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1
Бабич, О. О., А. Х. Бахтиярова, О. В. Кроль, С. А. Сухих, С. А. Иванова, О. В. Кригер, and Т. В. Вобликова. "In vitro study of the properties of berry extracts of Rubus idaeus L. (family Rosoideae)." Food processing industry, no. 8 (August 2, 2024): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2024.8.8.020.
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Rubus idaeus L. распространена почти повсеместно, хорошо растет в садах и огородах. Целью данной работы было изучение in vitro свойств экстрактов ягод Rubus idaeus L. (семейство Rosoideae), выращенной в Республике Карелия, Ленинградской и Калининградской областях. Новизна исследований заключается в том, что впервые сравнивали содержание биологически активных веществ, антиоксидантную и антимикробную активность экстрактах ягод Rubus idaeus L. из трех регионов Северо-Западного Федерального Округа России с похожими климатическими условиями, но различным расположением областей в округе. Установлено, что ни один экстракт ягод Rubus idaeus L. не проявлял антимикробных свойств, хотя в других исследованиях антимикробная активность экстрактов ягод Rubus idaeus L. присутствует. Наибольшую антиоксидантную активность проявили экстракты ягод Rubus idaeus L., выращенной в Калининградской области, вероятно, из-за влияния агроклиматических условий и условий экстракции, когда в экстракт перешло наибольшее количество производных эллаговой кислоты и самой эллаговой кислоты. Так экстракты ягод Rubus idaeus L., выращенные в Ленинградской области проявляют антиоксидантную активность 107,53 мкмоль экв. тролокса/г, экстракты ягод Rubus idaeus L., выращенной в Республике Карелия – 124,18 мкмоль экв. тролокса/г и экстракты ягод Rubus idaeus L., выращенной в Калининградской области – 336,13 мкмоль экв. тролокса/г. Экстракты ягод Rubus idaeus L., рекомендуется использовать для производства биологически активных добавок к пище. В связи с этим представляет интерес изучение их токсикологических показателей безопасности, которая оказалась в норме для всех исследуемых экстрактов. Установлено, что экстракты ягод Rubus idaeus L., являются продуктом, который можно оптимально использовать в пищевой, косметической и фармакологической промышленности как для улучшения способности к сохранению и стабильности, так и для улучшения функциональных свойств потенциальных производных. Rubus idaeus L. is widespread almost everywhere, grows well in gardens and vegetable gardens. The purpose of this work was to study in vitro the properties of extracts of Rubus idaeus L. berries (family Rosoideae) grown in the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the content of biologically active substances, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts of Rubus idaeus L. berries from three regions of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia with similar climatic conditions, but different locations of regions in the district were compared. It has been established that no extract of Rubus idaeus L. berries. it did not exhibit antimicrobial properties, although in other studies the antimicrobial activity of extracts of Rubus idaeus L. berries is present. Extracts of Rubus idaeus L. berries grown in the Kaliningrad region showed the greatest antioxidant activity, probably due to the influence of agro-climatic conditions and extraction conditions, when the largest number of derivatives of ellagic acid and ellagic acid itself were transferred to the extract. Thus, extracts of Rubus idaeus L. berries grown in the Leningrad region exhibit antioxidant activity of 107,53 mmol eq. trolox/g, extracts of Rubus idaeus L. berries grown in the Republic of Karelia – 124,18 mmol eq. trolox/g and extracts of Rubus idaeus L. berries grown in the Kaliningrad region – 336,13 mmol eq. trolox/g. Extracts of Rubus idaeus L. berries are recommended for the production of biologically active food additives. In this regard, it is of interest to study their toxicological safety indicators, which turned out to be normal for all the studied extracts. It has been established that extracts of Rubus idaeus L. berries are a product that can be optimally used in the food, cosmetic and pharmacological industries both to improve the ability to preserve and stability, and to improve the functional properties of potential derivatives.
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Shah, Hafiz Muhammad Shoaib, Zora Singh, Mahmood Ul Hasan, Eben Afrifa-Yamoah, and Andrew Woodward. "Copolyamide-Based Modified Atmosphere Packaging Attenuates Phenolic Degradation and Maintains Postharvest Quality of Rubus Berries." Horticulturae 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2025): 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11010047.
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The highly perishable nature of Rubus berries, particularly their susceptibility to water loss and earlier senescence, significantly limits their shelf life. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic role of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the physiochemical quality, phenolic metabolism, and antioxidant potential of blackberries and raspberries during cold storage (2 ± 1 °C) for 12 and 10 days, respectively. Modified atmosphere (MA)-packed Rubus berries exhibited higher total phenolics accompanied by higher activities of shikimate dehydrogenase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Furthermore, MA-packed Rubus berries demonstrated lower hydrogen peroxide by maintaining higher catalase activity and delayed lipid peroxidation during the entire period of cold storage. Relatively higher levels of glutathione and ascorbic acid as well as the activities of enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in MA-packed Rubus berries were also observed. Conversely, MAP reduced the respiration rate and weight loss while maintaining higher postharvest quality attributes in raspberries and blackberries than control fruit. In conclusion, MAP is an effective method for extending the cold storage life and maintaining the quality of Rubus berries.
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Schulz, Mayara, and Josiane Freitas Chim. "Nutritional and bioactive value of Rubus berries." Food Bioscience 31 (October 2019): 100438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100438.
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Hummer, Kim E., Chad E. Finn, and Michael Dossett. "Luther Burbank’s Best Berries." HortScience 50, no. 2 (February 2015): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.2.205.
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Luther Burbank, the quintessential nurseryman of the early 20th century, remarked that small fruit was the “Cinderella of the pomological family.” He stated that although tree fruits had been improved to the point of an almost uncountable number of cultivars, it was the time and responsibility of his generation and those to follow to develop the small fruit for human consumption. Burbank had a penchant for detecting potential qualities of unusual plants and his broad association with plant explorers at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and elsewhere allowed him to examine diverse wild berry species. He obtained seeds of many small fruit species from throughout the world. He made wide crosses within and between these genera and species. Burbank selected and named many cultivars to be introduced through his nursery and elsewhere. He named and released ≈40 blackberries, raspberries (Rubus L.), and strawberries (Fragaria L.); four grapes (Vitis L.); and a hybrid Solanum that he named ‘Sunberry’. He sometimes exaggerated their descriptions for promotion or public recognition. For example, Rubus ×loganobaccus ‘Phenomenal’ was, he stated, “far superior in size, quality, color, and productivity…” to ‘Loganberry’. Unfortunately, this cultivar was not a commercial success. Burbank made a few crosses and sold what he considered to be improved species, e.g., ‘Himalaya Giant’ blackberry (R. armeniacus). He created new common names for foreign species, e.g., balloon berry (R. illecebrosus) and Mayberry (R. palmatus), to better market them. However, his amazingly keen observations of thornlessness, pigment diversity, and recognition of repeat flowering and fruiting in blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries, were insightful of the needs of future industry. Burbank was a disciple of Darwin and his theory of natural selection. Burbank’s classic breeding approach, to make wide crosses, produce large numbers of hybrid seedlings, choose significant seedlings with his traits of choice, and backcross to the desired parent for several generations, was successful, although he did not know of ploidy or gene recombination. Unfortunately, the ‘Himalaya blackberry’, now ubiquitous in hedgerows and fields throughout the Pacific Northwest in the United States, is designated as a federal noxious weed. Although not presently in commercial production, three of his Rubus cultivars (‘Burbank Thornless’, ‘Snowbank’, and ‘Phenomenal’) are preserved in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, in Corvallis, OR.
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Probst, Yasmine. "A review of the nutrient composition of selected Rubus berries." Nutrition & Food Science 45, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-07-2014-0063.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is a nutritional review of the scientific literature of four Rubus varieties: raspberry, blackberry, boysenberry and loganberry. The study aimed to review the scientific literature related to Rubus and the bioactives and key nutrients. Design/methodology/approach – Nutrient data were obtained from Australia and New Zealand, where Australian data were absent; to provide an overview of the existing and available nutrient composition data, a review of the scientific literature using defined search terms in the Web of Science and Scopus databases for the years 2001-2011 was conducted. The primary components of Rubus are the water-soluble vitamins. Findings – A review of Australian and New Zealand nutrient composition databases revealed that Rubus can range from 184 to 293 kJ energy, 0.3 to 0.7 per cent total fat content, 1.1 to 1.5 per cent protein, 4.9 to 7.5 per cent carbohydrate and 34 to 63 mg/100 g folate and 9 to 38 mg/100 g vitamin C. Many publications have addressed the nutrient content of the berries individually with 24 identified in this project relating to raspberries, 15 for blackberries, 3 for boysenberries and 2 for loganberries. Research limitations/implications – Research relating to bioactive compounds in Rubus berries appears to be targeted towards those more commonly consumed and readily available in Australia. Practical implications – The most commonly identified bioactives were the phenolic compounds with ellagic acid, the specific bionutrient of interest. This suggests the need for a targeted approach to build a consistent set of values for bioactive compounds in Rubus berries. Originality/value – Given the growing interest in phytochemical compounds and their inclusion in Australian Dietary Guidelines, collation of analytical data for specific food categories is vital.
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Hoke, Omer, Benjamin Campbell, Mark Brand, and Thao Hau. "Impact of Information on Northeastern U.S. Consumer Willingness to Pay for Aronia Berries." HortScience 52, no. 3 (March 2017): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11376-16.
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Consumption of berries has increased significantly over the past couple of years. As such, producers and retailers are experimenting with new berry varieties to capture market share and increase their profitability. We examine consumer preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for a relatively new-to-market berry (aronia: Aronia mitschurinii Skvortsov et Maitulina) compared with another relatively new berry (black currant: Ribes nigrum L.) as well as more traditional (raspberry: Rubus idaeus L., blueberry: Vaccinium corymbosum L., and blackberry: Rubus fruticosus L.) berries. Given that aronia berries have an astringent/bitter flavor while having high antioxidant levels we investigate how taste and health information impact preference and WTP. Furthermore, we add to the literature by investigating the differences in WTP for locally and nonlocally (regional, the United States, and outside the United States) labeled berries across varying retail outlets (i.e., farmer’s markets, farm stands, grocery store). We find that new berries (aronia and black currant) are heavily discounted compared with more traditional berries. Potentially negative taste information (i.e., astringent/bitter flavor) has a negative impact on WTP, whereas positive health information has a positive impact on WTP. The positive effect of health information tends to offset the impact of the negative taste information. With respect to local labeling and retail outlet, locally labeled berries at a farmer’s market and farm stand have WTP values similar to locally labeled berries at a grocery store. On the other hand, nonlocally labeled berries sold at a grocery store were discounted compared with locally labeled berries at a grocery store.
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Kowalenko, C. G. "Growing season changes in the concentration and distribution of macroelements in Willamette red raspberry plant parts." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-151.
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Nitrogen, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na concentrations and accumulations in Willamette red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plant parts were measured in a field study to identify a potential plant-analysis-based method for evaluating site-specific fertilizer requirements. Dry matter and macroelements accumulated steadily in new canes over the season, increased early to a stable amount in floricane laterals and ripe berries, increased and then decreased in leaves and remained stable in stems. Macroelement accumulation patterns were generally similar to dry matter accumulations. The amounts of N and K that accumulated in ripe berries were similar and about eight times greater than P, Ca and Mg. Macroelement concentrations of floricane stems, laterals and berries were more stable than in leaves, making them potentially more suitable than leaves for developing tissue analysis for fertilizer recommendations. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, Rubus idaeus
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Yezhov, V. M., and I. V. Grynyk. "Biochemical aspects of the breeding of the berries of genus Rubus L. and Ribes L." Horticulture: Interdepartment Subject Scientific Collection, no. 75 (2020): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35205/0558-1125-2020-75-18-31.
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The autors have studied the present day level of the biochemical investigates of the genus Rubus L.and Ribes L. fruits – raspberry, blackberry, black and red currant and goosberry. The indicators of the berries biochemical composition accepted in the inland practice from the viewpoint of their dietary, medicinal and profilactic qualities evaluation have appeared less informative and require futher essential research. The expansion of the analytical methods range hase been proposed on the basis of the analysis of the data base concerning the content and individual composition of the biologically active substances in the berries of enumerated five small fruit crops in order to be applied in the process of breeding expljrations. Thus it is unsaturated fatty acids that dominate in the raspberries seeds and up to 90 % of them are linoleic and linolenic acids.Contrary to them, the blackberries are more rich in tocopherols and sterols. The largest information characterizing the species specificity of the genus studied is data on the phenolic substances content and composition. In particular, the individual composition of anthocyanins in the berries of the researched crops is a clear strain of them. There are also certain differences as for the other phenolic compounds. For instance, 90% of phenolic acids in the raspberries are concentrated in free form, while the blackberries there are only 3% and the rest are glicosides and esters. A clear difference concerning flavonols content and composition can be traced among the goosberry cultivars, depending of the berries color. The characteristic sign of the currants berries is presence in them such components as floridzhyne and elagic acid. It is also important to characterize the volatile compounds in the investigated crops berries, such as aldehydes and terpenoides raspberry and furan derivates in blackberries.Based on the analysis of the database on the content and individual composition of biologically active substances of five types of berry crops, it is proposed to extend the analytical methods used during breeding operations, to determine the composition and amount of fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, sterols, volatile compounds during breeds, as well as phenolic substances, in the sum and content and composition of anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acid, procyanidines, halkons, ellagic acid and elagotannins.
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Häkkinen, Sari, Harri Kokko, Sirpa Kärenlampi, and Sirpa Paasisalo. "Sugars and organic acids in clones and cultivars of arctic bramble and hybrid. Sensory evaluation of juices and jellies." Agricultural and Food Science 4, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72616.
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Arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) and its hybrid (Rubus arcticus L. nothosubsp. stellarcticus G. Larsson) are both cultivated in Finland. Sugars and major organic acids were analysed in several arctic bramble clones and cultivars (n = 19) and arctic bramble hybrids (n = 5) by gas chromatography. The main sugar in the berries was sucrose, and the main organic acid was citric acid. The average total contents of sugars in the berries of arctic brambles and arctic bramble hybrids were 5.0 g (CV = 0.1) and 4.7 g (CV = 0.2) per 100 g of fresh weight, respectively. The average total contents of organic acids in the berries of arctic brambles and arctic bramble hybrids were 0.6 g (CV = 0.3) and 1.5 g (CV = 0.5) per 100 g of fresh weight, respectively. Changes in these compounds during the harvesting period were also studied in mixed samples. Moreover, the sensory properties of juices and jellies prepared from several arctic bramble clones were evaluated by quantitative sensory profiling. The sugar/acid ratio obtained from the chemical analyses of the berries was compared with the sensed sweetness and sourness of juices and jellies.
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Makarov, Sergey, Mikhail Upadyshev, Natalia Sungurova, Olga Tyukavina, Elena Kulikova, and Irina Kuznetsova. "Clonal Micropropagation of Wild Berry Plants of the Genus Rubus." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 54, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2024-1-2488.
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Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) and arctic raspberry (Rubus arcticus L.) are highly nutritional and medicinal but lowyield berries, with some populations being on the verge of extinction. Micropropagation biotechnologies are cost-effective and may provide healthy and plentiful planting material for these valuable berries. Clonal micropropagation of cloudberry and arctic raspberry requires new methods adapted for Russian varieties. This research featured the effect of sterilizing agents on the survival rate of explants of R. chamaemorus and R. arcticus, as well as the effect of growth regulators in the nutrient medium on their organogenesis in vitro.
Berries obtained from regenerant plants of R. chamaemorus (Arkhangelsk and Vologda varieties) and R. arcticus (Sofia and Galina varieties) underwent a biochemical analysis. Further research involved the effect of sterilizing agents and exposure time on the viability of explants, as well as the effect of the nutrient medium composition and the concentration of growth regulators on the development of microshoots and roots in vitro.
In case of lateral buds, the highest survival rate of both types of explants (80–96%) belonged to the samples sterilized with 0.2% silver nitrate and 5% Lysoformin 3000 for 15 min. In case of etiolated shoots (79–100%), it was the samples treated with 0.2% silver nitrate, 0.01% Nika 2, and 5% Lysoformin 3000 for 10 min. The maximal total length of microshoots in R. chamaemorus (19.4–22.7 cm) was registered at 0.1 mg/L Cytodef in the Murashige and Skoog medium. The maximal total length of roots (46.0–56.6 cm) was obtained when the medium contained 0.5 mL/L indolylacetic acid. As for R. arcticus, the maximal total lengths of microshoots (22.4–22.8 cm) and roots (86.6–89.3 cm) occurred at the same concentrations of growth regulators on 1/2 Murashige and Skoog medium.
In this research, Cytodef and indolylacetic acid applied in the process of clonal micropropagation of R. chamaemorus and R. arcticus made it possible to increase the yield of high-quality planting material for commercial plantations.
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Martins, Mariana S., Ana C. Gonçalves, Gilberto Alves, and Luís R. Silva. "Blackberries and Mulberries: Berries with Significant Health-Promoting Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (July 27, 2023): 12024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512024.
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Blackberries and mulberries are small and perishable fruits that provide significant health benefits when consumed. In reality, both are rich in phytochemicals, such as phenolics and volatile compounds, and micronutrients, such as vitamins. All the compounds are well-known thanks to their medicinal and pharmacological properties, namely antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiviral, and cardiovascular properties. Nevertheless, variables such as genotype, production conditions, fruit ripening stage, harvesting time, post-harvest storage, and climate conditions influence their nutritional composition and economic value. Given these facts, the current review focuses on the nutritional and chemical composition, as well as the health benefits, of two blackberry species (Rubus fruticosus L., and Rubus ulmifolius Schott) and one mulberry species (Morus nigra L.).
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Subbiah, Vigasini, Biming Zhong, Malik A. Nawaz, Colin J. Barrow, Frank R. Dunshea, and Hafiz A. R. Suleria. "Screening of Phenolic Compounds in Australian Grown Berries by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Determination of Their Antioxidant Potential." Antioxidants 10, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010026.
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Berries are grown worldwide with the most consumed berries being blackberries (Rubus spp.), blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum), red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) and strawberries (Fragaria spp.). Berries are either consumed fresh, frozen, or processed into wines, juices, and jams. In recent times, researchers have focused their attention on berries due to their abundance in phenolic compounds. The current study aimed to evaluate the phenolic content and their antioxidant potential followed by characterization and quantification using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA. Blueberries were highest in TPC (2.93 ± 0.07 mg GAE/gf.w.) and TFC (70.31 ± 1.21 µg QE/gf.w.), whereas the blackberries had the highest content in TTC (11.32 ± 0.13 mg CE/gf.w.). Blueberries had the highest radical scavenging capacities for the DPPH (1.69 ± 0.09 mg AAE/gf.w.), FRAP (367.43 ± 3.09 µg AAE/gf.w.), TAC (1.47 ± 0.20 mg AAE/gf.w.) and ABTS was highest in strawberries (3.67 ± 0.14 mg AAE/gf.w.). LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS study identified a total of 65 compounds including 42 compounds in strawberries, 30 compounds in raspberries, 28 compounds in blueberries and 21 compounds in blackberries. The HPLC-PDA quantification observed phenolic acid (p-hydroxybenzoic) and flavonoid (quercetin-3-rhamnoside) higher in blueberries compared to other berries. Our study showed the presence of phenolic acids and provides information to be utilized as an ingredient in food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
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Ponomareva, Larisa Gennadievna, and Roman Valentinovich Gaidamashko. "THE NAMES OF BERRIES IN THE KOMI-PERMYAK LANGUAGE OF THE LATE 18th CENTURY (ON THE MANUSCRIPTS OF ANTONY POPOV)." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 228–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2021-15-2-228-249.
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The article deals with fifteen Komi-Permyak names of berries noted at the end of the 18th century: ди́каꙗ ка́лина [díkaya kálina] ‘elderberry (Sambucus racemosa L.)’, е́жевика [ézhevika] ‘European dewberry (Rubus caesius L.) (?)’, же́лнегъ [zhélneg] ‘rose hip (Rosa L.)’, жи́молость [zhímolost'] ‘honeysuckle (Lonicera L.)’, жо́ [zhó] ‘viburnum (Viburnum L.)’, л ѣ ́ мъ [lém] ‘bird cherry (Prunus padus L.)’, мы́рпонъ [mýrpon] ‘cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.)’, на́мыръ [námyr] ‘stone bramble (Rubus saxatilis L.)’, о́зъ [óz] ‘strawberry (Fragaria L.)’, пу́лъ [púl] ‘cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.)’, ря́бина [ryábina] ‘rowan (Sorbus L.)’, сэ́тэръ [séhtehr] ‘currant (Ribes L.)’, с ѣ ́ ́ла о̀зъ [séla òz] ‘creamy strawberry (Fragaria viridis (Duch.) Weston)’, ту́ри моль [túri mol'] ‘cranberry (Vaccinium subgen. Oxycoccus (Hill) A. Gray)’, э́мидзь [éhmidz'] ‘raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)’. The research is based on the material of two handwritten Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionaries (alphabetical and thematic) of 1785 authored by the archpriest of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in Perm Antony Popov (1748-1788). The purpose of this study is to establish the history, etymology and ethnocultural features of the Komi-Permyak names of berries noted in A. Popov’s manuscripts. Among the methods and approaches used in this study: a) methods of historical knowledge; b) the empirical method; c) methods and techniques of comparative historical and comparative linguistics. The names of berries from A. Popov’s dictionaries are compared with the material of other later sources on the Komi-Permyak language, and are also compared with the data of the Komi-Permyak literary language and modern Komi dialects. The ethnolinguistic data and versions about the origin of all the considered Komi-Permyak words are given. Etymological analysis has shown that the native names of berries originated in ancient times, most of them belong to the pre-Permic (Finno-Permic, Finno-Ugric, Uralic) era; also there is a possible substrate heritage. Some words have lost the ability to be used independently, while others can now be classified as archaisms, dialectisms, and passive vocabulary.
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PIRINEN, H., P. DALMAN, and S. KÄRENLAMPI. "Description of three new arctic bramble cultivars and proposal for cultivar identification." Agricultural and Food Science 7, no. 4 (January 4, 1998): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5608.
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Morphological and yield differences between five arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus L.) strains and the cultivars Pima and Mespi were studied at two locations during the growing season 1994. Morphological observations and measurements were made on canes, leaves, flowers and berries, adapting the UPOV (Union pour la Protection des Obtentions Vegetales) descriptions for strawberry and raspberry. The plants were also compared with the aid of random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Apart from DNA, the most important distinctive characteristic was yield. Characteristics of the flowers, leaves and berries, such as number, size, shape and colour were used to differentiate between the arctic bramble genotypes. The yield of three new cultivars, named Marika, Muuruska and Elpee, was greater than that of Pima or Mespi. The yield of 'Marika' and 'Elpee' was 2,4-times and that of 'Muuruska' 1,9-times that of 'Pima' or 'Mespi'. Based on distinctive morphological characteristics, guidelines for the description of arctic bramble are proposed. This description may also be used for hybrids of arctic bramble with Rubus stellatus Sm., i.e. Rubus arcticus L. nothosubsp. stellarcticus G. Larsson. ;
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Johnson, Donn T. "Rednecked Cane Borer Galling Affects Blackberry Growth and Yield." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 5 (September 1992): 780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.5.780.
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Thorny erect blackberries (Rubus spp.) were evaluated for yield and cane vigor as affected by galls produced by the rednecked cane borer Agrilus ruficollis (F.). Galling in `Cherokee' significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the count of berries and the weight of berries per centimeter of live cane. Winter injury, water stress, and nutritional stress induced by galls increased the amount of dead wood per cane. Galling did not affect the length of live laterals per `Cherokee' cane. For `Comanche' and `Cheyenne', the amount of dead wood per cane increased as gall counts increased. In contrast, the length of live laterals per cane increased for `Comanche' and decreased for `Cheyenne' as gall counts increased. The weight of berries and the count of berries per centimeter of live cane for `Comanche' and `Cheyenne' were not related to the count of galls. Of the four cultivars, `Shawnee' produced the most berries and greatest weight of berries per centimeter of live cane when canes were free of galls. Conversely, when galls exceeded two per cane, `Shawnee' yielded least, followed by `Comanche', `Cheyenne', and `Cherokee'.
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Milivojević, Jasminka, Vera Rakonjac, Milica Fotirić Akšić, Jelena Bogdanović Pristov, and Vuk Maksimović. "Classification and fingerprinting of different berries based on biochemical profiling and antioxidant capacity." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 48, no. 9 (September 2013): 1285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2013000900013.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the biochemical composition of six berry types belonging to Fragaria, Rubus, Vaccinium and Ribes genus. Fruit samples were collected in triplicate (50 fruit each) from 18 different species or cultivars of the mentioned genera, during three years (2008 to 2010). Content of individual sugars, organic acids, flavonols, and phenolic acids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, while total phenolics (TPC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), by using spectrophotometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) were performed to evaluate the differences in fruit biochemical profile. The highest contents of bioactive components were found in Ribes nigrum and in Fragaria vesca, Rubus plicatus, and Vaccinium myrtillus. PCA and CA were able to partially discriminate between berries on the basis of their biochemical composition. Individual and total sugars, myricetin, ellagic acid, TPC and TAC showed the highest impact on biochemical composition of the berry fruits. CA separated blackberry, raspberry, and blueberry as isolate groups, while classification of strawberry, black and red currant in a specific group has not occurred. There is a large variability both between and within the different types of berries. Metabolite fingerprinting of the evaluated berries showed unique biochemical profiles and specific combination of bioactive compound contents.
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Wang, Shiow Y., and Hsin-Shan Lin. "308 Antioxidant Activity in Leaves and Fruit of Blackberry, Raspberry, and Strawberry." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 495E—496. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.495e.
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Fruit and leaves from different cultivars of thornless blackberry (Rubus sp.), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.), and strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa D.) plants were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) and total phenolic content. In addition, fruit were analyzed for total anthocyanin content. Compared to fruit, leaves were found to have higher ORAC values. In fruit, ORAC values ranged from 7.8 to 33.7 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g of fresh berries, while in leaves, ORAC values ranged from 20.8 to 45.6 μmol TE/g of fresh leaves. Fruit harvested at different stages of maturity were analyzed in blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries. Blackberries and strawberries had their highest ORAC values during the green stages, while raspberries generally had the highest ORAC activity at the ripe stage (with exception of cv. Jewel, a black raspberry). Total anthocyanin content increased with maturity for all three fruit. There was a linear correlation existed between total phenolic content and ORAC activity for fruit and leaves. For ripe berries, there was also a linear relationship between ORAC values and anthocyanin content. Of the ripe fruit and leaves tested, raspberry plants appeared to be the richest source for antioxidants.
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Barba-Ostria, Carlos, Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco, Rebeca Gonzalez-Pastor, Johana Zuñiga-Miranda, Arianna Mayorga-Ramos, Eduardo Tejera, and Linda P. Guamán. "Exploring the Multifaceted Biological Activities of Anthocyanins Isolated from Two Andean Berries." Foods 13, no. 16 (August 21, 2024): 2625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13162625.
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Natural pigments extracted from plant species are used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This study evaluates the comprehensive biological activities of anthocyanins isolated from Andean blueberry (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) and Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth), focusing on their antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, and hemolytic properties. Chemical characterization revealed significant anthocyanin content with complex mass spectrometric profiles indicating diverse glycosylation patterns that may influence their bioactivity. The antimicrobial assays showed that the extracts were particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 1 mg/mL for Rubus glaucus, indicating strong potential for therapeutic use. The antioxidant capacity of the berries was substantial, albeit slightly lower than that of ascorbic acid. The extracts also exhibited notable antitumoral activity in various cancer cell lines, showing promise as adjunctive or preventive treatments. The anti-inflammatory effects were confirmed by inhibiting nitric oxide production in macrophage cells, highlighting their potential in managing inflammatory diseases. In terms of hemolytic activity, Rubus glaucus exhibited dose-dependent effects, potentially attributable to anthocyanins and phenolics, while Vaccinium floribundum demonstrated no significant hemolytic activity, underscoring its safety. These findings suggest that anthocyanins from Andean berries possess potent biological activities, which could be leveraged for health benefits in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Further studies are needed to isolate specific bioactive compounds and investigate their synergistic effects in clinical and real-world contexts.
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Ballington, James R. "EVALUATION OF CHINESE RASPBERRY SPECIES IN NORTH CAROLINA." HortScience 28, no. 5 (May 1993): 568f—568. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.568f.
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Three raspberry species, Rubus corchorifolius, R. hirsutus and R. innominatus, from southern China were evaluated for plant and fruit characteristics at Jackson Springs, N.C., in 1991 and 1992. Plants of all three species were well adapted and could potentially become naturalized if birds or mammals develop a taste for the fruit. Rubus corchorifolius stems were fully erect and primocanes were often 2.5 m tall by June 1, 1992. Rubus hirsutus produced profuse shoots covering up to 2 m2 during the first growing season. Stems were fully erect and generally 0.2-0.3 m. tall. Rubus innominatus was very vigorous with an arching growth habit similar to black raspberry. Rubus corchorifolius bloomed in February and produced very little fruit. Berries were small and yellow with a distinctive sweet and sour flavor. Rubus hirsutus bloomed in early April in 1991 and February in 1992. Fruits were generally large, bright red, with a resinous aftertaste. Rubus innominatus bloomed in late April in 1991 and May in 1992. Fruits occurred in large clusters, were red to reddish-black, medium to large in size, and similar to R. parvifolius in quality. Rubus innominatus appeared very promising as a parent in raspberry improvement for the southeastern US.
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Evdokimenko, S. N., S. М. Motyleva, S. M. Medvedev, and I. M. Kulikov. "Rubus idaeus L. fruit nutrients are affected by different growing technologies." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 53, no. 4 (December 22, 2021): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2021.53.4.8.
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The biochemical compounds of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits cultivated with conventional growing technology and on a nutrient substrate were studied during 2019–2020 at the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia. The antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and ash constituents of the fruits and the metabolites of the alcoholic extract of the raspberries were determined. The effect of growing technologies, i.e., conventional vs. nutrient substrate, on the accumulation of macro- and microelements in raspberry fruits was established. In red raspberries grown on nutrient substrate, the antioxidant activity decreased by 25 times (aqueous extract) and 1.5 times (alcoholic extract). The K and Na contents and Se contents of red raspberries grown on nutrient substrate were 1.5 and 3 times higher than those of raspberries of grown with conventional technology. Raspberries grown with conventional technology contained 2 times more Ca, Ni, and Mn and 7.4 times more Fe than raspberries grown on nutrient substrate. The total amount of elements in raspberries grown through soilless cultivation was 5.5% higher than that in berries grown conventionally. A total of 48 compounds were identified in the alcoholic extracts, and only 29 substances were found in berries grown on a nutrient substrate. Sugar and citric acid constituted the largest share of red raspberry components. Fructose and turanose disaccharide synthesis in raspberries grown on nutrient substrate was 20% higher than that in conventionally grown raspberries. A total of 48 organic compounds with different biological activities were identified. They included five substances with antimicrobial activity, three phenolic substances, eight organic acids, four sugar acids, nine amino acids, and 19 sugars and their derivatives. At the same time, 42 compounds were found in raspberries grown with traditional technology, and 21 compounds were identified in raspberry fruits grown on nutrient substrate. Three fatty acids, namely, ɑ-linoleic acid (polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid), palmitic acid, and stearic acid (saturated fatty acid), along with cinnamic acid, shikimic acid, and chrysin were found in berries grown conventionally.
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Jiang, Youyou, Vigasini Subbiah, Hanjing Wu, Amrit Bk, Javad Sharifi-Rad, and Hafiz A. R. Suleria. "Phenolic Profiling of Berries Waste and Determination of Their Antioxidant Potential." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (April 23, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5605739.
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Berries waste is a major issue in Australia’s annual food wastage, which can reach 7.3 million tonnes. This study assessed the phenolic content and antioxidant potential of four fruit berry wastes, including blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum), blackberries (Rubus spp.), raspberries (Rubus idaeus), and strawberries (Fragaria spp.), followed by their characterization and quantification. Blueberry wastes were high in phenolic content (total phenolic content: 1.97 ± 0.16 mg GAE/gF.W; total flavonoid content: 220.43 ± 13.15 μg QE/gF.W; total tannins content: 16.47 ± 0.98 μg CE/gF.W), and antioxidant potentials are 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: 2.23 ± 0.17 mg AAE/gF.W; 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid): 1.79 ± 0.09 mg AAE/gF.W; ferric reducing antioxidant power: 68.71 ± 11.11 μg AAE/gF.W (total antioxidant capacity: 1.22 ± 0.03 mg AAE/gF.W). The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis identified 87 compounds from blueberry (57), strawberry (40), raspberry (47), and blackberry wastes (27). Indicated by HPLC quantification, blueberry wastes had higher levels of phenolic acid (syringic acid and coumaric acid) and flavonoid (kaempferol and kaempfero l-3-glucoside). Our study reported that phenolics from berry wastes could be utilized in different food, feed, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.
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Lagunes-Fortiz, Edgar Ricardo, Erika Lagunes Fortiz, Alma Alicia Gómez-Gómez, Juan Antonio Leos-Rodríguez, and José Miguel Omaña-Silvestre. "Competitividad y rentabilidad de la producción de frutillas en Jalisco." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 11, no. 8 (December 8, 2020): 1815–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v11i8.2595.
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Durante 2017, Jalisco fue el segundo estado con mayor aportación al PIB agrícola nacional (SIAP, 2020). El cultivo de berries es una importante actividad socioeconómica de este estado, los cuales incluyen el arándano (Vaccinium spp.), frambuesa (Rubus idaeus) y zarzamora (Rubus ulmifolius). Jalisco es el principal productor de frambuesa, el segundo de zarzamora, y el cuarto de fresa (Fragaria spp.) a nivel nacional (FIRA, 2016). Sin embargo, se percibe que a diferencia de los cultivos de fresa y zarzamora, la superficie cultivada de frambuesa incrementó en los últimos años, dicho incremento no puede ser explicado por cambios en el precio o rendimiento sino por otros factores. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si hubo distorsiones en los mercados que pudieron haber influido en la elección de los productores de Jalisco por algún tipo de berry en particular. Se partió de la hipótesis, que de los berries, la frambuesa tuvo una mayor ventaja competitiva o comparativa. Para medir el grado de distorsión del mercado se aplicó la metodología de la matriz de análisis de políticas. Los resultados indican que los tres tipos de berries fueron rentables; sin embargo, algunas distorsiones económicas beneficiaron a la frambuesa y zarzamora, e impactaron negativamente al cultivo de fresa, además existió un gran subsidio a las ganancias del cultivo de frambuesa. Se concluye que distorsiones creadas por el mercado y el gobierno influyeron en la elección del tipo de berry a sembrar por los productores, favoreciendo la producción de frambuesa.
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Fallovo, Carlo, Valerio Cristofori, Emilio Mendoza de-Gyves, Carlos Mario Rivera, Roberto Rea, Simone Fanasca, Cristina Bignami, Youssef Sassine, and Youssef Rouphael. "Leaf Area Estimation Model for Small Fruits from Linear Measurements." HortScience 43, no. 7 (December 2008): 2263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.7.2263.
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Accurate and nondestructive methods to determine individual leaf areas of plants are a useful tool in physiological and agronomic research. Determining the individual leaf area (LA) of small fruit like raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), redcurrant (Ribes rubrum L.), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), gooseberry (Ribes grossularia L.), and highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) involves measurements of leaf parameters such as length (L) and width (W) or some combinations of these parameters. A 2-year investigation was carried out during 2006 (on seven raspberry, seven redcurrant, six blackberry, five gooseberry, and two highbush blueberry cultivars) and 2007 (on one cultivar per species) under open field conditions to test whether a model could be developed to estimate LA of small fruits across cultivars. Regression analysis of LA versus L and W revealed several models that could be used for estimating the area of individual small fruit leaves. A linear model having LW as the independent variable provided the most accurate estimate (highest R 2, smallest mean square error, and the smallest predicted residual error sum of squares) of LA in all small fruit berries. Validation of the model having LW of leaves measured in the 2007 experiment coming from other cultivars of small fruit berries showed that the correlation between calculated and measured small fruit berries LAs was very high. Therefore, these models can estimate accurately and in large quantities the LA of small fruit plants in many experimental comparisons without the use of any expensive instruments.
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Smol’nikova, Ya V., E. A. Rygalova, A. A. Belyakov, and V. V. Tarnopol’skaya. "Enzymatic treatment of Rubus saxatilis L. wild growing berries: technological parameters optimization." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 315 (August 23, 2019): 072017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/315/7/072017.
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Rygalova, E. A., Ya V. Smol’nikova, N. A. Velichko, V. V. Tarnopol’skaya, and A. A. Mashanov. "Substantiation of vitamin and mineral composition stability of Rubus saxátilis L. berries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 421 (January 7, 2020): 082009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/421/8/082009.
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MILIVOJEVIĆ, J., V. MAKSIMOVIĆ, M. NIKOLIĆ, J. BOGDANOVIĆ, R. MALETIĆ, and D. MILATOVIĆ. "CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF CULTIVATED AND WILD FRAGARIA AND RUBUS BERRIES." Journal of Food Quality 34, no. 1 (February 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2010.00360.x.
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Riedl, Marcel, Vilém Jarský, Daniel Zahradník, Petra Palátová, Roman Dudík, Jitka Meňházová, and Luděk Šišák. "Analysis of Significant Factors Influencing the Amount of Collected Forest Berries in the Czech Republic." Forests 11, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101114.
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Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.), blackberries (Rubus fruticosus L.) and cowberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) are the most important forest berries collected in the Czech Republic (CZ). The average annual value of these collected berry species is estimated to be worth more than EUR 86 million at 2018 prices. The data concerning the collection and use of forest fruits have been systematically collected in a highly detailed structure since 2008, which enables the application of the advanced statistical methods used in this paper. The results of the analyses inter alia demonstrate that collecting forest berries is not only an important recreational activity, but it has an important economic effect. Therefore, this article also deals with the collection of forest fruits, especially bilberries, as a potentially important non-wood forest product (NWFP) for sustainable forest management and also analyses the external factors influencing the total annual amount of collected forest berries. A deeper knowledge of the customer and his or her behaviour—customer insight—are prerequisites for the proactive management of forest ecosystems. The first step to “berry picker insight” is to learn more about the demand, its structure and factors which influence this demand. Thus, one of the research questions concentrates on the analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics of the berry picker that are relevant for explaining the amount of collected forest berries in the Czech Republic. Knowledge of these factors can contribute to a more effective application of marketing methods for shaping and influencing the demand so that, in terms of time and place, it is more in line with the supply, which is limited by the natural conditions, growing season and production potential of forest ecosystems.
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Mettler, David, and Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. "Rotating Cross-arm and Winter Rowcovers for Floricane Blackberry (Rubus Subgenus Rubus Watson) Production in North Dakota." HortScience 53, no. 12 (December 2018): 1810–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13103-18.
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Blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) production has the potential to expand into the northern Great Plains with the development of the rotating cross-arm (RCA) trellis system that prevents winter injury by laying the plants horizontal to the ground so that they can be covered during cold periods. However, this will only occur with the evaluation of new cultivars and overwintering protection methods associated with the RCA trellis system. Ten cultivars under four rowcover treatments were evaluated for winter damage, vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality. Thermo-couples monitored air temperature under each rowcover treatment. Results indicated that rowcovers differed in their ability to moderate winter air temperatures. However, temperature moderation differences from rowcovers did not correspond to plant growth differences. Instead, cultivar influenced plant growth differences. Plants under the thermal blanket with corn stover had greater yield and more berries, while fruit quality was unaffected by rowcover treatment. Differences were also found between cultivars for fruit quantity and quality. Although rowcovers enabled overwintering primocanes to produce fruit after winter temperatures reached −30 C, further research is recommended to improve winter protection techniques and the identification of higher-yielding floricane blackberry cultivars for production in the northern Great Plains.
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Л.П., Шароглазова, Рыгалова Е.А., and Величко Н.А. "ОБОСНОВАНИЕ СРОКОВ ХРАНЕНИЯ И ТОВАРОВЕДНАЯ ОЦЕНКА СОКОСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО НАПИТКА НА ОСНОВЕ ЯГОД РОДА RUBUS." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2020-3-129-134.
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Цель исследования – разработать рецептуру безалкогольного напитка на основе сока, полученного из ягод Rubus chamaemorus, Rubus Saxatilis L. и хвойного кедрового экстракта, провести оценку его качества. Задачи исследования: разработать рецептуру сокосодержащего напитка; определить показатели его качества; исследовать динамику титруемой кислотности напитка в процессе его хранения. Объектами исследования явились 5 опытных образцов сокосодержащих напитков, изготовленных из ягод морошки (Rubus chamaemorus), костяники каменистой (Rubus Saxatilis L.), хвойного водного экстракта кедра. Представлены результаты оценки качества физико-химических и органолептических показателей. Осуществлена дегустационная оцен-ка сокосодержащих напитков, которая позволила установить из анализируемых опытных образцов наилучший вариант (рецептура № 4). Органолептическая оценка показала, что с увеличением доли сахара понижается кислый привкус, при увеличении количества ягодных соков в рецептурах увеличивается кислое послевкусие, цвет становится ярче. Установлено соответствие напитка требованиям ТР ТС 023/2011 и ГОСТ 28188-2014. ТР ТС 023/2011 регламентирует, что содержание массовой доли титруемых кислот в сокосодержащих напитках не должно превышать 1,5 %. В связи с тем, что ягодное сырье, используемое для изготовления безалкогольного напитка, содержит в составе различные органические кислоты, дополнительно в напиток кислоты не вносили, чтобы не превышать значение рН напитка и не ухудшить вкусовые показатели. На основании исследования динамики титруемой кислотности напитков обоснован срок их хранения. Установлено, что титруемая кислотность сокосодержащего напитка увеличивается при хранении, достигая предельного значения на 21-е сутки (1,5 %), это свидетельствует о том, что срок хранения напитка заканчивается на 21-е сутки.
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Stafne, Eric T., Amir Rezazadeh, Melinda Miller-Butler, and Barbara J. Smith. "Environment Affects White Drupelet Disorder Expression on Three Blackberry Cultivars in South Mississippi." HortTechnology 27, no. 6 (December 2017): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03880-17.
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White drupelet disorder (WDD) is a problem that occurs during the ripening stage in some blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) cultivars. Although berries affected with a few white drupelets may taste fine, they are unpleasant aesthetically, and this may lead to negative consumer perceptions and economic ramifications. During 2 years of observational studies and field trials (2016 and 2017), we evaluated changes in three susceptible cultivars in Mississippi affected by WDD. ‘Chickasaw’, ‘Kiowa’, and ‘Sweetie Pie’ berries were harvested twice per week and assessed for WDD. Weather conditions differed substantially during harvest in 2016 and 2017, with 2017 being cooler and rainier which resulted in a lower incidence of WDD. Compared with 2016, in 2017, the overall percentage of berries exhibiting WDD dropped from 22% to 12% for ‘Sweetie Pie’, 6% to 3% for ‘Chickasaw’, and 8% to 3% for ‘Kiowa’. The soluble solids concentration was highest in ‘Sweetie Pie’, 11.9% and 9.5% for 2016 and 2017, respectively. For all cultivars examined, the soluble solids concentration of extracted white drupelets was substantially lower than regular drupelets. The value for skin break force for white drupelets was higher than that for black drupelets, 0.99 N vs. 0.29 N, respectively. In 2017, an about 30% shadecloth treatment had a significantly positive impact by decreasing WDD symptoms in all cultivars by 63% when compared with non-shaded plants, but soluble solids concentration was lower. Our results indicate that rain and shadecloth decrease symptoms of WDD. Therefore, growers may be able to use overhead irrigation and shade to reduce WDD symptoms.
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Diaconeasa, Zoriţa, Cristian I. Iuhas, Huseyin Ayvaz, Dumitriţa Rugină, Andreea Stanilă, Francisc Dulf, Andrea Bunea, Sonia Ancuța Socaci, Carmen Socaciu, and Adela Pintea. "Phytochemical Characterization of Commercial Processed Blueberry, Blackberry, Blackcurrant, Cranberry, and Raspberry and Their Antioxidant Activity." Antioxidants 8, no. 11 (November 10, 2019): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110540.
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Being delicious and containing strong disease-fighting agents, berries represent an increasing proportion of fruits consumed nowadays in our diet. However, berries are highly perishable as fresh and, therefore, they are usually processed into various products to extend their shelf-life and availability throughout the year. Among the fruit-containing products, jam is one of the most common due to its nourishing properties, its low production costs, and its accessibility for a lengthy period. Rather than home preparation, consumers nowadays increasingly prefer to purchase commercial jams from markets due to its convenience. Although fresh berries have been extensively studied for their phenolic compounds, a limited number of studies investigating commercially manufactured jams have been conducted so far. Considering this, the objective of this study was to assess the total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content and the antioxidant activity of five commonly consumed commercial berry jams (blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrun) mixture, blackcurrant (Ribes nigrun), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus)) collected from the market. Even though a possible loss of phenolics, anthocyanins, and a decrease of radical scavenging activity may occur during jam processing and subsequent storage, our data indicated that the selected commercial jams remained good sources of nutritive molecules with antioxidant properties based on the high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and elevated antioxidant activities determined in this study. Additionally, the samples were characterized by GC-MS for their volatile profiles, and terpenes were found to be the dominating class covering more than 74% of volatile compounds in the jams.
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Khlebova, L. P., A. Mu Titova, and A. V. Pirogova. "Biotechnological approaches to the reproduction of remontant forms of red raspberry." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_116.
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Rubus idaeus L. is one of the oldest and most widespread berry crops, which is cultivated for the excellent taste as well as for medical and dietary properties of berries. Rubus fruits contain a significant amount of vitamins A and C, anthocyanins, polyphenolic substances, which determines their high antioxidant activity. Remontant red raspberry forms are able to berry on annual shoots in the second half of summer, which extends the term of consumption of fresh berries by 1.5-2 months. However, many forms of remontant raspberry have a low potential for vegetative propagation compared to summer varieties, which makes them difficult to reproduce and to use in the breeding process. We investigated the possibility of increasing the efficiency of in vitro micropropagation of a remontant raspberry variety ʻBiryulevskaya’. The effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) at concentrations of 0.5–3 mg l-1 and thidiazuron (TDZ) at concentrations of 0.05–0.2 mg l-1 as well as doubled and tripled iron chelate Fe-EDTA (Ferric ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid) doses were studied. We found the adding 1.0 mg l-1 6-BAP to the MS medium containing a triple dose of iron chelate, provided intensive proliferation of high quality adventitious shoots.
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Kangasjärvi, Jaakko, and Jari Oksanen. "Pollinator behaviour in cultivated and wild Arctic Bramble (Rubus arcticus L.)." Agricultural and Food Science 61, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72349.
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Arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) is a clonally growing, insect-pollinated, self-incompatible plant which is cultivated for its berries. In field studies of cultivated and natural stands it was observed that the pollinators (bumble bees and honey bees) foraged optimally, i.e., flight was towards the nearest flower. Therefore, in cultivation the plants should be planted so that the nearest neighbours belong to different clones. In general, the pollinators preferred white clover (Trifolium repens), growing as a weed, and cultivated strawberry as opposed to the arctic bramble. These plants appeared to be severe competitors for the pollinators, and care should therefore be taken to reduce their influence.
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Lamenza, Felipe F., Puja Upadhaya, Peyton Roth, Suvekshya Shrestha, Sushmitha Jagadeesha, Natalie Horn, Hasan Pracha, and Steve Oghumu. "Berries vs. Disease: Revenge of the Phytochemicals." Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 1 (January 9, 2024): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17010084.
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Secondary metabolites and phytochemicals in plant-based diets are known to possess properties that inhibit the development of several diseases including a variety of cancers of the aerodigestive tract. Berries are currently of high interest to researchers due to their high dietary source of phytochemicals. Black raspberries (BRB), Rubus occidentalis, are of special interest due to their rich and diverse composition of phytochemicals. In this review, we present the most up-to-date preclinical and clinical data involving berries and their phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of a variety of cancers and diseases. BRBs possess a variety of health benefits including anti-proliferative properties, anti-inflammatory activity, activation of pro-cell-death pathways, modulation of the immune response, microbiome modulation, reduction in oxidative stress, and many more. However, little has been done in both preclinical and clinical settings on the effects of BRB administration in combination with other cancer therapies currently available for patients. With the high potential for BRBs as chemopreventive agents, there is a need to investigate their potential in combination with other treatments to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Rygalova, E. A., Ya V. Smol’nikova, N. A. Velichko, and T. G. Khramtsova. "The development of an emulsion sauce recipe by adding Rubus saxatilis L. berries." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 548 (September 2, 2020): 082046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/548/8/082046.
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Ali, Liaqat, Birgitta Svensson, Beatrix W. Alsanius, and Marie E. Olsson. "Late season harvest and storage of Rubus berries—Major antioxidant and sugar levels." Scientia Horticulturae 129, no. 3 (June 2011): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.03.047.
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Stiles, Herbert D. "TRELLISING TO IMPROVE MANUAL HARVEST EFFICIENCY AND TO ENABLE MECHANICAL HARVEST OF RUBUS FOR FRESH FRUIT MARKETS.." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1162a—1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1162a.
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Three different “shift-trellises” were designed to localize the fruiting zone and to separate it-from vegetative structures. This allows efficient manual harvests by making berries more visible and easier to reach. It improves the quality of manual harvest conditions by reducing human contact with thorns (i.e., prickles).Better definition of the fruiting zone's dimensions and location, important factors in mechanical harvesting, is possible with these systems. One system allows horizontal placement of the fruiting zone as in the Lincoln Canopy System, but with an inverted orientation of the fruiting shoots. Inverted orientation of fruiting shoots will shorten the distance to the mechanical harvester's collector surface. This changed juxtaposition among trellis components, floricanes and fruiting shoots will eliminate most obstacles against which berries might impinge during their fall to the collector surface. A new kind of agitator may be required to effect fruit removal in this system.
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Stafne, Eric T., Jenny B. Ryals, and Barbara J. Smith. "Additional Nitrogen Application Reduced White Drupelet Disorder in ‘Sweetie Pie’ Blackberry." HortTechnology 31, no. 6 (December 2021): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04931-21.
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White drupelet disorder (WDD) in blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) is an abiotic condition resulting from a cultivar and environment interaction. Although high temperatures and light intensities have been implicated, little is known why this disorder manifests. Other factors, such as overall plant stress, may be contributing influences. In this study, three treatments were applied to examine whether the addition of nitrogen (N) can reduce WDD on ‘Sweetie Pie’ erect blackberry over three seasons. An initial 50 lb/acre (56.0 kg⋅ha–1) N was applied to all plots at budbreak. Two additional N application treatments of 100 kg⋅ha–1 were applied at one time (1×) or five, 20-kg⋅ha–1 applications (5×), spaced 1 week apart for 5 weeks starting at bloom. One control treatment of no additional N (0×) was also included. Berries were harvested and weighed as a total, then berries with white drupelets were separated out and weighed. The two values were divided to create a proportion and were then multiplied by 100 to determine the percentage. Nitrogen application decreased the percentage of white drupelet berries from 13.0% (control) to 10.0% (one additional application) and 9.1% (five additional applications). WDD for the 0× treatment correlated negatively to maximum high daytime temperatures during May (r = –0.58, P = 0.03) over the three seasons. Occurrence of white drupelets by treatments 0×, 1×, and 5× correlated significantly with the cumulative number of rainfall events (r = 0.49, 0.47, and 0.46, respectively). Leaf chlorophyll index and photosynthesis measurements were unaffected by treatment. Although it is likely that multiple factors are involved in the development of white drupelets, additional N may reduce the problem.
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Shubenko, L., S. Shokh, and Kumanska Yu. "Assessment of blackberry varieties suitable for growing in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(157) (May 25, 2020): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-201-206.
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The research aimed to study the productivity of blackberry foreign varieties (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe part of Ukraine as they are attractive for production due to their fruit taste and appearance. The task was to establish the beginning and duration of fruiting of blackberry varieties, to determine the yield level and the quality of the berries. A fi eld experiment was conducted on the experimental fi eld of the Scientific and Research Center of BNAU to assess the productivity of blackberry varieties. The studies were started in the spring of 2017 on blackberry seedlings with growing the culture in vitro in the biotechnological laboratory of the university. The tests included 5 varieties with climbing shoots: Smoothstem, Thornfree, Black Satin, Triple Crown, Arapaho. According to the results of observations, it was found that for two years of fruiting among the studied varieties, the earliest production was received in the Arapaho variety, in the first decade of July. Triple Crown, with the fi rst fruits ripened on August 2, was characterized by late fruiting. The Triple Crown variety diff ered by the longest period of berry coming – 35 days. The yield obtained in a year after planting is not an indicator of long-term crop yields. However, the Triple Crown variety diff ered by the highest yield in the fi rst year of fruiting, with an average of 3.7 kg of berries obtained from a bush. High yields were also observed in the Smoothstem variety. Black Satin variety was characterized by the high level of yield growth for over two years of fruiting, which amounted to 80 %. The largest in the fi rst years of fruiting were Triple Crown fruits with an average weight of 11.1 g. The maximum weight of individual berries of this variety reached 17.7 g. The Arapaho variety also stood out with its large fruits of 8.5 g on average. Some fruits reached a maximum weight of 12.1 g. Key words: blackberry, the beginning of fruiting, productivity, average weight of berries, duration of products supply.
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Frum, Adina, Cecilia Georgescu, Felicia Gabriela Gligor, Carmen Dobrea, and Ovidiu Tița. "Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds from Red Currant (Ribes rubrum L.) and Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.)." International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 6 (January 2017): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.6.30.
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The extracts obtained from two types of berries: red currant and raspberries, were evaluated for their phenolic content. They were identified and quantified by using an optimized HPLC method. During the analyze several phenolic compounds were found, like: gallic acid, (+)- catechin, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and quercetin. The total amount of phenolic compounds analyzed found in red currant was greater than the one found in raspberries, due to the low variety of phenolic compounds extracted. The greatest amount of gallic acid, (+)- catechin, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid and rutin was determined from the extraction of red currant berries and the raspberries extract contained the greatest source of quercetin. This study shows that red currant can provide the highest and most varied content of phenolic compounds from the analyzed berries.
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Ruiz-Galván, Isabel, Néstor Bautista-Martínez, Lauro Soto-Rojas, Samuel Pineda-Guillermo, and Jesús Romero-Nápoles. "Identification and distribution of leafrollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) associated with berries (Rosaceae) cultivated in Mexico." ZooKeys 1146 (February 9, 2023): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.81734.
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Berries are agricultural products of great economic interest for Mexico, and their production has increased in recent years; however, crops are affected by tortricid leafrollers. From August 2019 to April 2021 in Michoacán and Guanajuato, Mexico, a study was conducted to determine the species of tortricids associated with blackberries (Rubus spp. L.), raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) and strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), as well as their altitudinal distribution. In 12 orchards located in these states, shoots, leaves and flowers infested by larvae were collected. The species were identified by male genitalia and were determined taxonomically as Amorbia cuneana (Walsingham, 1879), Argyrotaenia montezumae (Walsingham, 1914) and Platynota sp. Walker, 1859, found at elevations from 1290 to 2372 m. The most abundant species were A. cuneana and A. montezumae. Generally, these tortricids prefer to feed on tender vegetative parts of the plant, but the economic impact they have is not known. It is worth mentioning that the number of species found is lower than those reported in other countries, but it is necessary to broaden the study area to other berry-producing regions to determine whether their distribution is wider.
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Lebedev, Vadim G., Natalya M. Subbotina, Oleg P. Maluchenko, Konstantin V. Krutovsky, and Konstantin A. Shestibratov. "Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Differently Colored Raspberry Cultivars Using SSR Markers Located in Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes." Agronomy 9, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090518.
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Raspberry is a valuable berry crop containing a large amount of antioxidants that correlates with the color of the berries. We evaluated the genetic diversity of differently colored raspberry cultivars by the microsatellite markers developed using the flavonoid biosynthesis structural and regulatory genes. Among nine tested markers, seven were polymorphic. In total, 26 alleles were found at seven loci in 19 red (Rubus idaeus L.) and two black (R. occidentalis L.) raspberry cultivars. The most polymorphic marker was RiMY01 located in the MYB10 transcription factor intron region. Its polymorphic information content (PIC) equalled 0.82. The RiG001 marker that previously failed to amplify in blackberry also failed in black raspberry. The raspberry cultivar clustering in the UPGMA dendrogram was unrelated to geographical and genetic origin, but significantly correlated with the color of berries. The black raspberry cultivars had a higher homozygosity and clustered separately from other cultivars, while at the same time they differed from each other. In addition, some of the raspberry cultivars with a yellow-orange color of berries formed a separate cluster. This suggests that there may be not a single genetic mechanism for the formation of yellow-orange berries. The data obtained can be used prospectively in future breeding programs to improve the nutritional qualities of raspberry fruits.
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Kaiser, A. A., K. A. Laishev, and A. A. Yuzhakov. "The biochemical composition of wild berries and fruits growing in the Southwestern Taimyr." Arctic and Subarctic Natural Resources 29, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.31242/2618-9712-2024-29-2-295-302.
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This article presents research findings on the chemical composition of fruits and berries found in the Southwestern Taimyr region, including bilberry (Vaccinium myrtíllus), northern redcurrant (Ribes triste), blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum), prickly wild rose (Rosa acicularis), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), almost-holarctic crowberry (Empetrum subholarcticum), Siberian rowan (Sorbus sibirica), and cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus). We revealed that rowan, blueberries, and prickly wild rose are particularly rich in crude fat. Additionally, prickly wild rose, and red currants were found to be high in crude fiber content, while bilberries, red currants, and cloudberries were dominant in crude protein. Potassium and calcium content were highest in prickly wild rose and rowan, while bilberries, red currants, and prickly wild rose had high sodium content. Moreover, crowberries and rowan berries were rich in phosphorus, and lingonberries, rowan berries, bilberries, and cloudberries were abundant in magnesium. Red currants, bilberries, and cloudberries had the highest total amino acid content, with essential amino acids being more prevalent than non-essential ones in redcurrant, bilberry, crowberry, and cloudberry samples. The content included high levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and threonine. Overall, the fruits and berries in the Southwestern Taimyr region have significant biological value and could be effectively used in creating functional biologically active substances.
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Arifova, Z. I., and N. N. Gorb N.N. "Yield and fruit quality of introduced cultivars of raspberries {Rubus idaeus L.) in the Crimea." Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, no. 135 (August 6, 2020): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2020-135-131-134.
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The aim of the research was to study introduced cultivars of raspberries on economic and biological characteristics and selection of adapted to the conditions of the Crimea, high-yielding, winter-hardy, disease- resistant cultivars with high taste and commercial qualities of berries. The article presents the results of a study of seven raspberry cultivars (Glen Ample, Cowichan, Laszka, Marianuska, Perseya, Polka, Phenomen) for agronomic characteristics: yield, disease resistance, average weight, quality and biochemical composition of berries. Control - Balsam cultivar, recognized in the Crimea. The data obtained allowed to distinguish the following cultivars: on the basis of large fruit size (3.0-4.0 g) Phenomen, Laszka, Glen Ample, Marianuska, Cowichan; high yield (0.322 - 0.393 kg/shoot) Laszka, Marianuska, Perseya; good taste of fruits (4.5 - 4.9 points) Cowichan, Marianuska, Perseya, Polka; high content of ascorbic acid (47.6 - 61.7 mg/100g) Glen Ample, Marianuska, Perseya; the high content of soluble solids (15.3 - 17.7%) Laszka, Marianuska, Polka, Phenomen, Cowichan. Over the years of research, all raspberry plants had a healthy appearance; chemical treatments on the experimental site were not used. The introduction of promising cultivars of raspberries will significantly improve the assortment of culture in the Crimea, increase the production of berry products. The best cultivars chosen for valuable characters can be used in breeding.
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Segantini, Daniela M., Renee T. Threlfall, John R. Clark, Luke R. Howard, and Cindi R. Brownmiller. "Physiochemical Changes in Floricane and Primocane Blackberries Harvested from Primocane Genotypes." HortScience 53, no. 1 (January 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12554-17.
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Fresh-market blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) have a growing global market, with continued release of cultivars to meet demand for consumer-quality fruit. The release of primocane-fruiting blackberry plants that produce crops on both floricanes and primocanes has expanded blackberry production. This study investigated the physiochemical attributes of fresh-market blackberries harvested from two cane types (floricane and primocane) from four primocane genotypes (APF-238, APF-268, ‘Prime-Ark® 45’, and ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’) grown at the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station, Clarksville in 2015 and 2016. Year-to-year differences were evident as blackberries harvested in 2016 were smaller (6 g) and less acidic (0.7% titratable acidity) than berries harvested in 2015 (8 g berries with 0.9% titratable acidity); however, soluble solids in each year were similar (≈10.2%). Differences in genotypes were also a factor. ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ (2015) and APF-268 (2016) had the highest berry firmness (7.8–8.3 N). In both years, APF-238 had the lowest firmness (5.7–6.0 N), highest isocitric acid (0.8–1.1 g/100 g), and highest total anthocyanins (239–353 mg/100 g). Floricane fruit harvested from ‘Prime-Ark® Traveler’ had the highest berry weights (8.3–10.4 g) in both years. Blackberries harvested from primocanes were wider (21.3–22.9 mm), had higher soluble solids (11.6% to 12.6%), and had lower titratable acidity (0.6%) when compared with floricane fruit in both years. Major year-to-year differences were found for several variables in this study, indicating that environmental effects can be substantial and growers should be aware of this influence on berries harvested from the different cane types. Evaluation of quality properties of floricane and primocane fruit of primocane plants in other locations would be valuable, particularly from areas where commercial blackberry production is established.
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Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly, Nur Amalina Ismail, Azizul Isha, and Angelina Lee Mei Ling. "Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Selected Wild Berries (Rubus moluccanusL.,R. fraxinifoliusPoir., andR. alpestrisBlume)." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2482930.
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Berries, from the genusRubus, are among the vital components in a healthy diet. In this study, 80% methanol extracts from the three wildRubusspecies (Rubus moluccanusL.,Rubus fraxinifoliusPoir., andRubus alpestrisBlume) were evaluated for their phytochemical contents (total phenolics, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid content), antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays), antiacetylcholinesterase, and antibacterial activities. GC-MS was used for quantification of naturally occurring phytochemicals. The results showed thatR. alpestriscontained the highest total phenolic [24.25±0.1 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g] and carotenoid content [21.86±0.63 mgβ-carotene equivalents (BC)/g], as well as the highest DPPH scavenging and FRAP activities. The highest total flavonoid [18.17±0.20 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g] and anthocyanin content [36.96±0.39 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents (c-3-gE)/g] have been shown byR. moluccanus. For antibacterial assays,R. moluccanusandR. alpestrisextracts showed mild inhibition towardsBacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, andSalmonella enteritidis. Anticholinesterase activity for all extracts was in the range of 23–26%. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of at least 12, 21, and 7 different organic compounds in 80% methanol extracts ofR. alpestris,R. moluccanus, andR. fraxinifolius, respectively, which might contribute to the bioactivity.
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Franklin, Michelle T., Tracy K. Hueppelsheuser, Paul K. Abram, Patrice Bouchard, Robert S. Anderson, and Gary A. P. Gibson. "The Eurasian strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795), is established in North America." Canadian Entomologist 153, no. 5 (June 23, 2021): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2021.28.
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AbstractWe report the strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi (Herbst, 1795) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a species native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, as established in British Columbia, Canada. This is the first report of A. rubi in North America. We provide a diagnosis of the species and compare it with other species of the genus Anthonomus Germar in Canada. This species is a pest of plants in Rosaceae Jussieu, including economically important berries such as strawberries (Fragaria Linnaeus) and raspberries (Rubus idaeus Linnaeus), and of native berries of importance to Indigenous peoples in Canada. Female weevils oviposit eggs inside developing flower buds and sever flower stalks, facilitating larval development inside damaged buds and thus reducing fruit yields. Surveys to confirm the presence of A. rubi conducted in 2020 found the weevil to be well established in cultivated and wild hosts throughout the Greater Vancouver area and Fraser Valley, British Columbia. At least one species of parasitoid wasp in the genus Pteromalus Swederus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) has been found in association with A. rubi in the province. Future investigations are required to understand the biology of A. rubi in its new range, assess its impact on berries, and develop management strategies.
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Garrido, Patricia, Eduardo Morillo, and Wilson Vásquez-Castillo. "Genetic diversity of the Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) in Ecuador assessed by AFLP markers." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 18, no. 4 (August 2020): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262120000283.
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AbstractAndean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) is an emerging fruit crop with significant commercial potential. Despite its growing popularity, basic research about its genetic resources and breeding remains insufficient. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Andean blackberry cultivars and related berries species from the main production areas in Ecuador. We analysed a total of 106 samples and performed DNA screening with different molecular markers: random-amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and a set of representative samples with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). The tested RAPD primers did not reveal any differentiation among accessions identified as R. glaucus, however one ISSR primer was useful to find polymorphisms allowing the selection of 29 accessions for the analysis with AFLP markers. AFLP-M13 technology was used for screen genetic variations among these accessions and eight wild Rubus accessions. We scored 203 bands using five primer combinations; out of these 152 were informative in R. glaucus. AFLP markers clearly distinguish R. glaucus from the screened wild Rubus species, also an unexpected genetic structure was revealed among R. glaucus cultivars. This genetic differentiation and detection of admixed genotypes suggest a possible introgression of wild Rubus species in R. glaucus. Our findings are relevant for blackberry genetic breeding and use of these genetic resources.
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Aniskina, T. S., O. V. Ladyzhenskaya, and V. A. Kryuchkova. "Analysis of the contingency of traits in Rubus L. in connection with further selection." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 979, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/979/1/012001.
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Abstract Blackberries are a valuable and promising berry crop that has spread in Europe and America. In Russia, breeding is at an early stage of development, which has led to the production of a single variety so far. In this regard, the goal of the study was set - to determine the conjugation of quantitative traits of blackberries for further selection. The article studied 8 varieties of blackberries ('Karaka Black', 'Natches', 'Loch Tay', 'Columbia Star', 'Ark Prime Freedom', 'Black Gem', 'Black Magic', 'Heaven Can Wait') in the collection of the nursery in the south of Russia. The relationships between the following quantitative traits were studied: yield, weight of berries, length of berries, amount of sugars, average number of drupes per fruit, length and width of central leaflet, length of petiole, thickness of petiole, number of leaflets, average height of replacement shoots, total length of replacement shoots, potential the number of cuttings from one bush and the number of fruits on the lateral. Correlation analysis was used to identify reliable connections between the signs. Found a strong positive relationship between berry length and weight, as well as the average number of drupes per fruit. The amount of sugars in a close positive relationship with the number of leaves. Also interrelated are the average number of replacement shoots per plant, the total length of replacement shoots and the potential number of cuttings per bush. A negative weak relationship was noted between pairs of traits: berry length and average number of replacement shoots; berry length and potential number of cuttings per bush; the width of the central leaflet and the number of fruits on the lateral.
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Ávila, Felipe, Cristina Theoduloz, Camilo López-Alarcón, Eva Dorta, and Guillermo Schmeda-Hirschmann. "Cytoprotective Mechanisms Mediated by Polyphenols from Chilean Native Berries against Free Radical-Induced Damage on AGS Cells." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9808520.
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The prevalence of cytoprotective mechanisms induced by polyphenols such as activation of intracellular antioxidant responses (ICM) and direct free radical scavenging was investigated in native Chilean species of strawberries, raspberries, and currants. Human gastric epithelial cells were co- and preincubated with polyphenolic-enriched extracts (PEEs) from Chilean raspberries (Rubus geoides), strawberries (Fragaria chiloensis ssp. chiloensis f. chiloensis), and currants (Ribes magellanicum) and challenged with peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Cellular protection was determined in terms of cell viability, glyoxalase I and glutathione s-transferases activities, and carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and malondialdehyde levels. Our results indicate that cytoprotection induced by ICM was the prevalent mechanism for Rubus geoides and F. chiloensis. This agreed with increased levels of glyoxalase I and glutathione S-transferase activities in cells preincubated with PEEs. ORAC index indicated that F. chiloensis was the most efficient peroxyl radical scavenger. Moreover, ICM mediated by F. chiloensis was effective in protecting cells from CML accumulation in contrast to the protective effects induced by free radical scavenging. Our results indicate that although both polyphenol-mediated mechanisms can exert protective effects, ICM was the most prevalent in AGS cells. These results suggest a potential use of these native berries as functional food.