Academic literature on the topic 'Rubus – Control'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rubus – Control"
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Oleskevich, Carmen, Zamir K. Punja, and Simon F. Shamoun. "The biology of Canadian weeds. 105. Rubus strigosus Michx., Rubus parviflorus Nutt., and Rubus spectabilis Pursh." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps96-037.
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Wild raspberry (Rubus strigosus Michx.), thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.), and salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis Pursh) are native perennial deciduous shrubs that rapidly invade disturbed areas. Through prolific vegetative growth, these shrubs form dense, multilayered, and monospecific stands and form extensive clonal colonies. They create habitat and supply food sources for a variety of forest fauna and are important in nutrient cycling and reducing soil erosion. These Rubus shrubs may effectively outcompete economically valuable regenerating conifers. A review of chemical, manual, and biological control methods is presented. Reproductive biology, growth and development, and population dynamics are discussed in detail. Key words:Rubus strigosus, Rubus idaeus, Rubus parviflorus, Rubus spectabilis, wild red raspberry, thimbleberry, salmonberry, forest weed biology, competition, distribution
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Martin, R. R. "VIRUS DISEASES OF RUBUS AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR CONTROL." Acta Horticulturae, no. 585 (September 2002): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.585.43.
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McCarty, Lambert B., Daniel L. Colvin, and Jeffery M. Higgins. "Highbush Blackberry (Rubus argutus) Control in Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)." Weed Technology 10, no. 4 (December 1996): 754–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0004077x.
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A 3-yr study investigated highbush blackberry control in bahiagrass turf using selective herbicides. Triclopyr applied alone at ≤ 0.56 kg/ha and in combination with other herbicides provided best (75 to 95%) control for up to 52 wk after treatment with minimal damage to bahiagrass turf. Triclopyr formulations (3A vs 4EC) provided similar highbush blackberry control and bahiagrass tolerance. The addition of either 2,4-D, dicamba, hexazinone, or sulfometuron to triclopyr provided slightly better blackberry control, but increased bahiagrass turf damage. Fluroxypyr applied at 0.14 to 0.28 kg/ha provided 60 to 80% control of highbush blackberry 12 WAT. Glyphosate and glufosinate treatments provided unacceptable highbush blackberry control and/or unacceptable bahiagrass turf injury. The addition of oxadiazon for residual control of subsequent highbush blackberry emergence was ineffective.
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Pârlici, Raluca-Maria, Aurel Maxim, Stefania Mirela Mang, Ippolito Camele, Lucia Mihalescu, and Vlad Stoian. "Alternative Control of Phragmidium rubi-idaei Infecting Two Rubus Species." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071452.
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Organic berry plantations have been gaining popularity among farmers during recent years. Even so, farmers experience serious challenges in disease control management, which is a concern in organic farming. Phragmidium rubi-idaei (DC) P. Karst is the pathogen responsible for blackberry and raspberry rust disease, one of the most present and active diseases in plantations. The antifungal certified products found on the organic farming market offer the opportunity for an efficient control strategy over plant pathogens in fruit shrub plantations. In this study, 5 natural based products—namely Altosan, Mimox, Canelys, Zitron, and Zeolite—were tested for their fungistatic effect over P. rubi-idaei. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, performing observations over the impact of organic products, used at different concentration levels, on rust conidia germination. Moreover, field experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments for rust control on raspberry (‘Polka’, ‘Veten’ and ‘Heritage’) and blackberry (‘Thorn Free’, ‘Chester’ and ‘Loch Ness’) varieties. Data analysis based on ANOVA tests showed significant differences between the tested variants and the control sample at p < 0.001. Furthermore, LSD test confirmed differences between all substances tested (p < 0.005). The natural products Canelys (formulated with cinnamon) and Zytron (based on citrus extract) have proven the highest inhibitory capacity for conidia germination during in vitro tests registering values of 80.42% and 78.34%, respectively. The same high inhibitory rates against rust pathogen were kept also in the field tests using the same two natural-based products mentioned earlier. In addition, outcomes from this study demonstrated that Zeolite is not recommended for raspberry or blackberry rust control.
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LUFFMAN, MARGIE, and DEBORAH BUSZARD. "CONTROL OF LATE YELLOW RUST [Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arth.] OF RED RASPBERRY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-147.
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Late yellow rust [Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arth.] has recently become a serious problem in Rubus idaeus L. (red raspberry) plantings of the Atlantic provinces of Canada. The alternate host is Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. (white spruce). A program to determine the optimum schedule of fungicide applications for rust control based on the life cycle of the pathogen was established. Anilazine applications at the time of aeciospore release reduced leaf and fruit infections. Later applications at flowering time had a deleterious effect on fruit set and yield. Sulphur used late in the season did not improve disease control and had a negative effect on fruit yield. A program of three anilazine applications early in the season, terminating before flowering gave the best disease control.Key words: Pucciniastrum americanum (Farl.) Arth., Rubus idaeus L., disease control, anilazine
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Kostamo, K., A. Toljamo, P. Palonen, J. P. T. Valkonen, S. O. Kärenlampi, and H. Kokko. "Control of downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa) in arctic bramble (Rubus arcticusssp.arcticus)." Annals of Applied Biology 167, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aab.12211.
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Peacock, Derek N., and Kim E. Hummer. "Pregermination Studies with Liquid Nitrogen and Sulfuric Acid on Several Rubus Species." HortScience 31, no. 2 (April 1996): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.2.238.
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We contrasted the effect of liquid nitrogen (LN2), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and a nontreated control on the germination of six Rubus species. We also were interested in determining if LN2 could be an effective mechanical scarifying agent for these species. Seeds of each species were treated with three 3-minute dips in LN2 with alternating 10-minute thaws, with H2SO4 for 30 minutes, or left untreated. The percent germination of R. multibracteatus A. Leveille & Vaniot, R. parviflorus Nutt., R. eustephanos Focke ex Diels, R. leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & A. Gray, R. ursinus Cham. & Schldl., and R. chamaemorus L. treated with LN2 was not significantly different than the control. Germinated seedlings from the LN2 treatment of each species showed normal development upon planting, indicating that long-term cryogenic preservation of these Rubus species seeds may be possible. The H2SO4 treatment significantly increased the rate and percentage of germination in R. parviflorus, R. eustephanos, R. leucodermis, and R. ursinus over that of the control and the LN2 treatment. The alternative LN2 application techniques that have been attempted thus far have not significantly improved Rubus seed germination compared with that of the control.
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Kellogg, Allicia A., Tatum J. Branaman, Nathan M. Jones, Coleman Z. Little, and John-David Swanson. "Morphological studies of developing Rubus prickles suggest that they are modified glandular trichomes." Botany 89, no. 4 (April 2011): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-008.
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Prickles are defined as outgrowths of epidermal tissues and can provide a simple developmental system for the study of the control of cell proliferation and growth. Setting the stage for future studies on gene regulation in the genus Rubus (brambles), a detailed analysis and staging series of prickle development in Rubus idaeus subsp. idaeus L. (red raspberry) is presented and compared with Rubus L. subsp. rubus Watson (blackberry) and Rosa hybrida L. 'Radtko' (rose). Morphological measurements from light and scanning electron micrographs were used to subdivide prickle development into four stages. Our studies indicate that raspberry and rose prickles are modified glandular trichomes continuing to grow and eventually hardening into their final prickle morphologies as outgrowths of epidermal tissue. Although glandular trichomes seem to be involved in blackberry prickle development, our studies indicate that these prickles do not follow the same developmental progression as raspberry, suggesting a potential evolutionary deviation from what is commonly seen in raspberry and rose.
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Peacock, Derek N., and Kim E. Hummer. "The Effect of Liquid Nitrogen and Sulfuric Acid on Several Rubus Species." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 869A—869. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.869a.
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Many Rubus species have a seedcoat imposed exogenous dormancy. Our objective was to contrast the effect of liquid nitrogen (LN2), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and an untreated control on seed germination of R. multibracteatus A. Leveille & Vaniot and R. parviflorus Nutt. and to determine if LN2 could be used as a mechanical scarifying agent for these species. Three replicates of 100 seeds of each species were treated with either three 3-min dips in LN2 with corresponding 10 min thaws or for 30 min with H2SO4 or were left untreated. The LN2 pretreatment did not significantly reduce the viability of R. multibracteatus or R. parviflorus as compared to the control. A random sample of germinated R. multibracteatus from the LN2 pretreatment showed normal seedling development upon planting. The H2SO4 pretreatment significantly increased germination percentages as compared to the control or LN2 pretreatment as well as for R. ursinus Cham. & Schldl. and R. eustephanus Focke ex Diels. The LN2 treatment did not significantly improve germination over the control group and therefore was not an effective scarifying agent as applied to R. multibracteatus or R. parviflorus. However, these two Rubus species were not damaged by repeated dips in LN2. Alternative LN2 pretreatments are being examined for their potential to improve Rubus germination further.
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Wu, Kai, Ted D. Center, Chunhua Yang, Jun Zhang, Jialiang Zhang, and Jianqing Ding. "Potential Classical Biological Control of Invasive Himalayan Yellow Raspberry,Rubus ellipticus(Rosaceae)." Pacific Science 67, no. 1 (January 2013): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2984/67.1.5.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Rubus – Control"
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Cifuentes, Lepimán Vanessa Natalia. "Distribución y condiciones ambientales asociadas a la invasión de Rubus ulmifolius schott (Zarzamora) en la Reserva Nacional Río Clarillo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/152411.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera ForestalLas invasiones biológicas generan diversas alteraciones, modificando la estructura y composición de especies en los ecosistemas afectados, además de promover las extinciones locales y generar daños económicos. Un claro ejemplo de ello es la invasión de Rubus ulmifolius en la Reserva Nacional Río Clarillo, la cual se presenta como la especie invasora más difícil de controlar dentro de la reserva. Este estudio tiene por objetivo identificar las condiciones biofísicas y vegetacionales asociadas a la invasión de R. ulmifolius en las zonas ribereñas de la Reserva Nacional Río Clarillo, para generar medidas de control priorizadas que permitan aminorar los efectos de la invasión de dicha especie. Para ello, se caracterizó la invasión de R. ulmifolius en la zona de uso intensivo de la Reserva Nacional Río Clarillo mediante la realización de una Carta de Ocupación de Tierras (COT) y el estudio de 50 parcelas circulares de 78 m2 cada una con la presencia de la especie invasora y 50 parcelas sin la presencia de R. ulmifolius. Se elaboró un modelo de regresión logístico binario que indica cuales son variables biofísicas y vegetacionales que influyen en la presencia de R. ulmifolius. Finalmente, se determinaron zonas prioritarias para el control de la especie, mediante el análisis de las zonas invadidas, conservación de especies nativas y a las necesidades de manejo público que requiere la Reserva.
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Moročko, Inga. "Characterization of the strawberry pathogen Gnomonia fragariae, and biocontrol possibilities /." Uppsala : Dept. of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200671.pdf.
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Washington, W. S. "The susceptibility of cultivated "rubus" varieties to "Phragmidium violaceum", the cause of blackberry leaf rust, and fungicides for the control of the disease /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09aw319.pdf.
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Mpezamihigo, Mouhamad. "The use of photoselective plastic films to control growth and cropping of three raspberry (Rubus ideaus) cultivars, ('Autumn Bliss', 'Glen Ample' and 'Joan Squire'." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402788.
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Cybèle, Marie Cathleen. "Une analyse socio-économique de la gestion et du contrôle des plantes envahissantes dans l’archipel des Mascareignes." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0004/document.
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Les invasions biologiques font partie des changements globaux qui contribuent à la perte de biodiversité. Les plantes invasives peuvent aussi provoquer des pertes économiques, notamment d'importants coûts pour leur contrôle. Dans l'archipel des Mascareignes plusieurs programmes de gestion ont été mis en place pour contrôler les espèces invasives. La perception du public sur les espèces invasives varie fortement entre les parties prenantes. En raison d'opinions divergentes sur la gestion des invasions, les travaux de recherche et de mise en œuvre de programme de lutte ont récemment généré des conflits d'usage. Ce travail de thèse a permis de conduire une étude pluridisciplinaire sur les dimensions socio-écologiques et économiques de la gestion de Rubus alceifolius, objet d'un programme de contrôle biologique à l'île de La Réunion. Nous avons mené une analyse économique des différentes options de gestion de R. alceifolius et des coûts futurs de son invasion. Nous avons évalué l'impact de la lutte biologique sur le rétablissement des espèces indigènes dans une aire protégée. Le succès économique et écologique du programme de contrôle biologique de R. alceifolius a été démontré dans les habitats d'altitude < 800 m. Afin de comprendre la raison des conflits entre les parties prenantes nous avons parallèlement développé un travail de recherche socio-anthropologique. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence des faiblesses dans le processus de prise de décision et de mise en œuvre collective de ce programme de lutte. Ces travaux de thèse mettent en exergue le besoin crucial d'identifier et d'impliquer les parties prenantes à toutes les étapes du programme de contrôle biologiqueBiological invasions contribute to the degradation of biodiversity globally. Invasive alien plants have impacted on natural resources management and have generated substantial costs of control and economic loss. Various management options have been put in place to control the level of invasions of targeted species. The public’s perception of invasive species varies among stakeholders. Controversies and conflicts emerged as a consequence of diverging opinions on the management of invasions. We conducted an inter-disciplinary study on the socio-ecological and economic dimensions related to the management of the invasive Rubus alceifolius, following a biological control programme in Réunion Island (France). Firstly, we carried out an economic analysis of the management options for R. alceifolius with future scenario on the cost of invasion. Secondly we assessed the impact of the recovery of native species post biological control. Thirdly a socio-anthropological investigation to understand the rationale behind controversies amongst stakeholders, was investigated. Lastly, a gap-analysis of the policy framework corresponding to a biological control programme was conducted. We found that the biological control programme of R. alceifolius was successful within the elevation limit of 800 m, from both an economic and ecological perspective. Given the shortfall in the decision-making process and implementation, this study demonstrated the crucial need to identify and involve stakeholders in all stages of a biological control programme. We concluded with key recommendations for successful biological programmes
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Dunand, Christophe. "Perception d'un signal xyloglucane par des protéines membranaires et mise en évidence d'activité xyloglucane endotransglycosylane induite." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10111.
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Afin de relier l'activite biologique du motif actif des xyloglucanes a la reconnaissance par des proteines membranaires, nous avons adopte une approche biochimique de detection basee sur l'utilisation de tests immunoenzymatiques. Nous avons utilise le dimere -l-fuc (12), d-gal marque avec de la digoxigenine ou de la biotine et des proteines solubilisees provenant de fractions enrichies en plasmalemme isolees de protoplastes de rubus, pour modeliser les interactions ligand-recepteur. Les resultats obtenus ont montre qu'une proteine membranaire de 62 kda est capable de fixer le dimere fuc-gal et que cette fixation est saturable et reversible. Par ailleurs, le deplacement competitif de la fixation montre une inhibition de l'activite de liaison a la fois par des analogues structuraux (xxfg, fuc-gal-glc, fuc-gal-xyl) et par des phytohormones (2,4-d, kinetine, ga#3, acide abscissique). Cependant, a ce stade de nos travaux, il n'est a pas encore etabli que ces structures proteiques correspondent a des recepteurs de xyloglucane. Une technique de determination de l'activite xyloglucane endotransglycosylase par tests immunoenzymatiques a ete mise au point et a permis de mettre en evidence une activite induite par differents signaux. Le polymere de xyloglucane marque avec de la digoxigenine et l'oligomere xxlgbsa sont utilises comme substrats pour la reaction enzymatique. Les solutions enzymatiques testees sont extraites a partir de fractions microsomales provenant de protoplastes de rubus temoins ou traites. Grace a une sequence d'anticorps (primaire, secondaire et tertiaire), l'activite transferase est suivie en mesurant l'activite peroxydase. Les avantages de cette nouvelle methode sont la sensibilite de la detection et la possibilite d'analyser plusieurs echantillons simultanement.
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Laurens, Gaétan. "Laser generation of nanoparticles in liquids : new insights on crystal structure control and colloidal stability." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1161/document.
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L’engouement pour l’originalité des propriétés physiques des nanoparticules s’est accompagné d’un développement de nombreuses méthodes de synthèse depuis un demi siècle. Parmi elles, l’ablation laser en liquide permet de produire des nanoparticules avec des surfaces libres de tout contaminant et ce pour une multitude de combinaisons de matériaux et de solvants. Cependant, la simplicité apparente de cette technique dissimule la complexité des mécanismes physico-chimiques, ce qui entraîne actuellement un manque de contrôle des objets synthétisés. Tout d’abord, nous nous sommes intéressés à la cinétique des bulles pour laquelle les conditionsextrêmes d’ablation laser en liquide présentent des cas originaux de cinétique dans le domaine de la mécanique des fluides. Puis, ce travail de thèse vise à donner de plus amples perspectives quant à une meilleure maîtrise de la structure cristalline des nanoparticules et de la stabilité colloïdale. Une manière plus directe de contrôler la taille, la phase cristalline et la stabilité colloïdale des solutions contenant des nanoparticules est d’ajouter des ligands. Nous avons donc étudié les mécanismes de stabilisation de ces solutions en utilisant des ions qui se complexent aux nanoparticules d’or. Nous avons aussi réussi à synthétiser des nanoparticules de rubis (alumine dopée chrome). La stabilisation de ces nanoparticules dans une phase métastable en utilisant des ligands organiques a été expliquée par une étude théoriqueLaser generation of nanoparticles in liquids : new insights on crystal structure control and colloidal stability The great interest of nanoparticles for their original physical and an chemical properties has been supported by the development of numerous methods of synthesis. In the nineties, laser generation of nanoparticles in liquids appeared, including Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids (PLAL). The PLAL technique enables to produce surface free particles for plenty of material and solvent combinations. However, the apparent simplicity of its implementation hides complex physico-chemical mechanisms resulting in a lack of control of the final products. We firstly investigated the dynamics of the laser-generated bubbles for which the PLAL extreme conditions present new studied cases of bubbles dynamics not encountered in the field of fluid mechanics. Then, we aim to bring new insights into better control of the nanoparticles morphology and their colloidal stability. A straight way to tune sizes, crystal structures and the colloidal stability consists in the addition of stabilizing agents. Hence, we investigated the mechanisms of stabilization of colloidal gold using complexing ions. We also succeed to synthesis nano-rubies, i.e. chromium doped corundum alumina nanoparticles, unexpected at nanoscale. The stabilization of the metastable crystal structure using ligands is explained thanks to a comprehensive theoretical approach
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Stites, Howard Leon. "Nonstructural carbohydrate reserves of blackberry (Rubus sp.) and multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.) ;Chemical control of blackberry (Rubus sp.) with foliar herbicides." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27551.
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Washington, W. S. (William Samuel) 1951. "The susceptibility of cultivated "rubus" varieties to "Phragmidium violaceum", the cause of blackberry leaf rust, and fungicides for the control of the disease." 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09aw319.pdf.
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Janak, Travis Wayne. "Evaluation of Various Herbicides for Saw Greenbrier [Smilax bona-nox L.] and Southern Dewberry [Rubus trivialis Michx.] Control and Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] Tolerance and Sharppod Morningglory [Ipomoea trichocarpa var. trichocarpa Ell.] Control in Roundup Ready Flex® and LibertyLink® Cotton Systems." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10461.
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Field studies were conducted during 2006 and 2007 to evaluate control of saw greenbriar and southern dewberry by various pasture herbicides and to assess forage tolerance of Tifton 85 bermudagrass to these herbicides. Herbicides evaluated in each study included triclopyr, picloram, 2,4-D, fluroxypyr, dicamba, aminopyralid, metsulfuron methyl and various combinations of the above. Visual ratings were taken on each herbicide efficacy experiment. Visual evaluations of phytotoxicity, measurements of dry matter yield, and forage quality were quantified for each of the bermudagrass tolerance trials. Saw greenbriar was best controlled at approximately one year after treatment by triclopyr at 10.9% ae v/v with diesel as the carrier (88-98%), although the lower rate of triclopyr + diesel at 0.87% ae v/v + 5% v/v and triclopyr alone at 0.87% ae v/v provided 49 to 86% control. Triclopyr + fluroxypyr at 0.25% ai v/v + 0.086% ai v/v gave best control of southern dewberry in both years when applied as an individual plant treatment (IPT) six weeks after shredding. In general, shredding 45 days prior to herbicide application gave an advantage to southern dewberry control versus not shredding. In 2006, triclopyr + fluroxypyr (IPT) was the only treatment to decrease Tifton 85 dry matter yield at the first harvest, with no effect observed at the second harvest. In 2007, both broadcast treatments containing triclopyr + fluroxypyr and the IPT treatment of triclopyr decreased dry matter yield at the first harvest, with triclopyr (IPT) being the only treatment to lower dry matter yield at the second harvest. Field studies were also conducted in 2006 and 2007 to assess sharppod morningglory control in Roundup Ready Flex® and LibertyLink® cotton systems. Herbicides evaluated included glyphosate, glufosinate, prometryn, fluometuron, and diuron. Visual ratings of percent weed control and sharppod morningglory plant counts were taken to assess control. Prometryn at 1.8 kg ai ha⁻¹ and fluometuron at 1.8 kg ai ha⁻¹ provided significant preemergence control (33-81%) of seedling sharppod morningglory. All rates of glyphosate (1.06 and 1.54 kg ai ha⁻¹) and glufosinate (0.45 and 0.6 kg ai ha⁻¹) controlled sharppod morningglory from 55 to 100% at both application timings. The addition of diuron at 1.12 kg ai ha⁻¹ to glyphosate and glufosinate at the late season application enhanced sharppod morningglory control by 3 to 16%. Additionally, in both years, no reduction in cotton yield was observed in the morningglory infested treatment when compared to the weed free treatment.
Book chapters on the topic "Rubus – Control"
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Yamamoto, Nobuyuki. "Skin Irritation Caused by Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs." In Infection Control - Updates. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/33906.
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Astagneau, Pascal, Elise Seringe, and François Bricaire. "Healthcare-associated infections and infection control." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 667–74. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0087.
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Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in older people frequently occur in mid or long-term cares facilities. The most frequent infections are those of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin/soft tissue, and gastrointestinal tract. The spectrum of pathogens are different in epidemic and endemic situations. Outbreaks occurring in long-term care frequently involve seasonal viruses such influenza, scabies, and multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Clostridium difficile. Ageing is a risk factor for HAI, which impairs immunological, metabolical, and neurological functions. Indwelling devices, poor nutritional status, and lack of mobility also increase the infection risk in the cared-for elderly. Infection control measures have to be implemented according to standard recommendations, including the use of alcohol-based hand rubs. Control measures should be adapted to the organization of healthcare facilites for older people, in particular environment and poor staff ressources. Focus should be made on vaccination programme of healthcare staff, especially against influenza.
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Sleeper-Smith, Susan. "Aftermath." In Indigenous Prosperity and American Conquest, 285–320. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469640587.003.0009.
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St. Clair’s defeat left Indians in control of the lands north of the Ohio River and interrupted the United States’ western movement. The president needed several years to reorganize, recruit, and intensively train a larger army that was capable of defeating the Pan-Indian Confederacy. Washington’s shift from confrontation to peace was political posturing, a way of playing it safe until a larger, well-trained army could ensure U.S. victory. Washington appointed Rufus Putnam to negotiate with Indians and to formulate a “peace policy.” To do so, Putnam released the Indian women from U.S. captivity and held a peace conference at Vincennes. The Vincennes treaty negotiations were unique because of the large number of Indian women who attended the conference. Women far outnumbered men. Despite their harsh year of imprisonment, these Indian women refused to cede any additional lands to the U.S. Orators reinforced their message, demanding that peace be secured by the U.S. and that the federal government ensure that the Ohio River remain the boundary line between the United States and Indian people. Speakers at this conference repeatedly linked women to the land, invoking the extreme grief, or “weeping,” associated with land loss.
Conference papers on the topic "Rubus – Control"
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Barriga Medina, elia. "Exploring fungal pathogens to control invasive raspberry (Rubus niveus) in the Galapagos Islands." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1383218.
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Braun, M. J., F. K. Choy, M. Dzodzo, J. Hsu, R. Veillette, and D. Deckler. "A Theoretical and Numerical Development of the Concept of the Active Control Foil Bearing (ACFB)." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-172.
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The authors of the present paper envisage far reaching applications of the foil bearing technology when merged with the concept of active control. Thus, this paper proposes and presents a comprehensive procedure for feedback control design for an active foil bearing. Two types of controllers are introduced, and discussed: i) the active feedback control for online adjustment, and ii) the supervisory control for anticipatory event management. A numerical procedure to simulate the steady state and transient dynamics of a foil bearing was also presented. Successful introduction of such a new type of bearing will allow: (a) tolerance and ‘on-line’ adaptation to large time-dependent distortions and misalignment, (b) continuous adjustment for enhanced stability and resilience to high speed rubs, (c) reduced wear and power loss, (d) relative immunity from foreign object damage (FOD), (e) high load capacity due to thicker film lubricant, (f) lighter weight and reduced spatial envelope over active magnetic bearings, and (g) inherent stability without feedback control as compared with the magnetic bearing which has no stable equilibrium without feedback.
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Haley, Philip J. "Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP): Overview, and Ceramic Component Technology Status." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-367.
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The automotive gas turbine’s (AGT) significant potential payoffs in fuel economy, emissions, and alternate fuels usage continue to motivate development activities worldwide. The U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored, NASA-managed Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP) focuses on developing critical AGT structural ceramic component technologies. The area of greatest challenge is that of cost-effective, near-net-shape, high-volume, high-yield manufacturing processes. Process physics modeling and Taguchi analyses are affording substantial progress, and new processes are being explored. Laboratory characterization is building a shared materials data base among Allison, Garrett, Government labs, and ceramic manufacturers. General Motors (GM) has logged over 700 test hours with ceramic components in hot gasifier rigs during ATTAP. A key ATTAP milestone was addressed by successfully demonstrating full goal temperature and speed (2500°F rotor inlet at 100% shaft speed) with ceramic components. Fast-fracture ceramic component design tools are well correlated. Although time-dependent data and mechanistic models exist, a validated design system for such phenomena does not, and is a pressing need. Damage tolerance and impact resistance have been substantially addressed through tailored component designs, tougher monolithic ceramics, and increased ceramic strengths. Ceramic turbine rotors are now continuing to run after various substantial impacts, and after chipping damage. Ceramic-ceramic and ceramic-metal interfacing is being addressed by minimizing components’ joints, and by other DOE-sponsored work on joining models, processes, and materials. The extruded regenerator disk is a continuing goal which requires both forming process and materials technology development. Controlling turbine tip clearances and tolerating tip rubs are key technologies. GM has demonstrated clearance control schemes, as well as rotor survivability to high speed/temperature tip rubs. Several noteworthy ceramic materials reflect the rapid progress over the past decade of monolithic ceramics, especially the Si3N4 family. GM forecasts achieving ATTAP engine cyclic durability goals.
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Beaton, M. S., and R. P. Tolokan. "Seamless Fiber Metal Abradables: A New Concept in Engine Seals." In ASME 1986 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/86-gt-259.
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Fiber metal abradable seals are used for clearance control in gas turbine engines. Abradable seals accommodate rubs between the rotating system and the engine housing. Abradable seals also block the passage of air around the rotating system. Conventional seals are fabricated in flat sheet and formed into ring shape, with a seam in the ring axis direction. Seamless seals are fabricated in ring form with no seam. For conventional fiber metal seals, the seal material properties are adjusted to best suit the requirements of particular applications. The seamless metal fiber seals offer improved knife edge abradability and air flow blockage performance compared to the conventional materials. The seamless seals respond to knife edge rub interaction in the same manner as conventional seals of 10 to 20% lower density. The seamless seal blocks air flow with approximately twice the effectiveness of conventional seals. Seamless seals are comparable in cost to conventional seals.
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Grzybowski, Richard, George Foyt, Hartwig Knoell, William Atkinson, and Josef Wenger. "Microwave Blade Tip Clearance Measurement System." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-002.
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This paper describes the development of a Microwave Tip Clearance Measurement System for use in the gas turbine environment Applications for this sensor include basic tip clearance measurements, seal wear measurement and active blade tip clearance control in gas turbine engines. The system being developed was designed for useful operation to temperatures exceeding 1093°F, since only ceramic materials are directly exposed in the gas path. Other advantages of this microwave approach to blade tip clearance sensing include the existence of an inherent self-calibration in the sensor that permits accurate operation despite temperature variations and possible abrasion by the rotating blades. Earlier experiments designed to simulate this abrasion of the sensor head indicated that rubs as deep as 1 mm (40 mils) were easily tolerated. In addition, unlike methods based upon phase measurements, this method is very insensitive to cable vibration and length variations. Finally, this microwave technique is expected to be insensitive to fuel and other engine contamination, since it is based on the measurement of resonant frequencies, which are only slightly affected by moderate values of loss due to contamination.
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Alves, Paul S., and Barry M. Alavi. "Magnetic Bearing Improvement Program at NOVA." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-323.
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Nova Gas Transmission Ltd., located in Alberta, Canada, has lead the way in the application of dry gas seals and magnetic bearings to centrifugal compressors in gas pipeline service. The introduction of magnetic bearings in the NGTL system started in 1986 and to date some 34 units were installed. There are presently 31 units running with magnetic bearings due to some units being retired. It was part of NGTL vision to pursue the application of technologies holding promise of increased efficiencies for the pipeline. The installation of units with magnetic bearings had coincided with a period of rapid expansion of the pipeline in which there were limited resources and time available to assess equipment performance. Well into the magnetic bearing program, challenges associated with the magnetic bearing systems started to accumulate to a point where a serious study was warranted. These were in essence, the incidence of unit shutdowns, failure of components, and ultimately some instances of internal rubs of the rotating elements of the compressors. A complete technical audit of the magnetic bearing installed base at NGTL was conducted to evaluate potential improvements to the system, improve the knowledge of NGTL personnel in the relevant technical aspects, and set the foundation for on-going management of the technology. This audit effort pointed out several areas for improvement and a number of remedies were selected for implementation; mostly changes in the control system design, auxiliary bearing layout, and quality control of the installation. The changes proposed have been implemented in 18 units during 1995, with some other 6 planned for 1996. The results were excellent with the reliability of the upgraded units reaching virtually 100%. It should be pointed out that these 18 units have now accumulated 22,000 hours in service throughout the year. The most important part of this program is however, the Quality Control of the installations. We can say most of our problems in the past could certainly be attributed to poor quality control and should not be seen as an indictment of the magnetic bearings. There is optimism about the magnetic bearing performance and the long term benefits of using this technology.
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Malavade, Prashant, Santhana G. Babu, Luca Frosini, and Simone Marchetti. "Design of Heat Shield for Compressor Case of Industrial Gas Turbine to Meet Clearance Requirement." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14884.
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Abstract In Gas Turbine design key important role was to establish proper clearance between rotating and statoric parts during operating conditions which controls the performance, cooling flow requirements, part performance etc., These clearances must be optimized to meet product requirements. Too tight clearance at assembly condition causes excessive rubbing during starting or shutdown of gas turbine which could cause excessive heat generation and damage rotating and statoric parts. In some case, rubbing can cause tip liberations and damages to flow path causing aero dynamic losses. Similarly, if clearance is large at assembly condition causes aerodynamic losses. In this paper describes the experience of Baker Hughes, in design of compressor case wherein different design options in casing design with and without considering external features / components are considered to have adequate clearance between rotating and statoric parts. It also describes the Heat shield design iterations which was provided on a compressor case to establish proper thermal response during transient operating conditions. This helps in providing adequate clearance without causing excessive rubs or too large clearance avoiding aerodynamic losses. During development of heat shield design, challenges encountered considering clearance, manufacturing aspects, assembly feasibility and part life capabilities like low cycle fatigue, high cycle fatigue requirements are discussed in the paper. Also heat shield was subjected to high thermal gradient due to temperature difference, this makes heat shield to have constrained growth. This restriction in growth provides huge stresses beyond the material limit causing it to fail before product requirement time period. To avoid constrained growth, this paper describes how the heat shield was connected to casing by different means are mentioned. It also describes the impact on frequency margin if there is not adequate fixity in heat shield design. Some of the design parameters like circumferential & axial ribs and intermittent stiffeners and its influence on stress by comparing against yield and on frequency margin with reference to potential driver are also discussed in this paper. It also incorporates the methods to control intersegment leakages and design features to avoid interface interference. Feasibility study of heat shield design was done using finite element modeling techniques using ANSYS tool and its best practices would also be dealt in this paper.
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Babu, Santhana G., Kammalapalli Ramesh, and Leonardo Tognarelli. "Methods to Have Tighter Clearance in Gas Turbine: Turbine Section." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15973.
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Abstract Typically, Gas turbine clearance between stator and rotor parts are governed by radial clearance which determines performance, cooling flow requirements, part performance etc. These clearances must be optimized to meet product requirements. Clearance which are kept too tight at assembly condition causes excessive rubbing during starting or shutdown of gas turbine which results in excessive heat generation and damage to rotating and statoric parts. In some cases, rubbing could cause tip liberations and damages to flow path which results in aero dynamic losses. Similarly, if rotor tip clearance is large at assembly condition results in aerodynamic losses. While designing component design at interface locations, tip clearance should be kept as minimum as possible to have proper balance between tip rubs at low speed and aero dynamic loss. In this paper describes the experience of Baker Hughes, wherein different design options which are considered to arrive at optimized clearance in low pressure turbine section of Gas turbine have been discussed. Typically, in low pressure turbine wherein the turbine airfoils were provided with tip rails and shrouds are brazed with honeycombs. These were allowed to rub during startup of Gas turbine engine and provide a tighter clearance at steady state operating condition. In this paper, to have tighter clearance in operating condition few methods of incorporating axial clearance in addition to radial tip clearance are discussed. By incorporating tighter axial clearance, it was found to be evident that performance estimated has improved compared to having only radial tip clearance. This paper also describes design considerations for honeycomb pertaining to axial clearance control and the methods for rubbing tip shroud with honeycomb. This paper highlights worm chart developed for a rotor blade and stator shroud configuration and highlight benefit of axial clearance control mechanism. This paper also covers different designs of heat dissipation methods in tip rails of a bucket while it is rubbing with honeycomb. In this paper, based analytical case study proves that, when axial clearance was made tighter, it reduces leakage flows and improves Low pressure turbine stage efficiency significantly.
Reports on the topic "Rubus – Control"
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Tabita, F. Robert. Biochemistry and control of the reductive tricarboxylic acid pathway of CO2 fixation and physiological role of the Rubis CO-like protein. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/943343.
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