June 2013): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.007.

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16

Rezaie, Amir, Michele Godio, and Katrin Beyer. "Experimental investigation of strength, stiffness and drift capacity of rubble stone masonry walls." Construction and Building Materials 251 (August 2020): 118972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118972.

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17

Tran, V. H., E. Vincens, J. C. Morel, F. Dedecker, and H. H. Le. "2D-DEM modelling of the formwork removal of a rubble stone masonry bridge." Engineering Structures 75 (September 2014): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.05.048.

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18

Bourahla, Nouredine, Zakaria Assameur, Mohamed Abed, and Ahmed Mébarki. "Modal identification and dynamic analysis of a 1000 years old historic minaret of Kalaa Beni-Hammad." ENP Engineering Science Journal 1, no. 2 (2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53907/enpesj.v1i2.56.

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From structural and material point of view each historic monument is a textbook case, as it differs in shape, age, material characteristics and level of preservation. New means and approaches are used for geometric and shape survey, material and modal characterization, which helps restitute detailed information regarding the structural elements of the edifices. This paper investigates a 1000 years old historic minaret having a square base of 6.50 m of side and 24.70 m height. An ambient vibration survey has been carried out and the results were used to update a Finite Element (FE) model of the

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19

Ahmad, N., Q. Ali, M. Ashraf, B. Alam, and A. Naeem. "Seismic vulnerability of the Himalayan half-dressed rubble stone masonry structures, experimental and analytical studies." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 11 (2012): 3441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-3441-2012.

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Abstract. Half-Dressed rubble stone (DS) masonry structures as found in the Himalayan region are investigated using experimental and analytical studies. The experimental study included a shake table test on a one-third scaled structural model, a representative of DS masonry structure employed for public critical facilities, e.g. school buildings, offices, health care units, etc. The aim of the experimental study was to understand the damage mechanism of the model, develop damage scale towards deformation-based assessment and retrieve the lateral force-deformation response of the model besides

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20

Caggegi, Carmelo, Aron Gabor, Pietro Meriggi, and Gianmarco de Felice. "Experimental Response of Rubble Stone Masonry Walls Retrofitted with Basalt Textile Reinforced Mortar under Compressive-and-Shear Load." Key Engineering Materials 916 (April 7, 2022): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-svlf1t.

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Seismic events recently occurred in Europe highlighted the vulnerability of unreinforced masonry structures, representing the majority of the built heritage, to earthquake-induced loads. In particular, the in-plane capacity of shear walls under seismic loadings appeared sensibly modest, both in terms of strength and ultimate displacement, and their failure mode sudden and brittle. Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) composites proved to be a proper strengthening solution for the seismic upgrade of such walls. With the aim of gaining a deeper knowledge on the behavior of historical walls retrofitte

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21

Rezaie, Amir, Michele Godio, Radhakrishna Achanta, and Katrin Beyer. "Machine-learning for damage assessment of rubble stone masonry piers based on crack patterns." Automation in Construction 140 (August 2022): 104313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104313.

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22

Lombillo, I., L. Villegas, and J. Elices. "Minor destructive techniques applied to the mechanical characterization of historical rubble stone masonry structures." Structural Survey 28, no. 1 (2010): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02630801011040860.

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23

Azevedo, Nuno Monteiro, and José V. Lemos. "A Hybrid Particle/Finite Element Model with Surface Roughness for Stone Masonry Analysis." Applied Mechanics 3, no. 2 (2022): 608–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech3020036.

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Circular and spherical particle models are a class of discrete elements (DEM) that have been increasingly applied to fracture studies of quasi-brittle materials, such as rock and concrete, due to their proven ability to simulate fracture processes through random particle assemblies representing quasi-brittle materials at the grain scale. More recently, DEM models have been applied to old stone masonry fracture studies. In order to extend its applicability to structures of larger dimensions, an enhanced hybrid particle model is proposed here that allows finite elements with a given surface roug

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24

Sena da Fonseca, B., A. P. Ferreira Pinto, and D. Vaz Silva. "Provenance and characterization of stones used in the rubble stone masonry of the National Palace of Sintra (Portugal)." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 27 (October 2019): 101984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.101984.

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25

Ponte, Madalena, Jelena Milosevic, and Rita Bento. "Parametrical study of rubble stone masonry panels through numerical modelling of the in-plane behaviour." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17, no. 3 (2018): 1553–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0511-9.

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26

Milosevic, Jelena, Mário Lopes, António Sousa Gago, and Rita Bento. "In-plane seismic response of rubble stone masonry specimens by means of static cyclic tests." Construction and Building Materials 82 (May 2015): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.02.018.

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27

Amer, Osama, Danila Aita, Ezzeldin K. Mohamed, Akram Torky, and Ashraf Shawky. "Experimental Investigations and Microstructural Characterization of Construction Materials of Historic Multi-Leaf Stone-Masonry Walls." Heritage 4, no. 3 (2021): 2390–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030135.

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In order to correctly define the pathology of multiple-leaf stonemasonry walls and determine the appropriate interventions for its conservation and preservation, comprehensive studies on its building materials should be carried out since the overall behaviour of masonry structures is highly dependent on the characterization of its construction materials. Consequently, an interdisciplinary procedure for construction material characterization used in multiple-leaf stone-masonry walls in Egypt has been implemented to enrich documentation, conservation and restoration issues of this type of wall.

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28

Kaplan, H., H. Bilgin, S. Yilmaz, H. Binici, and A. Öztas. "Structural damages of L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 3 (2010): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-499-2010.

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Abstract. On 6 April 2009 an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 occurred in L'Aquila city, Italy. In the city center and surrounding villages many masonry and reinforced concrete (RC) buildings were heavily damaged or collapsed. After the earthquake, the inspection carried out in the region provided relevant results concerning the quality of the materials, method of construction and the performance of the structures. The region was initially inhabited in the 13th century and has many historic structures. The main structural materials are unreinforced masonry (URM) composed of rubble stone, brick, and

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29

Cismaşiu, Ildi, Nuno Monteiro Azevedo, and Fernando F. S. Pinho. "Numerical Evaluation of Transverse Steel Connector Strengthening Effect on the Behavior of Rubble Stone Masonry Walls under Compression Using a Particle Model." Buildings 13, no. 4 (2023): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040987.

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The structural rehabilitation of historic/traditional rubble masonry wall constructions requires consolidation and retrofitting solutions to be employed in order to withstand dynamic loads, high vertical loads, and differential settlements. One of these strengthening techniques is based on the use of steel bar connectors perpendicular to the wall, considered individually or integrated into more complex strengthening techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate numerically the strengthening effect of transverse steel connectors on rubble masonry walls. With this purpose, a 2D particle-reinf

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30

Pinho, Fernando F. S., Válter J. G. Lúcio, and Manuel F. C. Baião. "Rubble Stone Masonry Walls Strengthened by Three-Dimensional Steel Ties and Textile Reinforced Mortar Render, Under Compression." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 8, no. 5 (2014): 670–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2012.727062.

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31

Pinho, Fernando F. S., Válter J. G. Lúcio, and Manuel F. C. Baião. "Experimental analysis of rubble stone masonry walls strengthened by transverse confinement under compression and compression-shear loadings." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 12, no. 1 (2017): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2017.1377314.

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32

Sharma, Satyadhrik, Alessandro Marasca, Madalena Ponte, and Rita Bento. "Modelling the in-plane cyclic behaviour of typical Portuguese rubble stone masonry using the applied element method." Structures 46 (December 2022): 1224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2022.10.107.

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33

Sangirardi, Marialuigia, Vittorio Altomare, Stefano De Santis, and Gianmarco de Felice. "Detecting Damage Evolution of Masonry Structures through Computer-Vision-Based Monitoring Methods." Buildings 12, no. 6 (2022): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060831.

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Detecting the onset of structural damage and its progressive evolution is crucial for the assessment and maintenance of the built environment. This paper describes the application of a computer-vision-based methodology for structural health monitoring to a shake table investigation. Three rubble stone masonry walls, one unreinforced and two reinforced, were tested under natural earthquake base inputs, progressively scaled up to collapse. White noise signals were also applied for dynamic identification purposes. Throughout the experiments, videos were recorded, under both white noise excitation

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34

Betti, Michele, and Luciano Galano. "Shear strength of rubble stone-and-brick masonry panels. A new proposal for the interpretation of Sheppard test results." Construction and Building Materials 279 (April 2021): 121925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121925.

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35

Riazanova, Nataliia, and Oleh Rybchynskyi. "MASONRY OBJECTS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE MADE FROM THE NATURAL STONE OF THE LEFT BANK OF TRANSNISTRIA: CONDITION AND PROBLEMS OF RESTORATION." Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 16, no. 2022 (2022): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2022.16.110.

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The article considers historical industrial, sacred and residential buildings and structures made of natural stone, located on the left bank of the Dniester within the Eastern Podillya. The paper fixates the technical condition, characterizes the features of the architectural appearance and design solutions of the masonry of the preserved objects. Among the objects of industrial architecture are considered wineries (Kamyanka, Vladimirovka, Yantarne), breweries (Kamyanka), cheese production (Kamyanka) and sugar (Rybnitsa) factories, mills (flour mill - in Popenki, water - in Bilochy, in Stroint

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36

Pinho, Fernando F. S., Válter J. G. Lúcio, and Manuel F. C. Baião. "Rubble Stone Masonry Walls Strengthened by Three-Dimensional Steel Ties and Textile-Reinforced Mortar Render, Under Compression and Shear Loads." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 9, no. 7 (2014): 844–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2013.878413.

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37

Hill, Stephen. "Matronianus, Comes Isauriae: an Inscription from an Early Byzantine Basilica at Yanıkhan, Rough Cilicia." Anatolian Studies 35 (December 1985): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642874.

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The ruins at Yanıkhan form the remains of a Late Roman village in the interior of Rough Cilicia some 8 kilometres inland from the village of Limonlu on the road to Canbazlı (see Fig. 1). The site has not been frequently visited by scholars, and the first certain reference to its existence was made by the late Professor Michael Gough after his visit on 2 September 1959. Yanıkhan is now occupied only by the Yürüks who for years have wintered on the southern slopes of Sandal Dağ. The ancient settlement at Yanıkhan consisted of a village covering several acres. The remains are still extensive, and

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38

Kazaryan, Armen Yu. "Features of the construction tecniques of Ani masters. Walls and point supports." Vestnik MGSU, no. 12 (December 2022): 1627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2022.12.1627-1637.

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Introduction. The construction technique of the master-builders is a little-studied aspect of the architectural heritage of the medieval Armenian capital of Ani (961–945). The author of the article proposes to answer a number of questions related to changes in masonry of the walls, pylons and pillars and the device of the columns, with the advent of new forms of socles on the monuments of the metropolitan school of architecture in the Bagratid era.  Materials and methods. The information from publications and from own observations allows for the testing between changes in building

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39

Ferreira Pinto, A. P., B. Sena da Fonseca, and D. Vaz Silva. "The role of aggregate and binder content in the physical and mechanical properties of mortars from historical rubble stone masonry walls of the National Palace of Sintra." Construction and Building Materials 268 (January 2021): 121080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121080.

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40

Patil, Rajendra K. "Pre-Cast Coursed Rubble Blocks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.437.

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The experiment undertaken at the Ramakrishna Mission’s educational campus at Coimbatore, India, targeted developing pre-cast elements for masonry walls that will: reduce construction time; give stony outer appearance to walls; and use environmentally friendly methods, raw materials, and currently available technology. This paper describes methods and equipment for manufacture of pre-cast elements from coursed rubble stones and concrete, called here the Pre-Cast Coursed Rubble (PCCR) blocks, developed during the experiment. It will be clear that use of these blocks in walls speeds construction,

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41

Gattesco, Natalino, and Ingrid Boem. "Seismic Enhancement of Masonry Buildings Strengthened through GFRP Reinforced Mortar Coating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 796 (October 2015): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.796.53.

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The reduction of seismic vulnerability of existing masonry buildings through the application on the walls of a mortar coating reinforced with a GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) mesh is studied and discussed. Numerous experimental tests, carried out by the authors, demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique for enhancing the mechanical response of the walls, both subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane actions. In the study, the capacity curves of an existing unreinforced masonry building are compared with those of the same building strengthened with the GFRP reinforced mortar coating

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42

Isfeld, Andrea, and Nigel Shrive. "Prince of Wales Fort: Structural Wall Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.391.

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The Prince of Wales Fort, in Churchill Manitoba, was constructed in the early 18th century by the Hudson Bay Trading Company (HBC) in an effort to secure the fur trade in northern Canada. The fort is a Vauban style rubble masonry construction, and is the most northerly fortification of this kind. In the 1920’s the fort received recognition as a National Historic Site by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada, at which time monitoring and repairs began under the leadership of Parks Canada. As a result of the fort’s northern latitude it has been subjected to extreme temperatures and fr

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43

Marković, Predrag. "Anđeo štitonoša s grbom obitelji de Judicibus – još jedan nepoznati suradnik Bonina Jakovljeva iz Milana." Ars Adriatica, no. 4 (January 1, 2014): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.495.

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Bonino di Jacopo da Milano occupies a significant place in Dalmatian sculpture of the first half of the fifteenth century. In a relatively short period of time during which he was active – less than twenty years – this master managed to create numerous carvings and sculptures in almost every major Dalmatian town. Despite the fact that in the last ten years or so, a number of new and rather important works have been attributed to Bonino, while the works of a lesser quality have been identified as being produced by his collaborators, the assessment of this Lombard sculptor as an artist has remai

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44

Ponte, M., A. Penna, and R. Bento. "In-plane cyclic tests of strengthened rubble stone masonry." Materials and Structures 56, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02126-8.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the in-plane behaviour of rubble stone masonry with lime mortar strengthened with different solutions. For that, 12 rubble stone masonry wall specimens, with construction features typical of ancient historic buildings of Southern Portugal and Mediterranean countries, were subjected to in-plane quasi-static cyclic tests. The applied retrofit solutions are specific for historic masonry buildings, such as the injection of mortar and FRCM systems, with glass and carbon meshes. The main experimental results obtained are presented through envelope curves, in terms of re

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45

Autiero, Francesca, Giuseppina De Martino, Marco Di Ludovico, and Andrea Prota. "Structural Assessment of Ancient Masonry Structures: An Experimental Investigation on Rubble Stone Masonry." International Journal of Architectural Heritage, November 9, 2021, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2021.1977418.

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46

Schildkamp, Martijn, Stefano Silvestri, and Yoshikazu Araki. "Rubble Stone Masonry Buildings with Cement Mortar: Base Shear Seismic Demand Comparison for Selected Countries Worldwide." Frontiers in Built Environment 7 (March 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2021.647815.

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Full base shear seismic demand analyses with calculated examples for heavy stone masonry buildings are not present in the literature. To address this shortcoming, analyses and calculations are performed on nominally reinforced rubble stone masonry house and school designs, as typically built in Nepal. The seismic codes are literally applied for countries where the technique is still allowed (Nepal, India, China, Tajikistan, Iran, Croatia), or should be reintroduced based on current practices (Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey). First, this paper compares the base shear formulas and the inertia for

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Schildkamp, Martijn, Stefano Silvestri, and Yoshikazu Araki. "Rubble Stone Masonry Buildings With Cement Mortar: Design Specifications in Seismic and Masonry Codes Worldwide." Frontiers in Built Environment 6 (October 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2020.590520.

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Ponte, Madalena, Andrea Penna, and Rita Bento. "Experimental Assessment of Improved Seismic Capacity of Strengthened Rubble Stone Masonry." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4072308.

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Cominelli, Stefania, Ezio Giuriani, and Alessandra Marini. "Mechanisms governing the compressive strength of unconfined and confined rubble stone masonry." Materials and Structures 50, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0905-6.

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Pereira, João M., António A. Correia, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "In-plane behaviour of rubble stone masonry walls: Experimental, numerical and analytical approach." Construction and Building Materials, November 2020, 121548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121548.

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